阅读说明：本技术 Pcr仪温控模块、温控系统及其控制方法 (Temperature control module of PCR instrument, temperature control system and control method thereof ) 是由 王学光 吉俊利 周志图 于 2021-09-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了PCR仪温控模块、温控系统及其控制方法,散热器相对的两侧分别设置至少一个散热风扇；散热器包括吸热板、若干导热管及若干散热鳞片。温控模块由散热器与散热风扇一起工作进行散热,实现瞬间散热,散热速度更快速,而且空气流吸热能力强,散热量更大,使得温控模块得以快速达到目标温度,有利于缩短检测周期。制冷器的工作功率根据由驱动器根据增量值进行随机调整,使得温控模块实现快速升温或降温的同时,还兼顾了温度的稳定,缩短检测周期的同时,提高了目标温度的准确度,进而提高了检测结果的准确度。(The invention discloses a temperature control module, a temperature control system and a control method of a PCR instrument, wherein two opposite sides of a radiator are respectively provided with at least one radiating fan; the radiator comprises a heat absorption plate, a plurality of heat conduction pipes and a plurality of radiating scales. The temperature control module is used for radiating heat by working together with the radiator and the radiating fan, instant heat radiation is realized, the radiating speed is higher, the heat absorption capacity of air flow is strong, and the heat radiation capacity is larger, so that the temperature control module can quickly reach the target temperature, and the detection period is favorably shortened. The working power of the refrigerator is randomly adjusted according to the incremental value by the driver, so that the temperature control module can realize rapid heating or cooling and also give consideration to the stability of temperature, the detection period is shortened, the accuracy of the target temperature is improved, and the accuracy of the detection result is improved.)

1. The utility model provides a PCR appearance temperature control module which characterized in that: at least one cooling fan (103) is respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the radiator (101);

the radiator (101) comprises a heat absorption plate (1011), a plurality of heat conduction pipes (1012) and a plurality of radiating scales (1013); a plurality of heat dissipation scales (1013) are vertically arranged on the bottom surface of the heat absorption plate (1011), and gaps are formed between every two adjacent heat dissipation scales (1013); the heat conduction pipes (1012) are provided with an upper transverse pipe part and a lower transverse pipe part which are connected, the upper transverse pipe part spans on the heat absorption plate (1011), and the lower transverse pipe part traverses on the heat dissipation scales (1013).

2. The temperature control module of claim 1, wherein: the blowing directions of the cooling fans (103) on the two sides of the radiator (101) are consistent; the heat dissipation scale (1013) is orthogonal to the heat dissipation fan (103).

3. The temperature control module of claim 1, wherein: the upper transverse pipe parts of the plurality of heat conduction pipes (1012) are gathered and arranged in the middle area of the heat absorption plate (1011), and the lower transverse pipe parts of the plurality of heat conduction pipes (1012) are divergently distributed at each part of the length direction of the heat dissipation scales (1013); the heat transfer plate (1014) is arranged at the front part of the top surface of the heat absorption plate (1011), the heat transfer plate (1014) covers the upper parts of the upper cross pipe parts of the heat conduction pipes (1012), and the heating refrigerator (4) is arranged on the heat transfer plate (1014); the heat conduction pipes (1012) are U-shaped pipes, the upper transverse pipe parts are connected with the lower transverse pipe parts through bent pipe parts, and the upper transverse pipe parts and the lower transverse pipe parts are orthogonally arranged with the plurality of radiating scales (1013).

4. The temperature control module of claim 1, wherein: the heat radiation fan (103) is fixed on the radiator (101) through a bracket (102); the support (102) is L-shaped and is provided with a vertical part and a horizontal part, the vertical part is parallel to the side surface of the radiator (101), the vertical part plate surface is provided with through heat dissipation holes (1021) corresponding to each heat dissipation fan (103), the horizontal part is turned outwards in the direction away from the radiator (101), and the heat dissipation fans (103) are placed on the horizontal part.

5. The temperature control module of claim 1, wherein: the heat absorbing plate (1011) is a copper plate; the heat conduction pipe (1012) is a hollow copper pipe, and heat conduction liquid is injected in the pipe.

