阅读说明：本技术 接收电路及使用接收电路的方法 (Receiving circuit and method for using the same ) 是由 穆罕默德·兰吉巴 阿米尔·德智胡里扬 瓦利德·尤尼斯 于 2021-09-16 设计创作，主要内容包括：创造性的一方面是一种接收电路。该接收电路包括选择接收天线阵列和/或发射天线阵列的控制器。该控制器还基于所选择的接收天线阵列和/或发射天线阵列的信号,计算第一AoA和/或第一AoD。响应于第一AoA减去π/2的绝对值不小于或等于AoA阈值角,该控制器还选择不同的接收天线阵列,以及,基于所选择的不同的接收天线阵列的RF信号的数字化样本,计算第二AoA。响应于第一AoD减去π/2的绝对值不小于或等于AoD阈值角,该控制器还选择不同的发射天线阵列,以及,基于所选择的不同的发射天线阵列的RF信号的数字化样本,计算第二AoD。(An inventive aspect is a receiving circuit. The receive circuitry includes a controller that selects a receive antenna array and/or a transmit antenna array. The controller also calculates a first AoA and/or a first AoD based on signals of the selected receive antenna array and/or transmit antenna array. The controller also selects a different receive antenna array in response to the absolute value of the first AoA minus pi/2 not being less than or equal to the AoA threshold angle, and calculates a second AoA based on digitized samples of RF signals of the selected different receive antenna array. The controller also selects a different transmit antenna array in response to the absolute value of the first AoD minus pi/2 not being less than or equal to the AoD threshold angle, and calculates a second AoD based on digitized samples of RF signals of the selected different transmit antenna array.)

1. A receiving circuit, comprising:

one or more receive antennas or one or more receive antenna arrays for receiving a plurality of RF signals transmitted by transmit circuitry, the transmit circuitry comprising one or more transmit antennas or one or more transmit antenna arrays;

one or more RF chains for generating a plurality of digitized samples of the received RF signal; and

a controller for selecting at least one of a particular receive antenna array and a particular transmit antenna array, and for performing at least one of:

calculating a first angle of arrival AoA based on the digitized samples of the RF signal for the particular selected receive antenna array, an

Calculating a first angle of departure AoD based on the digitized samples of the RF signal of the selected particular transmit antenna array, wherein the controller is further configured to perform at least one of:

determining whether the absolute value of the first AoA minus pi/2 is less than or equal to an AoA threshold angle, an

Determining whether the absolute value of the first AoD minus pi/2 is less than or equal to an AoD threshold angle,

wherein, in response to the first AoA minus π/2 being not less than or equal to the AoA threshold angle in absolute value, the controller is further to:

selecting different receive antenna arrays, an

Calculating a second AoA based on the digitized samples of the RF signals of the selected different receive antenna array; and

wherein, in response to the first AoD minus π/2 being not less than or equal to the AoD threshold angle in absolute value, the controller is further to:

selecting different transmit antenna arrays, an

A second AoD is calculated based on the digitized samples of the RF signal for the selected different transmit antenna array.

2. The receive circuit of claim 1, wherein the AoD threshold angle is equal to 1/2 pi/(2 (N-1)), wherein N is equal to a number of transmit antenna arrays of the transmit circuit, and wherein the AoA threshold angle is equal to 1/2 pi/(2 (M-1)), wherein M is equal to a number of receive antenna arrays of the receive circuit.

3. The receive circuit of claim 2, wherein N-2.

4. The receive circuit of claim 2, wherein M-2.

5. The receive circuit of claim 2, wherein at least one of N and M is greater than 2.

6. The receive circuit of any of claims 1-5, wherein in response to the absolute value of the first AoA minus π/2 not being less than or equal to the AoA threshold angle, the controller is further to:

judging whether the absolute value of subtracting pi/2 from the second AoA is smaller than or equal to the AoA threshold angle or not; and

in response to an absolute value of the second AoA minus π/2 being less than or equal to the AoA threshold angle, calculating an estimated AoA based on the second AoA.

7. The receive circuit of claim 6, wherein calculating the estimated AoA based on the second AoA comprises: calculating one or more additional aoas based on the digitized samples of RF signals of the selected different receive antenna arrays, and calculating the estimated AoA based on an average of the second AoA and the additional aoas.

8. The receive circuit of any of claims 1-5, wherein in response to an absolute value of the first AoD minus π/2 being not less than or equal to the AoD threshold angle, the controller is further to:

judging whether the absolute value of subtracting pi/2 from the second AoD is smaller than or equal to the AoD threshold angle or not; and

in response to an absolute value of the second AoD minus π/2 being less than or equal to the AoD threshold angle, calculating an estimated AoD based on the second AoD.

9. The receive circuit of claim 8, wherein calculating the estimated AoD based on the second AoD comprises: calculating one or more additional aods based on the digitized samples of RF signals of the selected different transmit antenna arrays, and calculating the estimated AoD based on an average of the second AoD and the additional aods.

