阅读说明：本技术 一种用于芳纶纤维增强复合材料切削加工的pcd复合刀具 (PCD composite cutter for cutting aramid fiber reinforced composite material ) 是由 苏飞 蒋正文 徐丽 李纯杰 李时春 陈冰 于 2021-09-28 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种用于芳纶纤维增强复合材料切削加工的PCD复合刀具,包括切削部和柄部,切削部设有两个从端部延伸至柄部的排屑槽,两个排屑槽将切削部主体部分分成两个主切削刃瓣,主切削刃瓣上设有多个右螺旋槽,相邻两个右螺旋槽之间的主体部分构成副切削刃瓣,在刀具旋转方向上副切削刃瓣前侧与右螺旋槽的后侧相交形成右螺旋切削刃,在刀具旋转方向上排屑槽的后侧面设有PCD刀片,切削部还包括多组拉屑槽,每一组拉屑槽包括呈左螺旋式分布的多个拉屑槽,每一组的各拉屑槽对应设置各副切削刃瓣上,多组拉屑槽沿右螺旋槽间隔布置。本发明可有效减少加工中产生的抽丝拉毛缺陷,解决了絮状切屑难以排出的难题,提高了加工效率和加工质量。(The invention discloses a PCD composite cutter for cutting aramid fiber reinforced composite material, which comprises a cutting part and a handle part, wherein the cutting part is provided with two chip grooves extending from the end part to the handle part, the main body part of the cutting part is divided into two main cutting blade sections by the two chip grooves, the main cutting blade sections are provided with a plurality of right spiral grooves, the main body part between two adjacent right spiral grooves forms an auxiliary cutting blade section, the front side of the auxiliary cutting blade section is intersected with the rear side of the right spiral groove in the rotating direction of the cutter to form a right spiral cutting edge, the rear side of the chip grooves in the rotating direction of the cutter is provided with a PCD blade, the cutting part also comprises a plurality of chip pulling grooves, each chip pulling groove group comprises a plurality of chip pulling grooves distributed in a left spiral manner, each chip pulling groove of each group is correspondingly arranged on each auxiliary cutting blade section, and the plurality of chip pulling grooves are arranged at intervals along the right spiral groove. The invention can effectively reduce the defects of wire drawing and galling in processing, solves the problem that flocculent cuttings are difficult to discharge, and improves the processing efficiency and the processing quality.)

1. A PCD composite tool for aramid fiber reinforced composite material cutting processing, comprising a cutting part (2) and a handle part (1), and is characterized in that: the cutting part (2) is provided with two chip grooves (3) extending from the end part to the handle part (1), the two chip grooves (3) divide the main body part of the cutting part (2) into two main cutting blade lobes (4), a plurality of right spiral grooves (5) are arranged on the main cutting blade lobes (4), the main body part between every two adjacent right spiral grooves (5) forms an auxiliary cutting blade lobe (6), the front side of the auxiliary cutting blade lobe (6) is intersected with the rear side of the right spiral groove (5) in the rotating direction of the cutter to form a right spiral cutting edge (8), the rear side M2 of each chip groove (3) in the rotating direction of the cutter is provided with a PCD blade (9), the diameter of an excircle of each PCD blade (9) is larger than or equal to the diameter of an excircle of the right spiral cutting edge (8), the cutting part (2) further comprises a plurality of chip grooves (10), and each chip groove (10) comprises a plurality of chip grooves (10) which are distributed in a left spiral manner, each chip pulling groove (10) of each group is correspondingly arranged on each auxiliary cutting blade (6), and the multiple groups of chip pulling grooves (10) are arranged at intervals along the right spiral groove (5) from the starting point of the right spiral groove (5).

2. The PCD composite cutter for aramid fiber reinforced composite cutting machining according to claim 1, characterized in that: the chip pulling grooves (10) are 'tiger' shaped grooves with the front opening width B11 smaller than the rear opening width B12.

3. The PCD composite cutter for aramid fiber reinforced composite cutting machining according to claim 1, characterized in that: the end part of the main cutting blade lobe (4) is provided with an end edge (11), and the PCD blade (9) extends to the end edge (11).

4. The PCD composite cutter for aramid fiber reinforced composite cutting machining according to claim 1, characterized in that: the right helical cutting edge (8) is tangential to the PCD blade (9).

5. The PCD composite tool for cutting aramid fiber reinforced composite materials according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the front side M1 of the chip groove (3) is perpendicular to the rear side M2.

6. The PCD composite tool for cutting aramid fiber reinforced composite materials according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the two PCD blades (9) are parallel to each other.

