阅读说明：本技术 基于热变形的深孔枪钻加工直线度误差预测与控制方法 (Deep hole gun drill processing straightness error prediction and control method based on thermal deformation ) 是由 李亮 谢晨 张樱 于 2021-07-15 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提出了一种基于热变形的深孔枪钻加工直线度误差预测与控制方法,首先建立工件温度变化的传热模型和热变形量模型,之后基于欧拉-伯努利梁理论,建立了多个支撑的第一阶段的深孔枪钻加工直线度误差预测模型,并获取枪钻钻尖与中心线直线度误差值e～(k)；最后通过加热装置对工件进行局部加热,工件变形量△x对e～(k)进行热补偿,以减少深孔直线度的偏差。由此,本发明可以实现通过热变形量来补偿直线度偏差。(The invention provides a method for predicting and controlling straightness error in deep hole gun drill processing based on thermal deformation k (ii) a Finally, the workpiece is locally heated through a heating device, and the deformation quantity delta x of the workpiece is opposite to e k And carrying out thermal compensation to reduce the deviation of the deep hole straightness. Therefore, the invention can realize the purpose of compensating the linearity deviation through the thermal deformation amount.)

1. A deep hole gun drill processing straightness error prediction and control method based on thermal deformation is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, firstly, establishing a heat transfer model of workpiece temperature change, and then establishing a thermal deformation model of the workpiece based on the heat transfer model; wherein the content of the first and second substances,

the heat transfer model is as follows:

wherein, t is the sample temperature;

q_m-a heat transfer coefficient;

x-sample axial position;

-time;

k₁sample thermal conductivity coefficient (cm)²S) can be obtained by finding different coefficients according to different materials

Lambda-thermal conductivity;

k₂-a correction factor;

Ψ -function ^ 1/u ^ n²)e^-u2du；

The thermal deformation model is:

Δx＝αΔLΔT；

α＝kα_m*α_t＝k(ΔL)²dL/ΔtL₁dt；

α_m＝(L₂-L₁)/[L₁(t₂-t₁)]＝(ΔL/L₁)/Δt；

α_t＝(dL/dt)ΔL；

in the formula, alpha_mThe mean linear expansion coefficient is obtained; t is t₂For the post-heating temperature of the workpiece, t₁Is the initial temperature of the workpiece;

α_t-a thermal expansion rate; l is₁Temperature t₁Length of the sample in time, mm; l is₂Temperature t₂Length of the sample in time, mm;

Δ x-amount of thermal deformation of the workpiece; Δ L-temperature at t₁And t₂Sample length change between, mm; k-adjustment factor; alpha-complex deformation coefficient; Δ T-amount of change in heating time, h;

s2, andsolving a straightness error prediction model for deep hole gun drill processing based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, and then obtaining a straightness error value e between the drill point and the central line of the gun drill through K iterations according to the straightness error prediction model_k；

S3, locally heating the workpiece by the heating device to deform the workpiece, and adjusting the heating temperature and the heating time of the heating device to realize the control of the deformation of the workpiece deformation quantity delta x, wherein the workpiece deformation quantity delta x is opposite to e_kAnd (4) carrying out thermal compensation, and finally reducing the deviation of the deep hole straightness.

2. The method for predicting and controlling straightness error in deep hole gun drilling based on thermal deformation according to claim 1, wherein the step S2 specifically comprises:

based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, aiming at any point on a drill rod, establishing a bending moment model based on a guide sleeve gap, a support interval, a drilling axial force and a support gap and boundary conditions corresponding to the bending moment model, and finally solving the bending moment model to obtain a straightness error prediction model;

s21, dividing the deep hole machining process into a first stage, a second stage and a third stage; the first stage is that the main shaft does not reach the first support;

s22, aiming at the first stage, establishing a first bending moment model M based on Euler-Bernoulli beam theory_1-1A second bending moment model M_1-2A third bending moment model M_1-3And a fourth bending moment model M_1-4(ii) a Wherein:

wherein E is the Young's modulus of the gun drill; i is the moment of inertia of the gun drill;

