Photo-thermal vacuum smelting device and method
阅读说明:本技术 一种光热真空熔炼装置及方法 (Photo-thermal vacuum smelting device and method ) 是由 王开坤 王永善 于 2021-07-16 设计创作,主要内容包括:本发明公开了一种光热真空熔炼装置及方法,该装置包括光路转换系统、温度控制系统、真空装置、电磁搅拌装置、温度传感器、熔炼炉本体。光路转换系统由高温平面镜以及与之对应的转动装置组成,对进入的光线进行反射以改变其路径;温度控制系统由高温透光玻璃、聚光镜以及液压系统组成,五个不同温度范围的高温透光玻璃实现温度范围的初步筛选,液压系统调节合金与聚光镜焦点之间距离实现温度最终控制。熔炼实验结束后,待合金熔液冷却后取出试样;利用金相显微镜以及直读光谱仪对熔炼合金的组织和成分进行表征和分析。本发明提供的光热真空熔炼装置及方法,依据光镜相关原理,充分利用汇聚的太阳能光,不仅可以实现对合金的快速升温,提高冶金效率,还可以达到运用清洁能源实现绿色冶金的目的,极大地减少能源及资源的消耗,降低实验成本。(The invention discloses a photo-thermal vacuum smelting device and a photo-thermal vacuum smelting method. The light path conversion system consists of a high-temperature plane mirror and a rotating device corresponding to the high-temperature plane mirror, and reflects the entering light to change the path of the light; the temperature control system is composed of high-temperature light-transmitting glass, a collecting lens and a hydraulic system, the high-temperature light-transmitting glass in five different temperature ranges is used for realizing preliminary screening of the temperature ranges, and the hydraulic system is used for adjusting the distance between the alloy and the focal point of the collecting lens to realize final temperature control. After the smelting experiment is finished, taking out the sample after the molten alloy is cooled; and (3) characterizing and analyzing the structure and the components of the smelted alloy by using a metallographic microscope and a direct-reading spectrometer. According to the photo-thermal vacuum smelting device and method provided by the invention, the converged solar light is fully utilized according to the relevant principle of a light mirror, so that the rapid heating of the alloy can be realized, the metallurgical efficiency is improved, the purpose of realizing green metallurgy by using clean energy can be achieved, the consumption of energy and resources is greatly reduced, and the experimental cost is reduced.)
1. A photo-thermal vacuum melting device and a method are characterized in that: including smelting furnace body, light path conversion system, temperature control system, vacuum system, set up the heated board on the smelting furnace body inside wall, the heated board with it is resistant firebrick to set up between the smelting furnace body lateral wall, smelting furnace body downside sets up hydraulic system, the hydraulic system top sets up the smelting furnace, the smelting furnace both sides set up electromagnetic stirring device, smelting furnace body left side sets up high temperature printing opacity glass, high temperature printing opacity glass right side sets up the high temperature level crossing, the smelting furnace top sets up the condensing lens, the condensing lens top sets up the high temperature level crossing.
2. The photothermal vacuum melting device and method as claimed in claim 1, wherein five high temperature transparent glasses are disposed on the left side, the temperature of the light transmitted through each high temperature transparent glass is different, and the light temperature transmitted through the high temperature transparent glass is sequentially from bottom to top at 800-.
3. The photothermal vacuum melting apparatus and method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high temperature mirror is provided with a rotating means, and the mirror is rotated at a certain angle.
4. The photothermal vacuum melting apparatus and method as claimed in claim 1, wherein when light of a desired temperature is transmitted through the corresponding high temperature transparent glass, the high temperature mirror corresponding to the high temperature transparent glass is rotated at a certain angle to reflect the light to the upper high temperature mirror.
5. The photothermal vacuum melting apparatus and method as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the high temperature mirror reflecting light is rotated, the remaining high temperature mirrors are not rotated to block the influence of the residual light on the temperature of the apparatus.
6. The photothermal vacuum melting apparatus and method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upper high temperature flat mirror is angularly adjusted to reflect the reflected light to the lower condenser in an approximately parallel manner.
