阅读说明：本技术 一种钢灰色珍珠的生产方法 (Production method of steel gray pearls ) 是由 童银洪 刘永 纪德安 肖松丰 于 2021-09-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及珍珠养殖技术领域,公开了一种钢灰色珍珠的生产方法,将传统白色淡水蚌壳珠核经过辐照处理加工制作成钢灰色珠核；选择性的剪取分泌钢灰色珍珠质的企鹅珍珠贝外套膜组织制成细胞小片,并将小片和钢灰色珠核植入到企鹅珍珠贝内脏团核位中,经过4～6个月的育珠期,形成钢灰色珍珠。本发明培育的珍珠为独有的钢灰色,丰富了海水珍珠颜色品种,满足人们对特殊颜色珍珠的需求,具有广阔的市场前景。(The invention relates to the technical field of pearl culture, and discloses a production method of steel gray pearls, which comprises the steps of processing traditional white freshwater mussel shell pearl nucleuses into steel gray pearl nucleuses through irradiation treatment; selectively shearing mantle tissues of the pteria penguin secreting steel gray nacres to prepare cell chips, implanting the chips and the steel gray pearl nuclei into visceral nucleus sites of the pteria penguin, and forming the steel gray pearls after 4-6 months of pearl culture period. The pearls cultivated by the method are unique steel gray, the color varieties of seawater pearls are enriched, the requirements of people on pearls with special colors are met, and the method has wide market prospect.)

1. The production method of the steel gray pearls is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) preparing a bead core: selecting a white freshwater mussel shell pearl nucleus, and changing the color of the pearl nucleus into steel gray through irradiation processing to prepare a steel gray pearl nucleus;

(2) preparation of a small piece: selecting 1.5-2 years old small pieces of Pteria penguin, and placing the small pieces of Pteria penguin in an MS-222 seawater solution with the mass fraction of 20-25 mg/L for 30-60 min to enable the small pieces of Pteria penguin to be in an anesthetic state and enable an outer coating of the small pieces of Pteria penguin to lose contractility; cutting the adductor muscle of the small piece of the pteria penguin with a scalpel, separating the two shells, shearing the mantle of the steel gray part of the pearl layer on the inner side of the shell with a pair of surgical scissors, and shearing the mantle into a square with the side length of 2-3 mm to prepare a mantle cell small piece capable of secreting steel gray nacre;

(3) planting nuclei and culturing beads: and (3) implanting the pearl nuclei prepared in the step (1) and the small pieces prepared in the step (2) into visceral masses of pteria penguin by a nucleus implanting technology, and then placing the pearl-breeding shells in sea areas for breeding for 4-6 months, so as to cultivate steel gray pearls.

2. The method for producing steel gray pearls according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the irradiation processing of the pearl nuclei is as follows: placing the selected pearl nuclei in an irradiation device, wherein the irradiation source of the irradiation device is 60-gamma rays, and the source loading is 100-200 ten thousand Curie; the irradiation time of the pearl nucleus is 3-6 h, and the absorbed dose is 6-9 KGy.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of pearl culture, in particular to a production method of steel gray pearls.

Background

Seawater pearls are classified into Nanzhu, Nanyang pearls, black pearls and Pteria penguin pearls according to the species of mother pearls for culturing pearls. The Nanzhu is a pearl cultured by using pinctada martensii, is mainly produced in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan coastal areas of Japan and China, and is mostly white and slightly yellowish. The Nanyang pearl is a pearl cultivated by using nacre, and has golden yellow and silvery white colors. The black pearl is a pearl cultivated by using the black pteria, and has various colors such as peacock green, dark black, purple black and the like.

Pteria penguin is a large seawater mother-of-pearl, which is distributed in Japan, Philippines, and China Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan island. The pearl shells of penguin in China are abundant in resources, and can be cultured in large areas in Zhanjiang Guangdong and North sea areas of Guangxi. The inner side of the shell of the pteria penguin is rich in color, and the color gradually transits from silver white, steel gray to bronze from the inner side to the edge; because the shell tissues secreting nacres with specific colors are not and difficultly selectively cut when the small pieces are prepared according to the traditional method for nucleus planting, the pearl color of the produced pteria penguin is mainly bronze color and a small amount of gray and steel gray. The steel gray pearl is a pearl with a unique color cultivated by using pteria penguin, has strong luster, is very popular and expensive, and is the best product of pearls.

The prior method for obtaining gray pearls mainly comprises natural cultivation and color processing of the obtained pearls. The natural culture method has great uncertainty and extremely low yield. The method for processing the color of the pearl adopts chemical substances to soak the pearl to change the color, so that the chemical substances can be remained on the pearl, the quality of the pearl is influenced, and the color of the pearl is easy to change.

