阅读说明：本技术 一种高边坡施工过程中动态监测方法及预警系统 (Dynamic monitoring method and early warning system in high slope construction process ) 是由 范诗建 王晋 陈聪 于 2021-07-12 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及边坡监测技术领域,提供一种高边坡施工过程中动态监测方法及预警系统,所述监测方法的步骤为：利用三维地质建模软件建立高边坡的三维高程模型,并导出有限元软件可识别的数据接口文件；用有限元程序对高边坡的稳定性进行模拟分析；构件边界条件,自重应力场并根据强度折减法和极限平衡法分析得到高边坡潜在滑移面,建立高边坡监测范围及水平位移监测网；在高边坡监测范围及水平位移监测网内设置仪器进行动态检测；本发明所采的高边坡自动监测系统采用物联网感知技术自动化实时监测边坡参数,减少了人工成本与危险作业因素,同时利用多种类型传感器多参数采集边坡的各类岩土力学参数,提高了滑坡风险预报的及时性、可靠性及稳定性。(The invention relates to the technical field of slope monitoring, and provides a dynamic monitoring method and an early warning system in a high slope construction process, wherein the monitoring method comprises the following steps: establishing a three-dimensional elevation model of the high slope by using three-dimensional geological modeling software, and exporting a data interface file which can be identified by finite element software; carrying out simulation analysis on the stability of the high slope by using a finite element program; analyzing a component boundary condition, a dead weight stress field according to a strength reduction method and a limit balance method to obtain a high slope potential slip surface, and establishing a high slope monitoring range and a horizontal displacement monitoring network; setting instruments in the high slope monitoring range and the horizontal displacement monitoring network for dynamic detection; the automatic monitoring system for the high slope adopts the sensing technology of the Internet of things to automatically monitor the slope parameters in real time, reduces labor cost and dangerous operation factors, and simultaneously utilizes multiple types of sensors to collect various rock-soil mechanical parameters of the slope in multiple parameters, thereby improving timeliness, reliability and stability of landslide risk prediction.)

1. A dynamic monitoring method in a high slope construction process is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) establishing a three-dimensional elevation model of the high slope by using three-dimensional geological modeling software, and exporting a data interface file which can be identified by finite element software;

(2) carrying out simulation analysis on the stability of the high slope by using a finite element program;

(3) constructing a boundary condition, analyzing a self-weight stress field according to a strength reduction method and a limit balance method to obtain a potential slip surface of the high slope, and establishing a monitoring range of the high slope and a horizontal displacement monitoring network;

(4) and arranging instruments in the high slope monitoring range and the horizontal displacement monitoring network for dynamic detection.

2. The method for dynamically monitoring the high slope construction process according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the simulation analysis comprises analysis of initial ground stress field and analysis of deformation, stress and plasticity under the action of construction process load.

3. The dynamic monitoring method for the high slope construction process according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), at least one GNSS measuring instrument displacement reference point is arranged on the top position of the high slope by the horizontal displacement monitoring network, and initial elevation coordinate parameters are set.

4. The dynamic monitoring method for high slope construction according to claim 1, wherein in step (4), at least three sets of inclinometers are arranged at one end of the horizontal displacement detection net close to the top of the high slope, the inclinometers are inserted into the sliding surface of the high slope along the sliding body, and a set of inclinometers are arranged inside the inclinometers according to the depth of the soil body to be measured.

5. The dynamic monitoring method for the high slope construction process according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), a rainfall meter, a seepage flow monitor and a pore water pressure monitor are arranged in the high slope monitoring range.

6. The dynamic monitoring method in the high slope construction process according to claim 1, wherein the horizontal distance between the base points of the horizontal displacement monitoring net is set to be 20m, and the base points of the horizontal displacement monitoring net are arranged from the top of the high slope to the tail of the high slope.