6. A temperature control system of a PCR instrument is characterized in that: the temperature control module is used for controlling the temperature control module according to any one of claims 1 to 5, the central processing unit (1) is respectively connected with the protocol interface (2), the driver (3) and the sensor (5) through lines, the driver (3) is connected with the heating refrigerator (4) through lines, and the heating refrigerator (4) and the sensor (5) are arranged in the temperature control module (10) of the PCR instrument.

7. A control method of a temperature control system of a PCR instrument is characterized in that: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,

the CPU (1) receives the preset temperature T₀Coefficient of proportionality K_PIntegral coefficient K_IDifferential coefficient K_DAnd the system real-time temperature T acquired by the sensor (5)_k；

Obtaining a temperature difference value e (k) = T according to a temperature deviation formula_k- T₀；

Obtaining an increment value delta u (K) = K according to a system control model_P(e(k)-e(k-1))+ K_I(e(k))+K_D(e(k)+e(k-2)-2(e(k-1)))；

Sending an adjustment instruction to the driver (3) according to the increment value;

the driver (3) drives the heating refrigerator (4) to work under corresponding power coefficient according to the adjusting instruction, and adjusts the temperature of the temperature control module (10).

8. According to the claimThe control method according to claim 7, characterized in that: coefficient of proportionality K_PThe numerical range of (1) is 200-600, and the integral coefficient K_IHas a value of 100 to 300 and a differential coefficient K_DThe numerical range of (A) is 0 to 20.

9. The control method according to claim 7, characterized in that: real-time temperature T of system_kAnd a predetermined temperature T₀When the difference is large, the working power coefficient of the heating refrigerator (4) is 1; real-time temperature T of system_kNear the preset temperature T₀When the temperature is higher than the set temperature, the working power coefficient of the heating refrigerator (4) is gradually reduced to ensure the real-time temperature T of the system_kGradually approaches the preset temperature T₀(ii) a Real-time temperature T of system_kReaches a preset temperature T₀After the temperature is reached, the working power coefficient of the heating refrigerator (4) is randomly changed along with the heat dissipation condition of the system, and the refrigerating capacity and the heat dissipation capacity of the heating refrigerator (4) are balanced.

10. The control method according to claim 7, characterized in that: corresponding to different preset temperatures T in the central processing unit (1)₀The values are respectively provided with threshold values, and the real-time temperature T of the system is measured_kWhen the output power is higher than the corresponding threshold value, the central processing unit (1) sends out a forced instruction, and the output power of the heating refrigerator (4) is reduced to zero through the driver (3);

the initial values of e (k-1) and e (k-2) are 0; preset temperature T₀Coefficient of proportionality K_PIntegral coefficient K_IDifferential coefficient K_DThe input is transmitted to the central processing unit (1) from the protocol interface (2) through the protocol interface (2); the central processing unit (1) receives the preset temperature T₀And then, updating the preset temperature value of the system, and returning a successful receiving instruction to the protocol interface (2).

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of temperature control of a PCR (polymerase chain reaction) instrument, in particular to a temperature control module, a temperature control system and a control method of the PCR instrument.

Background

The PCR instrument, also known as PCR gene amplification instrument, PCR nucleic acid amplification instrument, is an instrument for amplifying specific DNA, and is widely used in medical and biological laboratories, for example, for diagnosis of infectious diseases and paternity testing.

The PCR instrument generally comprises a control module, a temperature control module, a photoelectric module, a mechanical module, a power module, software (control and data processing software), and the like, wherein the temperature control module has important significance for the temperature accuracy and uniformity of the PCR instrument. A fast fluorescence quantitative detector (patent application number: 2020228424392) discloses a temperature control module in the fast fluorescence quantitative detector, which comprises a heat-conducting slide arranged at the bottom of a PCR chip, a heating and refrigerating sheet arranged at the bottom of the heat-conducting slide, and a heat dissipation device arranged below the heating and refrigerating sheet. Wherein, heat abstractor is including setting up at the air pipe of heating refrigeration piece below and setting up the exhaust fan in air pipe, air pipe both ends opening is equipped with dustproof otter board, realizes the interior gas circulation heat dissipation of pipeline under the effect of exhaust fan. However, the cooling speed of the cooling device cannot meet the market demand of current rapid detection, the problems of long time for cooling to the target temperature and poor temperature uniformity and temperature accuracy exist, the report time of the detection result is long, and the response speed of epidemic prevention, epidemic prevention and epidemic control is directly influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