7. The photothermal vacuum melting apparatus and method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the condenser focuses the reflected light to increase the temperature of the light, thereby compensating for the energy loss of the light during the refraction process.
8. The optical path conversion system according to claims 1 to 5, wherein after the light passes through the high temperature transparent glass, the corresponding right high temperature flat mirror rotates by a certain angle to reflect the light to the upper high temperature flat mirror, the light is adjusted by the upper high temperature flat mirror and then vertically and downwardly irradiates the condenser lens, and the condenser lens focuses the light and then irradiates the alloy to be heated below, thereby heating the alloy.
9. The photothermal vacuum melting apparatus and method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the melting furnace is placed above the hydraulic system, and height adjustment is performed with the hydraulic system.
10. The photothermal vacuum melting apparatus and method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hydraulic system adjusts the height of the alloy to change the distance between the alloy and the focal point of the condenser lens, thereby achieving the control of the alloy heating temperature.
11. The temperature control system according to claim 1, wherein first, five different high temperature light-transmitting glasses are preliminarily screened for temperature ranges, i.e., the temperatures of light passing through the different high temperature light-transmitting glasses are different; secondly, the condensing lens focuses the light from the light path conversion system to further adjust the temperature; finally, the hydraulic system realizes the final control of the temperature by adjusting the height of the alloy, namely, the adjustment of different heating temperatures is realized by adjusting the distance between the alloy and the focal point of the condenser lens.
12. The photothermal vacuum melting apparatus and method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the desired temperature is inputted in the temperature control system, light rays of a certain range of temperatures including the temperature pass through the high temperature transparent glass, the corresponding high temperature flat glass rotates, light rays are irradiated onto the temperature sensor in the melting furnace, the temperature sensor feeds back temperature information to the hydraulic system, and the hydraulic system performs height adjustment to achieve an output temperature equal to the input temperature.
13. The photo-thermal vacuum melting device and the method are characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: placing the block alloy in a smelting furnace, and vacuumizing the device through a vacuum system;
step two: setting a target heating temperature of the alloy, adjusting the heating temperature of the alloy through a light path conversion system and a temperature control system, adjusting the heating temperature of the alloy to the target temperature, heating the alloy, and simultaneously rotating a temperature sensor downwards;
step three: opening an electromagnetic stirring system when the massive alloy starts to melt, and stirring the molten liquid;
step four: after the block alloy is completely melted, preserving heat for a period of time, when the temperature sensor displays that the temperature of the melt is constant, and preserving heat for 30 seconds, stopping heating, namely, all high-temperature plane mirrors rotate back to the original position, the light does not enter the device any more, and simultaneously, the temperature sensor rotates back to the original position;
step five: after heating is stopped, closing the electromagnetic stirring system, and selecting a proper cooling method to cool the molten liquid according to the requirement; and closing the vacuum system after the alloy is solidified.
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of photo-thermal power generation and smelting equipment, and particularly relates to a photo-thermal vacuum smelting device and a photo-thermal vacuum smelting method.
Technical Field
Solar energy is used as a clean renewable energy source, and conversion and utilization of the solar energy are always research hotspots in the field of new energy sources. The solar photo-thermal conversion is to converge sunlight to a solar heat collector by means of a light-condensing reflector, and circularly heat an energy storage medium by using the heat collector, so that the conversion and utilization of energy are realized. The solar photo-thermal conversion technology has become an important direction for the development and investment of renewable energy sources due to the advantages of good stability, high conversion efficiency, heat storage, peak regulation, recycling and the like.
The temperature of the solar light converged by the condensing reflectors can reach more than 1500 ℃, the temperature reaches the melting point of most metal materials, and the adjustment of the temperature of the converged solar light can be realized by increasing or decreasing the number of the condensing reflectors and adjusting the reflection angle.