Chinese invention patent CN103461227B (published as 2015, 06 and 10) discloses a silver gray pearl culture solution and a cultivation and growth method thereof, which utilizes raw material components such as 1-5 parts of dried fish scales, 2-5 parts of ginkgo peel, 2-6 parts of white stone, 2-6 parts of dried bovine root, 1-6 parts of parasitic leaves, 1-5 parts of disodium spring caliper triphosphate and the like to respectively prepare the raw material components into aqueous solutions; firstly, soaking the pearl nuclei in a mixed solution of a fish scale solution, a ginkgo biloba bark solution, a white stone solution and a cow root solution at a high temperature for 3-7 hours, taking out the pearl nuclei, and airing for 3-5 hours; soaking the pearl nuclei in the parasitic leaf solution for 3-5 h, taking out the pearl nuclei, and airing for 2-3 h; and finally, immersing the pearl nuclei into 10-20 ml of spring clamp disodium triphosphate release solution, immediately taking out the pearl nuclei, completing the transplantation of the cultivated object into the pearl shells within 1-3 min, and culturing the pearl shells in the sea area for 1-3 years to grow into pearls. The surface of the pearl obtained appears silver gray. According to the patent, the pearl nucleus is treated by the chemical solution and then the pearl shell is implanted, the chemical substances remained on the pearl nucleus can influence the growth of the pearl shell, and the pearl shell secretes nacre to wrap the pearl nucleus to form pearl after the pearl nucleus is implanted into the pearl shell, but the color of the nacre secreted by the pearl shell is not necessarily gray, so that the color of the produced pearl is not obvious.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for producing steel gray pearls which are naturally cultured, have simple steps, do not need subsequent processing and can be directionally produced.

In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a production method of steel gray pearls, which comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing a bead core: selecting a white freshwater mussel shell pearl nucleus, and changing the color of the pearl nucleus into steel gray through irradiation processing to prepare a steel gray pearl nucleus;

(2) preparation of a small piece: selecting 1.5-2 years old small pieces of Pteria penguin, and placing the small pieces of Pteria penguin in an MS-222 seawater solution with the mass fraction of 20-25 mg/L for 30-60 min to enable the small pieces of Pteria penguin to be in an anesthetic state and enable an outer coating of the small pieces of Pteria penguin to lose contractility; cutting the adductor muscle of the small piece of the pteria penguin with a scalpel, separating the two shells, shearing the mantle of the steel gray part of the pearl layer on the inner side of the shell with a pair of surgical scissors, and shearing the mantle into a square with the side length of 2-3 mm to prepare a mantle cell small piece capable of secreting steel gray nacre;

(3) planting nuclei and culturing beads: and (3) implanting the pearl nuclei prepared in the step (1) and the small pieces prepared in the step (2) into visceral masses of pteria penguin by a nucleus implanting technology, and then placing the pearl-breeding shells in sea areas for breeding for 4-6 months, so as to cultivate steel gray pearls.

Preferably, in step (1), the irradiation processing process of the bead core is as follows: placing the selected pearl nuclei in an irradiation device, wherein the irradiation source of the irradiation device is 60-gamma rays, and the source loading is 100-200 ten thousand Curie; the irradiation time of the pearl nucleus is 3-6 h, and the absorbed dose is 6-9 KGy.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

the method uses the steel gray pearl nucleus prepared by irradiation processing and the mantle cell chip secreting the steel gray nacrum prepared by anaesthetizing the small pieces of the pearl shell, and implants the pearl nucleus and the small pieces into the pearl shell for culture by the traditional pearl culture technology, the steps are simple, the pearl collected from the pearl shell is the steel gray, the follow-up color processing of the pearl is not needed, and the steel gray color of the pearl is natural and pure, can not be decolored and has higher value. And the thickness of the pearl layer is controlled by controlling the culture period of the pearl shells, so that the steel gray of the pearl nucleus can be displayed by penetrating through the pearl layer, and then the steel gray of the pearl layer is superposed, thereby producing the pearl with obvious steel gray. The pearls cultivated by the method are unique steel gray, the color varieties of seawater pearls are enriched, the requirements of people on pearls with special colors are met, and the method has wide market prospect. The production method of the steel gray pearls is oriented production, and can ensure the color quality and the mass production of the pearls.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for producing a steel gray pearl according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a graph of the effect of steel gray pearls produced by the method of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

Example one

As shown in fig. 1, the method for producing a steel gray pearl according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing a bead core: selecting a white freshwater mussel shell pearl nucleus, and changing the color of the white freshwater mussel shell pearl nucleus through irradiation processing to prepare a steel gray pearl nucleus; the irradiation processing process of the bead core of the embodiment is as follows: the selected nucleuses are sent into an irradiation device, the irradiation source of the irradiation device is cobalt 60-gamma rays, the source loading is 100 ten thousand Curie, the nucleuses are irradiated for 6 hours, and the actual absorbed dose is 6 KGy.