The applicant aims at the defects of the existing temperature control system of the PCR instrument, and provides a temperature control module of the PCR instrument, a temperature control system and a control method thereof, which are reasonable in structure, so that the temperature can be increased and decreased quickly and accurately, the detection period is shortened, and the accuracy of the detection result is improved.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a temperature control module of a PCR instrument is characterized in that two opposite sides of a radiator are respectively provided with at least one radiating fan;

the radiator comprises a heat absorption plate, a plurality of heat conduction pipes and a plurality of radiating scales; the heat dissipation scales are vertically arranged on the bottom surface of the heat absorption plate, and gaps are formed between every two adjacent heat dissipation scales; the heat conduction pipe is provided with an upper transverse pipe part and a lower transverse pipe part which are connected, the upper transverse pipe part spans across the heat absorption plate, and the lower transverse pipe part traverses across the plurality of heat dissipation scales.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution:

the blowing directions of the cooling fans at the two sides of the radiator are consistent; the radiating fins are orthogonal to the radiating fan.

The upper transverse pipe parts of the heat conduction pipes are gathered and arranged in the middle area of the heat absorption plate, and the lower transverse pipe parts of the heat conduction pipes are divergently distributed at each part in the length direction of the heat dissipation scales; the heat transfer plate is arranged at the front part of the top surface of the heat absorption plate, the heat transfer plate covers right above the upper cross pipe parts of the plurality of heat conduction pipes, and the heating refrigerator is arranged on the heat transfer plate; the heat conduction pipe is a U-shaped pipe, the upper transverse pipe part is connected with the lower transverse pipe part through the bent pipe part, and the upper transverse pipe part and the lower transverse pipe part are orthogonally arranged with the plurality of radiating scales.

The heat radiation fan is fixed on the radiator through the bracket; the support is L type, has vertical portion and horizontal part, and vertical portion is parallel with the side of radiator, corresponds every radiator fan on the vertical portion face and sets up the louvre that link up respectively, and the horizontal part outwards turns out towards the direction of keeping away from the radiator, and radiator fan places on the horizontal part.

The heat absorbing plate is a copper plate; the heat conduction pipe is a hollow copper pipe, and heat conduction liquid is injected into the heat conduction pipe.

A temperature control system of a PCR instrument is used for controlling the temperature control module, a central processing unit is respectively connected with a protocol interface, a driver and a sensor through lines, the driver is connected with a heating refrigerator through a line, and the heating refrigerator and the sensor are arranged in the temperature control module of the PCR instrument.

A control method of a temperature control system of a PCR instrument comprises the following steps,

the CPU receives the preset temperature T₀Coefficient of proportionality K_PIntegral coefficient K_IDifferential coefficient K_DAnd the system real-time temperature T acquired by the sensor_k；

Obtaining a temperature difference value e (k) = T according to a temperature deviation formula_k- T₀；

Obtaining an increment value delta u (K) = K according to a system control model_P（e（k）-e（k-1））+ K_I（e（k））+K_D（e（k）+e（k-2）-2（e（k-1）））；

Sending an adjusting instruction to the driver according to the increment value;

and the driver drives the heating refrigerator to work under the corresponding power coefficient according to the adjusting instruction, and adjusts the temperature of the temperature control module.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution:

coefficient of proportionality K_PThe numerical range of (1) is 200-600, and the integral coefficient K_IHas a value of 100 to 300 and a differential coefficient K_DThe numerical range of (A) is 0 to 20.

Real-time temperature T of system_kAnd a predetermined temperature T₀When the difference is large, the working power coefficient of the heating refrigerator is 1; real-time temperature T of system_kNear the preset temperature T₀When the temperature is higher than the set temperature, the working power coefficient of the heating and refrigerating device is gradually reduced to ensure the real-time temperature T of the system_kGradually approaches the preset temperature T₀(ii) a Real-time temperature T of system_kReaches a preset temperature T₀After the temperature is reached, the working power coefficient of the heating refrigerator changes randomly along with the heat dissipation condition of the system, and the refrigerating capacity and the heat dissipation capacity of the heating refrigerator are balanced.

