阅读说明：本技术 一种用于研究核反应堆快速启动的试验装置 (Test device for researching rapid start of nuclear reactor ) 是由 程杰 孙奥 严一鸣 何兴 王建军 于 2021-09-09 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种用于研究核反应堆快速启动的试验装置,包括主回路、补水管路和上充旁路。主回路通过管道依次连接主泵、液体流量计、压力容器模拟体、上充泵进水口、稳压器模拟体出水接管以及蒸汽发生器模拟体。补水管路通过管道依次连接补水箱、补水泵、液体流量计、树脂除氧器和主回路管道。上充旁路通过管道依次连接主回路管道、上充泵、液体流量计和稳压器。本发明能模拟小型核动力装置在不同注水压力、不同注水水温、不同注入水的含氧量、回路不同真空度、压力容器不同加热功率、稳压器不同加热功率、蒸汽发生器不同加热功率等多种条件下的快速启动方式,为核动力装置快速启动方式的性能评价和优化改进提供充足的试验数据和可靠的技术支持。(The invention provides a test device for researching the quick start of a nuclear reactor, which comprises a main loop, a water replenishing pipeline and an upper charging bypass. The main loop is sequentially connected with a main pump, a liquid flowmeter, a pressure container simulator, an upper charging pump water inlet, a voltage stabilizer simulator water outlet connecting pipe and a steam generator simulator through pipelines. The water replenishing pipeline is sequentially connected with a water replenishing tank, a water replenishing pump, a liquid flowmeter, a resin deaerator and a main loop pipeline through pipelines. The upper charging bypass is sequentially connected with a main loop pipeline, an upper charging pump, a liquid flowmeter and a voltage stabilizer through pipelines. The invention can simulate the rapid starting mode of the small nuclear power device under various conditions of different water injection pressures, different water injection temperatures, different oxygen contents of injected water, different vacuum degrees of a loop, different heating powers of a pressure container, different heating powers of a voltage stabilizer, different heating powers of a steam generator and the like, and provides sufficient test data and reliable technical support for performance evaluation, optimization and improvement of the rapid starting mode of the nuclear power device.)

1. A test device for studying the rapid start-up of a nuclear reactor, characterized in that: the system comprises a main loop, a water supplementing pipeline and an upper charging bypass, wherein the main loop is sequentially connected with a main pump, a liquid flowmeter, a pressure container simulator, an upper charging pump water inlet, a voltage stabilizer simulator water outlet connecting pipe and a steam generator simulator through pipelines; the water replenishing pipeline is sequentially connected with a water replenishing tank, a water replenishing pump, a liquid flowmeter, a resin deaerator and a main loop pipeline through pipelines; the upper charging bypass is sequentially connected with a main loop pipeline, an upper charging pump, a liquid flow meter and a voltage stabilizer through pipelines, and electric heater elements are respectively arranged in the voltage stabilizer simulator, the pressure container simulator and the water replenishing tank; the vacuum pump is connected with an exhaust valve at the top of the pressure vessel simulator, an exhaust valve at the top of the steam generator simulator and an exhaust valve at the top of the voltage stabilizer simulator through pipelines; be provided with an isolation return circuit around the main pump, respectively be equipped with a flange joint's visual viewing aperture on pressure vessel analogue body and the steam generator analogue body top exhaust duct, the stabiliser analogue body, the pressure vessel analogue body, all be equipped with an oxygen content measurement mouth on steam generator analogue body and the resin oxygen-eliminating device low reaches pipeline, the moisturizing case, the pressure vessel analogue body, steam generator analogue body and stabiliser analogue body inside all is equipped with the thermocouple, be equipped with differential pressure sensor on the pressure vessel analogue body exit pipeline, the moisturizing return circuit, all be equipped with fluidflowmeter on main loop and the last bypass of filling.