7. A dynamic monitoring and early warning system in the process of high slope construction, which can realize the dynamic monitoring method of claims 1-6, characterized in that the early warning system comprises a data source monitoring unit, a cloud platform processing unit and an alarm unit, wherein a data collector and a communication module are arranged in the data source monitoring unit, the data collector automatically collects the data of a GNSS measuring instrument, an inclinometer, a rainfall gauge, a seepage flow monitor and a pore water pressure monitor, the data collector transmits the data to the cloud platform processing unit through a communication module, the cloud platform processing unit comprises a receiving module, a storage module, a data noise reduction/analysis module, an early warning module and a transmitting module, the receiving module receives the data in the data collector and transmits the data to the storage module for data storage, the storage module transmits the data to the data noise reduction/analysis module, the data noise reduction/analysis module sends an analysis result to the early warning module, the early warning module automatically warns according to the data analyzed by the noise reduction/analysis module, the early warning module is connected with the sending module, the sending module triggers the warning unit, the warning unit comprises a field alarm and a mobile terminal, and the field alarm and the mobile terminal are triggered simultaneously.

8. The warning system of claim 7 wherein the first level warning value of the three level warning mechanism is 80% control over a specified normal range for a single sensor;

the second-stage early warning value of the third-stage early warning mechanism is that a single sensor is controlled to exceed a normal range;

the third-level early warning value of the third-level early warning mechanism is that two or more sensors give an alarm at the same time;

the third-level early warning instruction can trigger an alarm mechanism, and the alarm instruction can be transmitted to a field alarm through a GPRS network to prompt field personnel to evacuate.

9. The dynamic monitoring method in the high slope construction process according to claim 7, wherein the early warning content of the early warning module includes that abnormal condition information is sent when the deviation between the monitored actual coordinates and elevation and the initial coordinates and elevation exceeds a specified range or the monitored deep level displacement and hydraulics parameters exceed a specified normal range.

10. The dynamic monitoring method in the high slope construction process according to claim 7, wherein the data collector is powered by a solar panel, and the data source monitoring unit transmits data to the cloud platform processing unit through a GPRS network.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of slope monitoring, in particular to an automatic monitoring technology and a data processing and early warning system for a high slope construction process.

Background

With the development of economy in China, a large number of slope engineering projects are brought by emerging capital construction requirements. Accidents such as collapse, landslide and the like in the process of side slope management construction often bring engineering economic loss and casualties. The accident causes are both human factors and natural causes; the collapse is caused by human factors such as large dosage of stone blasting during slope excavation; after the side slope is excavated, corresponding protection measures are not provided, so that the side slope is exposed in the air, and the side slope is subjected to physical change and unstable collapse due to the action of natural factors in a large area for a long time. Natural factors such as abundant rainfall during construction; the soil structure of the side slope is soft, and the soil body loses balance force after excavation to cause slippage and overturning; the lithology of the side slope foundation is shale or the interlayer soil is expansive soil, and the soil expands when meeting water after rainfall to cause collapse; the side slope has abundant underground water, and the footings collapse caused by long-term soaking. For example, chinese patent document CN111412890A discloses a high slope monitoring method, which establishes monitoring points in the project construction area; arranging more than 3 level reference points at different heights in the project construction area range to form a vertical displacement monitoring network, and arranging more than 3 plane reference points in the project construction area range to form a plane displacement monitoring network by taking a construction plane coordinate system as a reference; observing according to precise triangulation elevation measurement by adopting a precise total station with nominal precision, and periodically observing each point to obtain the settlement change of each deformation observation point; slope monitoring generally adopts total powerstation or measuring tape to carry out manual measurement, and there is big or monitoring frequency low grade problem in manual operation and can lead to the early warning of side slope calamity to lag, has certain potential safety hazard. The dynamic monitoring of the side slope is an effective means for realizing the informationized digital construction and avoiding the occurrence of accidents, and is an important method for perfecting and developing the design theory, the design method and improving the construction level. The automatic monitoring of the slope engineering can provide feedback information for the construction of the slope engineering in time, and has good benefits for improving the construction safety, the construction efficiency and the quality.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a dynamic monitoring method and an early warning system in a high slope construction process, which can automatically monitor the slope construction process in real time and comprehensively know the condition of a slope so as to solve the problems.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

the invention provides a dynamic monitoring method and an early warning system in a high slope construction process, wherein the monitoring method comprises the following steps:

(1) establishing a three-dimensional elevation model of the high slope by using three-dimensional geological modeling software, and exporting a data interface file which can be identified by finite element software;

(2) carrying out simulation analysis on the stability of the high slope by using a finite element program;

(3) analyzing a component boundary condition, a dead weight stress field according to a strength reduction method and a limit balance method to obtain a high slope potential slip surface, and establishing a high slope monitoring range and a horizontal displacement monitoring network;

(4) and arranging instruments in the high slope monitoring range and the horizontal displacement monitoring network for dynamic detection.

Preferably, the boundary condition of the component and the deadweight stress field are set as initial conditions in a finite element calculation formula, are determined by actual slope geological conditions, and have the function that the finite element calculation can be converged.

Preferably, the three-dimensional geological modeling software may be CAD software or godad software.

Preferably, the finite element software may be ABAQUS software.

Preferably, the intensity reduction method theory performs reduction operation on the cohesive force and the internal friction angle.

Preferably, the three-dimensional finite element strength reduction method and the failure criterion formula are as follows:

wherein the content of the first and second substances,the internal friction angle c is the cohesive force,the internal friction angle c' after the reduction is the cohesive force after the reduction, and the value of K is 0.5-1.0.

Further, in the step (2), the simulation analysis comprises the analysis of an initial ground stress field and the analysis of deformation, stress and plasticity states under the action of construction process loads.

Further, in the step (4), at least one displacement reference point of the GNSS measuring instrument is arranged at the top position of the high slope by the horizontal displacement monitoring network, an initial elevation coordinate parameter is set, and the GNSS measuring instrument collects horizontal displacement data of the reference point in real time.

Furthermore, in the step (4), at least three groups of inclinometers are arranged at one end of the horizontal displacement detection net close to the top of the high slope, the inclinometers are inserted into the sliding surface of the high slope along the sliding slope body, a group of inclinometers are arranged inside the inclinometers according to the measured soil depth, and the inclinometers are connected with the data acquisition unit to automatically acquire the horizontal displacement data of the slope depth in real time.

Further, in step (4), rainfall appearance, seepage flow monitor and pore water pressure monitor are arranged in the high slope monitoring range, and data collection station is all connected to rainfall appearance, seepage flow monitor and pore water pressure monitor, acquires hydraulics parameters such as rainfall, seepage flow and pore water pressure data in real time automatically.

Preferably, the rainfall gauge base is fixed by a concrete protection pier, and the seepage flow monitor is buried through drilling.

Preferably, a sensor monitoring point location and an alarm device are arranged in the horizontal monitoring network, the sensor is installed on the concrete protection pier, and the concrete protection pier is arranged on a hard rock stratum or is connected with a steel member and inserted into the hard soil layer.

Further, a horizontal displacement monitoring net is established in the vertical projection range of the potential slip surface of the high slope, the horizontal distance between each base point of the horizontal displacement monitoring net is set to be 20m, and each base point of the horizontal displacement monitoring net is arranged from the top of the high slope to the tail of the high slope.