Corresponding different preset temperatures T in the central processing unit₀The values are respectively provided with threshold values, when the real-time temperature Tk of the system is higher than the corresponding threshold value, the central processing unit sends out a forced instruction, and the output power of the heating refrigerator is reduced to zero through the driver;

the initial values of e (k-1) and e (k-2) are 0; preset temperature T₀Coefficient of proportionality K_PIntegral coefficient K_IDifferential coefficient K_DThe input is from the protocol interface, and the transmission is to the central processing unit by the protocol interface; the CPU receives the preset temperature T₀And then, updating the preset temperature value of the system, and returning the successfully received instruction to the protocol interface.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) the temperature control module is used for radiating heat by working together with a radiator (heat transfer element for heat transfer) and a radiating fan (air flow for heat absorption), the radiator is directly contacted with a heating refrigerator to quickly conduct heat, the air flow provided by the radiating fan quickly absorbs the heat transferred out of the radiator and quickly discharges the heat, the heat is quickly discharged, instant heat dissipation is realized, the heat dissipation speed is higher, the heat absorption capacity of the air flow is high, the heat dissipation capacity is larger, the temperature control module can quickly reach the target temperature, and the detection period is favorably shortened.

(2) The heating refrigerator is located directly over the cross tube portion on all the heat pipes that the gathering was arranged, and the heat pipe dispersion is to the length direction of heat dissipation scale for on the heat of heating refrigerator can be conducted all heat pipes rapidly, then the whole cooling surface of heat dissipation scale is transmitted to the fast dispersion, more does benefit to the heat and is absorbed rapidly, the conduction, dispels the heat, and the radiating rate is faster.

(3) The absorber plate is the copper, compares in prior art's aluminium absorber plate, and copper conductivity is higher, and heat transfer rate is faster, dispels the heat more rapidly. The heat conduction pipe is a copper pipe, the copper pipe is a hollow pipe, heat conduction liquid is injected into the pipe, when the temperature rises, liquid at the bottom of the copper pipe evaporates to absorb heat, the heat is transferred to the heat dissipation scales, then the temperature is reduced and condensed into liquid, the liquid flows back to the bottom of the copper pipe, and the heat conduction efficiency is high.

(4) The working power of the refrigerator is randomly adjusted according to the incremental value by the driver, so that the temperature control module can realize rapid heating or cooling and also give consideration to the stability of temperature, the detection period is shortened, the accuracy of the target temperature is improved, and the accuracy of the detection result is improved.

(5) The system control model adopts a reasonable ratioExample coefficient K_PIntegral coefficient K_IDifferential coefficient K_DCan carry out accurate control to temperature control module's temperature, be favorable to promoting the speed of heating and cooling, improve and go up and down to the degree of accuracy of target temperature, shorten detection cycle, improve the degree of accuracy of testing result.

(6) Corresponding different preset temperatures T in the central processing unit₀The values are also respectively provided with a threshold value, and when the real-time temperature T of the system is_kWhen the temperature is higher than the corresponding threshold value, the central processing unit sends out a forced instruction, the output power of the refrigerator is reduced to zero through the driver, and the overtemperature protection is carried out on the temperature control module.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat dissipation module according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat sink.

Fig. 3 is a system architecture diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a control flow chart of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a graph of the real-time temperature of the system versus the chiller operating power coefficient.

1. A central processing unit; 2. a protocol interface; 3. a driver; 4. heating a refrigerator; 5. a sensor; 6. a chip carrier plate;

10. a temperature control module; 101. a heat sink; 1011. a heat absorbing plate; 1012. a heat conducting pipe; 1013. heat dissipation scales; 1014. a heat transfer plate; 102. a support; 1021. heat dissipation holes; 103. a heat radiation fan; 104. an arrow;

T₀presetting temperature; t is_kThe real-time temperature of the system; k_PA proportionality coefficient; k_IAn integral coefficient; k_DAnd a differential coefficient.

Detailed Description

The following describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.