10. The receive circuit of any of claims 1 to 5, determining whether the absolute value of the first AoA minus π/2 is less than or equal to the AoA threshold angle comprises: determining whether the particular receive antenna array is more perpendicular to the transmit circuitry than any other receive antenna array of the receive circuitry, and determining whether an absolute value of the first AoD minus π/2 is less than or equal to the AoD threshold angle comprises: determining whether the particular transmit antenna array is more perpendicular to the receive circuitry than any other transmit antenna array of the transmit circuitry.

11. A method of using a receive circuit, the method comprising:

receiving, by one or more receive antennas or one or more receive antenna arrays, a plurality of RF signals transmitted by transmit circuitry, the transmit circuitry comprising one or more transmit antennas or one or more transmit antenna arrays;

generating, by one or more RF chains, a plurality of digitized samples of the received RF signal; and

selecting, by the controller, at least one of a particular receive antenna array and a particular transmit antenna array, and performing at least one of:

calculating a first angle of arrival AoA based on the digitized samples of the RF signal for the particular selected receive antenna array, an

Calculating a first angle of departure AoD based on the digitized samples of the RF signal for the selected particular transmit antenna array;

performing, by the controller, at least one of:

judging whether the absolute value of subtracting pi/2 from the first AoA is smaller than or equal to the AoA threshold angle or not; and

judging whether the absolute value of subtracting pi/2 from the first AoD is smaller than or equal to an AoD threshold angle or not;

responsive to an absolute value of the first AoA minus π/2 not being less than or equal to the AoA threshold angle, by the controller:

selecting different receive antenna arrays, an

Calculating a second AoA based on the digitized samples of the RF signals of the selected different receive antenna array; and

responsive to an absolute value of the first AoD minus π/2 not being less than or equal to the AoD threshold angle, by the controller:

selecting different transmit antenna arrays, an

A second AoD is calculated based on the digitized samples of the RF signal for the selected different transmit antenna array.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the AoD threshold angle is equal to 1/2 pi/(2 (N-1)), wherein N is equal to a number of transmit antenna arrays of the transmit circuitry, and wherein the AoA threshold angle is equal to 1/2 pi/(2 (M-1)), wherein M is equal to a number of receive antenna arrays of the receive circuitry.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein N-2.

14. The method of claim 12, wherein M-2.

15. The method of claim 12, wherein at least one of N and M is greater than 2.

16. The method of any of claims 11 to 15, further comprising: responsive to an absolute value of the first AoA minus π/2 not being less than or equal to the AoA threshold angle, by the controller:

judging whether the absolute value of subtracting pi/2 from the second AoA is smaller than or equal to the AoA threshold angle or not; and

in response to an absolute value of the second AoA minus π/2 being less than or equal to the AoA threshold angle, calculating an estimated AoA based on the second AoA.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein calculating the estimated AoA based on the second AoA comprises: calculating one or more additional aoas based on the digitized samples of RF signals of the selected different receive antenna arrays, and calculating the estimated AoA based on an average of the second AoA and the additional aoas.

18. The method of any of claims 11 to 15, further comprising: responsive to an absolute value of the first AoD minus π/2 not being less than or equal to the AoD threshold angle, by the controller:

judging whether the absolute value of subtracting pi/2 from the second AoD is smaller than or equal to the AoD threshold angle or not; and

in response to an absolute value of the second AoD minus π/2 being less than or equal to the AoD threshold angle, calculating an estimated AoD based on the second AoD.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein calculating the estimated AoD based on the second AoD comprises: calculating one or more additional aods based on the digitized samples of RF signals of the selected different transmit antenna arrays, and calculating the estimated AoD based on an average of the second AoD and the additional aods.

20. The method of any of claims 11 to 15, wherein determining whether the absolute value of the first AoA minus pi/2 is less than or equal to the AoA threshold angle comprises: determining whether the particular receive antenna array is more perpendicular to the transmit circuitry than any other receive antenna array of the receive circuitry, and determining whether an absolute value of the first AoD minus π/2 is less than or equal to the AoD threshold angle comprises: determining whether the particular transmit antenna array is more perpendicular to the receive circuitry than any other transmit antenna array of the transmit circuitry.

Technical Field

The subject matter described herein relates to determining an angle of arrival (AoA) or angle of departure (AoD), and more particularly, to accurately determining AoA or AoD despite small angles of incidence.

Background

The RF signal may be transmitted from a transmitter at an angle of departure (AoD) and/or received at a receiving circuit at an angle of arrival (AoA), where AoA/AoD may be any angle. Thus, AoA/AoD is sometimes a sufficient angle of tilt that is difficult to measure accurately. There is a need in the art for techniques for accurately calculating AoA or AoD for high tilt angles.