2. A test rig for investigating the rapid start-up of a nuclear reactor as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the charging pump sends the water in the circulation of the main loop to the voltage stabilizer analog body for mixing through a charging bypass; the water supplementing pump sends water in the water supplementing tank to the resin deaerator to be deaerated and then is conveyed to the main loop to supplement water to the system; the pressure container simulator, the steam generator simulator and the voltage stabilizer simulator are located on the same horizontal plane.

3. A test rig for studying the rapid start-up of a nuclear reactor as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the vacuum pump is higher than the exhaust valve at the top of the pressure stabilizer simulator, the observation port at the top of the pressure container simulator and the observation port at the top of the steam generator simulator.

4. A test rig for studying the rapid start-up of a nuclear reactor as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the top parts of the pressure vessel simulator, the steam generator simulator and the voltage stabilizer simulator are respectively provided with an exhaust valve, and when air is exhausted, the exhaust valve is opened to communicate a vacuum pump with the pressure vessel simulator, the steam generator simulator and the voltage stabilizer simulator so as to vacuumize the pressure vessel simulator, the steam generator simulator and the voltage stabilizer simulator; during water injection, after the observation port determines that the cavity is filled with water, the exhaust valve is closed to stop the water injection into the cavity.

5. A test rig for investigating the rapid start-up of a nuclear reactor as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the top parts of the pressure vessel simulator, the steam generator simulator and the voltage stabilizer simulator are respectively provided with an exhaust valve, and when air is exhausted, the exhaust valve is opened to communicate a vacuum pump with the pressure vessel simulator, the steam generator simulator and the voltage stabilizer simulator so as to vacuumize the pressure vessel simulator, the steam generator simulator and the voltage stabilizer simulator; during water injection, after the observation port determines that the cavity is filled with water, the exhaust valve is closed to stop the water injection into the cavity.

6. A test rig for studying the rapid start-up of a nuclear reactor as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the inlet and outlet of the pressure container analog body and the inlet and outlet of the steam generator analog body are respectively provided with a throttle valve.

7. A test rig for investigating the rapid start-up of a nuclear reactor as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the inlet and outlet of the pressure container analog body and the inlet and outlet of the steam generator analog body are respectively provided with a throttle valve.

8. A test rig for studying the rapid start-up of a nuclear reactor as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the bottom of the voltage stabilizer simulator body is provided with a blowoff valve.

9. A test rig for investigating the rapid start-up of a nuclear reactor as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the bottom of the voltage stabilizer simulator body is provided with a blowoff valve.

10. A test rig for investigating the rapid start-up of a nuclear reactor as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the bottom of the voltage stabilizer simulator body is provided with a blowoff valve.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a test device for researching the quick start of a nuclear reactor, belonging to the field of nuclear engineering.

Background

In the cold-state starting process of the traditional pressurized water reactor nuclear power device, because of the dynamic exhaust process, the main pump needs to be repeatedly started to remove dissolved oxygen in the main coolant system, and therefore, the starting time is long. The exhaust method has high requirements on the main pump and poor exhaust effect. For small nuclear power plants, it is a preferred embodiment to use a special start-up regime to significantly reduce the start-up time, since the water charge in the circuit is small. The system loop of the small nuclear power device is simplified, and the water content of the system is small, so that a foundation is provided for developing the research of a quick start test.

At present, some methods for rapid start-up of nuclear power plants are disclosed in patents and literature. The methods specifically adopt different means and operations, but the principles are basically the same. Some methods stay at a theoretical level, and the effectiveness of the methods can be verified only by carrying out experiments on the methods. Some quick starting methods are directly applied to the existing pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant, and due to the fact that the actual reactor starting cost is high, multiple starting operations cannot be carried out to find out the defects existing in the exhaust method and the places needing optimization.

Therefore, there is a need for a reliable, easy to operate, low cost test rig for studying rapid startup of a pressurized water reactor that can simulate a small nuclear power plant in a variety of rapid startup regimes. By comparing these different rapid startup modes, the rapid startup mode of the pressurized water reactor is comprehensively evaluated.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a test device for researching the quick start of a nuclear reactor. The test device can simulate the quick starting mode of the small nuclear power device under various conditions of different water injection pressures, different water injection temperatures, different oxygen contents of injected water, different vacuum degrees of a loop, different heating powers of a pressure container, different heating powers of a voltage stabilizer, different heating powers of a steam generator and the like. Therefore, sufficient test data and reliable technical support are provided for performance evaluation and optimization improvement of a rapid starting mode of the nuclear power plant.

