阅读说明：本技术 水溶性脂肪酸的制备工艺 (Preparation process of water-soluble fatty acid ) 是由 马长宏 于 2021-08-25 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种水溶性脂肪酸的制备工艺,包括如下步骤：S1、制备游离脂肪酸；S2、移取5毫升100mmol·L～(-1)或者200 mmol·L～(-1)的精氨酸水溶液至血清瓶中；称取步骤S1中制得的游离脂肪酸加入到精氨酸水溶液中,加入磁力搅拌子搅拌,可加热溶解,制得水溶性脂肪酸。本发明的有益效果是：采用碱性条件下水解脂肪酸甘油酯来制备游离脂肪酸,同时将制备的游离脂肪酸在水溶液体系中与生物分子如碱性氨基酸(精氨酸、赖氨酸)等形成两亲分子离子对,通过非共价键的弱相互作用形成胶束、囊泡及乳液等自组装结构,大幅度增加了脂肪酸在水溶液体系中的溶解度,从而达到拓展脂肪酸实际应用范围的目的。(The invention discloses a preparation process of water-soluble fatty acid, which comprises the following steps: s1, preparing free fatty acid; s2, transferring 5ml of 100 mmol. L ‑1 Or 200 mmol. L ‑1 The aqueous solution of arginine into a serum bottle; and (4) weighing the free fatty acid prepared in the step (S1), adding the free fatty acid into the arginine aqueous solution, adding a magnetic stirrer, stirring, and heating to dissolve to prepare the water-soluble fatty acid. The invention has the beneficial effects that: hydrolyzing fatty glyceride under alkaline condition to prepare free fatty acid, forming amphiphilic molecular ion pair with biomolecules such as basic amino acid (arginine, lysine) in water solution system, and forming micelle by weak interaction of non-covalent bondThe self-assembly structures such as vesicles and emulsion greatly increase the solubility of fatty acid in an aqueous solution system, thereby achieving the purpose of expanding the actual application range of fatty acid.)

1. A preparation process of water-soluble fatty acid is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

s1, preparation of free fatty acids:

s11, weighing 10.0g of winterized oil, and adding 30 mL of 15% NaOH solution;

s12, placing the mixture in a water bath at 60 ℃ for saponification for 5 hours until the saponification reaction is complete;

s13, after complete saponification, concentrated hydrochloric acid is dripped to neutralize excessive alkali to adjust the pH value to be neutral, at the moment, saponified substance fatty acid sodium salt aggregates in groups, the lower-layer water phase is absorbed, and the water phase is washed for 2 times by pure water to remove water-soluble impurities such as byproduct glycerol;

s14, dispersing the washed sodium fatty acid in about 50mL of water, continuously adding acid for acidification, adjusting the pH value to 1-2, continuously stirring for dispersion, and finally standing for layering, wherein the upper layer is oily free fatty acid;

s15, sucking off the lower water phase, washing twice with pure water, and finally adding anhydrous Na₂SO₄Removing residual moisture;

s2, transferring 5ml of 100 mmol. L^-1Or 200 mmol. L^-1The aqueous solution of arginine into a serum bottle;

and (4) weighing the free fatty acid prepared in the step (S1), adding the free fatty acid into the arginine aqueous solution, adding a magnetic stirrer, stirring, and heating to dissolve to prepare the water-soluble fatty acid.

2. The process for producing a water-soluble fatty acid according to claim 1, wherein: the addition amount of the NaOH solution in the step S11 is 2-3 times of the saponification value of 10.0g of winterized oil.

3. The process for producing a water-soluble fatty acid according to claim 1, wherein: in the saponification step of S12, 1-2 drops of saponification solution can be added with water, and if no oil drops appear and the saponification reaction is homogeneous, the saponification reaction can be judged to be complete.

4. The process for producing a water-soluble fatty acid according to claim 1, wherein: in the pure water cleaning process in step S13, care should be taken not to stir excessively, so as to avoid emulsification and loss of fatty acids.