7. The PCD composite tool for cutting aramid fiber reinforced composite materials according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the axial length of the PCD blade (9) is L1, the axial lengths of a plurality of groups of chip pulling grooves (10) are L2, the axial length of the right spiral cutting edge (8) is L3, and L1 is more than L2 and more than L3.

8. The PCD composite tool for cutting aramid fiber reinforced composite materials according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the difference value between the diameter of the circumscribed circle of the PCD blade (9) and the diameter of the circumscribed circle of the right spiral cutting edge (8) is delta, and the delta range is (1.4-2.3) multiplied by 10^-3mm。

9. The PCD composite tool for cutting aramid fiber reinforced composite materials according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the distance between two adjacent chip pulling grooves (10) on the secondary cutting land (6) is B1, the distance between two adjacent right spiral cutting edges (8) is B2, and B1 is less than B2.

10. The PCD composite tool for cutting aramid fiber reinforced composite materials according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the right spiral cutting edge (8) is a sharp-nose-shaped cutting edge, the edge height h is 1.0mm, the normal front angle gamma 1 is 10-20 degrees, the normal rear angle gamma 2 is 10-15 degrees, a fillet is arranged between the right spiral cutting edge (8) and the right spiral groove (5), and the radius R1 of the fillet is 0.2-0.6 mm.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of milling tools, in particular to a PCD composite cutter for cutting aramid fiber reinforced composite materials.

Background

Aramid fiber composite materials (AFRP) have received strong attention and wide application in the field of armor protection because of their excellent properties such as ultra-high strength, high modulus, etc. The AFRP has high absorption capacity under high strain rate, has excellent armor bulletproof performance, is widely applied to various bulletproof armors, and has the use thickness of basically 10-20 mm. If a plurality of connecting fastening holes with the aperture larger than 6mm need to be machined on a component made of the AFRP material, the traditional mechanical machining is usually adopted. However, the AFRP has the characteristics of high toughness, high strength and the like, is difficult to be cut or broken, is very easy to generate the defects of wire drawing and galling, tearing, layering, rough hole wall and the like in processing, and has the technical problems of difficult chip removal of flocculent chips, serious cutter abrasion and the like, thereby seriously restricting the popularization and application of the AFRP material.

Disclosure of Invention

The PCD composite cutter for cutting aramid fiber reinforced composite materials is capable of effectively reducing the defects of wire drawing and galling generated in the machining process, solving the technical problem that flocculent cuttings are difficult to discharge, reducing the defects of milling and machining, and improving machining efficiency and machining quality.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a PCD composite structure cutter for aramid fiber reinforced composite material cutting processing comprises a cutting part and a handle part, wherein the cutting part is provided with two chip grooves extending from the end part to the handle part, the two chip grooves divide the main body part of the cutting part into two main cutting blade lobes, the main cutting blade lobes are provided with a plurality of right spiral grooves, the main body part between every two adjacent right spiral grooves forms an auxiliary cutting blade lobe, the front side of the auxiliary cutting blade lobe is intersected with the rear side of the right spiral groove in the rotating direction of the cutter to form a right spiral cutting edge, the rear side M2 of the chip grooves in the rotating direction of the cutter is provided with a PCD blade, the diameter of the circumscribed circle of the PCD blade is larger than or equal to the diameter of the circumscribed circle of the right spiral cutting edge, the cutting part also comprises a plurality of chip pulling grooves, each chip pulling groove group comprises a plurality of chip pulling grooves distributed in a left spiral manner, and each chip pulling groove of each group is correspondingly arranged on each auxiliary cutting lobe, the multiple groups of chip pulling grooves are arranged at intervals along the right spiral groove from the starting point of the right spiral groove.

As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the chip pulling grooves are 'tiger' shaped grooves with the front opening width B11 smaller than the rear opening width B12.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, an end edge is provided at an end of the main cutting land, and the PCD insert extends to the end edge.

As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the right spiral cutting edge is tangent to the PCD blade.

As a further improvement of the above solution, the front side M1 of the flute is perpendicular to the rear side M2.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the two PCD blades are parallel to each other.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the axial length of the PCD insert is L1, the axial lengths of the multiple groups of chip flutes are L2, and the axial length of the right helical cutting edge is L3, L1 < L2 < L3.

