阅读说明：本技术 具有现地自校准功能的智能测斜方法 (Intelligent inclinometry method with in-situ self-calibration function ) 是由 方卫华 程德虎 张慧 陈晓宇 郭丽丽 张威 郝泽嘉 于 2021-06-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种具有现地自校准功能的智能测斜方法。在被监测部位安装测斜装置,测斜装置由地面采集控制通讯电源设备和地下多节首尾相连的测斜单元串联构成。地面的嵌入式计算机通过边缘计算控制地下每节测斜单元上、下部腔体内的小型电机实现测斜单元按预先设置的坐标X、Y和方位倾斜,将这些坐标值对应的位移值作为输入建立测斜传感器输出信号以及附近相关渗压、土壤含水率、温度等到上述变形的映射,从而建立校准模型并定期更新。本发明通过定期离线建模和在线测量,不仅能动态修正传感器本身的漂移,而且能根据附近的渗压、土壤温度和含水率对倾斜变形进行修正,测值精准,具有显著的智能性。(The invention discloses an intelligent inclinometry method with an in-situ self-calibration function. The inclination measuring device is installed at the monitored part and is formed by connecting ground acquisition control communication power supply equipment and underground multi-section inclination measuring units in series end to end. The embedded computer on the ground controls the small motors in the upper cavity and the lower cavity of each underground inclination measuring unit through edge calculation to realize inclination of the inclination measuring units according to preset coordinates X, Y and directions, and displacement values corresponding to the coordinate values are used as input to establish mapping from output signals of the inclination measuring sensors and related nearby osmotic pressure, soil moisture content, temperature and the like to the deformation, so that a calibration model is established and updated regularly. The invention can dynamically correct the drift of the sensor by periodically off-line modeling and on-line measurement, can correct the inclined deformation according to the nearby osmotic pressure, soil temperature and water content, has accurate measured value and has remarkable intelligence.)

1. The intelligent inclinometry method with the in-situ self-calibration function is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

step one, setting a calibration sampling space point coordinate group and the inclination direction of each inclination measuring unit according to a possible deformation field of a monitored object

Installing an intelligent inclination measuring device at a monitored part, wherein the intelligent inclination measuring device comprises ground acquisition control communication power supply equipment and a plurality of inclination measuring units which are arranged underground and connected end to end, and the inclination measuring units are connected through a hollow flexible structure; each inclination measuring unit comprises an X-direction high-precision quantitative ejection device, a Y-direction high-precision quantitative ejection device, a stainless steel pipe between the two ejection devices and an inclination and azimuth sensor in the stainless steel pipe, wherein the X-direction high-precision quantitative ejection devices and the Y-direction high-precision quantitative ejection devices are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the inclination measuring unit; the high-precision quantitative ejection device comprises a stainless steel cylinder, a high-precision stepping motor and a precision screw rod, wherein the high-precision stepping motor and the precision screw rod are arranged in the cylinder;

secondly, controlling X, Y a motor to start so that the azimuth and the coordinate of the inclinometer unit correspond to the coordinates of the preset measuring point group one by one;

recording the readings of the inclinometer unit sensors corresponding to each calibration point and the actually measured data of the influencing factors;

step four, establishing an off-line calibration model, outputting X, Y displacement corresponding to preset coordinates of each point as a model, inputting measured data of influence factors such as inclination and azimuth sensor readings in the stainless steel pipe and nearby related osmotic pressure, soil moisture content, temperature and the like as the model, and training a neural network model as follows:

D＝[X,Y]＝F(E,T,M,P,t,ξ)，

d is the output of the neural network model of the inclinometer, and the displacement value in the direction of X, Y of each corresponding measuring point of the inclinometer unit is obtained according to the preset ejection distance of the ejection device point by point during training, and the dimension of X, Y is determined by the number of the inclinometer units of the inclinometer; t is the measured value of the soil temperature; m is the soil moisture measured by a surface soil moisture monitoring instrument; p is the osmotic pressure value of different depths corresponding to the inclinometer; t is time; e is the tilt and azimuth sensor reading; xi is a parameter vector obtained after neural network training, and E, T, M, P and T are corresponding measured data as model input;

step five, checking the convergence condition and the generalization capability of the off-line calibration model, and storing the model with good training or updating parameters after meeting the requirements for application in normal monitoring of rock-soil body deformation;

step six, controlling the motor to recover to a pre-calibration state;

step seven, on-line measurement

And when the on-line measurement is normally operated, inputting the corresponding sensor reading and the actually measured data of the influencing factors into the trained neural network model, and obtaining an output measurement value which is the required inclination deformation value of the monitored object.

