阅读说明：本技术 支架搬运车及其轴荷转移量的控制方法 (Support carrier and control method for axle load transfer amount thereof ) 是由 王丽威 赵远 刘德宁 王娜 李文军 王治伟 王建斌 潘成杰 肖洪彬 韩霏 姚志功 于 2021-10-15 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种支架搬运车及其轴荷转移量的控制方法,涉及运输车辆技术领域,车体采用四轴线独立悬挂单元,悬挂单元包括悬挂油缸,且相邻的悬挂油缸之间设有电动球阀,车体上还固定有控制器和检测组件,检测组件用于检测车体是否装载有支架和车体所在路面的坡度,各电动球阀和检测组件均与控制器电连接,并在检测组件检测到车体装载支架和车体所在路面的坡度时,通过控制器控制各电动球阀的开闭状态,实现四个轴关联状态的切换。该支架搬运车及其轴荷转移量的控制方法能够提高整体稳定性。(The invention discloses a bracket carrier and a control method of axle load transfer quantity thereof, and relates to the technical field of transport vehicles. The support carrier and the control method of the axle load transfer quantity thereof can improve the overall stability.)

1. The utility model provides a support carrier which characterized in that: the automobile body adopts the independent unit that hangs of four-axis, hang the unit including hanging the hydro-cylinder, and adjacent hang and be equipped with electronic ball valve between the hydro-cylinder, still be fixed with controller and detection assembly on the automobile body, detection assembly is used for detecting whether the automobile body loads the support with the slope on automobile body place road surface, each electronic ball valve with detection assembly all with the controller electricity is connected, and detection assembly detects the automobile body loads the support with during the slope on automobile body place road surface, through controller control is respectively the switching state of electronic ball valve realizes the switching of four axle correlation states.

2. The rack truck of claim 1, wherein: the detection assembly comprises a pressure sensor, an inclination angle sensor and a rotating speed sensor, the pressure sensor is installed on the suspension oil cylinder, the pressure sensor is used for detecting whether the support is loaded on the vehicle body, the rotating speed sensor is installed on wheels of the vehicle body and used for detecting the vehicle speed of the vehicle body in real time, the pressure sensor and the inclination angle sensor are electrically connected with the controller, the pressure sensor detects that the support is loaded on the vehicle body, and the inclination angle sensor detects the gradient of the road surface where the vehicle body is located, the controller controls the opening and closing states of the electric ball valves, and the switching of the association states of the four shafts is achieved.

3. The rack truck of claim 2, wherein: the detection assembly further comprises an acceleration sensor, the acceleration sensor is buried in the vehicle body and used for detecting the acceleration of the vehicle body, the acceleration sensor is electrically connected with the controller, the acceleration sensor transmits an acceleration signal to the controller when detecting an acceleration signal or a deceleration signal, and the controller controls the opening and closing states of the electric ball valves to realize the switching of the association states of the four shafts.

4. The rack truck of claim 1, wherein: the electric ball valve positioned between the front two shafts is a front electric ball valve, and when the front electric ball valve is opened, the front two shafts can be associated; the electric ball valve between the front two shafts and the rear two shafts is a middle electric ball valve, when the middle electric ball valve is opened, the middle two shafts can be associated, the electric ball valve between the rear two shafts is a rear electric ball valve, and when the rear electric ball valve is opened, the rear two shafts can be associated.

5. The method of controlling the amount of shaft load transfer of the rack truck according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: in an initial state, relating the front two shafts and the rear two shafts of the carrier; detecting the gradient of a road surface where the support carrier is located through the detection assembly, detecting the load of each shaft on the support carrier, and transmitting the detected numerical signals to the controller; the controller controls the open-close state of each electric ball valve to realize the switching of the four-axis related state.

6. The method of controlling the amount of load transfer of the truck axle of the rack truck according to claim 5, wherein: when the inclination angle sensor detects that the bracket transporting vehicle runs on a horizontal road surface, the controller controls the middle electric ball valve to be closed, and the front electric ball valve and the rear electric ball valve are opened;

when the inclination angle sensor detects that the support carrier climbs, the controller controls the front electric ball valve to be closed, and the middle electric ball valve and the rear electric ball valve to be opened;

when the inclination angle sensor detects that the support carrier is on a downhill, the controller controls the rear electric ball valve to be closed, and the middle electric ball valve and the front electric ball valve are opened.