Disclosure of Invention

An inventive aspect is a receiving circuit. The receive circuitry includes one or more receive antennas or one or more receive antenna arrays for receiving the plurality of RF signals transmitted by the transmit circuitry, which includes one or more transmit antennas or one or more transmit antenna arrays. The receive circuitry also includes one or more RF chains for generating a plurality of digitized samples of a received RF signal, and a controller for selecting at least one of a particular receive antenna array and a particular transmit antenna array, and for performing at least one of: a first angle of arrival (AoA) is calculated based on the digitized samples of the RF signal of the selected particular receive antenna array, and a first angle of departure (AoD) is calculated based on the digitized samples of the RF signal of the selected particular transmit antenna array. The controller is further configured to perform at least one of: it is determined whether the absolute value of the first AoA minus pi/2 is less than or equal to the AoA threshold angle and whether the absolute value of the first AoD minus pi/2 is less than or equal to the AoD threshold angle. The controller is further configured to select a different receive antenna array in response to the absolute value of the first AoA minus pi/2 not being less than or equal to the AoA threshold angle, and to calculate a second AoA based on digitized samples of RF signals of the selected different receive antenna array. The controller is further configured to select a different transmit antenna array in response to the absolute value of the first AoD minus pi/2 not being less than or equal to the AoD threshold angle, and to calculate a second AoD based on digitized samples of RF signals of the selected different transmit antenna array.

In some embodiments, the AoD threshold angle is equal to 1/2 pi/(2 (N-1)), where N is equal to the number of transmit antenna arrays of the transmit circuitry, and where the AoA threshold angle is equal to 1/2 pi/(2 (M-1)), where M is equal to the number of receive antenna arrays of the receive circuitry.

In some embodiments, N ═ 2.

In some embodiments, M ═ 2.

In some embodiments, at least one of N and M is greater than 2.

In some embodiments, in response to the absolute value of the first AoA minus pi/2 not being less than or equal to the AoA threshold angle, the controller is further to: judging whether the absolute value of subtracting pi/2 from the second AoA is smaller than or equal to the AoA threshold angle or not; and, in response to the absolute value of the second AoA minus pi/2 being less than or equal to the AoA threshold angle, calculating an estimated AoA based on the second AoA.

In some embodiments, calculating the estimated AoA based on the second AoA comprises: one or more additional aoas are calculated based on the digitized samples of the RF signals of the selected different receive antenna arrays, and an estimated AoA is calculated based on an average of the second AoA and the additional aoas.

In some embodiments, in response to the first AoD minus pi/2 having an absolute value not less than or equal to the AoD threshold angle, the controller is further to: judging whether the absolute value of subtracting pi/2 from the second AoD is smaller than or equal to the AoD threshold angle or not; and, in response to the absolute value of the second AoD minus pi/2 being less than or equal to the AoD threshold angle, calculating an estimated AoD based on the second AoD.

In some embodiments, calculating the estimated AoD based on the second AoD comprises: one or more additional aods are calculated based on the digitized samples of the RF signals of the selected different transmit antenna arrays, and an estimated AoD is calculated based on an average of the second AoD and the additional aods.

In some embodiments, determining whether the absolute value of the first AoA minus pi/2 is less than or equal to the AoA threshold angle comprises: determining whether a particular receive antenna array is more perpendicular to the transmit circuitry than any other receive antenna array of the receive circuitry, and determining whether an absolute value of the first AoD minus pi/2 is less than or equal to the AoD threshold angle comprises: it is determined whether a particular transmit antenna array is more perpendicular to the receive circuitry than any other transmit antenna array of the transmit circuitry.

Another inventive aspect is a method of using a receive circuit. The method comprises the following steps: a plurality of RF signals transmitted by transmit circuitry comprising one or more transmit antennas or one or more transmit antenna arrays are received by one or more receive antennas or one or more receive antenna arrays. The method further comprises the following steps: the method further includes generating, by one or more RF chains, a plurality of digitized samples of the received RF signal, and selecting, by the controller, at least one of a particular receive antenna array and a particular transmit antenna array. The method further comprises at least one of: A) calculating a first angle of arrival (AoA) based on the digitized samples of the RF signal of the selected particular receiving antenna array, and B) calculating a first angle of departure (AoD) based on the digitized samples of the RF signal of the selected particular transmitting antenna array. The method further includes performing, by the controller, at least one of: A) determining whether the absolute value of the first AoA minus π/2 is less than or equal to the AoA threshold angle, and B) determining whether the absolute value of the first AoD minus π/2 is less than or equal to the AoD threshold angle. The method further comprises the following steps: responsive to the absolute value of the first AoA minus pi/2 not being less than or equal to the AoA threshold angle, a different receive antenna array is selected by the controller, and a second AoA is calculated based on digitized samples of the RF signals of the selected different receive antenna array. The method further comprises the following steps: responsive to an absolute value of the first AoD minus pi/2 not being less than or equal to the AoD threshold angle, selecting, by a controller, a different transmit antenna array, and calculating a second AoD based on digitized samples of RF signals of the selected different transmit antenna array.

In some embodiments, the AoD threshold angle is equal to 1/2 pi/(2 (N-1)), where N is equal to the number of transmit antenna arrays of the transmit circuitry, and where the AoA threshold angle is equal to 1/2 pi/(2 (M-1)), where M is equal to the number of receive antenna arrays of the receive circuitry.

In some embodiments, N ═ 2.

In some embodiments, M ═ 2.