The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: the system comprises a main loop, a water supplementing pipeline and an upper charging bypass, wherein the main loop is sequentially connected with a main pump, a liquid flowmeter, a pressure container simulator, an upper charging pump water inlet, a voltage stabilizer simulator water outlet connecting pipe and a steam generator simulator through pipelines; the water replenishing pipeline is sequentially connected with a water replenishing tank, a water replenishing pump, a liquid flowmeter, a resin deaerator and a main loop pipeline through pipelines; the upper charging bypass is sequentially connected with a main loop pipeline, an upper charging pump, a liquid flow meter and a voltage stabilizer through pipelines, and electric heater elements are respectively arranged in the voltage stabilizer simulator, the pressure container simulator and the water replenishing tank; the vacuum pump is connected with an exhaust valve at the top of the pressure vessel simulator, an exhaust valve at the top of the steam generator simulator and an exhaust valve at the top of the voltage stabilizer simulator through pipelines; be provided with an isolation return circuit around the main pump, respectively be equipped with a flange joint's visual viewing aperture on pressure vessel analogue body and the steam generator analogue body top exhaust duct, the stabiliser analogue body, the pressure vessel analogue body, all be equipped with an oxygen content measurement mouth on steam generator analogue body and the resin oxygen-eliminating device low reaches pipeline, the moisturizing case, the pressure vessel analogue body, steam generator analogue body and stabiliser analogue body inside all is equipped with the thermocouple, be equipped with differential pressure sensor on the pressure vessel analogue body exit pipeline, the moisturizing return circuit, all be equipped with fluidflowmeter on main loop and the last bypass of filling.

The invention also includes such structural features:

1. the charging pump sends the water in the circulation of the main loop to the voltage stabilizer analog body for mixing through a charging bypass; the water supplementing pump sends water in the water supplementing tank to the resin deaerator to be deaerated and then is conveyed to the main loop to supplement water to the system; the pressure container simulator, the steam generator simulator and the voltage stabilizer simulator are located on the same horizontal plane.

2. The vacuum pump is higher than the exhaust valve at the top of the pressure stabilizer simulator, the observation port at the top of the pressure container simulator and the observation port at the top of the steam generator simulator.

3. The top parts of the pressure vessel simulator, the steam generator simulator and the voltage stabilizer simulator are respectively provided with an exhaust valve, and when air is exhausted, the exhaust valve is opened to communicate a vacuum pump with the pressure vessel simulator, the steam generator simulator and the voltage stabilizer simulator so as to vacuumize the pressure vessel simulator, the steam generator simulator and the voltage stabilizer simulator; during water injection, after the observation port determines that the cavity is filled with water, the exhaust valve is closed to stop the water injection into the cavity.

4. The inlet and outlet of the pressure container analog body and the inlet and outlet of the steam generator analog body are respectively provided with a throttle valve.

5. The bottom of the voltage stabilizer simulator body is provided with a blowoff valve.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the device can simulate the rapid starting of the nuclear power device under various conditions at lower cost. The test device is high in safety and simple to operate, and can complete validity verification of a special starting mode of quickly starting a pressurized water nuclear reactor by vacuumizing and injecting deaerated water in a matched mode at low cost, so that sufficient test data and reliable technical support are provided for performance evaluation, optimization and improvement of the special starting mode of quickly starting a nuclear power device. The device can realize that:

(1) experimental study of water injection start at different vacuum degrees of the test loop.

(2) And (3) experimental research of quick system starting under different water supply oxygen content conditions.

(3) And (3) experimental research of quick system starting at different water replenishing rates.

(4) And (4) experimental research on quick starting of the system under the conditions of different water injection temperatures.