The smelting furnace is mainly used for smelting and temperature raising of steel, nonferrous metals and the like, and is ideal equipment for processing castings. The existing smelting furnace mainly comprises a fuel heating type and an electric heating type. The fuel heating type smelting furnace is mainly used for heating furnace burden by reaction heat energy generated when a large amount of fuels such as natural gas, coal gas and the like are combusted, and a large amount of fuel consumption and pollution are caused in the smelting process; an electric heating type melting furnace, which is cleaner than a fuel heating type melting furnace but also consumes a large amount of electric energy, is a furnace that generates heat by supplying electricity to a resistance element or generates an alternating magnetic field by supplying alternating current to a coil to induce current to heat a burden in the magnetic field. There is therefore a need for a clean, low energy consumption smelting furnace.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a photo-thermal vacuum melting device and method, which can achieve the purpose of melting by heating the alloy at a rapid temperature rise and realize the purpose of melting the alloy with low energy consumption in a clean manner by fully utilizing solar energy.
The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical scheme: a photo-thermal vacuum melting device and a method are characterized in that: including smelting furnace body, light path conversion system, temperature control system, vacuum system, set up the heated board on the smelting furnace body inside wall, the heated board with it is resistant firebrick to set up between the smelting furnace body lateral wall, smelting furnace body downside sets up hydraulic system, the hydraulic system top sets up the smelting furnace, the smelting furnace both sides set up electromagnetic stirring device, smelting furnace body left side sets up high temperature printing opacity glass, high temperature printing opacity glass right side sets up the high temperature level crossing, the smelting furnace top sets up the condensing lens, the condensing lens top sets up the high temperature level crossing.
Preferably, the photo-thermal vacuum melting device and the method are characterized in that five high-temperature light-transmitting glasses are arranged on the left side, the temperature of light transmitted by each high-temperature light-transmitting glass is different, and the light temperature transmitted by the high-temperature light-transmitting glasses is sequentially 700-.
Preferably, the high-temperature plane mirror is provided with a rotating device, the plane mirror can rotate at a certain angle, and when the high-temperature plane mirror reflecting light rays rotates, the rest high-temperature plane mirrors do not rotate so as to block the influence of residual light on the temperature of the device.
Preferably, the upper high-temperature plane mirror can be adjusted in angle to reflect the reflected light rays to the lower collecting mirror in an approximately parallel manner.
Preferably, the condenser focuses the reflected light to increase the temperature of the light, thereby compensating for the energy loss of the light during the refraction process.
Preferably, the smelting furnace is placed above the hydraulic system, and the height of the smelting furnace is adjusted along with the hydraulic system.
Preferably, the hydraulic system adjusts the height of the alloy to change the distance between the alloy and the focal point of the condenser lens, so as to control the heating temperature of the alloy.
Preferably, an electromagnetic stirring device is arranged on the side surface of the smelting furnace to stir the molten liquid.
Preferably, a temperature sensor is placed in the smelting furnace to measure the temperature of the heating light, the temperature sensor feeds information back to the hydraulic system, the hydraulic system adjusts the height to realize accurate control of the temperature, and when the temperature of the heating light reaches a target temperature, the temperature sensor rotates downwards to measure the temperature of subsequent molten liquid.
Preferably, the vacuum system vacuumizes the interior of the smelting device to reduce the loss of light energy caused by particles in the air.