As shown in fig. 1, which is a schematic structural diagram of a temperature control module 10 of the present invention, the temperature control module 10 includes a heat sink 101 and a plurality of heat dissipation fans 103, the left and right sides of the heat sink 101 are respectively fixed with a bracket 102 through a fastener, each bracket 102 is fixed with at least one heat dissipation fan 103, in this embodiment, each bracket 102 is respectively provided with two heat dissipation fans 103 in parallel, that is, two opposite sides of the heat sink 101 are respectively provided with two heat dissipation fans 103, blowing directions of the heat dissipation fans 103 on the two sides of the heat sink 101 are the same, that is, an air inlet side and the heat dissipation fan 103 on an air outlet side blow in the same direction, a flow direction of the heat dissipation air is shown by an arrow 104 in the figure, air blows into the heat sink 101 from the heat dissipation fan 103 on one side, absorbs heat of the heat sink 101 to become hot air, and then is discharged from the heat dissipation fan 103 on the other side. The support 102 is L-shaped, and has a vertical portion and a horizontal portion, the vertical portion is parallel to the side surface of the heat sink 101, the vertical portion has through heat dissipation holes 1021 corresponding to each heat dissipation fan 103, the horizontal portion is turned outwards in a direction away from the heat sink 101, the horizontal portion is used for placing the heat dissipation fan 103, and the heat dissipation fan 103 is fixed on the support 102 through a fastening member. The top surface of the heat sink 101 is provided with a heating and cooling device 4, the chip carrier 6 is disposed above the heating and cooling device 4, the chip carrier 6 is used for placing a reaction chip (not shown in the figure), and during detection, the chip carrier 6 transfers the temperature of the heating and cooling device 4 to the reaction chip to provide a target temperature for the PCR gene. And a sensor 5 is arranged on the heating refrigerator 4 and used for acquiring real-time temperature and monitoring the real-time temperature of the system.

As shown in fig. 2, the heat sink 101 includes a heat absorbing plate 1011, a plurality of heat pipes 1012 and a plurality of heat dissipating fins 1013; the heat absorbing plate 1011 is a copper plate, and compared with an aluminum heat absorbing plate in the prior art, the heat absorbing plate has the advantages of higher conductivity of the copper plate, higher heat transfer speed and quicker heat dissipation; the heat conduction pipe 1012 is a copper pipe, the copper pipe is a hollow pipe, heat conduction liquid is injected into the pipe, when the temperature rises, the liquid at the bottom of the copper pipe evaporates and absorbs heat, the heat is transferred to the heat dissipation scale 1013, then the temperature is reduced and condensed into liquid, the liquid flows back to the bottom of the copper pipe, and the circulation is carried out, so that the heat conduction efficiency is high. A plurality of heat dissipating scales 1013 are vertically arranged on the bottom surface of the heat absorbing plate 1011, and a gap is formed between adjacent heat dissipating scales 1013. The heat pipe 1012 is a horizontal U-shaped pipe, including the upper horizontal pipe portion, the bent pipe portion and the lower horizontal pipe portion that link to each other in proper order, the upper horizontal pipe portion, the lower horizontal pipe portion is arranged with a plurality of heat dissipation scale 1013 quadrature, the upper horizontal pipe portion imbeds in the absorber plate 1011, span the whole width of absorber plate 1011, the bent pipe portion stretches out outside absorber plate 1011 and heat dissipation scale 1013, the lower horizontal pipe portion penetrates from the heat dissipation scale 1013 of one side, pass all heat dissipation scales 1013 perpendicularly, wear out from the heat dissipation scale 1013 of the opposite side, guarantee that the heat pipe 1012 leads the heat to all heat dissipation scales 1013, during the detection, the heat conducts simultaneously to all heat dissipation scales 1013 through the absorber plate 1011 and a plurality of heat pipe 1012 and dispels the heat, the heat dissipation capacity is bigger, the heat dissipation is quicker. The upper horizontal pipe parts of the plurality of heat conduction pipes 1012 are gathered and arranged in the middle area of the heat absorption plate 1011, and the lower horizontal pipe parts of the plurality of heat conduction pipes 1012 are divergently distributed at each part of the heat dissipation scale 1013 in the length direction; the heat transfer plate 1014 is arranged on the front part of the top surface of the heat absorbing plate 1011, the heat transfer plate 1014 covers the upper horizontal pipe part of the heat conduction pipes 1012, as shown in fig. 1, the heating refrigerator 4 is arranged on the heat transfer plate 1014, because the heating refrigerator 4 is arranged on the upper horizontal pipe part of all the heat conduction pipes 1012 arranged in a gathering way, and the heat conduction pipes 1012 are dispersed to the length direction of the heat dissipation scale 1013, so that the heat of the heating refrigerator 4 can be quickly conducted to all the heat conduction pipes 1012 and then quickly dispersed to the whole heat dissipation surface of the heat dissipation scale 1013, the heat dissipation scale 1013 is the area with the largest heat dissipation capacity on the heat sink 101, the area of the heat dissipation scale 1013 mainly affects the maximum heat dissipation capacity of passive heat dissipation, because the heat is diffused from heat to cold, when the high temperature generated by the heating refrigerator 4 is diffused through the heat sink 101, and is diffused from the high temperature area to the low temperature area, therefore, the area of the heat dissipation scale 1013 is larger, it means that the more low temperature regions of the heat sink 101 (the normal temperature of common metal is not higher than the heating temperature of the heating and cooling unit 4, and therefore it belongs to the low temperature region compared with the heating and cooling unit 4 with high heating), the more low temperature regions, the higher the theoretically average absorbed heat, the stronger the passive heat dissipation capability, and the faster the heat dissipation speed. The heat dissipating scale 1013 is orthogonal to the heat dissipating fan 103, i.e. the heat dissipating scale 1013 is parallel to the direction of the heat dissipating air flow (the direction of the arrow 104), so that the air flow blown by the heat dissipating fan 103 can pass through the gap between adjacent heat dissipating scales 1013, absorb the heat of the heat dissipating scale 1013, and then be taken out of the heat sink 101.

