阅读说明：本技术 一种适合民航空管气象保障的相控阵天气雷达扫描策略 (Phased array weather radar scanning strategy suitable for civil aviation air traffic control meteorological guarantee ) 是由 张兴海 刘新安 李忱 陆建兵 耿利宁 于 2021-10-26 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种适合民航空管气象保障的相控阵天气雷达扫描策略,包括脉内自适应多波束扫描策略,所述脉内自适应多波束扫描策略为将脉内多波束扫描方式和自适应多波束扫描方式结合起来实现脉内自适应多波束的扫描方法,在脉内多波束扫描方式下,多波束的波束指向采用自适应方式确定。本发明减小雷达全空域体积扫描的时间,缩短扫描周期,提高危险天气情况下云雨目标三维结构及其随时间演变变化的精细程度,快速获取全空域气象目标的分布特征参数,提高雷达工作效率。(The invention discloses a phased array weather radar scanning strategy suitable for civil aviation air traffic control meteorological guarantee, which comprises an intra-pulse self-adaptive multi-beam scanning strategy, wherein the intra-pulse self-adaptive multi-beam scanning strategy is a scanning method for realizing intra-pulse self-adaptive multi-beam by combining an intra-pulse multi-beam scanning mode and a self-adaptive multi-beam scanning mode, and the beam direction of multi-beam is determined in the self-adaptive mode in the intra-pulse multi-beam scanning mode. The method reduces the time of radar full airspace volume scanning, shortens the scanning period, improves the three-dimensional structure of the cloud and rain target under the dangerous weather condition and the fineness degree of the cloud and rain target changing along with the time, quickly obtains the distribution characteristic parameters of the full airspace meteorological target, and improves the working efficiency of the radar.)

1. A phased array weather radar scanning strategy suitable for civil aviation air traffic control meteorological guarantee is characterized by comprising an intra-pulse self-adaptive multi-beam scanning strategy, wherein the intra-pulse self-adaptive multi-beam scanning strategy is a scanning method for realizing intra-pulse self-adaptive multi-beam by combining an intra-pulse multi-beam scanning mode and a self-adaptive multi-beam scanning mode, and beam directions of multi-beam are determined in the self-adaptive mode in the intra-pulse multi-beam scanning mode.

2. The phased array weather radar scanning strategy suitable for civil aviation air traffic control meteorological guarantee according to claim 1, wherein the intra-pulse multi-beam scanning mode refers to a scanning method capable of achieving multiple beam directions simultaneously in one pulse repetition period: the signal form of pulse internal multi-beam scanning transmission adopts the pulse signals of continuously transmitting n frequencies in a pulse repetition period, when the pulse signals of each frequency are transmitted, an antenna phase shifter is firstly controlled, the antenna beam points to the expected beam position, then the pulse signals are transmitted, after the n pulse signals are transmitted, all units of the antenna receive echo signals, and different receiving beams are synthesized according to different beam directions pointed by different frequencies during transmission.

3. The phased array weather radar scanning strategy suitable for civil aviation air traffic control weather guarantee according to claim 1, characterized in that the adaptive multi-beam scanning mode is that each beam direction during multi-beam scanning is determined in an adaptive mode, that is, for different weather types, the current beam direction is automatically selected based on radar echo identification, and automatic observation of the weather process is completed.

4. The phased array weather radar scanning strategy suitable for civil aviation air traffic control meteorological guarantee according to claim 1, characterized in that the intra-pulse adaptive multi-beam scanning strategy is implemented in combination with a radar system, the radar system comprises a radar control module, a weather type identification module, a scanning strategy and a scanning strategy storage module, and the method comprises the following steps: starting an intra-arterial self-adaptive scanning strategy by a radar control module, calling a warning scanning strategy stored in a scanning strategy storage module, carrying out warning scanning detection on a full airspace to obtain the meteorological situation of the scanned airspace, calling a weather type identification module to carry out intelligent identification on the echo data of warning scanning, determining the weather type, and then selecting a subsequent detection scanning strategy by the radar control module according to the identified weather type.