(5) And (3) carrying out test research on quick start of the system under the conditions of different pressure vessel simulation body heating powers, different voltage stabilizer simulation body heating powers and different steam generator simulation body heating powers.

(6) This test device has designed the bypass return circuit of main pump, isolates the main pump from the main loop when the system evacuation, avoids causing the damage to the main pump.

(7) This testing device has designed and has filled the bypass, and it fills the pump through filling the bypass on with main loop well circulating water suction stabiliser analog body for the hydroenergy in the stabiliser analog body can participate in the circulation of main loop and go, also can avoid the fluidic difference in temperature too big in the fluidic and the main loop of stabiliser analog body simultaneously, reduces thermal stress.

(8) The observation ports are arranged on the top exhaust pipelines of the pressure vessel simulator and the steam generator simulator, so that whether the inside of the simulator is filled with the gas or not can be observed

(9) The flow resistance of the simulation body can be adjusted by arranging throttle valves at the inlet and outlet of the simulation body of the pressure vessel and the simulation body of the steam generator and matching with a differential pressure gauge, so that the resistance of the simulation body is matched with that of an actual reactor device.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.

In the figure 1, a pressure container simulator, 106, a vacuum meter, 101, 901 observation ports, 103, 104, 903, 904 shutoff valves, 102, 902, 1402 exhaust valves, 107, 907, 1407 safety valves, 1403, 1404, 1405 ball valves, 2, 7, 12, 19 electric heaters, 3 and a resin deaerator; 4. resin refueling channel, 5, liquid flow meter, 6, water replenishing pump, 8, water replenishing tank, 9, steam generator analog body, 10, main pump, 13, liquid level meter, 14, voltage stabilizer analog body, 15, vacuum pump, 16, gas flow meter, 11, 17 liquid flow meter, 18, charging pump, 109, 309, 909, 1409 oxygen content measuring port.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

The whole testing device comprises a water supplementing tank, a pressure container simulator, a steam generator simulator, a voltage stabilizer simulator, a resin deaerator, a main pump, an upper charging pump, a vacuum pump, a liquid flowmeter, a gas flowmeter, a temperature measuring system, a flow measuring system, a pressure measuring system and a data acquisition system.

The invention comprises a main loop, a water replenishing pipeline and an upper charging bypass. The main loop is sequentially connected with a main pump, a liquid flowmeter, a pressure container simulator, an upper charging pump water inlet, a voltage stabilizer simulator water outlet connecting pipe and a steam generator simulator through pipelines. The water replenishing pipeline is sequentially connected with a water replenishing tank, a water replenishing pump, a liquid flowmeter, a resin deaerator and a main loop pipeline through pipelines. The upper charging bypass is sequentially connected with a main loop pipeline, an upper charging pump, a liquid flowmeter and a voltage stabilizer through pipelines. The vacuum pump is connected with an exhaust valve at the top of the pressure vessel simulator, an exhaust valve at the top of the steam generator simulator and an exhaust valve at the top of the voltage stabilizer simulator through pipelines. And the water replenishing pump conveys water in the water replenishing tank to the resin deaerator for deaerating, and then conveys the water to the main loop for replenishing water to the system. Electric heater elements are respectively arranged in the pressure stabilizer simulator body, the pressure container simulator body and the water replenishing tank, and the water temperature of the water replenishing and the water temperature of the circulating water in the main loop can be controlled through the three groups of electric heaters. The upper charging pump sends the water in the circulation of the main loop to the voltage stabilizer analog body through the upper charging bypass for mixing, so that the water in the voltage stabilizer analog body can participate in the circulation of the main loop, the temperature rise speed of the water in the main loop is improved, and the starting process of the whole device is accelerated. An isolation loop is arranged around the main pump. When the main loop is vacuumized, the main pump is required to be separated from the main loop by controlling the valve of the isolation loop, so that cavitation erosion of the main pump is prevented. The pressure container simulator, the steam generator simulator and the voltage stabilizer simulator are located on the same horizontal plane. The vacuum pump is higher than the exhaust valve at the top of the pressure stabilizer simulator, the observation port at the top of the pressure container simulator and the observation port at the top of the steam generator simulator. The pressure vessel simulator and the steam generator simulator are respectively provided with a flange-connected visual observation port on the top exhaust pipeline and are made of transparent glass, and whether the pressure vessel simulator and the steam generator simulator are filled with water or not can be determined in the water injection process through the observation ports.