5. The process for producing a water-soluble fatty acid according to claim 1, wherein: the method for measuring the saponification value of the winterized oil comprises the following steps:

weighing 2 g of winterized oil sample, accurately obtaining the winterized oil sample to be 0.005 g, adding 25.0mL of potassium hydroxide-ethanol solution into the sample by using a pipette, adding a boiling assisting substance, connecting a reflux condenser tube and a conical flask, putting the conical flask on a heating device, slowly boiling, shaking at intervals, and keeping the grease in a boiling state for 1.5 hours;

adding 0.5mL of 0.1% phenolphthalein indicator into the hot solution, and titrating with a hydrochloric acid standard solution until the pink color of the indicator just disappears;

a blank test is carried out by using 25.0mL of potassium hydroxide-ethanol solution without adding a sample;

the saponification value of the sample was calculated as follows:

is, the saponification value Is calculated by KOH, and the unit Is milligram per gram, namely mg/g;

v0 volume of hydrochloric acid standard solution consumed in the blank test in milliliters (mL);

v1 volume of hydrochloric acid standard latent liquid consumed by the sample, the unit is milliliter (mL);

c, the molar concentration of the hydrochloric acid standard solution is expressed in moL per liter, namely moL/L;

m: the mass of the sample, in grams, is g;

the arithmetic mean of the two measurements was taken as the measurement result.

6. The process for producing a water-soluble fatty acid according to claim 1, wherein: the determination of the acid value of the free fatty acid comprises the following steps:

taking a clean 250mL conical flask, weighing 0.5 g of prepared grease sample of free fatty acid by using a balance; another clean 250mL conical flask is taken, 50mL of 95% ethanol is added, 0.5mL of 1% phenolphthalein indicator is added, and then the conical flask is placed in a water bath at 90 ℃ to be heated until the ethanol is slightly boiled;

taking out the conical flask, immediately titrating the ethanol by using a KOH standard titration solution when the temperature of the ethanol is still maintained to be more than 70 ℃;

when the ethanol is reddish at first and has no obvious color fading within 15s, immediately stopping titration, and neutralizing the acidity of the ethanol;

pouring the neutralized ethanol solution into a conical flask filled with a sample immediately when the neutralized ethanol solution is hot, then putting the conical flask into a water bath at 90-100 ℃ for heating until the ethanol boils slightly, and violently shaking the conical flask to form suspension;

finally, taking out the conical flask, immediately titrating the hot ethanol suspension of the sample by using a KOH standard titration solution while the conical flask is hot, immediately stopping titration when the sample solution is reddish at the beginning and no obvious color fading exists within 15s, and recording the milliliter number of the standard titration solution consumed by the titration, wherein the numerical value is V;

the acid value is also called acid value, and is calculated according to the following formula:

in the formula:

X_AV: acid value in milligrams per gram, i.e., mg/g;

v: the volume of the standard KOH titration solution consumed by the sample is measured, and the unit is milliliter (mL);

v0: the volume of standard KOH titration solution consumed for the corresponding blank assay in milliliters, i.e., mL, where V0= 0;

c: the molar concentration of a standard KOH titration solution is expressed in units of mol per liter, namely mol/L;

56.1: the molar mass of potassium hydroxide, in grams per mole, i.e., g/mol;

m: the oil sample is weighed and has the unit of gram, namely g.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of water-soluble fatty acid, and particularly relates to a preparation process of water-soluble fatty acid.

Background

Free fatty acids are a class of organic acids, abbreviated: FFA. Lipids present in the human body are roughly classified into 3 types, such as cholesterol, neutral fat (triglyceride), and phospholipid. Free fatty acids are one of the substances into which neutral fats are decomposed. When the free fatty acid is used for preparing the water-soluble fatty acid, the solubility of the free fatty acid in an aqueous solution system is low, so that the practical application range of the free fatty acid is narrow, and therefore, a preparation process of the water-soluble fatty acid is provided.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provides a preparation process of water-soluble fatty acid.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a preparation process of water-soluble fatty acid comprises the following steps:

s1, preparation of free fatty acids:

s11, weighing 10.0g of winterized oil (provided by Tianky company), and adding 30 mL of 15% NaOH solution;

s12, placing the mixture in a water bath at 60 ℃ for saponification for 5 hours until the saponification reaction is complete;

s13, after complete saponification, concentrated hydrochloric acid is dripped to neutralize excessive alkali to adjust the pH value to be neutral, at the moment, saponified substance fatty acid sodium salt aggregates in groups, the lower-layer water phase is absorbed, and the water phase is washed for 2 times by pure water to remove water-soluble impurities such as byproduct glycerol;

s14, dispersing the washed sodium fatty acid in about 50mL of water, continuously adding acid for acidification, adjusting the pH value to 1-2, continuously stirring for dispersion, and finally standing for layering, wherein the upper layer is oily free fatty acid;

s15, sucking off the lower water phase, washing twice with pure water, and finally adding anhydrous Na₂SO₄Removing residual moisture;

s2, transferring 5ml of 100 mmol. L^-1Or 200 mmol. L^-1Into a serum bottle;

and (4) weighing the free fatty acid prepared in the step (S1), adding the free fatty acid into the arginine aqueous solution, adding a magnetic stirrer, stirring, and heating to dissolve to prepare the water-soluble fatty acid.