5. The phased array weather radar scanning strategy suitable for civil aviation air traffic control meteorological control according to claim 4, wherein if the weather type identification module identifies a strong weather process, the radar control module selects a strong precipitation scanning strategy to observe; if the weather type identification module identifies a weak weather process, the radar control module selects a weak precipitation strategy to observe; if the weather type identification module identifies weather which is easy to generate low-altitude wind shear or no weather process, the radar control module selects a clear-sky scanning strategy to observe the airport runway and the take-off and landing area; in the weather type identification process, whether a strong precipitation scanning strategy or a weak precipitation scanning strategy is adopted, after the execution is completed each time, the weather process within 50km of the radar station needs to be judged, and if the weather process is identified, a zenith strategy is selected for one-time observation; after observation is finished, the weather type identification module identifies the weather type again according to the detection data, the operation is repeated in a circulating way, after the clear air scanning strategy is executed, the weather type identification module automatically identifies whether wind shear exists or whether a potential trend of generating the wind shear exists, and if so, the radar control module continuously calls the clear air scanning strategy to observe; otherwise, determining whether to start the warning strategy according to the time interval configured by the user.

6. The phased array weather radar scanning strategy suitable for civil aviation air traffic control meteorological guarantee according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the radar control module is used for calling and controlling the execution of the scanning strategy matched with the weather type in the execution process of the intra-pulse adaptive multi-beam scanning strategy.

7. The phased array weather radar scanning strategy suitable for civil aviation air traffic control weather guarantee according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the weather type identification module is used for analyzing weather data obtained by each scanning strategy in the execution process of the intra-pulse adaptive multi-beam scanning strategy, and identifying the corresponding weather type according to the characteristic parameters of the weather, wherein the characteristic parameters of the weather are as follows: intensity range in clear sky weather: -20 to +15dBz, speed range: -20 to +20m/s, spectral width range: 0-4 m/s, and the scale range is as follows: 0-30 km; intensity range for strong weather process: +30 to +65dBz, speed range: -60 to +60 m/s, spectral width range: 0-8 m/s, and the scale range is as follows: 10-200 km; intensity range of weak weather process: +15 to +30dBz, speed range: -30 to +30 m/s, spectral width range: 0-8 m/s, and the scale range is as follows: 10-200 km.

8. The phased array weather radar scanning strategy suitable for civil aviation air traffic control meteorological guarantee according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the scanning strategy corresponds to a weather type, and the scanning strategy comprises a warning scanning strategy, a clear air scanning strategy, a strong precipitation scanning strategy, a weak precipitation scanning strategy and a zenith scanning strategy.

9. The phased array weather radar scanning strategy suitable for civil aviation air traffic control meteorological guarantee according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the scanning strategy storage module is used for storing scanning strategies which are formulated in advance according to various types of weather.

Technical Field

The invention relates to radar detection technology, in particular to a phased array weather radar scanning strategy suitable for civil aviation air traffic control meteorological guarantee.

Background

Weather causes are one of the main causes of flight delays. The main weather factors influencing the flight include thundercloud, low cloud, strong wind, thunderstorm, hail, turbulence, ice accumulation above medium level in the cloud, low altitude wind shear, low visibility and the like. Weather radars are the primary devices for observing these meteorological phenomena.

A traditional weather radar adopts a parabolic antenna, only one wave beam is adopted, and the monitoring of meteorological parameters in the whole airspace is completed through three-dimensional scanning. Civil airports also employ such weather radars. In recent years, a four-dimensional flight strategy is proposed for civil aviation, higher requirements are put forward for weather radars of civil aviation airports, and phased array weather radars become the mainstream of next-generation airport weather radars.

Phased array weather radar adopts phased array antenna, can form a plurality of wave beams simultaneously and carry out airspace scanning, can effectively reduce the time that the radar scans in the airspace on year-on-year basis, has parabolic radar incomparable characteristic. The phased array weather radar is used in civil aviation air traffic control weather guarantee, and has the outstanding advantages of fast beam scanning time, free and flexible energy scheduling, high monitoring and measuring efficiency and the like. The phased array weather radar scanning strategy suitable for civil aviation is designed, so that the detection capability of the phased array weather radar can be better exerted, the flight safety is better guaranteed, and the requirement of four-dimensional flight on weather guarantee is met.