F_zaxial force to which the drill bit is subjected;

e_kthe error of the drill bit and the central line of the drill rod in the vertical direction is obtained;

x₁、x₂、x₃is the amount of deviation in the X direction;

R_fa support reaction force for the third support; r₂A support reaction force for the second support; r₁A support reaction force for the first support; r_xThe drill bit is supported by the hole wall;

l₁is the axial distance from the spindle clamping end to the first support; l₂The axial distance from the clamping end of the main shaft to the second support; l_fsThe axial distance from the clamping end of the main shaft to the third support;

l is the total length of the gun drill; z is the distance from any point in the axial direction to the clamping end of the main shaft; z_kRepresents an arbitrary borehole depth;

s23, simplifying the first bending moment model M_1-1A second bending moment model M_1-2A third bending moment model M_1-3And a fourth bending moment model M_1-4Obtaining a first-stage straightness error prediction model of the X direction of the drill bit:

let l_fs＝(l_fs+l_cb)；δ₃＝δ_b；R_fs＝R_b；

Wherein, U₁、V₁、U₂、V₂、U₃、V₃、U₄、V₄A solution to be solved for the first stage straightness error prediction model; delta₁Is a first support gap; delta₂A second support gap; delta₃A third support gap; delta_bIs a guide sleeve gap; l_cbThe total length of the cutting scrap collecting device and the guide sleeve;

s24, establishing boundary constraint conditions of the first-stage straightness error prediction model:

s25, solving the matrix equation, which can be expressed in a simplified form:

A₁B₁＝C₁；

B₁＝A₁ ^-1C₁；

C′₁＝[0 -e_k 0 -δ₂-δ₃-e_k -δ₁-δ₃-e_k -δ₃-e_k 0 0 -δ₁-δ₃-e_k 0 -e_k -δ₂-δ₃-e_k]；

wherein, B'₁Is B₁The transposed matrix of (2); c'₁Is C₁The transposed matrix of (2); a. the₁Expressed as a 12x12 order matrix (equation 18), C₁And B'₁Expressed as 1 × 12 order matrix form respectively:

B′₁＝[U₁ V₁ U₂ V₂ U₃ V₃ U₄ V₄ R_fs R₁ R₂ R_x]；

and S26, substituting the boundary conditions into a solution.

Wherein the gun drill bit is at_fs≤Z_sWhen any position is less than or equal to L, the first reciprocal of the straightness deviation is as follows:

thus, the deviation angle θ of the drill from the central axis_kIs equal to Z_sThe first reciprocal of the straightness deviation at L can be expressed as:

through the derivation of the formula, in the first stage of the movement of the drill rod, the error value e of the straightness of the drill point and the central line of the gun drill is_kOver K iterations can be expressed as:

e_k＝e_k-1+θ_k-1dz_s；

wherein, theta_k-the angle of the drill tip to the centre line after deflection; z-gun drill axis motion direction; x-represents a direction perpendicular to the axis; k is Z_kΔ Z represents the number of iterations, Δ Z-axial feed per revolution, Z_kRepresents an arbitrary borehole depth; e.g. of the type_k-1-the amount of deviation of the straightness after (k-1) iterations; theta_k-1-the angle of the drill tip to the centre line after (k-1) iterations.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of thermal deviation correction of deep-hole gun drill machining, and particularly relates to a thermal deformation-based method for predicting and controlling straightness error of deep-hole gun drill machining.

Background

At present, in the national key development industries of aerospace, weaponry, automobile manufacturing and the like, the requirement of small-diameter deep hole machining is more and more, and particularly the requirement of deep hole machining of titanium alloy materials, such as machining of various cabin door shaft guide rail holes in C919 large airplanes, is met. Gun drill processing is an important technical means for realizing deep hole processing. However, due to the small diameter and the long depth of the processed hole, the structure of the gun drill is complex and relatively weak, and the problem of large straightness error of the processed hole generally exists. The straightness is an important technical index in deep hole machining. Due to the particularity of equipment and a machining process, the problem of poor straightness accuracy which is difficult to predict easily occurs in the deep hole machining process, and whether the problem of the deflection of the axis of the deep hole can be solved is the key for ensuring the deep hole machining precision.