7. The method of controlling the amount of load transfer of the truck axle of the rack truck according to claim 6, wherein: in an initial state, the method further comprises the calculation of the center of mass of the heavy vehicle when the support carrier carries the support, and the calculation of the center of mass of the heavy vehicle comprises the following steps:

s1: detecting whether a rack truck is loaded with a rack by using a pressure sensor, detecting whether the rack truck is on a horizontal road surface by using an inclination angle sensor after detecting that the rack truck is loaded, and stopping when detecting that the rack truck is on the horizontal road surface;

s2: maintaining the rack truck in a parked state and calculating a horizontal position of a center of mass of the heavy truck through the controller;

s3: and accelerating the support carrier to run, and calculating the vertical height of the mass center of the heavy vehicle through the controller.

8. The method of controlling the amount of load transfer of the truck axle of the rack truck according to claim 5, wherein: and detecting the running speed of the support carrier in real time by using a rotating speed sensor.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of transport vehicles, in particular to a support carrier and a control method of the axle load transfer quantity thereof.

Background

The integral support carrier is used for carrying heavy hydraulic supports with large mining heights in a long distance and quickly and is carried by 8 groups of independent suspension units with four axes. Because the inclination angle of the underground transportation roadway of the coal mine is large, the gravity center of the hydraulic support is high, and the front-rear axle load ratio of the vehicle is more than 2 times when the vehicle runs on a heavy-load road surface with a large gradient, the vehicle body is unstable, the deviation phenomenon is very prominent, and the overload damage phenomenon of tires is prominent. In addition, because of the bearing difference of each steering wheel, the difference of the steering driving force required by the steering shaft is large, the steering connecting rod is seriously impacted by unbalance loading, and potential safety hazards exist. Therefore, the mode of controlling the load transfer amount of the shaft when the support carrier runs on a slope is adopted, so that the stability of the heavy-duty vehicle running on a large slope is improved.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a bracket carrier and a control method of the axle load transfer quantity thereof, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art and improving the overall stability.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:

the invention provides a bracket carrier which comprises a carrier body, wherein the carrier body adopts a four-axis independent suspension unit, the suspension unit comprises suspension oil cylinders, electric ball valves are arranged between the adjacent suspension oil cylinders, a controller and a detection assembly are fixed on the carrier body, the detection assembly is used for detecting whether a bracket and the gradient of the road surface where the carrier body is located are loaded on the carrier body, each electric ball valve and the detection assembly are electrically connected with the controller, and when the detection assembly detects the gradient of the road surface where the carrier body and the carrier body are loaded on the carrier body, the controller controls the opening and closing state of each electric ball valve, so that the switching of the correlation state of four shafts is realized.

Preferably, the detection assembly comprises a pressure sensor, an inclination angle sensor and a rotation speed sensor, the pressure sensor is installed on the suspension cylinder, the pressure sensor is used for detecting whether the vehicle body is loaded with the bracket, the rotation speed sensor is installed on the wheels of the vehicle body and is used for detecting the vehicle speed of the vehicle body in real time, the pressure sensor and the inclination angle sensor are electrically connected with the controller, and when the pressure sensor detects that the vehicle body is loaded with the bracket and the inclination angle sensor detects the gradient of the road surface where the vehicle body is located, the controller is used for controlling the opening and closing states of the electric ball valves, so that the switching of the correlation states of the four shafts is realized.

Preferably, the detection assembly further includes an acceleration sensor embedded in the vehicle body and used for detecting acceleration of the vehicle body, the acceleration sensor is electrically connected to the controller, and transmits an acceleration signal to the controller when the acceleration sensor detects an acceleration or deceleration signal, and the controller controls an open/close state of each of the electric ball valves to realize switching of four-axis-related states.