As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the difference value between the diameter of the circumscribed circle of the PCD blade and the diameter of the circumscribed circle of the right spiral cutting edge is delta, and the delta range is (1.4-2.3) multiplied by 10^-3mm。

As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the distance between two adjacent chip pulling grooves on the secondary cutting edge lobe is B1, the distance between two adjacent right spiral cutting edges is B2, and B1 is less than B2.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the right helical cutting edge is a sharp-nose-shaped cutting edge, the edge height h is 1.0mm, the normal rake angle γ 1 is 10 ° to 20 °, the normal relief angle γ 2 is 10 ° to 15 °, a fillet is provided between the right helical cutting edge and the right helical groove, and the radius R1 of the fillet is 0.2 mm to 0.6 mm.

The innovation of the invention is that: at present, the PCD blade can only be in a straight edge type, and a complex edge type is difficult to achieve, so the invention designs a composite structure type cutter by combining the toughness characteristic of the aramid fiber composite material and adopting the drawing and cutting idea. In order to hold the aramid fiber, a chip pulling groove which is spirally arranged is designed on the circumferential surface of the right spiral cutting edge. The right spiral cutting edge is divided into tooth-shaped edges by the spaced chip pulling grooves, the tooth-shaped edges play a role in finishing the machined surface, and the chip pulling grooves are mainly used for scraping and pulling. The scraping function is to collect the broken filaments generated in the cutting process, and the pulling function is to pull the broken filaments on the basis of the scraping function, so that the PCD blade can cut off the broken filaments smoothly. In order to realize the 'scraping' and 'pulling' as much as possible and the process effect of smoothly discharging the cut broken filaments, the 'tiger' shaped groove with a small front opening and an enlarged rear opening is designed, and the 'tiger' chip pulling groove is designed for better scraping and pulling fibers on one hand and smoothly discharging chips after being cut by the rear-edge PCD blade while being pulled on the other hand. In addition, because the thermal conductivity and the thermal expansion of the PCD blade and the right spiral cutting edge (hard alloy material) are obviously different, a certain difference value needs to be designed between the PCD blade and the right spiral cutting edge, the edges of the PCD blade and the right spiral cutting edge can cut the material after the cutting temperature is increased, and the cutting effect is achieved. The PCD composite structure cutter for cutting aramid fiber reinforced composite materials can effectively reduce the defects of wire drawing and galling generated in the machining process and solve the technical problem that flocculent cuttings are difficult to discharge, thereby reducing the defects of milling and machining and improving the machining efficiency and the machining quality.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

according to the PCD composite tool for cutting aramid fiber reinforced composite materials, the right spiral cutting edge and the PCD blade cut fibers of the aramid fiber reinforced composite materials, the PCD blade plays a role in cutting main allowance, the tooth-shaped blade formed by the right spiral cutting edge plays a role in scraping and finishing, the chip pulling grooves collect and wind produced broken filaments, pull the broken filaments, cut the broken filaments through the sharp PCD blade, and finally discharge flocculent chips smoothly through the left spiral structure which is specific to each group of the plurality of chip pulling grooves 10, so that the filament drawing and hair drawing defects of the milling process of the aramid fiber reinforced composite materials are reduced, the surface precision of a processed surface is effectively improved, the smooth discharge of the flocculent chips is realized, and the processing quality is further improved. Meanwhile, the PCD blade has the characteristics of high hardness and abrasion resistance, so that the problem that the cutter is easy to abrade is effectively solved. In addition, besides the chip removal groove and the right spiral groove, the chip removal space can be ensured due to the special opening and the edge-shaped structure of the chip removal groove, chips are easier to discharge while the broken filaments generated in the processing process are collected and wound, and the problem that flocculent chips generated in the processing of aramid fiber composite materials are difficult to discharge is effectively solved.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a front view of a PCD composite cutter for aramid fiber reinforced composite cutting machining of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is an end view of a PCD composite cutter for aramid fiber reinforced composite cutting machining of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of fig. 1 rotated 90 ° clockwise.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of fig. 2 rotated 90 ° clockwise.

Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the chip-pulling groove of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a partial schematic view of a right helical flute and a right helical cutting edge of the present invention.

The reference numerals in the figures denote:

1. a handle; 2. a cutting portion; 3. a chip groove; 4. a primary cutting land; 5. a right helical groove; 6. a secondary cutting land; 8. a right helical cutting edge; 9. a PCD blade; 10. chip pulling grooves; 11. an end blade.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples of the specification.