The addition amount of the NaOH solution in the step S11 is 2-3 times of the saponification value of 10.0g of winterized oil.

In the saponification step of S12, 1-2 drops of saponification solution can be added with water, and if no oil drops appear and the saponification reaction is homogeneous, the saponification reaction can be judged to be complete.

In the pure water cleaning process in step S13, care should be taken not to stir excessively, so as to avoid emulsification and loss of fatty acids.

The method for measuring the saponification value of the winterized oil comprises the following steps:

weighing 2 g of winterized oil sample, accurately obtaining the winterized oil sample to be 0.005 g, adding 25.0mL of potassium hydroxide-ethanol solution into the sample by using a pipette, adding a boiling assisting substance, connecting a reflux condenser tube and a conical flask, putting the conical flask on a heating device, slowly boiling, shaking at intervals, and keeping the grease in a boiling state for 1.5 hours;

adding 0.5mL of 0.1% phenolphthalein indicator into the hot solution, and titrating with a hydrochloric acid standard solution until the pink color of the indicator just disappears;

a blank test is carried out by using 25.0mL of potassium hydroxide-ethanol solution without adding a sample;

the saponification value of the sample was calculated as follows:

is, the saponification value Is calculated by KOH, and the unit Is milligram per gram, namely mg/g;

v0 volume of hydrochloric acid standard solution consumed in the blank test in milliliters (mL);

v1 volume of hydrochloric acid standard latent liquid consumed by the sample, the unit is milliliter (mL);

c, the molar concentration of the hydrochloric acid standard solution is expressed in moL per liter, namely moL/L;

m: the mass of the sample, in grams, is g;

the arithmetic mean of the two measurements was taken as the measurement result.

The determination of the acid value of the free fatty acid comprises the following steps:

taking a clean 250mL conical flask, weighing 0.5 g of prepared grease sample of free fatty acid by using a balance; another clean 250mL conical flask is taken, 50mL of 95% ethanol is added, 0.5mL of 1% phenolphthalein indicator is added, and then the conical flask is placed in a water bath at 90 ℃ to be heated until the ethanol is slightly boiled;

taking out the conical flask, immediately titrating the ethanol by using a KOH standard titration solution when the temperature of the ethanol is still maintained to be more than 70 ℃;

when the ethanol is reddish at first and has no obvious color fading within 15s, immediately stopping titration, and neutralizing the acidity of the ethanol;

pouring the neutralized ethanol solution into a conical flask filled with a sample immediately when the neutralized ethanol solution is hot, then putting the conical flask into a water bath at 90-100 ℃ for heating until the ethanol boils slightly, and violently shaking the conical flask to form suspension;

finally, taking out the conical flask, immediately titrating the hot ethanol suspension of the sample by using a KOH standard titration solution while the conical flask is hot, immediately stopping titration when the sample solution is reddish at the beginning and no obvious color fading exists within 15s, and recording the milliliter number of the standard titration solution consumed by the titration, wherein the numerical value is V;

the acid value is also called acid value, and is calculated according to the following formula:

in the formula:

X_AV: acid value in milligrams per gram, i.e., mg/g;

v: the volume of the standard KOH titration solution consumed by the sample is measured, and the unit is milliliter (mL);

v0: the volume of standard KOH titration solution consumed for the corresponding blank assay in milliliters, i.e., mL, where V0= 0;

c: the molar concentration of a standard KOH titration solution is expressed in units of mol per liter, namely mol/L;

56.1: the molar mass of potassium hydroxide, in grams per mole, i.e., g/mol;

m: the oil sample is weighed and has the unit of gram, namely g.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the method is characterized in that fatty glyceride is hydrolyzed under alkaline conditions to prepare free fatty acid, amphiphilic molecular ion pairs are formed by the prepared free fatty acid and biomolecules such as basic amino acid (arginine, lysine) and the like in an aqueous solution system, self-assembly structures such as micelles, vesicles and emulsions are formed through weak interaction of non-covalent bonds, the solubility of the fatty acid in the aqueous solution system is greatly increased, and the purpose of expanding the actual application range of the fatty acid is achieved.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