(2) Preparation of a small piece: selecting 1.5-2 years old small pieces of Pteria penguin, placing the small pieces of Pteria penguin in an MS-222 seawater solution with the mass fraction of 20mg/L for 50-60 min, so that the small pieces of Pteria penguin are in an anesthetic state, the two shells are opened and can not be closed, and the outer envelope membrane loses the contractility; then cutting the adductor muscle of the small piece of the pteria penguin with a scalpel, separating the two shells, shearing the mantle of the steel gray part of the pearl layer on the inner side of the shell with a pair of surgical scissors, and shearing the mantle into a square with the side length of 2-3 mm to prepare the mantle cell small piece capable of secreting the steel gray nacre.

(3) Planting nuclei and culturing beads: and (3) implanting the pearl nuclei prepared in the step (1) and the small pieces prepared in the step (2) into visceral masses of pteria penguin by a nucleus implanting technology, and then placing the pearl-breeding shells in a sea area for breeding for 4 months to cultivate steel gray pearls.

In the step (1), irradiation processing is a comprehensive technology which is efficient, green and safe and relates to multiple subjects, and is widely applied to fresh-keeping storage of agricultural products, foods and medicines. The safety of irradiation processing has already been confirmed by international organizations such as the united nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the like. According to the relevant national standard, the absorbed dose of the irradiated product is below 10KGy, and no radioactive pollution or residue exists. The invention discovers through experiments that the color of the white fresh water pearl or the mussel shell pearl nucleus is changed into light gray, steel gray and dark gray within the irradiation dose range of 3KGy to 10KGy, the smaller the dose, the lighter the color, and the larger the dose, the darker the color. Repeated experiments prove that the white bead nuclei can be changed into steel gray by the irradiation of the dose of 6KGy to 9 KGy.

In step (2) of this example, the chemical name of MS-222, ethyl aminobenzoate methanesulfonate, is the only fishery anesthetic approved by the FDA in the United states for live fish transportation, and is also a good experimental fish operation anesthetic, which is widely used for fish transportation and operation anesthesia. The mantle cell pieces are the main factors influencing the pearl color, the mantle cell pieces at different parts secrete different nacres, and at present, the mantle cell pieces at specific parts secreting specific colors are not cut selectively in the preparation of the pieces, and the reason is that the mantle is severely shrunk by the cutting stimulation, so that the operation is difficult to carry out. Tests prove that MS-222 has a good anesthetic effect on the Pteria penguin, the Pteria penguin can be anesthetized by soaking in MS-222 seawater solution with the mass fraction of 20-25 mg/L for 30-60 min, and the mantle loses the contraction function during the operation; the anesthetized penguin pearl shells can be used for selectively shearing mantle cell slices secreting steel gray nacre to culture steel gray pearls.

In the step (3) of this embodiment, the pearl culturing period of the pearl shell in the sea area is 4-6 months, the thickness of the pearl layer can be controlled to be 0.15-0.2 mm, the steel gray of the pearl nucleus can be ensured to be reflected out through the pearl layer, and the overall steel gray visual effect of the pearl is enhanced. Experiments prove that: the pearl cultivation period is more than 6 months, and when the thickness of the pearl layer exceeds 0.2mm, the steel gray visual effect of the pearl is obviously reduced; the pearl culturing period is shorter than 4 months, the pearl layer is too thin, and the appearance pearl layer is not condensed and is heavy and firm.

Example two

The steps of this example are as follows:

(1) preparing a bead core: selecting a white freshwater mussel shell pearl nucleus, and changing the color of the white freshwater mussel shell pearl nucleus through irradiation processing to prepare a steel gray pearl nucleus; the irradiation processing process of the bead core of the embodiment is as follows: the selected pearl nuclei are sent into an irradiation device, the irradiation source of the irradiation device is cobalt 60-gamma rays, the source loading is 200 ten thousand Curie, the pearl nuclei are irradiated for 3 hours, the actual absorbed dose is 6Kgy, and the irradiation time can be shortened.

(2) Preparation of a small piece: selecting 1.5-2 years old small pieces of Pteria penguin, placing the small pieces of Pteria penguin in an MS-222 seawater solution with the mass fraction of 20mg/L for 50-60 min, so that the small pieces of Pteria penguin are in an anesthetic state, the two shells are opened and can not be closed, and the outer envelope membrane loses the contractility; then cutting the adductor muscle of the small piece of the pteria penguin with a scalpel, separating the two shells, shearing the mantle of the steel gray part of the pearl layer on the inner side of the shell with a pair of surgical scissors, and shearing the mantle into a square with the side length of 2-3 mm to prepare the mantle cell small piece capable of secreting the steel gray nacre.