The invention also provides a photo-thermal vacuum melting method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: placing the block alloy in a smelting furnace, and vacuumizing the device through a vacuum system;
step two: setting the target heating temperature of the alloy, selecting solar light in a proper temperature range to penetrate through the high-temperature light-transmitting glass, carrying out certain angle adjustment on a high-temperature plane mirror corresponding to the high-temperature light-transmitting glass, reflecting the light to an upper high-temperature plane mirror, reflecting the reflected light to a condenser below the upper high-temperature plane mirror, and focusing the light by the condenser;
step three: the temperature sensor in the smelting furnace measures and feeds back the temperature of the condensing lens irradiated on the alloy, the hydraulic system adjusts the height according to the feedback information to reach the set target heating temperature, and then the temperature sensor rotates downwards to measure the subsequent molten liquid temperature;
step four: opening an electromagnetic stirring system when the massive alloy starts to melt, and stirring the molten liquid;
step five: after the block alloy is completely melted, preserving heat for a period of time, when the temperature sensor displays that the melt temperature is constant, preserving heat for 30 seconds, closing the electromagnetic stirring system, stopping heating, namely, all the high-temperature plane mirrors rotate back to the original position, the light does not enter the device any more, and simultaneously, the temperature sensor rotates back to the original position; after the alloy melt is solidified, closing the vacuum system;
preferably, the positive improvement effect of the invention is that the invention changes the direction of the entering solar energy by using optical devices such as a reflector, a lens and the like and converges the solar energy on the alloy to be heated, the distance between the alloy and the focal point of a condenser is adjusted by a hydraulic system, the adjustment of the temperature of the light for heating the alloy is realized, the alloy is smelted, meanwhile, a vacuum system carries out vacuum-pumping treatment on the device to reduce the loss of light energy, an electromagnetic stirring device carries out stirring treatment on the molten liquid to homogenize the components of the molten liquid, and the invention fully utilizes the converged solar energy to realize the purposes of cleaning and energy-saving smelting.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a photothermal vacuum melting apparatus of the present invention, in which 1. insulation boards and refractory bricks; 2. and 3, a switch and a vacuum pumping system.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a light path converting system in the photothermal vacuum melting apparatus, wherein 4. a rotating apparatus; 5. a high-temperature plane mirror; 6. high-temperature light-transmitting glass; 7. a condenser lens.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the hydraulic system and the melting furnace of the photothermal vacuum melting apparatus, wherein 8. temperature sensors; 9. a hydraulic device; 10. a smelting furnace; 11. an electromagnetic stirring device.
Detailed Description
The following provides a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. The photo-thermal vacuum melting method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: placing the block alloy in a smelting furnace, and vacuumizing the device through a vacuum system;
step two: setting a target heating temperature of the alloy, adjusting the heating temperature of the alloy through a light path conversion system and a temperature control system, adjusting the heating temperature of the alloy to the target temperature, and heating the bulk alloy;
step three: when the massive alloy begins to melt, an electromagnetic stirring system is opened to stir the melt;
step four: after the massive alloy is completely melted, preserving heat for a period of time, when the temperature sensor displays that the temperature of the molten liquid is constant, preserving heat for 30 seconds, stopping heating, namely, all high-temperature plane mirrors rotate back to the original positions, and light rays do not enter the device any more;
step five: after heating is stopped, closing the electromagnetic stirring system, selecting a proper cooling method to cool the molten alloy according to requirements, and closing the vacuum system after the molten alloy is solidified;
the photo-thermal vacuum melting method mainly adopts high-temperature light-transmitting glass, a high-temperature plane mirror, a condensing mirror, a hydraulic device, an electromagnetic stirring device, a melting furnace, a temperature sensor, a heat-insulating plate, refractory bricks and a vacuumizing device. The high-temperature plane mirror is provided with a rotating device to realize rotation at a certain angle. The light in the required temperature range passes through the high-temperature light-transmitting glass corresponding to the light, the high-temperature plane mirror corresponding to the high-temperature light-transmitting glass rotates, the light irradiates to the high-temperature plane mirror above, the angle of the high-temperature plane mirror above is adjusted, the light irradiates to the collecting mirror, the collecting mirror collects the light after the circuit is changed again and irradiates to the temperature sensor, and the hydraulic device controls the temperature in the smelting furnace according to the feedback information of the temperature sensor.
The high-temperature plane mirror is provided with a rotating device, and can rotate at a certain angle to realize the conversion of a light path.
The condenser converges the light to make up for partial energy loss of the light in conversion.
The temperature sensor is arranged above the smelting furnace and used for measuring the temperature of the converged light, and the temperature sensor rotates downwards to measure the temperature of the molten liquid after the temperature of the light reaches a target value.