Further, the dynamic monitoring and early warning system in the high slope construction process comprises a data source monitoring unit, a cloud platform processing unit and an alarm unit, wherein a data collector and a communication module are arranged in the data source monitoring unit, the data collector automatically collects data of a GNSS measuring instrument, an inclinometer, a rainfall instrument, a seepage flow monitor and a pore water pressure monitor, the data collector transmits the data to the cloud platform processing unit through the communication module, the cloud platform processing unit comprises a receiving module, a storage module, a data noise reduction/analysis module, an early warning module and a sending module, the receiving module receives the data in the data collector and sends the data to the storage module for data storage, the storage module transmits the data to the data noise reduction/analysis module, and the data noise reduction/analysis module sends an analysis result to the early warning module, the early warning module automatically warns according to the data analyzed by the noise reduction/analysis module, the early warning module is connected with the sending module, the sending module triggers an alarm unit, the alarm unit comprises a field alarm and a mobile terminal, and the field alarm and the mobile terminal are triggered simultaneously.

Furthermore, the first-stage early warning value of the three-stage early warning mechanism is that a single sensor is controlled by 80% of the specified normal range;

the second-stage early warning value of the third-stage early warning mechanism is that a single sensor is controlled to exceed a normal range;

the third-level early warning value of the third-level early warning mechanism is that two or more sensors give an alarm at the same time;

the third-level early warning instruction can trigger an alarm mechanism, and the alarm instruction can be transmitted to a field alarm through a GPRS network to prompt field personnel to evacuate.

Further, the early warning content of the early warning module comprises that abnormal condition information is sent when the deviation between the monitored actual coordinate and elevation and the initial coordinate and elevation exceeds a specified range or the monitored deep horizontal displacement and hydraulics parameters exceed a specified normal range.

Furthermore, the data collector is powered by a solar panel, and the data source monitoring unit transmits data to the cloud platform processing unit through a GPRS network.

Preferably, the inspection of the working conditions and the protection conditions of the measuring reference points, the monitoring points and the monitoring components and parts should be regularly carried out, so that the monitoring precision is ensured.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) the automatic monitoring system for the high slope adopts the sensing technology of the Internet of things to automatically monitor the slope parameters in real time, reduces labor cost and dangerous operation factors, and simultaneously utilizes multiple types of sensors to collect various rock-soil mechanical parameters of the slope in multiple parameters, thereby improving timeliness, reliability and stability of landslide risk prediction.

(2) The invention reduces errors and manpower usage amount in the traditional manual detection process, meanwhile, field instrument equipment can acquire data in real time in a severe working environment, and the invention has the functions of data processing and automatic alarming, arrangement schemes of detection sensors with different types such as surface displacement, deep horizontal displacement, hydraulics and the like, and a multi-source data three-level automatic early warning system further improve the accuracy and reliability of slope disaster prevention and control.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the monitoring method of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a diagram of the present invention in a fixed inclinometer configuration.

FIG. 3 is a layout diagram of the GNSS, pore water pressure gauge and alarm of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a flow chart of the architecture of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it should be noted that the embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and should not be considered as limiting the invention, and the purpose of the embodiments is to make those skilled in the art better understand and reproduce the technical solutions of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the scope defined by the claims.

As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a dynamic monitoring method and an early warning system in a high slope construction process, which are characterized in that the monitoring method comprises the following steps:

s1, establishing a three-dimensional elevation model of the high slope by using three-dimensional geological modeling software, and exporting a data interface file which can be identified by finite element software;

preferably, the three-dimensional geological modeling software may be CAD software or godad software.

Preferably, the finite element software may be ABAQUS software.

S2, performing simulation analysis on the stability of the high slope by using a finite element program;

the simulation analysis comprises the analysis of an initial ground stress field and the analysis of deformation, stress and plastic states under the action of construction process loads.

S3, analyzing a component boundary condition and a self-weight stress field according to a strength reduction method and a limit balance method to obtain a high slope potential slip surface 3, and establishing a high slope monitoring range and a horizontal displacement monitoring network 1;

and S4, setting an instrument in the high slope monitoring range and the horizontal displacement monitoring network 1 for dynamic detection.

In some preferred schemes, a horizontal displacement monitoring net is established in the vertical projection range of the high slope potential slip surface 3, the horizontal distance between each base point of the horizontal displacement monitoring net is set to be 20m, and each base point of the horizontal displacement monitoring net is arranged from the top of a high slope to the tail of the slope.