2. The intelligent inclinometry method with in-situ self-calibration function as claimed in claim 1, wherein said ground collection control communication power supply equipment comprises embedded computer, remote communication and power supply device, said computer is used for calculation, storage and control.

3. The intelligent inclinometer method with in-situ self calibration function according to claim 1, characterized in that said inclination and orientation sensors comprise at least a static high precision three-axis accelerometer and an electronic compass.

4. The intelligent inclinometer method with the in-situ self calibration function according to claim 1, characterized in that the bearing is embedded inside the ejection cap, and the bearing and the precision screw rod are coaxial.

5. The intelligent inclinometry method with in-situ self-calibration capability of claim 1 wherein the precision lead screw distal end is anchored into a rock-soil mass.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of engineering safety monitoring and instrument measurement and calibration, and relates to an intelligent inclinometry method with an in-situ self-calibration function.

Background

The inclination measuring device is a main instrument for monitoring underground deformation of dams, side slopes and goafs, and has very important significance for analyzing the stability of the structure or engineering. At present, an instrument for carrying out inclination measurement monitoring by being buried and installed in the field mainly comprises a fixed inclinometer and a flexible displacement meter (also called an array type displacement meter), and because the instrument is buried underground all the time, the truth of an instrument measurement value is difficult to distinguish, and after long-term operation, the reliability of the instrument measurement value is more difficult to evaluate. However, no effective method for identifying the working state of the instrument and the accuracy of the measured value exists so far, and no method for carrying out online calibration on the measured value of the device exists.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the invention discloses an intelligent inclination measuring method with an in-situ self-calibration function. The method comprises the steps of installing a built-in ejection type motor in the X, Y direction of the upper part and the lower part of each inclinometer pipe respectively, realizing positioning inclination of the inclinometer rod which is installed in the field and is in a working state, establishing mapping from sensor output signals and measured values of nearby osmotic pressure, soil moisture content, temperature and the like to deformation of a monitored part through edge calculation by an embedded computer at a pipe orifice, and realizing dynamic in-situ self calibration of an inclinometer device through periodically updating a mapping model.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

the intelligent inclinometry method with the in-situ self-calibration function comprises the following steps:

step one, setting a calibration sampling space point coordinate group and the inclination direction of each inclination measuring unit according to a possible deformation field of a monitored object

Installing an intelligent inclination measuring device at a monitored part, wherein the intelligent inclination measuring device comprises ground acquisition control communication power supply equipment and a plurality of inclination measuring units which are arranged underground and connected end to end, and the inclination measuring units are connected through a hollow flexible structure; each inclination measuring unit comprises an X-direction high-precision quantitative ejection device, a Y-direction high-precision quantitative ejection device, a stainless steel pipe between the two ejection devices and an inclination and azimuth sensor in the stainless steel pipe, wherein the X-direction high-precision quantitative ejection devices and the Y-direction high-precision quantitative ejection devices are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the inclination measuring unit; the high-precision quantitative ejection device comprises a stainless steel cylinder, a high-precision stepping motor and a precision screw rod, wherein the high-precision stepping motor and the precision screw rod are arranged in the cylinder;

secondly, controlling X, Y a motor to start so that the azimuth and the coordinate of the inclinometer unit correspond to the coordinates of the preset measuring point group one by one;

adjusting the inclination measuring unit to each calibration measuring point, and simultaneously recording the reading of the inclination measuring unit sensor and the actually measured data of the influencing factors through ground acquisition control communication power supply equipment;

step four, establishing a calibration model in an off-line mode, outputting X, Y displacement corresponding to preset coordinates of each point as a model, inputting sensor reading and actually measured data of influencing factors as the model, and training the neural network model as follows:

D＝[X,Y]＝F(E,T,M,P,t,ξ)，

d is the output of the neural network model of the inclinometer, the displacement value in the direction of X, Y of each corresponding measuring point of the inclinometer unit is obtained, and the dimension X, Y is determined by the number of the inclinometer units of the inclinometer; t is the measured value of the soil temperature; m is the soil humidity sensed by the surface soil moisture sensor; p is the osmotic pressure values of different depths corresponding to the inclinometer; t is time; e is a sensor measured value; xi is a parameter obtained after BP neural network training, D is a corresponding ejection distance of the ejection device during training, and E, T, M, P and T are corresponding measured data as input;

step five, testing the convergence and generalization capability of the model, and storing the trained or updated parameter model after meeting the requirements for application in normal monitoring of rock-soil body deformation;

step six, controlling the motor to recover to a pre-calibration state;

step seven, on-line measurement

And when the on-line measurement is normally operated, inputting the corresponding sensor reading and the actually measured data of the influencing factors into the trained neural network model, and obtaining an output measurement value which is the required inclination deformation value of the monitored object.