Preferably, the electric ball valve positioned between the two front shafts is a front electric ball valve, and when the front electric ball valve is opened, the two front shafts can be associated; the electric ball valve between the front two shafts and the rear two shafts is a middle electric ball valve, when the middle electric ball valve is opened, the middle two shafts can be associated, the electric ball valve between the rear two shafts is a rear electric ball valve, and when the rear electric ball valve is opened, the rear two shafts can be associated.

The invention also provides a control method for the axle load transfer quantity of the support carrier based on any one of the technical schemes, wherein in an initial state, the front two axles and the rear two axles of the carrier are related; detecting the gradient of a road surface where the support carrier is located through the detection assembly, detecting the load of each shaft on the support carrier, and transmitting the detected numerical signals to the controller; the controller controls the open-close state of each electric ball valve to realize the switching of the four-axis related state.

Preferably, when the inclination sensor detects that the rack truck is running on a horizontal road, the controller controls the middle electric ball valve to be closed, and the front electric ball valve and the rear electric ball valve to be opened;

when the inclination angle sensor detects that the support carrier climbs, the controller controls the front electric ball valve to be closed, and the middle electric ball valve and the rear electric ball valve to be opened;

when the inclination angle sensor detects that the support carrier is on a downhill, the controller controls the rear electric ball valve to be closed, and the middle electric ball valve and the front electric ball valve are opened.

Preferably, in the initial state, the method further comprises the calculation of the center of mass of the heavy vehicle when the support truck carries the support, and the calculation of the center of mass of the heavy vehicle comprises the following steps:

s1: detecting whether a rack truck is loaded with a rack by using a pressure sensor, detecting whether the rack truck is on a horizontal road surface by using an inclination angle sensor after detecting that the rack truck is loaded, and stopping when detecting that the rack truck is on the horizontal road surface;

s2: maintaining the rack truck in a parked state and calculating a horizontal position of a center of mass of the heavy truck through the controller;

s3: and accelerating the support carrier to run, and calculating the vertical height of the mass center of the heavy vehicle through the controller.

Preferably, the driving speed of the rack truck is detected in real time using a rotation speed sensor.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:

the bracket carrier provided by the invention is characterized in that the electric ball valves are arranged between the adjacent suspension oil cylinders, the communication state between the adjacent suspension oil cylinders is further controlled by the opening and closing of each electric ball valve, the vehicle body is also fixedly provided with the controller and the detection assembly, the detection assembly is used for detecting whether the vehicle body is provided with the bracket and the gradient of the road surface where the vehicle body is located, each electric ball valve and the detection assembly are electrically connected with the controller, when the detection assembly detects that the vehicle body is provided with the bracket and the gradient of the road surface where the vehicle body is located, signals are transmitted to the controller in real time, the opening and closing state of each electric ball valve is controlled by the controller, the switching of the four shaft association states is realized, the opening and closing of the electric ball valves are controlled by the controller according to the actual driving state and the actual load of each axle, the axle load is uniformly distributed among the axles, the stability during driving is ensured, and the breakage of the axles caused by overlarge load is avoided, affecting the overall service life.

According to the control method for the axle load transfer amount of the support carrier, the support carrier is located on a nearly horizontal road surface in an initial state, so that the front two axles of the carrier are related, the rear two axles of the carrier are related, and the stability of the support carrier is guaranteed; the gradient of the road surface where the support carrier is located is detected through the detection assembly, so that whether the support carrier is in a climbing, descending or nearly horizontal road surface running state is judged automatically, the load condition of each shaft is observed in real time through detecting the load of each shaft on the support carrier, the phenomenon that the running stability and the service life are influenced due to axle breakage caused by overlarge load is avoided, and the detected gradient signal and the detected load signal are transmitted to the controller; the opening and closing states of the electric ball valves are controlled by the controller according to the load of each shaft and the gradient of the road surface where the vehicle is located, so that the switching of the correlation states of the four shafts is realized, and further, the phenomenon that the driving stability is influenced by the overlarge load transfer of the shafts, and even the shafts are broken is avoided.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a rack truck according to an embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view illustrating the connection between each suspension unit and an electric ball valve in the truck with the cradle according to the first embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a suspension unit of the rack truck according to an embodiment;

in the figure: 100-bracket carrier, 1-vehicle body, 2-bracket, 3-first shaft, 4-second shaft, 5-third shaft, 6-fourth shaft, 7-controller, 10-suspension oil cylinder, 20-pressure sensor, 30-rotation speed sensor, 40-front electric ball valve, 50-middle electric ball valve and 60-rear electric ball valve.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The invention aims to provide a support carrier and a control method of the axle load transfer quantity thereof, so as to solve the technical problem that the existing support carrier is unstable in running.

