阅读说明：本技术 一种环保酵素的制备方法及在土壤重金属修复方面的应用 (Preparation method of environment-friendly enzyme and application of environment-friendly enzyme in soil heavy metal remediation ) 是由 于德爽 于璐 姜文杰 陈光辉 于 2021-09-10 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于土壤修复技术领域,特别涉及一种环保酵素的制备方法及在土壤重金属修复方面的应用,将水、植物厨余和糖按照10:3:1的重量比混合后置于密封容器中在阴凉通风处发酵三个月以上,过滤得到的上清液即为环保酵素原液,制备的环保酵素原液能作为或制备土壤重金属钝化材料使用；其制备方法简单,具有环保、成本低、应用广泛等优点,环保酵素中的微生物和生物活性物质对土壤中的重金属进行固定,降低其迁移率和植物体对重金属的吸收；而且由于环保酵素含有大量的有机物、矿物质有机酸和微生物,在进行重金属修复的同时还可以改善土质情况,增加土壤肥力。(The invention belongs to the technical field of soil remediation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an environment-friendly enzyme and application of the environment-friendly enzyme in soil heavy metal remediation, wherein water, plant kitchen residues and sugar are mixed according to a weight ratio of 10:3:1, then the mixture is placed in a sealed container, the mixture is fermented for more than three months in a cool and ventilated place, the obtained supernatant liquid after filtration is an environment-friendly enzyme stock solution, and the prepared environment-friendly enzyme stock solution can be used as or used for preparing a soil heavy metal passivation material; the preparation method is simple, and has the advantages of environmental protection, low cost, wide application and the like, and microorganisms and bioactive substances in the environment-friendly ferment can fix heavy metals in soil, so that the mobility and the absorption of plant bodies to the heavy metals are reduced; and because the environment-friendly enzyme contains a large amount of organic matters, mineral organic acids and microorganisms, the soil condition can be improved and the soil fertility is increased while the heavy metal remediation is carried out.)

1. The preparation method of the environment-friendly enzyme is characterized by comprising the following specific steps of: mixing water, plant kitchen waste and sugar according to a weight ratio of 10:3:1, placing the mixture in a sealed container, fermenting the mixture for more than three months in a shady and ventilated place, and filtering to obtain supernatant, namely the environment-friendly ferment stock solution, wherein the sealed container needs to be opened every day for air release and stirring in the first month.

2. The method for preparing green enzyme according to claim 1, wherein the plant kitchen waste comprises pericarp and vegetable leaves; the sugar is brown sugar or glucose.

3. The use of the green enzyme prepared by the method of claim 2, wherein the green enzyme stock solution can be used as or for preparing a soil heavy metal passivation material.

4. The use of the enzyme according to claim 3, wherein the soil heavy metal is one or more of cadmium, zinc, copper, lead, manganese, nickel, mercury, and arsenic.

5. The use of the green ferment according to claim 4, wherein the process of remedying the soil heavy metal with the green ferment comprises: diluting the environmental-friendly enzyme stock solution by 1-500 times, uniformly spraying the environmental-friendly enzyme stock solution into soil, and maintaining 40-60% of water holding capacity for culture and restoration at room temperature.

The technical field is as follows:

the invention belongs to the technical field of soil remediation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an environment-friendly enzyme and application of the environment-friendly enzyme in soil heavy metal remediation, which mainly aims at the remediation of agricultural land soil polluted by heavy metal.

Background art:

the environment-friendly ferment is a ferment product which is prepared by taking animals, plants, edible fungi and the like as raw materials and carrying out microbial fermentation and contains specific bioactive components and is used for environmental management and environmental protection. Fresh vegetable and fruit leftover materials, brown sugar and water are fermented together for 3 months according to a proportion, and the brown liquid generated after the anaerobic fermentation of microorganisms is precipitated and filtered to obtain the available liquid, namely the environment-friendly ferment. The environment-friendly enzyme is beneficial to the growth and development of crops, can effectively inhibit the development of plant diseases and insect pests, and can improve the disease resistance and immunity of the crops. Research shows that the environment-friendly ferment has the functions of improving the saline-alkali property of soil and improving the soil fertility, and research results show that the environment-friendly ferment has certain effect on improving the content of organic matters and phosphorus in the soil, and the ferment fertilizer has wide application in agriculture at home and abroad. For example, CN202010825695.2 discloses an application of an environmental-friendly enzyme composition in environmental management and pest control, which comprises: in the environment treatment and pest and disease damage removal, the environment-friendly enzyme composition is sprayed in the air or on vegetation or land; the environment-friendly ferment composition comprises the following raw material components: environment-friendly enzyme and water; or environmental-friendly enzyme, vinegar and water; the environment-friendly ferment comprises the following raw material components: the preparation method of the environment-friendly enzyme comprises the following steps of: crushing waste fruits and vegetables, adding brown sugar and water into the crushed fruits and vegetables, and performing anaerobic fermentation in a dark place to prepare the environment-friendly enzyme; CN201510550835.9 discloses a method for preparing an environment-friendly enzyme by taking fruits as raw materials, which comprises the following steps: cleaning fruits and fruit peels, pretreating, and putting the fruits and the fruit peels into a container according to the weight ratio of the fruits to the water of 2: 5; adding strains with the mass of 10% -20% of that of the feed liquid into the container, adding sugar with the mass of 20% of that of the feed liquid into the container, continuously fermenting for 30-45 days, filtering, removing upper-layer suspended matters, wherein the obtained liquid is environment-friendly ferment, and after filtering, the obtained residue is environment-friendly ferment residue which can play a role in reducing the content of nitrogen and phosphorus substances in eutrophic water body of urban riverways; CN202010355751.0 discloses an environment-friendly enzyme and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the environment-friendly enzyme comprises the following raw material components in parts by mass: 3-6 parts of fruit and vegetable garbage; 1-2 parts of sugarcane; 10-20 parts of water and 0.03-0.10 part of fermentation catalyst, wherein the fermentation catalyst is an ionic liquid prepared from acidic amino acid and carbohydrate, and the provided environment-friendly enzyme can obviously improve the soil fertility and improve the total nitrogen and organic matter content in the soil. In conclusion, the existing environment-friendly ferment is mainly used for preventing insect damage and reducing nitrogen and phosphorus substances, does not relate to the aspect of soil heavy metal remediation, and is rare in practical application.

Soil heavy metals cannot be decomposed by soil microorganisms, and are easy to be accumulated and converted into methyl compounds with higher toxicity, and even some methyl compounds are accumulated in human bodies through food chains at harmful concentrations, so that the human health is seriously harmed. At present, the soil is repaired by an in-situ or ex-situ repairing method through common physical, chemical and biological repairing methods at home and abroad, wherein the physical repairing method is mainly used for the soil which has small pollution area, serious pollution and easy diffusion, and although the soil can be fundamentally improved, the treatment cost is high, secondary pollution is easy to cause, the soil structure is damaged, and the soil fertility is reduced; chemical remediation is to adopt a method of adding a stabilizer and a chelating agent into soil, reduce the mobility of heavy metals in the soil and the absorption capacity of passive plants, fix the heavy metals in the soil, but easily damage the soil structure, and has large dosage of chemical agents and high cost; bioremediation is to utilize metabolism of animals, plants or microorganisms to carry out remediation, but the remediation period is longer and the requirement on external conditions is high. Therefore, the development of a soil heavy metal ecological restoration method is urgently needed.

The environment-friendly ferment is used for repairing heavy metal contaminated soil, and is mainly used for fixing heavy metal in the soil by using microorganisms and bioactive substances in the soil, so that the mobility and the absorption of plant bodies to the heavy metal are reduced. Because the environment-friendly ferment contains a large amount of organic matters, mineral organic acids and microorganisms, the soil condition can be improved and the soil fertility is increased while the heavy metal remediation is carried out. In addition, the pollution of the domestic garbage to the environment can be reduced to a certain extent. The method has the characteristics of simple preparation, low repair cost, short repair period, no secondary pollution and the like. Therefore, the environment-friendly enzyme is used for repairing the heavy metal contaminated soil, and has important significance for environmental protection.

The invention content is as follows:

the embodiment of the invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, designs and provides a preparation method of an environment-friendly enzyme and an application of the environment-friendly enzyme in soil heavy metal remediation, and utilizes the environment-friendly enzyme to remediate heavy metal contaminated soil.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the specific process for preparing the environment-friendly enzyme of the invention comprises: mixing water, plant kitchen waste and sugar according to a weight ratio of 10:3:1, placing the mixture in a sealed container, fermenting the mixture for more than three months in a shady and ventilated place, and filtering to obtain supernatant, namely the environment-friendly ferment stock solution, wherein the sealed container needs to be opened every day for air release and stirring in the first month.

The plant kitchen waste comprises fruit peel and vegetable leaves; the sugar is brown sugar or glucose.

The sealed container is a general fermentation container.

The environment-friendly ferment stock solution can be used as or used for preparing a soil heavy metal passivation material.