The existing airport weather radar has the problems that the scanning period is long and the number of sampling layers is small, so that the detection of a vertical structure of a rapidly-changing precipitation monomer is seriously distorted, the fine structure of the precipitation monomer cannot be obtained, and simultaneously, the detection of medium and small scale weather systems is difficult to realize, especially the detection of aviation dangerous weather such as gust weather, medium scale cyclone, thunderstorm, downburst and the like is difficult to realize. Phased array weather radar adopts full digital phased array technique, solves the meticulous, quick meteorological monitoring service demand in airport terminal area, can effectively realize down beating torrent, the fine detection that short-term small-scale weather such as gust forward carries out, provides the survey data of high spatial-temporal resolution for accurate aviation forecast early warning service, promotes air traffic control support ability, and guarantee passenger plane flight safety has very important meaning to the modernization process that promotes civil aviation meteorological guarantee and service.

The research institute of electronics technology of Rehua, a company of China aviation industry group provides a method and a device for scanning an airborne phased array weather radar, and the airborne phased array weather radar (patent No. CN202010950778.4, published Japanese 20201211), and provides a first scanning parameter for determining first scanning according to the flying height of an airborne aircraft, and then scans the foresight area of the airborne aircraft according to the first scanning parameter to obtain the weather cloud cluster distribution in the foresight area, and sequentially searches for target weather cloud clusters needing secondary scanning from all the weather cloud cluster distributions to determine a second scanning parameter corresponding to the target weather cluster area, wherein the first pitching scanning interval is larger than the second pitching scanning interval, and the like. The method is not suitable for air traffic control meteorological control of civil aviation airports and cannot meet the air traffic control requirement.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a phased array weather radar scanning strategy which is suitable for civil aviation air traffic control weather guarantee, can reduce the scanning time of the radar full airspace volume, shorten the scanning period, improve the three-dimensional structure of a cloud and rain target under the dangerous weather condition and the fineness degree of the cloud and rain target changing along with the time, quickly obtain the distribution characteristic parameters of the full airspace weather target and improve the working efficiency of the radar.

The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.

A phased array weather radar scanning strategy suitable for civil aviation air traffic control meteorological guarantee comprises an intra-pulse self-adaptive multi-beam scanning strategy, wherein the intra-pulse self-adaptive multi-beam scanning strategy is a scanning method for realizing intra-pulse self-adaptive multi-beam by combining an intra-pulse multi-beam scanning mode and a self-adaptive multi-beam scanning mode, and beam directions of multi-beams are determined in the self-adaptive mode in the intra-pulse multi-beam scanning mode.

The intra-pulse multi-beam scanning mode refers to a scanning method capable of realizing multiple beam directions simultaneously in one pulse repetition period: the signal form of pulse internal multi-beam scanning transmission adopts the pulse signals of continuously transmitting n frequencies in a pulse repetition period, when the pulse signals of each frequency are transmitted, an antenna phase shifter is firstly controlled, the antenna beam points to the expected beam position, then the pulse signals are transmitted, after the n pulse signals are transmitted, all units of the antenna receive echo signals, and different receiving beams are synthesized according to different beam directions pointed by different frequencies during transmission.

The self-adaptive multi-beam scanning mode is characterized in that the direction of each beam is determined in a self-adaptive mode during multi-beam scanning, namely, the current beam direction is automatically selected based on radar echo recognition according to different weather types, the weather process is automatically observed, the radar firstly carries out once large-range detection on a full airspace in a self-adaptive multi-beam scanning mode, after observation is finished, the weather type is intelligently recognized by using echo data, and the beam direction during subsequent detection is selected according to a recognition result.