When in actual use, the heating refrigerator 4 works and generates heat, the heat radiator 101 absorbs the heat from the heating refrigerator 4 through the heat transfer plate 1014, and the heat transfer plate 1014 transfers the heat to the heat absorption plate 1011 and the heat conduction pipe 1012, and further transfers the heat to the plurality of radiating fins 1013 for passive heat radiation; meanwhile, the heat dissipation fans 103 on both sides of the heat sink 101 are turned on, so that air is blown into the space between the plurality of heat dissipation scales 1013 from the heat dissipation fan 103 on the air inlet side, and after a large amount of heat on each heat dissipation scale 1013 is rapidly absorbed, the air is blown out from the heat dissipation fan 103 on the air outlet side to actively dissipate heat. The temperature control module 10 is cooled by the work of the radiator 101 (heat transfer element heat transfer) and the cooling fan 103 (air flow heat absorption), the radiator 101 directly contacts with the heating refrigerator 4 to conduct heat out quickly, the air flow provided by the cooling fan 103 absorbs the heat transferred out from the radiator 101 quickly and discharges the heat quickly, the heat is discharged quickly, instant heat dissipation is realized, the heat dissipation speed is higher, the air flow heat absorption capacity is high, the heat dissipation capacity is larger, the temperature control module 10 can reach the target temperature quickly, and the detection period is favorably shortened.

As shown in fig. 3, which is an architecture diagram of the temperature control system of the present invention, the central processing unit 1 is respectively connected to the protocol interface 2, the driver 3, and the sensor 5 through lines, the driver 3 is connected to the heating and cooling device 4 through lines, and the heating and cooling device 4 and the sensor 5 are disposed on the temperature control module 10 of the PCR instrument. The protocol interface 2 can input a preset temperature T₀A proportional coefficient K required for controlling the model_PIntegral coefficient K_IDifferential coefficient K_DThe sensor 5 collects the system real-time temperature T of the temperature control module 10_kThe CPU 1 is used for controlling the real-time temperature T according to the system_kAnd a predetermined temperature T₀The deviation is processed and an adjusting instruction is sent to the driver 3, the driver 3 drives the heating refrigerator 4 to work according to the adjusting instruction, and the temperature control module 10 is subjected to heat preservation, temperature rise or temperature reduction, so that the real-time temperature T of the system is realized_kAnd a predetermined temperature T₀And (4) matching.