The heavy metal in the soil is one or more of cadmium, zinc, copper, lead, manganese, nickel, mercury and arsenic.

The process for repairing the heavy metal in the soil by adopting the environment-friendly enzyme comprises the following steps: diluting the environmental-friendly enzyme stock solution by 1-500 times, uniformly spraying the environmental-friendly enzyme stock solution into soil, and maintaining 40-60% of water holding capacity for culture and restoration at room temperature.

Compared with the prior art, the preparation method is simple, and has the advantages of environmental protection, low cost, wide application and the like, and microorganisms and bioactive substances in the environment-friendly enzyme can fix heavy metals in soil, so that the mobility and the absorption of plant bodies to the heavy metals are reduced; and because the environment-friendly ferment contains a large amount of organic matters, mineral organic acids and microorganisms, the soil condition can be improved while the heavy metal remediation is carried out, the soil fertility is increased, in addition, the pollution of domestic garbage to the environment can be reduced to a certain extent, and the environment-friendly ferment has good application value to agricultural production and environmental protection.

Description of the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a process for preparing the enzyme of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the repairing effect of the environmental-friendly ferment of the present invention on copper in soil.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the repairing effect of the environmental-friendly ferment of the present invention on cadmium in soil.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the repairing effect of the environmental-friendly ferment of the present invention on zinc in soil.

The specific implementation mode is as follows:

in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Example 1:

this embodiment the preparation process of environmental protection ferment is: mixing water, plant kitchen waste and sugar according to the weight ratio of 10:3:1, fully and uniformly mixing, placing in a clean plastic barrel, sealing and fermenting, opening the barrel cover every day for the first month to deflate and stir, fermenting in a shady and ventilated place for more than 3 months, and filtering to obtain a supernatant part, namely the environment-friendly enzyme.

In this embodiment, the plant kitchen waste is apple, and the sugar is brown sugar.

The soil polluted by copper is gathered in this embodiment, adopts the environmental protection ferment to carry out the passivation restoration in arranging 1L flowerpot in, dilutes 100 times the environmental protection ferment of preparing, on spraying soil sample evenly, keeps 50% maximum water holding capacity and cultivates the restoration, and every 10 days take a sample, and effective state copper carries out copper content detection in extracting soil sample with the TCLP method, and the result is shown as figure 2, can see from figure 2 that the environmental protection ferment that this embodiment obtained has obvious degradation effect to heavy metal copper.

Example 2:

this embodiment the preparation process of environmental protection ferment is: mixing water, plant kitchen waste and sugar according to the weight ratio of 10:3:1, fully and uniformly mixing, placing in a clean plastic barrel, sealing and fermenting, opening the barrel cover every day for the first month to deflate and stir, fermenting in a shady and ventilated place for more than 3 months, and filtering to obtain a supernatant part, namely the environment-friendly enzyme.

In this embodiment, the plant kitchen waste is apple, and the sugar used is glucose.

In this embodiment, soil polluted by cadmium is collected, placed in a 1L flowerpot, passivated and repaired by adopting an environment-friendly enzyme, the environment-friendly enzyme is diluted by 200 times, uniformly sprayed on a soil sample, cultured and repaired by keeping 50% of the maximum water holding capacity, sampled every 10 days, and subjected to cadmium content detection by extracting effective cadmium in the soil sample by a TCLP method, and the result is shown in fig. 3, and it can be seen from fig. 3 that the environment-friendly enzyme obtained in this embodiment has an obvious effect of degrading heavy metal cadmium.

Example 3:

this embodiment the preparation process of environmental protection ferment is: mixing water, plant kitchen waste and sugar according to the weight ratio of 10:3:1, fully and uniformly mixing, placing in a clean plastic barrel, sealing and fermenting, opening the barrel cover every day for the first month to deflate and stir, fermenting in a shady and ventilated place for more than 3 months, and filtering to obtain a supernatant part, namely the environment-friendly enzyme.

In this embodiment, the plant kitchen waste is apple, and the sugar is brown sugar.

In this embodiment, soil polluted by zinc is collected, the soil is placed in a 1L flowerpot and passivated and repaired by using an environment-friendly enzyme, the environment-friendly enzyme is diluted by 100 times, the soil sample is uniformly sprayed, 60% of maximum water holding capacity is kept for cultivation and repair, a sample is taken every 10 days, effective zinc in the soil sample is extracted by using a TCLP method for zinc content detection, the result is shown in fig. 4, and it can be seen from fig. 4 that the environment-friendly enzyme obtained in this embodiment has an obvious degradation effect on heavy metal zinc.

The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.