In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.

Example one

As shown in fig. 1-3, the present embodiment provides a rack truck 100, which includes a truck body 1, wherein the truck body 1 adopts a four-axis independent suspension unit, the suspension unit includes suspension cylinders 10, and electric ball valves are disposed between adjacent suspension cylinders 10, so as to control a communication state between adjacent suspension cylinders 10 through opening and closing of each electric ball valve, a controller 7 and a detection assembly are further fixed on the truck body 1, the detection assembly is configured to detect whether the truck body 1 is loaded with a rack 2 and a gradient of a road surface on which the truck body 1 is located, each electric ball valve and detection assembly are electrically connected to the controller 7, and when the detection assembly detects that the truck body 1 is loaded with a rack 2 and a gradient of a road surface on which the truck body 1 is located, a signal is transmitted to the controller 7 in real time, the controller 7 controls an opening and closing state of each electric ball valve, so as to implement switching of four axle association states, and further according to an actual driving state and an actual load of each axle, the controller 7 controls the electric ball valve to be opened and closed, shaft loads are uniformly distributed among the shafts, stability during driving is guaranteed, and the phenomenon that the shafts are broken due to overlarge loads and the whole service life is influenced is avoided.

Specifically, the detection assembly comprises a pressure sensor 20, an inclination angle sensor and a rotation speed sensor 30, wherein the pressure sensor 20 is installed on the suspension cylinder 10, so as to facilitate visual detection of pressure borne by each axle, so that the controller 7 can adjust the working state of each electric ball valve, avoid unbalanced load of each axle or breakage caused by overlarge load, the pressure sensor 20 is used for detecting whether the vehicle body 1 is loaded with the bracket 2 or not, so as to ensure driving stability according to automatic control of the controller 7 when the bracket 2 is carried, the rotation speed sensor 30 is installed on wheels of the vehicle body 1 and is used for detecting the vehicle speed of the vehicle body 1 in real time, the pressure sensor 20 and the inclination angle sensor are both electrically connected with the controller 7, and when the pressure sensor 20 detects that the bracket 2 is loaded on the vehicle body 1, and the inclination angle sensor detects the gradient of the road surface where the vehicle body 1 is located, the controller 7 is used for controlling the opening and closing states of each electric ball valve, the switching of the correlation states of the four shafts is realized, so that the unbalanced distribution of the load between the front shaft and the rear shaft is avoided, and the driving stability and the service life of the axle are influenced.

The detection assembly further comprises an acceleration sensor, the acceleration sensor is embedded in the vehicle body 1 and used for detecting the acceleration of the vehicle body 1, the acceleration sensor is electrically connected with the controller 7, the acceleration sensor transmits an acceleration signal to the controller 7 when detecting an acceleration signal or a deceleration signal, and the controller 7 controls the opening and closing state of each electric ball valve to realize the switching of the association state of the four shafts.

The electric ball valve positioned between the front two shafts (namely between the first shaft 3 and the second shaft 4) is a front electric ball valve 40, and when the front electric ball valve 40 is opened, the front two shafts can be associated; the electric ball valve between the front two shafts and the rear two shafts (namely between the two shafts 4 and the three shafts 5) is the middle electric ball valve 50, when the middle electric ball valve 50 is opened, the middle two shafts can be associated, the electric ball valve between the rear two shafts (namely between the three shafts 5 and the four shafts 6) is the rear electric ball valve 60, when the rear electric ball valve 60 is opened, the rear two shafts can be associated, and then different opening and closing states of the electric ball valves are used in a combined mode, so that different association modes of the shafts are formed, the balanced distribution of front and rear shaft loads is realized, and the driving stability is improved.