As shown in fig. 4, a control flow chart of the present invention includes the following specific control steps:

(1) inputting the preset temperature T required by the system control model into the central processing unit 1 from the protocol interface 2₀Coefficient of proportionality K_PIntegral coefficient K_IDifferential coefficient K_DThe protocol interface 2 transmits each value to the central processing unit 1 through a line, and the central processing unit 1 receives the preset temperature T₀Then, updating the preset temperature value of the system, and returning a successful receiving instruction to the protocol interface 2; preset temperature T₀Setting according to the temperature value required by PCR gene amplification reaction, and respectively setting different values corresponding to the gene amplification for realizing denaturation, annealing and extension; coefficient of proportionality K_PThe numerical range of (1) is 200-600, and the integral coefficient K_IHas a value of 100 to 300 and a differential coefficient K_DThe numerical range of (A) is 0-20, and a system control model adopts a reasonable proportionality coefficient K_PIntegral coefficient K_IDifferential coefficient K_DThe temperature of the temperature control module 10 can be accurately controlled, so that the temperature rising and falling speed is favorably improved, the accuracy of rising and falling to the target temperature is improved, the detection period is shortened, and the accuracy of the detection result is improved;

(2) real-time system temperature T of sensor 5 to temperature control module 10_kCollecting and transmitting real-time temperature data to the central processing unit 1;

(3) the CPU 1 receives the preset temperature T₀And the real-time temperature T of the system_kThen, obtaining a temperature difference value e (k) according to a temperature deviation formula:

e(k)=T_k- T₀；

judging whether the temperature difference value e (k) is 0 or not, and if the difference value e (k) is 0, indicating that the real-time temperature of the system reaches the preset temperature; if the difference e (k) is not 0, executing the next step;

(4) the central processing unit 1 obtains an increment value delta u (k) according to a system control model:

delta u(k)= K_P(e(k)-e(k-1))+ K_I(e(k))+K_D(e(k)+e(k-2)-2(e(k-1))),

the initial values of e (k-1) and e (k-2) are 0;

(5) the central processor 1 sends an adjustment instruction to the driver 3 according to the increment value delta u (k);

(6) the driver 3 drives the heating refrigerator 4 to work under the corresponding power coefficient according to the adjusting instruction, and adjusts the temperature of the temperature control module 10 to enable the real-time temperature T of the system_kReaches a preset temperature T₀。

And (4) regulating the temperature of the temperature control module 10 repeatedly according to the steps (2) to (6) until the detection is finished according to the heat dissipation condition of the system.

As shown in fig. 5, when the system real-time temperature T_kAnd a predetermined temperature T₀When the difference is large, the working power coefficient of the heating and cooling device 4 is 1, that is, the heating and cooling device 4 runs at full power, so as to realize rapid temperature rise or temperature reduction, and the real-time temperature T of the system of the temperature control module 10 is enabled_kQuickly to a preset temperature T₀Approaching; when the real-time temperature T of the system_kRising or falling to near the preset temperature T₀In the process, the working power coefficient of the heating refrigerator 4 is gradually reduced to ensure the real-time temperature T of the system_kGradually approaches the preset temperature T₀(ii) a When the real-time temperature T of the system_kReaches a preset temperature T₀After the temperature is reached, the temperature control module 10 is stably maintained at the preset temperature T due to the continuous heat dissipation of other components of the PCR instrument₀The driver 3 controls the heating refrigerator 4 to continuously work under the corresponding power coefficient according to the adjusting instruction, so that the refrigerating capacity and the heat dissipation capacity of the heating refrigerator 4 are balanced; because the heat dissipation conditions of other components of the PCR instrument are random, the working power coefficient of the heating and cooling unit 4 is also random, i.e. the working power coefficient of the heating and cooling unit 4 is randomly changed along with the heat dissipation conditions of the system, so that the temperature of the temperature control module 10 is constant at the preset temperature T₀Performing a gene amplification reaction. The working power of the heating refrigerator 4 is randomly adjusted according to the increment value delta u (k) by the driver 3, so that the temperature control module 10 can realize rapid heating or cooling, the temperature is stable, the detection period is shortened, the accuracy of the target temperature is improved, and the accuracy of the detection result is improved.

For preventing accidents, the CPU 1 is set to correspond to different preset temperatures T₀The values are also respectively provided with a threshold value, and when the real-time temperature T of the system is_kWhen the temperature is higher than the corresponding threshold value, the central processing unit 1 sends out a forced instruction, the output power of the heating refrigerator 4 is reduced to zero through the driver 3, and the overtemperature protection is performed on the temperature control module 10.

The foregoing description is illustrative of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting thereof, as the invention may be modified in any manner without departing from the spirit thereof.