In some embodiments, at least one of N and M is greater than 2.

In some embodiments, the method further comprises: in response to the first AoA minus pi/2 absolute value not being less than or equal to the AoA threshold angle, judging whether the second AoA minus pi/2 absolute value is less than or equal to the AoA threshold angle through a controller; and, in response to the absolute value of the second AoA minus pi/2 being less than or equal to the AoA threshold angle, calculating an estimated AoA based on the second AoA.

In some embodiments, calculating the estimated AoA based on the second AoA comprises: one or more additional aoas are calculated based on the digitized samples of the RF signals of the selected different receive antenna arrays, and an estimated AoA is calculated based on an average of the second AoA and the additional aoas.

In some embodiments, the method further comprises: in response to the first AoD minus pi/2 absolute value not being less than or equal to the AoD threshold angle, judging whether the second AoD minus pi/2 absolute value is less than or equal to the AoD threshold angle through the controller; and calculating the estimated AoD based on the second AoD in response to the absolute value of the second AoD minus pi/2 being less than or equal to the AoD threshold angle.

In some embodiments, calculating the estimated AoD based on the second AoD comprises: one or more additional aods are calculated based on the digitized samples of the RF signals of the selected different transmit antenna arrays, and an estimated AoD is calculated based on an average of the second AoD and the additional aods.

In some embodiments, determining whether the absolute value of the first AoA minus pi/2 is less than or equal to the AoA threshold angle comprises: determining whether a particular receive antenna array is more perpendicular to the transmit circuitry than any other receive antenna array of the receive circuitry, and determining whether an absolute value of the first AoD minus pi/2 is less than or equal to the AoD threshold angle comprises: it is determined whether a particular transmit antenna array is more perpendicular to the receive circuitry than any other transmit antenna array of the transmit circuitry.

Drawings

Certain aspects of the presently disclosed subject matter are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and together with the description help explain some principles related to the disclosed implementations.

Fig. 1A is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a transmit circuit, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 1B is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a receive circuit, according to an embodiment.

Fig. 2A is a schematic diagram illustrating a dual antenna system of AoA.

Fig. 2B is a schematic diagram showing a dual antenna system of AoD.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an antenna array system of AoA showing received first and second RF signals.

Fig. 4 is a graphical representation of the sensitivity of AoA or AoD measurements to the measured phase difference of the RF signal samples used to calculate AoA or AoD.

Fig. 5 is a diagram of a dual array antenna system for calculating AoA.

Fig. 6 is a flowchart illustrating a method of calculating AoA or AoD.

Fig. 7 is a flowchart illustrating a method of calculating AoA or AoD.

In actual practice, like reference numerals indicate like structures, features or elements.

Detailed Description

Specific embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings.

This application sets forth various details relating to certain embodiments. However, the invention can also be implemented in a manner different from that described in the present application. Modifications to the discussed embodiments may be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein.

Embodiments illustrate circuits and methods for determining a measured angle of departure (AoD) of an RF signal transmitted by transmit circuitry by an antenna system having at least two antenna arrays, or for determining a measured angle of arrival (AoA) of an RF signal received at receive circuitry by an antenna system having at least two antenna arrays. Based on the plurality of digitized samples of the RF signal, an AoA or AoD is determined at the receive circuit. Since the calculation accuracy of AoA or AoD is sensitive to AoA or AoD, AoA or AoD is calculated based on digitized samples of RF signals transmitted by antenna arrays more perpendicular to the transmit circuitry of the receive circuitry, or AoA or AoD is calculated based on digitized samples of RF signals received by antenna arrays more perpendicular to the receive circuitry of the transmit circuitry. Fig. 1A and 1B show schematic diagrams of a receiving circuit and a transmitting circuit, respectively. Fig. 2A and 2B show AoA and AoD, respectively. Fig. 3 and 4 show the sensitivity of AoA or AoD measurements to AoA or AoD. Fig. 5 and 6 illustrate a dual array antenna system and a method of calculating AoA or AoD.

Fig. 1A is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a transmit circuit 100, according to an embodiment. The transmit circuit 100 includes an antenna or antenna array 110, a switch 120, an RF chain 130, and a controller 140. The transmit circuit 100 illustrates one particular example. Other embodiments of the transmit circuit may be used.

The antenna or antenna array 110 may be any antenna or antenna array. For example, in some embodiments, the antenna or antenna array 110 includes 1, 2, 3, 4, or more antennas. In some embodiments, the antenna or antenna array 110 comprises a linear antenna array. In some embodiments, the antenna or antenna array 110 comprises a two-dimensional antenna array, e.g., having a multi-row linear antenna array, or, e.g., having a single row of antennas forming a first antenna array and a single column of antennas forming a second antenna array.

In embodiments where the antenna or antenna array 110 includes one antenna, the one antenna may be directly connected to the RF chain 130 and the switch 120 may be omitted. In embodiments where the antenna or antenna array 110 includes multiple antennas, each antenna may be directly connected to a separate RF chain. Each RF chain may have the characteristics of RF chain 130. Alternatively, in some embodiments where the antenna or antenna array 110 includes multiple antennas, each antenna may be selectively connected to a single RF chain, one at a time, as shown.