Example two

In the embodiment, the method for controlling the axle load transfer amount of the rack truck 100 according to the first embodiment is provided, in an initial state, the rack truck 100 is located on a nearly horizontal road surface, so that the front two axles of the truck are related to each other, and the rear two axles of the truck are related to each other, thereby ensuring the stability of the rack truck 100; the gradient of the road surface where the support carrier 100 is located is detected through the detection assembly, so that whether the support carrier 100 is in a climbing, descending or nearly horizontal road surface driving state is automatically judged, the load of each shaft on the support carrier 100 is detected, the load condition of each shaft is observed in real time, the phenomenon that the axle is broken due to overlarge load, the driving stability is influenced, the service life is prolonged, and the detected gradient signal and the detected load signal are transmitted to the controller 7; the opening and closing states of the electric ball valves are controlled by the controller 7 according to the load of each shaft and the gradient of the road surface where the vehicle is located, so that the switching of the correlation states of the four shafts is realized, and further, the phenomenon that the driving stability is influenced by the overlarge shaft load transfer amount and the breakage of the shafts is even caused is avoided.

Specifically, the cradle truck 100 is provided with a first axle 3, a second axle 4, a third axle 5 and a fourth axle 6 in sequence from the head to the tail, when the inclination angle sensor detects that the cradle truck 100 runs on a horizontal road surface, the controller 7 controls the middle electric ball valve 50 to be closed, the front electric ball valve 40 and the rear electric ball valve 60 to be opened, so that the first axle 3 and the second axle 4 are associated, the front axle load is jointly borne, the third axle 5 and the fourth axle 6 are associated, the rear axle load is jointly borne, and the influence on the driving stability and the service life of the axle due to the overlarge load of part of the axle is further avoided;

when the cradle truck 100 climbs a slope, load is transferred from the front shaft to the rear shaft, so that the rear shaft load is easily overlarge to influence the driving stability, when the inclination angle sensor detects that the cradle truck 100 climbs the slope, the controller 7 controls the front electric ball valve 40 to be closed, the middle electric ball valve 50 and the rear electric ball valve 60 to be opened, namely, one shaft 3 bears the front shaft load independently, the two shafts 4, the three shafts 5 and the four shafts 6 are associated to bear the rear shaft load together, and the load of the rear shaft is distributed on three axles, so that the situation that driving is unstable or the axles are broken due to overlarge load of part of the axles can be avoided;

when the cradle truck 100 is in a downhill, the load is transferred from the rear shaft to the front shaft, and further the load of the front shaft is easily caused to be overlarge, so that the stability of the truck is easily influenced, when the tilt angle sensor detects that the cradle truck 100 is in the downhill, the controller 7 controls the rear electric ball valve 60 to be closed, the middle electric ball valve 50 and the front electric ball valve 40 to be opened, namely, the first shaft 3, the second shaft 4 and the third shaft 5 are associated to share the load of the front shaft, the load of the front shaft is distributed on the three axles, and the four shaft 6 independently shares the load of the rear shaft, so that the overlarge load of part of the axles is avoided. Preferably, the adjustment of the associated axles is not limited to the limit of detecting the gradient of the road surface on which the vehicle is located by the tilt angle sensor, but may be combined with the maximum load that each axle can bear, and the mode of the associated axles may not be adjusted when the pressure sensor 20 detects that each axle load is within the allowable range, for example, when the cradle truck 100 is carrying the cradle 2, the center of gravity may shift, leading to the center of gravity being forward or backward, and the mode switching of the associated axles may be performed in combination with the actual load of the front and rear axles of the cradle truck 100. When the cradle truck 100 travels, the inclination angle sensor first detects the current road gradient, determines that the cradle truck 100 is in a horizontal, climbing or downhill state, and then detects the pressure state by combining the pressure sensor 20 and the load of the front and rear axles calculated by the controller 7, if the load of the front and rear axles is within the range of the maximum load that can be borne, the mode of the associated axle does not need to be adjusted, and if the system determines that the load of part of the axles is close to the maximum load that can be borne, the associated state of each axle is switched according to the actual axle load condition.