As shown in fig. 2-3, at least one GNSS measurement instrument displacement reference point is arranged at a top position of a high slope by the horizontal displacement monitoring network 1, an initial elevation coordinate parameter is set, and the GNSS measurement instrument 8 acquires reference point horizontal displacement data in real time.

The horizontal displacement detection net is close to one end of a high slope top and is at least provided with three groups of inclinometers, the inclinometers 7 are inserted into the potential slip surface 3 of the high slope along a slip mass, a group of inclinometers 6 are arranged inside the inclinometers 7 according to the measured soil depth, and the inclinometers 6 are all connected with a data acquisition unit to automatically acquire the horizontal displacement data of the slope depth in real time.

In fig. 2, reference numeral 2 denotes a high slope base, reference numeral 4 denotes a high slope body, and a high slope potential slip surface 3 having a certain shape is formed on an upper surface of the high slope base 2, and when the high slope slips, the high slope body 4 may slip wholly or partially along the high slope potential slip surface 3.

The rainfall gauge 11, the seepage flow monitor 12 and the pore water pressure monitor are arranged in the high slope monitoring range, the rainfall gauge 11, the seepage flow monitor 12 and the pore water pressure monitor are all connected with a data acquisition unit, and hydraulic parameters such as rainfall, seepage flow and pore water pressure data are automatically acquired in real time.

Preferably, the rain gauge base is fixed by a concrete protection pier 9, and the seepage flow monitor is buried by drilling.

Preferably, a sensor monitoring point position and an alarm device are arranged in the horizontal monitoring network, the sensor is installed on the concrete protection pier 9, and the concrete protection pier 9 is arranged on a hard rock stratum or the concrete protection pier 9 is connected with a steel member and inserted into the hard soil layer.

As shown in fig. 4, the early warning system includes a data source monitoring unit, a cloud platform processing unit and an alarm unit, a data collector and a communication module are arranged in the data source monitoring unit, the data collector automatically collects data of a GNSS measuring instrument, an inclinometer, a rain gauge, a seepage monitor and a pore water pressure monitor, the data collector transmits the data to the cloud platform processing unit through a communication module, the cloud platform processing unit includes a receiving module, a storage module, a data noise reduction/analysis module, an early warning module and a sending module, the receiving module receives the data in the data collector and sends the data to the storage module for data storage, the storage module transmits the data to the data noise reduction/analysis module, the data noise reduction/analysis module sends an analysis result to the early warning module, and the early warning module automatically warns according to the data analyzed by the noise reduction/analysis module, the early warning module is connected with the sending module, the sending module triggers the alarm unit, the alarm unit comprises a field alarm and a mobile terminal, and the field alarm and the mobile terminal are triggered simultaneously.

In some preferred schemes, the first-stage early warning value of the three-stage early warning mechanism is that a single sensor is controlled by 80% of the specified normal range;

the second-stage early warning value of the third-stage early warning mechanism is that a single sensor is controlled to exceed a normal range;

the third-level early warning value of the third-level early warning mechanism is that two or more sensors give an alarm at the same time;

the third-level early warning instruction triggers an alarm mechanism, and the alarm instruction is transmitted to the field alarm 10 through the GPRS network to prompt field personnel to evacuate.

In some preferable schemes, the early warning content of the early warning module includes that abnormal condition information is sent when the deviation between the monitored actual coordinate and elevation and the initial coordinate and elevation exceeds a specified range or the monitored deep horizontal displacement and hydraulics parameters exceed a specified normal range.

In some preferred schemes, the data collector is powered by a solar panel 5, and the data source monitoring unit transmits data to the cloud platform processing unit through a GPRS network.

Preferably, the inspection of the working conditions and the protection conditions of the measuring reference points, the monitoring points and the monitoring components and parts should be regularly carried out, so that the monitoring precision is ensured.

While the preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the application.