Furthermore, the ground acquisition control communication power supply equipment is provided with an embedded computer, and the computer is used for calculation, storage and control.

Further, the tilt and orientation sensor includes at least a static high-precision three-axis accelerometer and an electronic compass.

Furthermore, a bearing is embedded in the ejection cap, and the bearing is coaxial with the precision screw rod.

Furthermore, the far end of the precision screw rod is anchored into a rock-soil body.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

the method disclosed by the invention integrates multi-element sensing, a mathematical model and regular calibration, not only can dynamically correct the drift of the sensor, but also can correct the inclined deformation according to the adjacent osmotic pressure, soil temperature and water content, and the measured value is accurate and has remarkable intelligence.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the whole structure of the inclinometer provided by the invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an inclinometer unit.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a high-precision quantitative ejection device.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples, and it should be understood that the following specific embodiments are only illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

Firstly, a calibration sampling space point coordinate group is set according to a possible deformation field of a monitored object, and a Latin cube sampling or uniform design can be adopted to select representative measuring points.

The inclination measuring device comprises a plurality of groups of inclination measuring devices arranged at positions needing inclination deformation monitoring, as shown in figure 1, the inclination measuring devices are composed of ground acquisition control communication power supply equipment 1 and a plurality of underground inclination measuring units 2 which are connected in sequence, the ground acquisition control communication power supply equipment 1 is arranged on the ground 4, and the inclination measuring units 2 are connected through hollow flexible structures 3. The hollow flexible structure can be realized by combining a flexible rubber tube (made of materials such as nylon, rubber and the like) with a steel wire reinforcement mode. The ground acquisition control communication power supply equipment 1 at the top of the inclinometer is provided with an embedded computer. The embedded computer adopts embedded devices such as ARM Cortex-M and the like which are suitable for the field working environment, simultaneously configures an operating system, wireless communication and a power supply control program, and realizes bidirectional communication with a central station (manual control, remote realization of local parameter setting, software updating, data reading, fault diagnosis and the like) through a wireless communication device.

As shown in figure 2, each inclination measuring unit 2 comprises an X-direction high-precision quantitative ejection device 2-1, a Y-direction high-precision quantitative ejection device 2-2, an inclination and orientation sensor 2-3 and a stainless steel tube 2-4, wherein the X-direction high-precision quantitative ejection device 2-1 and the Y-direction high-precision quantitative ejection device 2-2 are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the inclination measuring unit, and a high-precision small stepping motor is adopted to control a precision stainless steel wire rod to realize precise ejection, so that the inclination in the direction X, Y is adjusted, and the inclination in any direction can be realized through combination in the direction X, Y. Stainless steel pipes 2-4 are arranged between the ejection devices, and are of rigid structures and used for protecting sensor signal lines, motor power lines and communication lines. The inclination and azimuth sensor 2-3 is fixed on the stainless steel pipe 2-4 and mainly comprises a static high-precision triaxial accelerometer, an electronic compass and the like. X, Y are orthogonal coordinates perpendicular to each other in the horizontal plane, generally the positive X-direction points in the direction of the downstream dam, the direction of possible landslide, or the direction of maximum goaf deformation. Obviously, the present calibration device has a inclinometer unit torsion calibration function.