In practical applications, due to problems of the type, the size, and the like of the bracket 2, when the bracket truck 100 carries the bracket 2, the gravity center position may be too far forward or too far backward, that is, when the truck is traveling on a flat road, the load of the front axle (or the rear axle) is large, and the normal driving stability is affected, so in an initial state, the calculation of the center of mass of the truck 100 when carrying the bracket 2 is further included, and the calculation of the center of mass of the truck includes the following steps:

s1: detecting whether the rack truck 100 is loaded with the rack 2 using the pressure sensor 20, detecting whether the rack truck 100 is on a horizontal road surface using the inclination sensor after detecting that the rack 2 is loaded, and stopping when detecting that the rack truck 100 is on a near-horizontal road surface;

s2: keeping the bracket truck 100 in a parking state, calculating the horizontal position of the mass center of the heavy truck through the controller 7, adopting a mode that a first shaft 3 is associated with a second shaft 4, and a third shaft 5 is associated with a fourth shaft 6, detecting the pressure of each shaft by the pressure sensor 20, the pressure of a front associated shaft P1 and the pressure of a rear associated shaft P2, calculating the load m1 of the first shaft 3 and the second shaft 4 as P1A and the load m2 of the third shaft 5 and the fourth shaft 6 as P2A through the controller 7, adjusting the distance L of each shaft, setting the distance of the horizontal position of the mass center of the heavy truck from the central line of the total shaft distance as x, and calculating the value x according to a moment balance formula (m1 (L-x) as m2 (L + x), wherein when m1 is larger than m2, x is a positive number, and vice versa is a negative number;

s3: the support carrier 100 is accelerated to run, the vertical height of the mass center of the heavy vehicle is calculated through the controller 7, the controller 7 detects the pressure of each shaft through the pressure sensor 20, the load variation quantity delta m of the front two shafts and the rear two shafts in the acceleration process is collected, the corresponding acceleration a in the delta m instantaneous state is recorded, the vertical height of the mass center of the heavy vehicle is set to be h, and the value of h is obtained according to a moment balance formula (m1+ m2) a h 2L delta m.

The position of the center of mass of the heavy vehicle is obtained through the calculation, and then the associated axle mode is adjusted according to the actual position of the center of mass of the heavy vehicle and the actual load condition of the front axle and the rear axle so as to avoid overlarge load of part of axles.

On the other hand, because the coal industry standard has a limit regulation on the maximum braking distance of the trackless rubber-tyred vehicle in the underground coal mine, the rotating speed sensor 30 is used for detecting the running speed of the support carrier 100 in real time, so that the instability of running caused by the overlarge braking acceleration of the support carrier 100 due to overhigh speed during emergency braking is avoided.

The specific adjusting method for adjusting the associated shaft mode comprises the following steps:

s01: assuming that the maximum braking acceleration is a, the controller 7 estimates the maximum load transfer amount (m1+ m2) a h/(2L) during emergency braking, and compares the sum of the transfer amount and the current m1, or whether the sum of the transfer amount and m2 will exceed the maximum allowable load.

S02: if the overload of the front shaft is judged in advance, the mode that the front electric ball valve 40 and the middle electric ball valve 50 are opened and the rear electric ball valve 60 is closed is switched to continue driving; if the rear axle overload is judged in advance, the mode that the front electric ball valve 40 is closed and the middle electric ball valve 50 and the rear electric ball valve 60 are opened is switched to continue running; if the front axle and the rear axle are not overloaded in advance, the front electric ball valve 40 and the rear electric ball valve 50 are kept closed, and the middle electric ball valve 60 continues to run in an open mode.

S03: if an overload still occurs when the controller 7 estimates an emergency braking after executing the step S02, the braking acceleration is limited by directly limiting the traveling speed.

The principle and the implementation mode of the present invention are explained by applying specific examples in the present specification, and the above descriptions of the examples are only used to help understanding the method and the core idea of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In summary, this summary should not be construed to limit the present invention.