For deep hole gun drilling, as the ratio of the hole depth to the hole diameter of a processed hole exceeds 10, and the gun drill structure belongs to a typical slender shaft type part, transverse bending and vibration can be generated when a cutting tool is subjected to cutting force in the processing process. In order to restrain the disturbance of a gun drill in the machining process and reduce the straightness error of a hole, the invention provides a method for compensating the straightness deviation through the thermal deformation.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a thermal deformation-based method for predicting and controlling straightness errors in deep-hole gun drill machining, which compensates straightness deviation through thermal deformation. In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a thermal deformation-based deep hole gun drill machining straightness error prediction and control method comprises the following steps:

s1, firstly, establishing a heat transfer model of workpiece temperature change, and then establishing a thermal deformation model of the workpiece based on the heat transfer model; wherein the content of the first and second substances,

the heat transfer model is as follows:

wherein, t is the sample temperature;

q_m-heat transfer coefficient, kcal/m²H, taking values according to equipment parameters;

x-sample axial position;

-time;

k₁sample thermal conductivity coefficient (cm)²S) according toDifferent coefficients can be found from the same material

Lambda-thermal conductivity;

k₂-a correction factor;

Ψ -function ^ 1/u ^ n²)e^-u2du；

The thermal deformation model is:

Δx＝αΔLΔT；

α＝kα_m*α_t＝k(ΔL)²dL/ΔtL₁dt；

α_m＝(L₂-L₁)/[L₁(t₂-t₁)]＝(ΔL/L₁)/Δt；

α_t＝(dL/dt)ΔL；

in the formula, alpha_mThe mean linear expansion coefficient is obtained; t is t₂For the post-heating temperature of the workpiece, t₁Is the initial temperature of the workpiece;

α_tis the thermal expansion rate; l is₁Temperature t₁Length of the sample in time, mm; l is₂Temperature t₂Length of the sample in time, mm;

Δ x-amount of thermal deformation of the workpiece; Δ L-temperature at t₁And t₂Sample length change between, mm; k-adjustment factor; alpha-complex deformation coefficient; Δ T-amount of change in heating time, h;

s2, on the basis of the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, solving a straightness error prediction model for deep hole gun drill machining, and then obtaining a straightness error value e between the drill point and the center line of the gun drill through K iterations according to the straightness error prediction model_k；

S3, locally heating the workpiece by the heating device to deform the workpiece, and adjusting the heating temperature and the heating time of the heating device to realize the control of the deformation of the workpiece deformation quantity delta x, wherein the workpiece deformation quantity delta x is opposite to e_kAnd (4) carrying out thermal compensation, and finally reducing the deviation of the deep hole straightness.

Preferably, S2 specifically includes:

based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, aiming at any point on a drill rod, establishing a bending moment model based on a guide sleeve gap, a support interval, a drilling axial force and a support gap and boundary conditions corresponding to the bending moment model, and finally solving the bending moment model to obtain a straightness error prediction model;

s21, dividing the deep hole machining process into a first stage, a second stage and a third stage; the first stage is that the main shaft does not reach the first support;

s22, aiming at the first stage, establishing a first bending moment model M based on Euler-Bernoulli beam theory_1-1A second bending moment model M_1-2A third bending moment model M_1-3And a fourth bending moment model M_1-4(ii) a Wherein:

wherein E is the Young's modulus of the gun drill; i is the moment of inertia of the gun drill;

F_zaxial force to which the drill bit is subjected;

e_kthe error of the drill bit and the central line of the drill rod in the vertical direction is obtained;

x₁、x₂、x₃is the amount of deviation in the X direction;