The intra-pulse self-adaptive multi-beam scanning strategy is realized by combining a radar system, the radar system comprises a radar control module, a weather type identification module, a scanning strategy and a scanning strategy storage module, and the method comprises the following steps: starting an intra-arterial self-adaptive scanning strategy by a radar control module, calling a warning scanning strategy stored in a scanning strategy storage module, carrying out warning scanning detection on a full airspace to obtain the meteorological situation of the scanned airspace, calling a weather type identification module to carry out intelligent identification on the echo data of warning scanning, determining the weather type, and then selecting a subsequent detection scanning strategy by the radar control module according to the identified weather type.

If the weather type identification module identifies a strong weather process, the radar control module selects a strong precipitation scanning strategy to observe; if the weather type identification module identifies a weak weather process, the radar control module selects a weak precipitation strategy to observe; if the weather type identification module identifies weather which is easy to generate low-altitude wind shear or no weather process, the radar control module selects a clear-sky scanning strategy to observe the airport runway and the take-off and landing area; in the execution process, whether the strong precipitation scanning strategy or the weak precipitation scanning strategy is adopted, after the execution is finished each time, the weather process within 50km of the radar station needs to be judged, and if the weather process is identified, the zenith strategy is selected for one-time observation; after observation is finished, the weather type identification module identifies the weather type again according to the detection data, the operation is repeated in a circulating way, after the clear air scanning strategy is executed, the weather type identification module automatically identifies whether wind shear exists or whether a potential trend of generating the wind shear exists, and if so, the radar control module continuously calls the clear air scanning strategy to observe; otherwise, determining whether to start the warning strategy according to the time interval configured by the user.

And the radar control module is used for calling and controlling the execution of the scanning strategy matched with the weather type in the intra-pulse self-adaptive multi-beam scanning strategy execution process.

The weather type identification module is used for analyzing weather data acquired by each scanning strategy in the intra-pulse self-adaptive multi-beam scanning strategy execution process, and identifying the corresponding weather type according to the weather characteristic parameters, wherein the weather characteristic parameters are as follows:

。

the scanning strategy corresponds to the weather type, and comprises a warning scanning strategy, a clear sky scanning strategy, a strong precipitation scanning strategy, a weak precipitation scanning strategy and a zenith scanning strategy.

The scanning strategy storage module is used for storing scanning strategies which are made in advance according to various types of weather

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

(1) the method comprises the steps of shortening the full airspace scanning time of the phased array weather radar, and quickly obtaining distribution characteristic parameters of a full airspace meteorological target;

(2) the position of the antenna aperture is reasonably and effectively utilized to realize multi-beam electric scanning, and the working efficiency of the radar is improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a digital phased array weather radar system according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a diagram of intra-pulse adaptive multi-beam timing.

Fig. 3 is an intra-pulse adaptive multi-beam scanning flow chart.

Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating a correspondence relationship between weather types and scanning strategies.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an intra-pulse adaptive five-beam timing.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific examples.

The hardware of a certain phased array weather radar (see figure 1) system is structurally divided into an outdoor part and an indoor part, the outdoor part mainly comprises an antenna pedestal, an antenna array surface (comprising N waveguide slot antennas, a comprehensive network, array surface monitoring, an N-channel digital TR component, 1 monitoring component, an array surface power supply and the like), light transmission and Digital Beam Forming (DBF), and the indoor part comprises signal processing, servo (antenna control), health management (comprising a database), data processing (comprising radar information display and meteorological information processing), a secondary product generation server, and auxiliary equipment such as cables, cabinets, networks and the like.

In order to give full play to the detection capability of a phased array weather radar and better meet the requirements of civil aviation air traffic control meteorological guarantee, the invention provides an intra-pulse self-adaptive multi-beam scanning strategy, which is fused with the whole radar system and is characterized in that: by adopting an intra-pulse self-adaptive multi-beam scanning strategy, the working efficiency of the phased array weather radar is improved, the scanning time of a full airspace is shortened, and the distribution characteristic parameters of the full airspace meteorological target are rapidly obtained.

The core of the intra-pulse self-adaptive multi-beam scanning strategy is a scanning method for realizing intra-pulse self-adaptive multi-beam by combining intra-pulse multi-beam scanning and self-adaptive multi-beam scanning, so that antenna beams can be scanned in a self-adaptive manner when the multi-beam works simultaneously.