The antenna or antenna array 110 may be used to transmit RF signals to receive circuitry, such as the receive circuitry 200 described with reference to fig. 1B below. The RF signal comprises a high frequency signal modulated with a low frequency information signal at a carrier frequency. For example, a high frequency signal is transmitted by an antenna or one of the antenna arrays 110 in accordance with a programmable electrical connection formed by the switch 120 controlled by the controller 140. As understood by those skilled in the art, the RF signal transmitted by the antenna or antenna array 110 is transmitted AoD from the transmitter 100.

The controller 140 is configured to provide digital signals to the RF chain 130, wherein the digital signals encode information signals to be transmitted by the antenna or antenna array 110.

The RF chain 130 includes a digital-to-analog converter (DAC)132, a mixer 136, a frequency synthesizer 134, and a Power Amplifier (PA) 138. The RF chain 130 is merely an example, or other RF chain embodiments may be used. For example, in some embodiments, one or more amplifiers and/or filters may be included, as understood by those skilled in the art.

The digital signal is processed by digital-to-analog converter 132 using techniques known in the art to generate an analog baseband signal representative of the digital signal. Various digital-to-analog converter architectures known in the art may be used.

The mixer 136 receives the analog baseband signal output from the digital-to-analog converter 132 and the oscillation signal generated by the frequency synthesizer 134 at the carrier frequency. In response to the analog baseband signal and the oscillator signal, mixer 136 upconverts the analog baseband signal from analog-to-digital converter 132 to a high frequency signal using techniques known in the art. Various mixer architectures known in the art may be used. The generated high frequency signal is at a carrier frequency and is modulated to include information of the low frequency information signal.

The power amplifier 138 is used to receive a high frequency signal, for example, to drive the high frequency signal to an antenna or one of the antenna arrays 110 in accordance with a programmable electrical connection formed by the switch 120 controlled by the controller 140. The power amplifier 138 drives the high frequency signal to an antenna using techniques known in the art. Various power amplifier configurations known in the art may be used.

As understood by those skilled in the art, using communication connections not shown in fig. 1A, control signals from controller 140 may control, for example, some of the variable functions of switch 120, power amplifier 138, frequency synthesizer 134, mixer 136, and digital-to-analog converter 132, as understood by those skilled in the art.

For example, a control signal from the controller 140 may control the switch 120 to control which of the plurality of antenna RF chains 130 drives the high frequency signal.

In embodiments where the plurality of antennas are each connected to one of a plurality of RF chains, the controller 140 may generate a control signal for each of the RF chains.

Fig. 1B is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a receiving circuit 200 according to an embodiment. The receive circuitry 200 includes an antenna or antenna array 210, a switch 220, an RF chain 230, and a controller 240. Receive circuit 200 illustrates one particular example. Other embodiments of the receiving circuit may be used.

The antenna or antenna array 210 may be any antenna or antenna array. For example, in some embodiments, the antenna or antenna array 210 includes 1, 2, 3, 4, or more antennas. In some embodiments, the antenna or antenna array 210 comprises a linear antenna array. In some embodiments, the antenna or antenna array 210 comprises a two-dimensional antenna array, for example having a multi-row linear antenna array, or, for example, having a single row of antennas forming a first antenna array and a single column of antennas forming a second antenna array.

In embodiments where the antenna or antenna array 210 includes one antenna, the one antenna may be directly connected to the RF chain 230 and the switch 220 may be omitted. In embodiments where the antenna or antenna array 210 includes multiple antennas, each antenna may be directly connected to a separate RF chain. Each RF chain may have the characteristics of RF chain 230. Alternatively, in some embodiments where the antenna or antenna array 210 includes multiple antennas, each antenna may be selectively connected to a single RF chain, one at a time, as shown.

The antenna or antenna array 210 may be used to receive RF signals generated by a transmitter (e.g., see transmitter 100 described above in fig. 1A). As understood by those skilled in the art, RF signals received by the antenna or antenna array 210 are received in AoA from a transmitter, such as transmitter 100.

The RF chain 230 includes a Low Noise Amplifier (LNA)232, a frequency synthesizer 234, a mixer 236, and an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 238. The RF chain 230 is merely an example, or other RF chain embodiments may be used. For example, in some embodiments, one or more amplifiers and/or filters may be included, as understood by those skilled in the art.

The low noise amplifier 232 is used to receive a high frequency signal at the carrier frequency and is modulated by a low frequency information signal. For example, a high frequency signal is received from an antenna or one of the antenna arrays 210 according to a programmable electrical connection formed by the switch 220 controlled by the controller 240. The high frequency signal is amplified by a low noise amplifier 232 using techniques known in the art to generate an amplified RF signal. Various low noise amplifier structures known in the art may be used.