R_fa support reaction force for the third support; r₂A support reaction force for the second support; r₁A support reaction force for the first support; r_xThe drill bit is supported by the hole wall;

l₁is the axial distance from the spindle clamping end to the first support; l₂The axial distance from the clamping end of the main shaft to the second support; l_fsThe axial distance from the clamping end of the main shaft to the third support;

l is the total length of the gun drill; z is the distance from any point in the axial direction to the clamping end of the main shaft; z_kRepresents an arbitrary borehole depth;

s23, simplifying the first bending moment model M_1-1A second bending moment model M_1-2A third bending moment model M_1-3And a fourth bending moment model M_1-4Obtaining a first-stage straightness error prediction model of the X direction of the drill bit:

let l_fs＝(l_fs+l_cb)；δ₃＝δ_b；R_fs＝R_b；

Wherein, U₁、V₁、U₂、V₂、U₃、V₃、U₄、V₄A solution to be solved for the first stage straightness error prediction model; delta₁Is a first support gap; delta₂A second support gap; delta₃A third support gap; delta_bIs a guide sleeve gap; l_cbThe total length of the cutting scrap collecting device and the guide sleeve;

s24, establishing boundary constraint conditions of the first-stage straightness error prediction model:

s25, solving the matrix equation, which can be expressed in a simplified form:

A₁B₁＝C₁；

B₁＝A₁ ^-1C₁；

C′₁＝[0 -e_k 0 -δ₂-δ₃-e_k -δ₁-δ₃-e_k -δ₃-e_k 0 0 -δ₁-δ₃-e_k 0 -e_k-δ₂-δ₃-e_k]；

wherein, B'₁Is B₁The transposed matrix of (2); c'₁Is C₁The transposed matrix of (2); a. the₁Expressed as a 12x12 order matrix (equation 18), C₁And B'₁Expressed as 1 × 12 order matrix form respectively:

B′₁＝[U₁ V₁ U₂ V₂ U₃ V₃ U₄ V₄ R_fs R₁ R₂ R_x]；

and S26, substituting the boundary conditions into a solution.

Wherein the gun drill bit is at_fs≤Z_sWhen any position is less than or equal to L, the first reciprocal of the straightness deviation is as follows:

thus, the deviation angle θ of the drill from the central axis_kIs equal to Z_sThe first reciprocal of the straightness deviation at L can be expressed as:

through the derivation of the formula, in the first stage of the movement of the drill rod, the error value e of the straightness of the drill point and the central line of the gun drill is_kOver K iterations can be expressed as:

e_k＝e_k-1+θ_k-1dz_s；

wherein, theta_k-the angle of the drill tip to the centre line after deflection; z-gun drill axis motion direction; x-represents a direction perpendicular to the axis; k is Z_kΔ Z represents the number of iterations, Δ Z-axial feed per revolution, Z_kRepresents an arbitrary borehole depth; e.g. of the type_k-1-the amount of deviation of the straightness after (k-1) iterations; theta_k-1-the angle of the drill tip to the centre line after (k-1) iterations.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: firstly, establishing a heat transfer model and a thermal deformation model of workpiece temperature change, then establishing a deep-hole gun drill processing straightness error prediction model of a first stage of multiple supports based on Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, and obtaining a gun drill point and central line straightness error value e_k(ii) a Finally, the workpiece is locally heated through a heating device, and the deformation quantity delta x of the workpiece is opposite to e_kAnd carrying out thermal compensation to reduce the deviation of the deep hole straightness.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the spindle before it reaches the first support;

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a first bending moment model M in a first stage straightness error prediction model_1-1A graph of (a);

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a second bending moment model M in the first stage straightness error prediction model_1-2A graph of (a);

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a deep-hole gun drill provided with a first support, a second support and a third support, which is analyzed by applying Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, and the bending deformation of the deep-hole gun drill is caused by insufficient rigidity of a cutter bar;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the deformation of a workpiece.

The method comprises the following steps of 1-first support, 2-second support, 3-chip collecting device, 4-guide sleeve, 5-workpiece, 6-main shaft and 7-third support.

Detailed Description

The present invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings, in which preferred embodiments of the invention are shown, it being understood that one skilled in the art may modify the invention herein described while still achieving the advantageous effects of the invention. Accordingly, the following description should be construed as broadly as possible to those skilled in the art and not as limiting the invention.

A method for predicting and controlling straightness errors of deep hole gun drill machining based on thermal deformation comprises the steps of S1-S3.