The top of the pressure vessel simulator, the top of the steam generator simulator and the top of the pressure stabilizer simulator are respectively provided with an exhaust valve. When air is pumped out, the vacuum pump can be communicated with the pressure container simulator, the steam generator simulator and the voltage stabilizer simulator by opening the exhaust valve so as to be vacuumized; during water injection, after the observation port determines that the cavity is filled with water, the exhaust valve is closed to stop the water injection into the cavity.

The inlet and outlet of the pressure vessel analog body and the inlet and outlet of the steam generator analog body are respectively provided with a throttle valve for adjusting the flow resistance of the pressure vessel analog body and the steam generator analog body. The bottom of the voltage stabilizer simulator body is provided with a blowoff valve. When the water level in the analogue body of the voltage stabilizer is too high, the excessive water is discharged by opening the drain valve. The water replenishing loop, the main loop and the upper charging bypass are provided with liquid flow meters for measuring the water flow rate; the gas flowmeter is arranged in the air pumping pipeline and used for measuring the air pumping speed. The pressure stabilizer simulator, the pressure container simulator, the steam generator simulator and the downstream pipeline of the resin deaerator are all provided with an oxygen content measuring port, and the oxygen content of water in the regions can be measured through the oxygen content measuring ports in the test process. Thermocouples are arranged inside the water replenishing tank, the pressure container simulator, the steam generator simulator and the voltage stabilizer simulator and used for measuring the temperature of the water inside. The inlet and outlet pipelines of the pressure container simulator are provided with differential pressure sensors for measuring the differential pressure of the section. The temperature, flow and differential pressure data in the test are all input into a computer by an NI data acquisition system, and the test data are acquired, calculated and displayed by specially programmed software.

The whole structure of the test device mainly comprises a pressure container simulator 1, observation ports 101 and 901, a vacuum meter 106, shutoff valves 103, 104, 903 and 904, exhaust valves 102, 902 and 1402, safety valves 107, 907 and 1407, a differential pressure transmitter 105, electric heaters 2, 7 and 12 and a resin deaerator 3; the system comprises a resin refueling channel 4, a liquid flowmeter 5, a water replenishing pump 6, a water replenishing tank 8, a steam generator analog body 9, a main pump 10, a liquid level meter 13, a voltage stabilizer analog body 14, a vacuum pump 15, a gas flowmeter 16, liquid flowmeters 11 and 17, an upper charging pump 18 and oxygen content measuring ports 109, 309, 909 and 1409.