Mixer 236 receives the amplified RF signal output via low noise amplifier 232 and the oscillating signal generated by frequency synthesizer 234 at or substantially at the carrier frequency. In response to the amplified RF signal and the oscillating signal, mixer 236 downconverts the RF signal amplified via low noise amplifier 232 to a baseband signal using techniques known in the art. Various mixer architectures known in the art may be used. The resulting baseband signal comprises information of the low frequency information signal.

The baseband signal is then processed by an analog-to-digital converter 238 using techniques known in the art to generate a digital signal representative of the baseband signal. Various analog-to-digital converter architectures known in the art may be used.

The controller 240 receives a digital representation of the baseband signal.

As understood by those skilled in the art, using communication connections not shown in fig. 1B, control signals from controller 240 may, for example, control certain variable functions of switch 220, low noise amplifier 232, frequency synthesizer 234, mixer 236, and analog to digital converter 238, as understood by those skilled in the art.

For example, a control signal from the controller 240 may control the switch 220 to select which of the plurality of antenna RF chains 230 to receive the high frequency signal.

For example, the controller 240 may generate a control signal that causes the controller 240 to receive a set of digital signals, where each digital signal in the set is generated by the RF chain 230 based on the high frequency signal received by the selected one of the antennas. In embodiments where the plurality of antennas are each connected to one of the plurality of RF chains, the controller 240 may generate a control signal for each RF chain such that the controller 240 receives a set of digital signals, where each digital signal in the set is generated by one RF chain based on the RF signal received by the particular antenna to which it is connected. Using the techniques described below, the controller 240 is configured to store the set of digital signals in memory and determine the AoA or AoD of the received RF signal based on the set of digital signals it receives.

Fig. 2A is a geometric schematic illustrating angle of arrival (AoA) of RF signals received at antenna arrays based on phase estimation, the antenna arrays including antenna a1 and antenna a 2.

As shown, the transmitted RF signals are received at antenna a1 and antenna a2 at an angle of arrival (AoA) θ. According to geometric and trigonometric principles understood by those skilled in the art,

wherein

λ is the wavelength of the RF signal,

ψ is the phase difference between signals arriving at antenna a1 and antenna a2,

d is the distance between antennas a1 and a 2.

A controller, such as controller 240 of receive circuit 200 of fig. 1B, may calculate AoA using techniques known to those skilled in the art.

For example, in an embodiment of the receive circuit 200 with one RF chain for each of antenna a1 and antenna a2, assuming no carrier frequency offset, AoA may be calculated as follows:

for transmitted signals

Wherein:

f_hwhich is the carrier frequency,

t₁the time of the oscillator of the transmitter,

f_lbaseband frequency.

The signal sample received at antenna A1 is

Wherein:

and the number of the first and second groups,

the signal sample received at antenna A2 is

Wherein:

the down-converted samples received at antenna a1 are:

wherein:

t₂time of the oscillator of the receiver.

The down-converted samples received at antenna a2 are:

the phase difference is:

as discussed above in relation to the above-mentioned discussion,

alternatively, in embodiments of the receive circuit 200 where both antenna a1 and antenna a2 have one RF chain, AoA may be calculated as follows, assuming no carrier frequency offset.

For transmitted signals

Wherein:

f_hwhich is the carrier frequency,

t₁the time of the oscillator of the transmitter,

f_lbaseband frequency.

The signal sample received at antenna A1 is

Wherein:

and

the signal sample received at antenna A2 is

Wherein:

and

t is the sampling period.

The down-converted samples received at antenna a1 are:

wherein:

t₂time of the oscillator of the receiver.

The down-converted samples received at antenna a2 are:

the phase difference is:

therefore, the temperature of the molten metal is controlled,

therefore, the phase difference for calculating AoAEqual to the measured phase difference +2 pi f_l T。

As discussed above in relation to the above-mentioned discussion,

fig. 2B is a geometric schematic diagram illustrating the angle of departure (AoD) of RF signals transmitted by an antenna array based on phase estimation, the antenna array including antenna a1 and antenna a 2.

As shown, RF signals are transmitted from antenna a1 and antenna a2 at an angle of departure (AoD) θ. According to geometric and trigonometric principles understood by those skilled in the art,

wherein

λ is the wavelength of the RF signals transmitted by antenna a1 and antenna a2,

ψ is the phase difference between the signals received by the antenna a1 and the antenna a2,

d is the distance between antenna a1 and antenna a 2.

A controller, such as controller 240 of receive circuit 200 of fig. 1B, may calculate AoD using techniques known to those skilled in the art.

For example, receive circuit 200 in one embodiment may calculate AoD as follows:

for signals transmitted by antenna a1 and antenna a2, respectively:

and

wherein:

f_hwhich is the carrier frequency,

t₁the oscillator time of the transmitter is defined as,

f_lbaseband frequency.

The first sample received at the antenna RX is

Wherein:

and

the second sample received at the antenna RX is

Wherein:

and

t is the sampling period.

Down-converting the first sample to:

wherein:

t₂time of the oscillator of the receiver.