S1, firstly establishing a heat transfer model of the temperature change of the workpiece, and then establishing a thermal deformation model of the workpiece based on the heat transfer model.

(1) The heat transfer model is as follows:

wherein, t is the sample temperature;

q_m-heat transfer coefficient, kcal/m²H, taking values according to equipment parameters; such as a heating coil.

x-sample axial position;

-time;

k₁sample thermal conductivity coefficient (cm)²S) can be obtained by finding different coefficients according to different materials

Lambda-thermal conductivity;

k₂-a correction factor;

Ψ -function ^ 1/u ^ n²)e^-u2du。

(2) The thermal deformation model is:

Δx＝αΔLΔT；

α＝kα_m*α_t＝k(ΔL)²dL/ΔtL₁dt；

α_m＝(L₂-L₁)/[L₁(t₂-t₁)]＝(ΔL/L₁)/Δt；

α_t＝(dL/dt)ΔL；

in the formula, alpha_mDefining the temperature at t as the mean linear expansion coefficient₁And t₂Relative average change of length of sample corresponding to 1 deg.C change in temperature, x 10^-6/℃。

t₂For the post-heating temperature of the workpiece, t₁Is the initial temperature of the workpiece;

α_tis the thermal expansion coefficient defined as the corresponding linear thermal expansion value, x 10, at a temperature t, with a temperature change of 1 DEG C^-6/℃；

L₁Temperature t₁Length of the sample in time, mm; l is₂Temperature t₂Length of the sample in time, mm;

Δ x — amount of thermal deformation of the workpiece, as shown in FIG. 5; Δ L-temperature at t₁And t₂Sample length change between, mm; k-adjustment factor; alpha-complex deformation coefficient; Δ T-amount of change in heating time, h;

s2, as shown in figures 2-4, on the basis of the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, solving a straightness error prediction model for deep hole gun drill processing, and then obtaining a straightness error value e between the drill point and the central line of the gun drill through K iterations according to the straightness error prediction model_k. Based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, aiming at any point on a drill rod, establishing a bending moment model based on a guide sleeve gap, a support interval, a drilling axial force and a support gap and boundary conditions corresponding to the bending moment model, and finally solving the bending moment model to obtain a straightness error prediction model.

S2 specifically includes:

s21, dividing the deep hole machining process into a first stage, a second stage and a third stage; the first stage is that the main shaft does not reach the first support (0)<z<l₁). As shown in FIG. 4, according to the Euler-Bernoulli Beam theory, the straightness deviation e of the drill in the X direction at any stage_kCan be expressed by the formula (1).

e_k＝e_k-1+θ_k-1ΔZ (1)

Wherein, theta_kThe included angle between the drill point and the central line after the drill point is deviated; z represents the movement direction of the axis of the gun drill, and X represents the direction vertical to the axis; k is Z_kthe/Delta Z represents the number of iterations in the model, Delta Z represents the axial feed per revolution, Z_kRepresents an arbitrary borehole depth; e.g. of the type_k-1And theta_k-1Respectively representing the deviation of the straightness after (k-1) iterations and the included angle of the drill point and the central line.

The bending moment M (z, x) received at any point in the gun drill process can be expressed by equation (2).

Wherein I is the rotational inertia of the gun drill, which can be solved through three-dimensional software modeling, and the rotational inertia of the gun drill with different specifications is different; e is the young's modulus of the gun drill material, the drill rod material is typically 42Crmo, and its elastic modulus E is 212 Gpa.

As shown in fig. 1, a drill rod supporting system for a deep hole drilling machine tool in the prior art comprises a first support 1, a second support 2 and a chip collecting device (corresponding to a third support 3) which are rotatably mounted on a drill rod in sequence; the side of the second support 2 far away from the chip collecting device is provided with a first support 1; the first support 1, the second support 2 and the third support 7 are rotatably mounted on a drill rod, one end of the drill rod, close to the first support 1, is connected with the main shaft 6, and one end of the drill rod, close to the third support 7, is provided with a drill bit.