The intra-pulse multi-beam scanning mainly refers to a scanning method capable of realizing multiple beam directions simultaneously in one pulse repetition period. The signal form of the intra-pulse multi-beam scanning transmission, as shown in fig. 2, adopts the method of continuously transmitting pulse signals of a plurality of (n) frequencies in one pulse repetition period, and when the pulse signals of each frequency are transmitted, an antenna phase shifter is controlled firstly, the antenna beam is pointed to the expected beam position, and then the pulse signals are transmitted. After the n transmitting pulse signals are transmitted, all the units of the antenna receive echo signals, and different receiving beams are synthesized according to different beam directions pointed by different frequencies during transmission, so that the working efficiency of the antenna can be improved to the maximum extent, and the scanning time of the full-airspace beams is shortened.

The self-adaptive multi-beam scanning mainly means that the direction of each beam is determined in a self-adaptive mode during the multi-beam scanning, namely the current beam direction is automatically selected based on radar echo identification according to different weather types, and the weather process is automatically observed. When the self-adaptive beam scanning mode is adopted, the radar firstly detects the whole airspace in a large range, after the observation is finished, the weather type is intelligently identified by using the echo data, and the beam direction in the subsequent detection is selected according to the identification result.

In the intra-pulse multi-beam scanning mode, the beam direction of the multi-beam is determined in a self-adaptive mode, namely an intra-pulse self-adaptive multi-beam scanning strategy, which is a detection method different from the traditional phased array weather radar working strategy.

The intra-pulse self-adaptive multi-beam scanning strategy provided by the invention is fused with the whole radar system and is mainly realized by the mutual cooperation of a radar control module, a weather type identification module, a scanning strategy and a scanning strategy storage module, and a working flow chart of the intra-pulse self-adaptive multi-beam scanning strategy is shown in figure 3.

Firstly, a radar control module starts an intra-arterial self-adaptive multi-beam scanning strategy, a warning scanning strategy stored in a scanning strategy storage module is called, warning scanning detection is carried out on a full airspace, the meteorological situation of the scanned airspace is obtained, then a weather type identification module is called to carry out intelligent identification on warning scanned echo data, the weather type is determined, then according to the identified weather type, a subsequent detection scanning strategy is selected by the radar control module, and the corresponding relation between the weather type and the scanning strategy is shown in figure 4. If the weather type identification module identifies strong weather processes such as convection clouds, thunderstorms, hailstones and the like, the radar control module selects a strong precipitation scanning strategy to observe; if the weather type identification module identifies the weak weather processes such as layered cloud, snow, light rain and the like, the radar control module selects a weak precipitation strategy to observe; if the weather type identification module identifies weather which is easy to generate low-altitude wind shear, such as micro downburst, gust front and the like or no weather process, the radar control module selects a clear sky scanning strategy to observe the airport runway and the take-off and landing area. In the execution process, whether the strong precipitation scanning strategy or the weak precipitation scanning strategy is adopted, after the execution is finished each time, the weather process within 50km of the radar station needs to be judged, and if the weather process is identified, the zenith strategy is selected for one-time observation; and after the observation is finished, identifying the weather type by the weather type identification module according to the detection data, and repeating the steps in this way. After the clear air scanning strategy is executed, the weather type identification module automatically identifies whether wind shear exists or whether a potential trend of generating wind shear exists, and if so, the radar control module continuously calls the clear air scanning strategy to observe; otherwise, determining whether to start the warning strategy according to the time interval configured by the user.

The radar control module is mainly responsible for calling and controlling and executing the scanning strategy matched with the weather type in the intra-pulse self-adaptive multi-beam scanning strategy executing process.

The weather type identification module is mainly responsible for analyzing weather data acquired by each scanning strategy in the intra-pulse self-adaptive multi-beam scanning strategy execution process, and identifying the corresponding weather type according to the weather characteristic parameters, wherein the weather characteristic parameters are as follows:

。

the scanning strategy corresponds to the weather type and comprises five types, namely a warning scanning strategy, a clear sky scanning strategy, a strong precipitation scanning strategy, a weak precipitation scanning strategy and a zenith scanning strategy.