The down-converted second samples are:

the phase difference is:

therefore, the temperature of the molten metal is controlled,

therefore, the phase difference for calculating AoDEqual to the measured phase difference +2 pi f_l T。

As discussed above in relation to the above-mentioned discussion,

fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an antenna array system 300 of AoA showing received first and second RF signals 301, 302. As shown, RF signal 301 is received at antenna array system 300 with AoA θ 1 equal to π/3, and RF signal 302 is received at antenna array system 300 with AoA θ 2 equal to π/6.

Fig. 4 is a graphical representation of the sensitivity of AoA or AoD measurements to the measured phase difference of the RF signal samples used to calculate AoA or AoD. FIG. 4 shows a graph 400 of arccos (x) based on a measure of phase difference of digitized samples of an RF signal, whereThus, graph 400 illustrates the sensitivity of AoA or AoD measurements to measurements of phase differences of digitized samples of RF signals.

As understood by those skilled in the art, the sensitivity to the measured phase difference is related to the slope of the curve of FIG. 4, which is equal toAs shown, the slope of the curve of plot 400 is at a minimum when the AoA or AoD is greater than π/4 and less than 3 π/4 (the region of interest). Thus, the sensitivity of the AoA or AoD for the case where the AoA or AoD is greater than π/4 and less than 3 π/4 to the measured phase difference value is lower than the sensitivity for the case where the AoA or AoD is less than π/4 or greater than 3 π/4. Furthermore, if AoA or AoD is equal to π/2, the sensitivity of the AoA or AoD to the measured phase difference value is minimal.

Thus, if the array system 300 of FIG. 3 is used to calculate the AoA for the received first RF signal 301 and second RF signal 302, the AoA calculated for the first RF signal 301 is less sensitive to phase measurement errors than the AoA calculated for the second RF signal 302 because the AoA θ 1 (equal to π/3) is closer to π/2 than the AoA θ 2 (equal to π/6).

As understood by those skilled in the art, the principles discussed with respect to AoA calculation sensitivity to measured phase difference values refer to fig. 3 and 4, and apply similarly to AoD calculation sensitivity to measured phase difference values.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a dual array antenna system 500 that may be used to calculate AoA for received first and second RF signals 501 and 502. As shown, a first RF signal 501 is received at array 1 of the antenna array system 500 with AoA θ 1 equal to pi/3, and a second RF signal 502 is received at array 1 of the antenna array system 500 with AoA θ 3 equal to pi/6. Further, the second RF signal 502 is received at the array 2 of the antenna array system 500 with AoA θ 4 equal to pi/3, and the first RF signal 501 is received at the array 2 of the antenna array system 500 with AoA θ 2 equal to pi/6. In this embodiment, array 1 is perpendicular to array 2.

Thus, if the array system 500 is used to calculate the AoA for the first RF signal 501, the AoA calculated for the first RF signal 501 using the antenna array 1 is less sensitive to phase measurement errors than the AoA calculated for the first RF signal 501 using the antenna array 2, since the AoA θ 1 (equal to pi/3) for the first RF signal 501 and array 1 is closer to pi/2 than the AoA θ 2 (equal to pi/6) for the first RF signal 501 and array 2. Similarly, if array system 500 is used to calculate the AoA for second RF signal 502, the AoA calculated for second RF signal 502 using antenna array 2 is less sensitive to phase measurement errors than the AoA calculated for second RF signal 502 using antenna array 1 because AoA θ 4 (equal to π/3) for second RF signal 502 and array 2 is closer to π/2 than AoA θ 3 (equal to π/6) for second RF signal 502 and array 1.

Thus, arrays that are more perpendicular to the AoA are less sensitive to phase measurement errors than arrays that are less perpendicular to the AoA.

As understood by the person skilled in the art, the discussed principle regarding the sensitivity of the AoA calculation to the measured phase difference values, with reference to fig. 5, applies analogously to the sensitivity of the AoD calculation to the measured phase difference values. Thus, arrays that are more perpendicular to AoD are less sensitive to phase measurement errors than arrays that are less perpendicular to AoD.

As shown, the antenna arrays of antenna array 500 are linear antennas. In some embodiments, antenna array 500 includes one or more additional linear arrays. These additional linear arrays may be evenly angularly spaced, or evenly angularly oriented, or may be evenly angularly distributed. For example, if the antenna array 500 includes three arrays, the first array may be oriented at 0 °, the second array may be oriented at 45 ° with respect to the first array, and the third array may be oriented at 90 ° with respect to the first array. Similarly, if the antenna array 500 includes four arrays, the first array may be oriented at 0 °, the second array may be oriented at 30 ° relative to the first array, the third array may be oriented at 60 ° relative to the first array, and the fourth array may be oriented at 90 ° relative to the first array.

In embodiments with more than two linear arrays, the array most perpendicular to the AoA or AoD is less sensitive to phase measurement errors than the array less perpendicular to the AoA or AoD.

Fig. 6 shows a flow diagram of a method 600 of calculating an AoA or AoD based on data from a first antenna array and a second antenna array of an antenna array system, such as antenna array system 500. The method 600 may be performed, for example, by a receive circuit (e.g., the receive circuit 200).