The smelting furnace is placed above the hydraulic device and is adjusted in height along with the hydraulic device.
The electromagnetic stirring devices are arranged on two sides of the smelting furnace and play a role in stirring the molten alloy.
The vacuumizing device is used for vacuumizing the whole photo-thermal device.
Example one
In this example, a bulk a356 aluminum alloy was melted as an example to describe a photothermal vacuum melting method. The specific steps of this example are as follows:
a1, 1000g of block A356 aluminum alloy is put into a melting furnace, the block alloy is slightly higher than the temperature sensor.
And B2, closing the smelting device, starting the vacuumizing device, vacuumizing the inside of the device, setting the target temperature at 750 ℃, transmitting light rays within the range of 700-800 ℃ through the bottommost high-temperature transparent glass, and rotating the corresponding high-temperature plane mirror and the upper high-temperature plane mirror to irradiate the light rays on the condensing lens below. The condenser lens converges the light to irradiate the temperature sensor.
And C3, adjusting the height of the hydraulic system according to the information fed back by the temperature sensor until the temperature of the temperature sensor reaches the target temperature, stopping the hydraulic system, heating the A356 aluminum alloy by light, and rotating the temperature sensor downwards to measure the temperature of the subsequent alloy melt.
D4, when the bulk A356 aluminum alloy began to melt, the electromagnetic stirring was turned on.
E5, when the temperature sensor displays that the temperature of the A356 aluminum alloy solution is constant, keeping the temperature for 30 seconds, stopping heating, and turning all the plane mirrors to the original positions, and meanwhile, turning the temperature sensor to the original positions.
F6, closing the electromagnetic stirring, finishing the photo-thermal vacuum melting experiment, and closing the vacuumizing device after the A356 aluminum alloy is solidified.
G7, analyzing the composition and the structure of the solidified A356 aluminum alloy by a direct-reading spectrometer and a metallographic microscope.
Example two this example illustrates a photothermal vacuum melting process using a356 aluminum alloy with misch metal added as an example. The specific steps of this example are as follows:
a1, putting 60g of block rare earth aluminum alloy (rare earth content 5%) and 940g of block A356 aluminum alloy into a smelting furnace.
B2, closing the smelting device, starting a vacuumizing device, and vacuumizing the interior of the device, wherein the target temperature is set to be 730 ℃; the light within the range of 700 and 800 ℃ penetrates through the bottommost high-temperature transparent glass, and the corresponding high-temperature plane mirror and the upper high-temperature plane mirror rotate to irradiate the light to the lower condenser. The condenser lens converges the light to irradiate the temperature sensor.
And C3, adjusting the height of the hydraulic system according to the information fed back by the temperature sensor until the temperature of the temperature sensor reaches a target temperature, stopping the hydraulic system, heating the blocky rare earth aluminum alloy and the A356 aluminum alloy by light, and rotating the temperature sensor downwards to measure the temperature of the subsequent alloy melt.
D4, when the block alloy begins to melt, the electromagnetic stirring power supply is turned on.
E5, when the temperature sensor displays that the melt temperature is constant, keeping the temperature for 30 seconds, stopping heating, and turning all the plane mirrors back to the original position, and simultaneously turning the temperature sensor back to the original position.
F6, closing the electromagnetic stirring, finishing the photo-thermal vacuum smelting experiment, and closing the vacuumizing device after the alloy melt is solidified.
G7, analyzing the components and the structure of the A356 aluminum alloy added with the rare earth after solidification by a direct-reading spectrometer and a metallographic microscope.
According to the invention, the purpose of smelting the alloy is realized by fully utilizing the converged solar light according to the relevant principles of a high-temperature light-transmitting mirror, a high-temperature plane mirror, a condensing mirror, a temperature sensor and the like, the consumption of energy and resources is greatly reduced, and the purpose of realizing green metallurgy by using clean energy is achieved.
The above embodiments are intended to provide further details of technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved by the present invention, and it should be understood that the above embodiments are only examples of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
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