As shown in fig. 1 to 6, the PCD composite cutting tool for aramid fiber reinforced composite material cutting processing of the present embodiment includes a cutting portion 2 and a shank 1, and the cutting portion 2 is provided with two flutes 3 extending from an end portion (a head portion of the cutting portion 2) to the shank 1. The two chip grooves 3 divide the main body part of the cutting part 2 into two main cutting edge steps 4, three right spiral grooves 5 are arranged on the main cutting edge steps 4, and the main body part between two adjacent right spiral grooves 5 forms an auxiliary cutting edge step 6. A right helical cutting edge 8 is formed by the intersection of the front side of the secondary cutting land 6 and the rear side of the right helical flute 5 in the tool rotational direction (the rotational direction is the clockwise arrow F in fig. 2). The rear side surface M2 of the chip groove 3 in the tool rotation direction is provided with a PCD insert 9, and the circumscribed circle diameter D1 of the PCD insert 9 is equal to or greater than the circumscribed circle diameter D2 of the right helical cutting edge 8. The cutting part 2 further comprises a plurality of groups of chip pulling grooves 10, each group of chip pulling grooves 10 comprises a plurality of chip pulling grooves 10 distributed in a left spiral mode, each group of chip pulling grooves 10 is correspondingly arranged on each auxiliary cutting edge lobe 6, and the plurality of groups of chip pulling grooves 10 are arranged at intervals along the right spiral groove 5 from the starting point of the right spiral groove 5. The right helical flute 5 starts at the end of the cutting part 2. The PCD insert 9 also extends to the end of the cutting portion 2, i.e. in the axial direction, the starting point of the PCD insert 9 substantially coincides with the starting point of the chip flute 10.

In this embodiment, the cutting edge of the PCD tip 9 is mainly on the circumferential surface, the cutting edge is arranged in parallel with the right spiral cutting edge 8, the PCD tip 9 and the right spiral cutting edge 8 participate in cutting successively, the chip pulling groove 10 plays a role in assisting in cutting by galling, and the chip pulling groove 10 divides the right spiral cutting edge 8 into a plurality of tooth-shaped edges (i.e., a convex portion between two adjacent chip pulling grooves 10). The PCD insert 9 and the chip groove 10 are overlapped in the axial direction, and both can be cut at the same time. The main cutting land 4 is provided with a plurality of right spiral grooves 5 and a plurality of right spiral cutting edges 8, so that on one hand, the number of the cutting edges is increased, the cutting capability is enhanced, the contact area with a workpiece is also reduced, the abrasion with the workpiece is reduced, and on the other hand, the chips can be removed more easily.

This PCD combined cutting tool, when aramid fiber combined material's processing, right spiral cutting edge 8 and PCD blade 9 cut off aramid fiber combined material's fibre, PCD blade 9 plays the effect of the main surplus of cutting, the profile of tooth sword that right spiral cutting edge 8 formed plays the effect of "scraping" and repairment, draw chip groove 10 to collect and twine the broken filament that produces, and hold the broken filament, PCD blade 9 sharp rethread cuts off it, finally, every a set of a plurality of chip grooves 10 of rethreading are peculiar to be left spiral structure and discharge flocculent smear metal smoothly, thereby reduce the filamentation fearnaught defect of aramid fiber combined material milling processing, the surface accuracy of working face has effectively been improved, the smooth discharge of flocculent smear metal has been realized, make processingquality have had further improvement. Meanwhile, the PCD blade 9 has the characteristics of high hardness and abrasion resistance, so that the problem that the cutter is easy to abrade is effectively solved. In addition, besides the chip removal groove 3 and the right spiral groove 5, the chip removal space can be ensured by the chip pulling groove 10 due to the special opening and edge-shaped structure of the chip pulling groove, chips can be discharged more easily while the broken filaments generated in the processing process are collected and wound, and the problem that flocculent chips generated in the processing of aramid fiber composite materials are difficult to discharge is effectively solved.

It should be noted that, since the starting point of the PCD tip 9 substantially coincides with the starting point of the chip puller 10, the cut hair in the chip puller 10 can be cut by the PCD tip 9, the cut hair can be more easily discharged from the chip puller 10, and the chip puller 10 is provided in the left-handed spiral type, which is advantageous in that: when the tool is used for rotary cutting, the right spiral groove 5 guides chips and broken filaments upwards to flow to the upper surface of a workpiece, but the chips and the broken filaments cannot be contacted with the PCD blade 9 after being discharged upwards, the plurality of chip pulling grooves 10 of each group are set to be left-handed, when the tool is used for rotary cutting, the chip pulling grooves 10 play a role in scraping and pulling the broken filaments, the scraped broken filaments are guided downwards to the PCD blade 9 along the left-handed direction, the broken filaments are further cut by the PCD blade 9, the cut broken filaments enter the right spiral groove 5, and the workpiece surface is discharged upwards by the right spiral groove 5. It should be further noted that, when the spiral hole milling or edge milling is performed, the right spiral cutting edge 8 forms an axially downward pressing force on the hole inlet surface layer material, presses, fixes and cuts the surface layer material; the chip pulling grooves 10 form an axial upward pressing force on the surface layer material of the pore outlets, so that the defects of layering and tearing caused by downward axial force on the material can be effectively avoided.