The specific structure of the high-precision quantitative ejection device is shown in figure 3, and comprises a stainless steel protective cylinder 2-1-4, a high-precision stepping motor 2-1-1, a high-precision screw rod 2-1-2, an ejection cap 2-1-3 and a plurality of rigid stainless steel supports 2-1-5, wherein the high-precision stepping motor, the high-precision screw rod, the ejection cap and the plurality of rigid stainless steel supports are arranged in the cylinder. The high-precision stepping motor 2-1-1 is provided with feedback control and is supported by three rigid stainless steel supports 2-1-5, a motor rotating shaft is connected with a high-precision screw rod 2-1-2, the screw pitch precision of the high-precision screw rod 2-1-2 is high, the far end of the high-precision screw rod 2-1-2 is tightly connected with an ejection cap 2-1-3, and stable horizontal telescopic motion in the X (or Y) direction is realized under the drive of a motor. The far end of the precision screw rod 2-1-2 penetrates out of the ejection cap 2-1-3 and then is connected with the anchoring head 2-1-6, and the anchoring head 2-1-6 is anchored in the rock-soil body 2-1-8. The stainless steel protective cylinder 2-1-4 is wrapped with the deformation elastic rubber 2-1-7 and is used for precisely contacting the inclination measuring unit with the rock-soil body in the process of telescopic translation of the high-precision screw rod and before and after the inclination measuring unit is calibrated, so that synchronous deformation is ensured, and the translation distance of the screw rod in the process of calibration is also ensured to be equal to the translation distance of the upper end and the lower end of the inclination measuring unit. More specifically, the inside embedding bearing of ejecting cap, bearing and accurate lead screw are coaxial, guarantee that accurate lead screw can not drive the hood rotatory but promote the hood when the motor drives rotation, the hood with monitored rock-soil body in close contact with and do not sink into the rock-soil body to guarantee that the flexible distance of lead screw equals the horizontal distance of the last (or lower) end of deviational survey unit.

And step two, controlling X, Y the motor to start so that the azimuth and the coordinate of the inclinometer unit correspond to the coordinates of the preset measuring point group one by one. The coordinate points are selected first, and then the motor is controlled X, Y to sample one point by one point.

And thirdly, adjusting the inclination measuring unit to each calibration measuring point, recording coordinates of a group of the calibration measuring points, and simultaneously recording readings of a sensor of the inclination measuring unit and actual measurement data (including nearby related osmotic pressure, soil moisture content, temperature and the like) of influencing factors such as M, P, T, T and the like through ground acquisition control communication power supply equipment. The calibration measuring points can also adopt a plurality of sets of inclination measuring devices mentioned in the step one, and experimental calibration should be carried out in advance. T is a soil temperature measured value, and more than 1 soil temperature sensor can be arranged according to the temperature field gradient; m is the soil moisture measured by a surface soil moisture content instrument, and is generally 1; p is the osmotic pressure value of different depths corresponding to the inclinometer, and more than 1 soil osmotic pressure sensor can be arranged according to the osmotic pressure gradient; t is time.

And step four, establishing a calibration model off line. X, Y displacement corresponding to preset coordinates of each point is used as model output, the readings of a tilt sensor and an azimuth sensor in a stainless steel pipe and the measured data of the nearby relevant factors such as osmotic pressure, soil moisture content and temperature are used as input, a multi-input multi-output neural network model is trained, and the model can be a neural network model of BiGRU selected based on BP, radial basis function or MIC characteristics. The neural network model algebra is represented as follows:

D＝[X,Y]＝F(E,T,M,P,t,ξ)，

and D is the output of the neural network model of the inclinometer, the displacement value (mm) in the direction of X, Y of each corresponding measuring point of the inclinometer unit is obtained according to the preset ejection distance of the ejection device point by point during training, and the dimension of X, Y is determined by the number of the inclinometer units of the inclinometer. T is the measured value of the soil temperature; m is the soil moisture measured by a surface soil moisture instrument; p is the osmotic pressure value of different depths corresponding to the inclinometer; t is time; e is the reading of the inclination and orientation sensor, and the invention is the output signal of the static high-precision triaxial acceleration sensor; xi is a parameter obtained after neural network training and is periodically updated through calibration. D is the ejection distance corresponding to the ejection device during training, E, T, M, P and T are the measured data corresponding to the input sample, and the training algorithm adopts the self-adaptive optimal algorithm corresponding to various models.

And fifthly, testing the convergence and generalization capability of the network model, and storing the trained (or updated parameter) model in ground edge computing equipment after the requirement is met for application in normal monitoring of rock and soil body deformation.

And step six, controlling the motor to recover to a pre-calibration state.

Step seven, on-line measurement

And during normal measurement, inputting corresponding sensor reading and influence factor actual measurement data into a trained neural network model, wherein the model output is the required inclination deformation value of the monitored object. The above calibration process can be repeated periodically according to the device stability and environment, further improving accuracy.

The technical means disclosed in the invention scheme are not limited to the technical means disclosed in the above embodiments, but also include the technical scheme formed by any combination of the above technical features. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention, and such improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of the present invention.