A preparation process of water-soluble fatty acid comprises the following steps:

s1, preparation of free fatty acids:

s11, weighing 10.0g of winterized oil (provided by Tianky company), adding 30 mL of 15% NaOH solution, wherein the addition amount of the NaOH solution is 2-3 times of the saponification value of 10.0g of winterized oil;

s12, placing the mixture in a water bath at 60 ℃ for saponification for 5 hours until the saponification reaction is complete, adding water into 1-2 drops of saponification liquid during the saponification, and judging that the saponification reaction is complete if no oil drops appear and the saponification liquid is homogeneous;

s13, after complete saponification, concentrated hydrochloric acid is dripped to neutralize excessive alkali to adjust the pH value to be neutral, at the moment, the sodium salt of the saponified fatty acid aggregates, the lower-layer water phase is absorbed, and the water-soluble impurities such as the byproduct glycerol are removed by washing for 2 times with pure water, so that excessive stirring is not needed in the pure water washing process, and the emulsification and loss of the fatty acid are avoided;

s14, dispersing the washed sodium fatty acid in about 50mL of water, continuously adding acid for acidification, adjusting the pH value to 1-2, continuously stirring for dispersion, and finally standing for layering, wherein the upper layer is oily free fatty acid;

s15, sucking off the lower water phase, washing twice with pure water, and finally adding anhydrous Na₂SO₄Removing residual water (10 g winterized oil eventually gives about 8-8.5 g free fatty acids);

s2, transferring 5ml of 100 mmol. L^-1Or 200 mmol. L^-1Into a serum bottle;

weighing Free Fatty Acid (FFA) with different mass prepared by the method, adding the FFA into the Arg solution, adding a magnetic stirring bar, stirring, and properly heating for dissolving to form colloidal solutions with different states, wherein the colloidal solutions are compared with FFA extracted from fish oil before a subject group.

Firstly, the determination of the saponification value of the winterized oil comprises the following steps:

reference is made to GB/T5534-2008 'determination of saponification values of animal and vegetable fats & oils';

weighing 2 g of winterized oil sample, accurately obtaining the winterized oil sample to be 0.005 g, adding 25.0mL of potassium hydroxide-ethanol solution into the sample by using a pipette, adding a boiling assisting substance, connecting a reflux condenser tube and a conical flask, putting the conical flask on a heating device, slowly boiling, shaking at intervals, and keeping the grease in a boiling state for 1.5 hours;

adding 0.5mL of 0.1% phenolphthalein indicator into the hot solution, and titrating with a hydrochloric acid standard solution until the pink color of the indicator just disappears;

a blank test is carried out by using 25.0mL of potassium hydroxide-ethanol solution without adding a sample;

the saponification value of the sample was calculated as follows:

is, the saponification value Is calculated by KOH, and the unit Is milligram per gram, namely mg/g;

v0 volume of hydrochloric acid standard solution consumed in the blank test in milliliters (mL);

v1 volume of hydrochloric acid standard latent liquid consumed by the sample, the unit is milliliter (mL);

c, the molar concentration of the hydrochloric acid standard solution is expressed in moL per liter, namely moL/L;

m: the mass of the sample, in grams, is g;

the arithmetic mean of the two measurements was taken as the measurement result.

Secondly, the determination of the acid value of the free fatty acid comprises the following steps:

refer to GB 5009.229-2016 (determination of acid value in food) ("determination of acid value in food");

titration with hot ethanol indicator;

taking a clean 250mL conical flask, weighing 0.5 g of prepared grease sample of free fatty acid by using a balance; another clean 250mL conical flask is taken, 50mL of 95% ethanol is added, 0.5mL of 1% phenolphthalein indicator is added, and then the conical flask is placed in a water bath at 90 ℃ to be heated until the ethanol is slightly boiled;

taking out the conical flask, immediately titrating the ethanol by using a KOH standard titration solution when the temperature of the ethanol is still maintained to be more than 70 ℃;

when the ethanol is reddish at first and has no obvious color fading within 15s, immediately stopping titration, and neutralizing the acidity of the ethanol;