(3) Planting nuclei and culturing beads: and (3) implanting the pearl nuclei prepared in the step (1) and the small pieces prepared in the step (2) into visceral masses of pteria penguin by a nucleus implanting technology, and then placing the pearl-breeding shells in a sea area for breeding for 6 months to cultivate steel gray pearls.

EXAMPLE III

The steps of this example are as follows:

(1) preparing a bead core: selecting a white freshwater mussel shell pearl nucleus, and changing the color of the white freshwater mussel shell pearl nucleus through irradiation processing to prepare a steel gray pearl nucleus; the irradiation processing process of the bead core of the embodiment is as follows: the selected pearl nuclei are sent into an irradiation device, the irradiation source of the irradiation device is cobalt 60-gamma rays, the source loading is 100 ten thousand Curie, the pearl nuclei are irradiated for 9 hours, and the actual absorbed dose is 9 KGy.

(2) Preparation of a small piece: selecting 1.5-2 years old small pieces of Pteria penguin, placing the small pieces of Pteria penguin in an MS-222 seawater solution with the mass fraction of 25mg/L for 30-40 min, so that the small pieces of Pteria penguin are in an anesthetic state, the two shells are opened and can not be closed, and the outer envelope membrane loses the contractility; then cutting the adductor muscle of the small piece of the pteria penguin with a scalpel, separating the two shells, shearing the mantle of the steel gray part of the pearl layer on the inner side of the shell with a pair of surgical scissors, and shearing the mantle into a square with the side length of 2-3 mm to prepare the mantle cell small piece capable of secreting the steel gray nacre.

(3) Planting nuclei and culturing beads: and (3) implanting the pearl nuclei prepared in the step (1) and the small pieces prepared in the step (2) into visceral masses of pteria penguin by a nucleus implanting technology, and then placing the pearl-breeding shells in a sea area for breeding for 4 months to cultivate steel gray pearls.

Example four

(1) Preparing a bead core: selecting a white freshwater mussel shell pearl nucleus, and changing the color of the white freshwater mussel shell pearl nucleus through irradiation processing to prepare a steel gray pearl nucleus; the irradiation processing process of the bead core of the embodiment is as follows: and (3) feeding the selected pearl nuclei into an irradiation device, wherein the irradiation source of the irradiation device is cobalt 60-gamma rays, the source loading is 200 ten thousand Curie, the pearl nuclei are irradiated for 4.5h, and the actual absorbed dose is 9 KGy.

(2) Preparation of a small piece: selecting 1.5-2 years old small pieces of Pteria penguin, placing the small pieces of Pteria penguin in an MS-222 seawater solution with the mass fraction of 25mg/L for 30-40 min, so that the small pieces of Pteria penguin are in an anesthetic state, the two shells are opened and can not be closed, and the outer envelope membrane loses the contractility; then cutting the adductor muscle of the small piece of the pteria penguin with a scalpel, separating the two shells, shearing the mantle of the steel gray part of the pearl layer on the inner side of the shell with a pair of surgical scissors, and shearing the mantle into a square with the side length of 2-3 mm to prepare the mantle cell small piece capable of secreting the steel gray nacre.

(3) Planting nuclei and culturing beads: and (3) implanting the pearl nuclei prepared in the step (1) and the small pieces prepared in the step (2) into visceral masses of pteria penguin by a nucleus implanting technology, and then placing the pearl-breeding shells in a sea area for breeding for 5 months to cultivate steel gray pearls.

In summary, the embodiment of the invention provides a method for producing a steel gray pearl, which comprises the steps of implanting a pearl nucleus and a small piece of mantle cell secreting steel gray nacre prepared by anesthetizing the small piece of pearl shell into a pearl shell for culturing by using a traditional pearl culture technology, wherein the steps are simple, the pearl collected from the pearl shell is the steel gray, the follow-up color processing of the pearl is not needed, and the steel gray color of the pearl is natural and pure, can not be decolored and has higher value. In addition, the embodiment of the invention controls the thickness of the pearl layer by controlling the culture period of the pearl shells, so that the steel gray of the pearl nucleus can be displayed through the pearl layer, and then the steel gray of the pearl layer is superposed, thereby producing the pearls with obvious steel gray. The pearls cultivated by the embodiment of the invention are unique steel gray, the color varieties of seawater pearls are enriched, the requirements of people on pearls with special colors are met, and the market prospect is wide. The production method of the steel gray pearls is oriented production, and can ensure the color quality and the mass production of the pearls.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and substitutions should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.