S22, aiming at the first stage, establishing a first bending moment model M based on Euler-Bernoulli beam theory_1-1A second bending moment model M_1-2A third bending moment model M_1-3And a fourth bending moment model M_1-4(ii) a Wherein:

wherein E is the Young's modulus of the gun drill; i is the moment of inertia of the gun drill;

F_zaxial force to which the drill bit is subjected;

e_kthe error of the drill bit and the central line of the drill rod in the vertical direction is obtained;

x₁、x₂、x₃is the amount of deviation in the X direction;

R_fa support reaction force for the third support; r₂A support reaction force for the second support; r₁A support reaction force for the first support; r_xThe drill bit is supported by the hole wall;

l₁is the axial distance from the spindle clamping end to the first support; l₂The axial distance from the clamping end of the main shaft to the second support; l_fsThe axial distance from the clamping end of the main shaft to the third support;

l is the total length of the gun drill; z is the distance from any point in the axial direction to the clamping end of the main shaft; z_kRepresents an arbitrary borehole depth;

s23, simplifying the first bending moment model M_1-1A second bending moment model M_1-2A third bending moment model M_1-3And a fourth bending moment model M_1-4Obtaining a first-stage straightness error prediction model of the X direction of the drill bit:

during the movement of the gun drill in the first stage, the third support 7 and the guide sleeve 4 can be regarded as a whole due to the relatively long distance between the main shaft 6 and the support of the chip collecting device 3 (the third support 7), and the gap of the guide sleeve 4 mainly influencing the straightness error in the initial stage is the gap of the guide sleeve 4.

Let l_fs＝(l_fs+l_cb)；δ₃＝δ_b；R_fs＝R_b；

The simplified procedure of equations (3) to (6) is as follows:

the general expressions of expressions (7) to (10) are expressions (11) to (14):

wherein, U₁、V₁、U₂、V₂、U₃、V₃、U₄、V₄A solution to be solved for the first stage straightness error prediction model; delta₁Is a first support gap; delta₂A second support gap; delta₃A third support gap; delta_bIs a guide sleeve gap; l_cbThe total length of the cutting scrap collecting device and the guide sleeve;

s24, establishing a boundary constraint condition of the first-stage straightness error prediction model, as shown in formula (15):

s25, solving the above matrix equations, i.e., equations (11) to (14), which can be expressed in simplified form:

A₁B₁＝C₁ (16)

B₁＝A₁ ^-1C₁ (17)

C′₁＝[0 -e_k 0 -δ₂-δ₃-e_k -δ₁-δ₃-e_k -δ₃-e_k 0 0 -δ₁-δ₃-e_k 0 -e_k -δ₂-δ₃-e_k]

wherein, B'₁Is B₁The transposed matrix of (2); c'₁Is C₁The transposed matrix of (2); a. the₁Expressed as a 12x12 order matrix (equation 18), C₁And B'₁Expressed as 1 × 12 order matrix form respectively:

B′₁＝[U₁ V₁ U₂ V₂ U₃ V₃ U₄ V₄ R_fs R₁ R₂ R_x]

s26, the above boundary conditions are substituted, and expression (15) is substituted into expressions (11) to (14) to solve the problem.

Wherein the gun drill bit is at_fs≤Z_sWhen any position is less than or equal to L, the first reciprocal of the straightness deviation is as follows:

thus, the deviation angle θ of the drill from the central axis_kIs equal to Z_sThe first reciprocal of the straightness deviation at L can be expressed as:

through the derivation of the formula, in the first stage of the movement of the drill rod, the error value e of the straightness of the drill point and the central line of the gun drill is_kOver K iterations can be expressed as:

e_k＝e_k-1+θ_k-1dz_s。

s3, locally heating the workpiece by the heating device to deform the workpiece, and adjusting the heating temperature and the heating time of the heating device to realize the control of the deformation of the workpiece deformation quantity delta x, wherein the workpiece deformation quantity delta x is opposite to e_kAnd (4) carrying out thermal compensation, and finally reducing the deviation of the deep hole straightness.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the present invention in any way. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.