pouring the neutralized ethanol solution into a conical flask filled with a sample immediately when the neutralized ethanol solution is hot, then putting the conical flask into a water bath at 90-100 ℃ for heating until the ethanol boils slightly, and violently shaking the conical flask to form suspension;

finally, taking out the conical flask, immediately titrating the hot ethanol suspension of the sample by using a KOH standard titration solution while the conical flask is hot, immediately stopping titration when the sample solution is reddish at the beginning and no obvious color fading exists within 15s, and recording the milliliter number of the standard titration solution consumed by the titration, wherein the numerical value is V;

the acid value is also called acid value, and is calculated according to the following formula:

in the formula:

X_AV: acid value in milligrams per gram, i.e., mg/g;

v: the volume of the standard KOH titration solution consumed by the sample is measured, and the unit is milliliter (mL);

v0: the volume of standard KOH titration solution consumed for the corresponding blank assay in milliliters, i.e., mL, where V0= 0;

c: the molar concentration of a standard KOH titration solution is expressed in units of mol per liter, namely mol/L;

56.1: the molar mass of potassium hydroxide, in grams per mole, i.e., g/mol;

m: the oil sample is weighed and has the unit of gram, namely g.

Thirdly, detecting indexes:

table 1 below is three sets of acid value experimental data:

TABLE 1

	Mass of FFA m/g	0.4098mol/L KOH volume V/mL	Acid value (mg/g)
				1	0.5132	3.90	174.71
2	0.5075	3.80	172.14
				3	0.5021	3.74	171.24

Table 2 below is three sets of saponification value experimental data:

TABLE 2

1.	2. Mass m/g of winterized oil	3.0.4832 mol/LHCl volume V/mL	4. Blank value V/mL	5. Saponification number (mg/g)
					6. 1	7. 2.0066	8. 18.52	9. 31.45	10. 174.67
11. 2	12. 2.0045	13. 18.59	14. 31.47	15. 174.18
					16. 3	17. 2.0103	18. 18.64	19. 31.47	20. 173.00

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Taking arithmetic mean value of three experimental data to obtain the acid value of the free fatty acid hydrolysis product of 172.70 mg/g;

taking the arithmetic mean value of the three experimental data to obtain the saponification value of 173.95 mg/g of the raw material oil, and calculating the theoretical acid value of 181.32 mg/g according to the saponification value;

from the actual hydrolysis acid value measured and the theoretical acid value calculated from the saponification value, the hydrolysis ratio of the oil or fat was 95.24%.

Based on the addition of 10 g of winterized oil feed and the final yield of 8-8.5 g of free fatty acid end product, the yield was estimated to be 80-85%.

Remarking: the theoretical acid value and hydrolysis rate formula of fatty acid of oil and fat is derived from fatty acid and its deep processing handbook of Zhang Jinting.

Fatty acid composition:

under alkaline conditions, the fatty glyceride is hydrolyzed to generate free fatty acid and glycerin, and the composition of the obtained free fatty acid is consistent with that of the raw material. Gas chromatographic analysis of free fatty acids prepared from fish oil according to the same method as the fatty acid composition of the starting fish oil revealed that the fatty acid composition was substantially unchanged as seen in table 3.

TABLE 3

Sample(s)

SFA

MUFA

PUFA

n-6PUFA

n-3PUFA

n-6/n-3

Fish oil

10.68±0.97

12.80±1.09

76.51±2.02

6.83±0.35

69.68±2.15

0.098±0.007

Free fatty acids

10.21±1.02

13.10±0.26

76.69±0.94

6.86±0.26

69.84±0.89

0.098±0.004

Wherein, SFA: a saturated fatty acid; MUFA: monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA: a polyunsaturated fatty acid;

in summary, the following steps: compared with the prior art, the preparation process of the water-soluble fatty acid provided by the invention is simple, the free fatty acid is prepared by hydrolyzing fatty glyceride under an alkaline condition, amphiphilic molecule ion pairs are formed by the prepared free fatty acid and biomolecules such as basic amino acid (arginine, lysine) and the like in an aqueous solution system, self-assembly structures such as micelles, vesicles, emulsions and the like are formed through weak interaction of non-covalent bonds, the solubility of the fatty acid in the aqueous solution system is greatly increased, and the purpose of expanding the actual application range of the fatty acid is achieved.

Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments or portions thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.