In the present embodiment, the right-hand helix angle of the right-hand helical cutting edge 8 is α 1, and α 1 is preferably 10 °. The left-handed helix angle of each set of flutes 10 is α 2, with α 2 preferably being 30 °. The included angle between two adjacent right-handed cutting edges 8 is α 3, and α 3 is preferably 35 °.

In this embodiment, chip groove 10 is a "tiger's mouth" groove having a front mouth width B11 smaller than a rear mouth width B12. The chip pulling groove 10 is mainly designed to scrape and pull, so that the 'tiger' groove with a small front opening and an enlarged rear opening can better scrape and pull fibers, and the chips can be more easily and smoothly discharged after being cut by the PCD blade 9 while being pulled. The inner side wall of the front opening of the chip pulling groove 10 is rounded R2, and R2 is 0.2-0.4 mm.

In the embodiment, the distance between two adjacent chip pulling grooves 10 on the auxiliary cutting land 6 is B1, the distance between two adjacent right spiral cutting edges 8 is B2, B1 is less than B2, B1 is preferably 1.5-2.0 mm, and the groove depth h1 of each chip pulling groove 10 is 0.4-0.6 mm. The right spiral cutting edge 8 is a sharp-nose-shaped cutting edge, and the edge height (namely the groove depth of the right spiral groove 5) h is 1.0 mm. The normal front angle gamma 1 of the right spiral cutting edge 8 is 10-20 degrees, and the normal back angle gamma 2 is 10-15 degrees. A fillet is arranged between the right spiral cutting edge 8 and the right spiral groove 5, and the radius R1 of the fillet is 0.2-0.6 mm.

In this embodiment, the end of the main cutting land 4 is provided with an end edge 11 (drill point), and the PCD insert 9 extends to the end edge 11. The end edge 11 performs the cutting action at the beginning of the milling. The angle of inclination of the end blade 11 (the angle between the end blade 11 and the horizontal when the tool is upright) is β, preferably 10 °.

In the circumferential direction, the right spiral cutting edge 8 is tangent to the PCD blade 9, so that the tangent can enable the PCD blade and the PCD blade to be smoothly transited. The chip grooves 3 are straight grooves, and the front side surfaces M1 are perpendicular to the rear side surfaces M2. The two PCD blades 9 are parallel to each other.

In the embodiment, the axial length of the PCD blade 9 is L1, the axial lengths of the multiple groups of chip pulling grooves 10 are L2, the axial length of the right spiral cutting edge 8 is L3, and L1 is more than L2 and more than L3. L1 is preferably 15mm, L2 is preferably 20mm and L3 is preferably 30 mm. The total length L4 of the cutter is preferably 80 mm. The axial length of the chip-pulling groove 10 is about two-thirds of the axial length of the right helical cutting edge 8.

In the present embodiment, the right helical cutting edge 8 is formed such that the difference between the circumscribed circle diameter D1 of the PCD insert 9 and the circumscribed circle diameter D2 of the right helical cutting edge 8 is δ, i.e., D1-D2 are δ, and δ is in the range of (1.4 to 2.3) × 10^-3mm. Because the milling temperature is usually between 100 ℃ and 300 ℃, the chip pulling groove 10 and the PCD blade 9 made of hard alloy materials will generate thermal expansion deformation during processing, and the thermal expansion coefficient of the hard alloy is (4.5-6.5) multiplied by 10^-6A coefficient of thermal expansion of 0.9 to 1.18 x 10 in PCD^-6/° K (coefficient small and not easy to expand) from the formula of thermal expansion coefficientThe diameter offset delta can be calculated, the chip pulling groove 10 is effectively prevented from scraping the processing surface, the PCD blade 9 can cut broken filaments in time during processing, and the precision of the processing surface is ensured.

Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make numerous possible variations and modifications to the present invention, or modify equivalent embodiments to equivalent variations, without departing from the scope of the invention, using the teachings disclosed above. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the technical scheme of the present invention, unless the technical spirit of the present invention departs from the content of the technical scheme of the present invention.