At 610, one of a first antenna array and a second antenna array in an antenna array system is selected, for example, by a controller of a receive circuit. Any selection method may be used for selection.

At 620, phase data associated with the selected antenna array is collected, e.g., by a controller of the receive circuitry, which is used to calculate AoA or AoD. For example, using the methods discussed in this application, AoA or AoD may be calculated by the controller based on phase data associated with the selected antenna array. The controller may use an alternative method of calculating the AoA or AoD based on data associated with the selected antenna array.

At 630, the controller determines whether the calculated absolute value of AoA or AoD minus π/2 is less than or equal to π/4. The controller may use any method to make the determination.

If the controller determines that the absolute value of the calculated AoA or AoD minus pi/2 is not less than or equal to pi/4, at 640 the controller selects another antenna array of the first antenna array and the second antenna array and the method returns to 620 where the other value of AoA or AoD is calculated based on data associated with the selected other antenna array.

If the controller determines that the absolute value of the calculated AoA or AoD minus pi/2 is less than or equal to pi/4, then at optional 650, phase data associated with the selected antenna array is collected by the controller, which is used to calculate additional values of AoA or AoD. For example, using the methods discussed in this application, AoA or AoD may be calculated by the controller based on phase data associated with the selected antenna array. The controller may use an alternative method of calculating the AoA or AoD based on data associated with the selected antenna array.

In some embodiments, the controller calculates multiple values of AoA or AoD using the selected antennas and combines them, e.g., by averaging the multiple values of AoA or AoD, to calculate an estimated value of AoA or AoD.

Fig. 7 shows a flow diagram of a method 700 of calculating an AoA or AoD based on data from a plurality (N) of linear antenna arrays of an antenna array system, such as antenna array system 500. In some embodiments, the N linear arrays are evenly distributed in angle. For example, the linear antenna arrays may be angularly spaced at an angle of 90 °/(N-1). Method 700 may be performed, for example, by a receive circuit (e.g., receive circuit 200).

At 710, one of the N antenna arrays of the antenna array system is selected, for example, by a controller of the receive circuitry. Any selection method may be used for selection.

At 720, phase data associated with the selected antenna array is collected, e.g., by a controller of the receive circuitry, which is used to calculate AoA or AoD. For example, using the methods discussed in this application, AoA or AoD may be calculated by the controller based on phase data associated with the selected antenna array. The controller may use an alternative method of calculating the AoA or AoD based on data associated with the selected antenna array.

At 730, the controller determines whether the calculated absolute value of AoA or AoD minus π/2 is less than or equal to 1/2 π/(2 (N-1)). The controller may use any method to make the determination.

If the controller determines that the calculated absolute value of the AoA or AoD minus pi/2 is not less than or equal to 1/2 pi/(2 (N-1)), then at 740 the controller selects a different one of the antenna arrays and the method returns to 720 where the other value of AoA or AoD is calculated based on data associated with the selected other antenna array.

If the controller determines that the absolute value of the calculated AoA or AoD minus pi/2 is less than or equal to 1/2 pi/(2 (N-1)), then phase data associated with the selected antenna array is collected by the controller at optional 750, which is used to calculate additional values of AoA or AoD. For example, using the methods discussed in this application, AoA or AoD may be calculated by the controller based on phase data associated with the selected antenna array. The controller may use an alternative method of calculating the AoA or AoD based on data associated with the selected antenna array.

In some embodiments, the controller calculates multiple values of AoA or AoD using the selected antennas and combines them, e.g., by averaging the multiple values of AoA or AoD, to calculate an estimated value of AoA or AoD.

In the description and claims above, phrases such as "at least one" or "one or more" may appear following a joint list of elements or features. The term "and/or" may also appear in a list of two or more elements or features. Such phrases are intended to mean any one of the elements or features listed individually or in combination with any of the other recited elements or features, unless otherwise implicitly or explicitly contradicted by context of its application. For example, the phrases "at least one of a and B", "one or more of a and B", and "a and/or B", each of which is intended to mean "a alone, B alone, or a and B together". A similar explanation may also be used for lists comprising three or more items. For example, the phrases "at least one of A, B and C", "one or more of A, B and C", "A, B and/or C", each of which is intended to mean "a alone, B alone, C, A and B alone together, a and C together, B and C together, or, a and B and C together". The term "based on" as used above and in the claims is intended to mean "based at least in part on" such that unrecited features or elements are also permitted.

The subject matter described herein may be embodied in systems, apparatus, methods, and/or articles depending on a desired configuration. The implementations set forth in the foregoing description do not represent all implementations consistent with the subject matter described in this application. Rather, they are merely a few examples consistent with aspects related to the described subject matter. Although some variations have been described in detail above, other modifications or additions are possible. In particular, further features and/or variations may be provided in addition to those set forth herein. For example, the implementations described above may be directed to various combinations and subcombinations of the disclosed features and/or combinations and subcombinations of several further features disclosed above. Furthermore, the logic flows depicted in the figures and/or described in the application do not necessarily require the particular order shown, or sequential order, to achieve desirable results. Other implementations may be within the scope of the following claims.