The scanning strategy storage module is mainly responsible for storing scanning strategies which are made in advance according to various types of weather.

Examples

In order to better meet the requirements of civil aviation air traffic control meteorological guarantee, the radar system is fused with the whole radar system, and a self-adaptive multi-beam scanning strategy is designed. In the adaptive multi-beam scanning strategy, five detection scanning strategies are designed aiming at four different weather processes, namely an alert strategy, a clear sky strategy, a strong precipitation strategy, a weak precipitation strategy and a zenith strategy, and radar parameters corresponding to the scanning strategies are designed as shown in the following table:

。

alert scanning strategy (i):

the scanning strategy detects the measuring range to be 400km, adopts five wave beams in the pulse to realize 10-layer VOL volume scanning, directly covers the elevation angle range of 0.5-10.5 degrees, continuously scans the azimuth of 0-360 degrees, has the azimuth rotating speed of 2 revolutions per minute and consumes 30 seconds in total. And the intensity and position distribution information of the echo is provided, and the method is mainly used for monitoring the weather situation in a large range.

Clear sky scanning strategy II:

the strategy has a detection range of 70km, adopts a working mode of narrow transmitting and narrow receiving single beams, has high weak echo detection capability, and is mainly used for detecting low-altitude wind shear and micro downburst near an airport. The strategy adopts a 25-layer three-dimensional sector scanning strategy, directly covers an elevation angle of 0.5-50 degrees, and realizes the azimuth fast scanning of layering in elevation in the approach area of the airport and the corresponding area of the runway, thereby acquiring the three-dimensional space fine structure information in the designated area, and the total design time is not more than 60 seconds.

Strong precipitation scanning strategy (c):

the maximum detection range of the strategy is 200km, and the working mode of five beams in the pulse is adopted, so that the precise measurement of a meteorological target can be provided, and the method is mainly used for monitoring the weather with strong rainfall. The strategy adopts 25-layer VOL body scanning, directly covers the elevation angles of 0.5-20 degrees, has small sampling gaps among the elevation angles, and has total time consumption of no more than 90 seconds.

Weak precipitation scanning strategy (IV):

the maximum detection range is 200km, a working mode of five wave beams in a pulse is adopted, the precise measurement of a meteorological target is provided, and the method is mainly used for observing weak echoes in a large range. The strategy adopts 25-layer VOL body scanning to cover an observation area of 0.5-20 degrees, realizes seamless coverage of a pitching airspace, and the total time consumption is not more than 90 s.

Zenith scanning strategy:

the strategy has a detection range of 50km, adopts a working mode of five wave beams in a pulse, and is mainly used for observing the weather condition of the local field of the radar station. The strategy adopts a 50-layer VOL body scanning strategy, covers an observation area of 0-50 degrees, continuously scans the azimuth of 0-360 degrees, and has total time consumption not more than 90 s.

As shown in fig. 2: under the control of the radar control module, the system starts a self-adaptive multi-beam scanning strategy, the radar control module firstly calls a warning scanning strategy in the table 2 to perform warning scanning detection on a full airspace to acquire the meteorological situation of the scanned airspace, then calls a weather type identification module to perform intelligent identification on the weather process type according to the radar echo characteristics in the table 1 to determine the weather type, and then selects a subsequent detection scanning strategy in the table 2 by the radar control module according to the identified weather type to finish the automatic observation of the weather process.

As shown in fig. 5: in this embodiment, a pulse signal of five frequencies is continuously transmitted in one pulse repetition period, and when the pulse signal of each frequency is transmitted, the antenna phase shifter is controlled to point the antenna beam to a desired beam position, and the pulse signal is transmitted. After the five transmission pulse signals are transmitted, all the units of the antenna receive echo signals, and different receiving beams are synthesized according to different beam directions pointed by different frequencies during transmission, so that the working efficiency of the antenna can be improved to the maximum extent, and the scanning time of the full-airspace beams is shortened.