When the device is used for starting loops at different vacuum degrees, the technical scheme 1 is as follows: firstly, the electric heater 7 is started to heat water 8 in the water tank, the temperature rise condition of the water in the water tank is observed through the acquisition system, and the electric heater 7 is closed when the temperature reaches the specified temperature. The exhaust valves 102, 902, 1402 are opened, the vacuum pump 15 is started, and the rate of evacuation is monitored by the gas flow meter 16 to gradually decrease the main circuit pressure at a certain evacuation rate. The vacuum degree change of the loop is observed through the pressure gauge 106, when the loop pressure is reduced to the designated vacuum degree, the vacuum pump 15 and the air extraction valve are stopped to maintain for a period of time, whether the pressure in the main loop is changed or not is observed, and whether the loop leaks air or not is checked. After confirming that the vacuum state of the loop can be normally maintained, opening a pipeline valve, injecting water into a water supplementing system by using a water supplementing pump 6, and monitoring the water supplementing rate by using a liquid flowmeter 5. The resin deaerator 3 is refilled through the resin refilling channel 4, and water in the water replenishing pipeline is deaerated by the resin deaerator 3. And then communicating an isolation pipeline of the main pump 10 to inject water and exhaust gas into the isolation pipeline, isolating the main pump 10 again, opening a connecting valve of a water supplementing system and the main loop system, monitoring the water injection rate through a liquid flowmeter 11, and injecting water into the main loop system at a certain speed. In the process, the water level is observed through the observation ports 101 and 901, the exhaust valve is closed after the interiors of the simulators 1 and 9 are filled with water, then the display liquid level of the liquid level meter 13 on the voltage stabilizer simulator is observed, the water replenishing pump 6 is closed after the voltage stabilizer simulator 14 reaches the specified water level, the air suction valves 102, 902 and 1402 and the water replenishing pipeline valve are closed, and the main loop is isolated. And (3) turning on the electric heater 12 of the voltage stabilizer simulator body, heating the water in the voltage stabilizer simulator body 14 to the saturation temperature under the corresponding pressure, evaporating the water, and raising the pressure in the voltage stabilizer simulator body 14 until the pressure reaches the condition of turning on the main pump 10. The method comprises the steps of communicating a main pump isolation loop with a main loop system, starting a main pump 10, an upper charging pump 18 and an electric heater 12 inside a voltage stabilizer simulator, heating and boosting the main loop, establishing flow circulation, monitoring the flow in the upper charging bypass through a liquid flow meter 17 in the upper charging bypass, monitoring the pressure difference between an inlet and an outlet of the pressure container simulator through a differential pressure meter 105, adjusting the flow resistance of the pressure container simulator and the steam generator simulator through throttle valves 103, 104, 903 and 904, paying attention to the data of loop temperature, pressure and the like in the process, and simultaneously leading out a small amount of water through an oxygen content measuring port 19 to measure the oxygen content of the loop. And (4) opening an exhaust valve 1402 at the top of the voltage stabilizer simulator body for exhausting, and closing the exhaust valve 1402 after confirming that the non-condensable gas is exhausted. Finally, the electric heaters 2, 12 and 19 are started as required, and the system pressure and temperature are enabled to reach the required value, namely the starting is finished. In the above process, if the pressure inside the circuit exceeds the normal working pressure due to other reasons, so that the safety valve 107, 907 or 1407 is automatically opened, the high-temperature steam in the main circuit is exhausted to the atmosphere through the pipeline connected with the safety valve, and the automatic pressure relief is completed.

When the system is used for quickly starting a loop under the condition of different oxygen contents of make-up water, the technical scheme is as follows: by adopting the operation mode in the technical scheme 1 and adjusting the deoxidization efficiency of the resin deaerator, the system can be quickly started under the conditions of different water supply oxygen contents. After the water is supplemented to the loop, the deoxygenated water can be led out through the oxygen content measuring ports 109, 309, 909 and 1409, and the oxygen content in the water is measured by using an oxygen meter.

When being used for system quick start under different moisturizing rates, its technical scheme is: by adopting the operation mode in the technical scheme 1, the control of the water supplementing rate is realized by adjusting the opening degree of the valve on the bypass at the position of the water supplementing pump 6, and the water supplementing rate is monitored by the flowmeter 5.

When being used for system quick start under different moisturizing temperature, its technical scheme is: by adopting the operation mode in the technical scheme 1 and adjusting the heating power and the heating time of the electric heater 7, the system can be quickly started under different water supplementing and water temperature conditions, and the water supplementing and water temperature can be monitored by a thermocouple.

When the system is quickly started under the conditions of different heating powers of the pressure container simulator, the voltage stabilizer simulator and the evaporator simulator, the technical scheme is as follows: by adopting the operation mode in the technical scheme 1, the system is quickly started under the conditions of different heating powers of the pressure container simulator, the voltage stabilizer simulator and the evaporator simulator by adjusting the heating powers of the electric heaters 2, 19 and 12.

It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications can be made to the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, or some or all of the technical features can be equivalently replaced, without departing from the essence of the corresponding technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention.