阅读说明：本技术 可挤出无卤素阻燃剂组合物 (Extrudable halogen-free flame retardant compositions ) 是由 S·乌奇 S·布尔米斯特罗夫 于 2020-03-26 设计创作，主要内容包括：本公开提供一种无卤素阻燃剂组合物的实施例,所述无卤素阻燃剂组合物包含在190℃和2.16kg下测量的熔融流动指数为350克/10分钟(g/10min)到1000g/10min的一种或多种聚烯烃共聚物,其中所述一种或多种聚烯烃共聚物包括顺丁烯二酸酐接枝聚烯烃、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物或两者；和按所述无卤素阻燃剂组合物的总重量计大于83重量％的无机填充剂。(The present disclosure provides embodiments of a halogen-free flame retardant composition comprising one or more polyolefin copolymers having a melt flow index of 350 grams/10 minutes (g/10min) to 1000g/10min measured at 190 ℃ and 2.16kg, wherein the one or more polyolefin copolymers comprise a maleic anhydride grafted polyolefin, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, or both; and greater than 83 weight percent inorganic filler, based on the total weight of the halogen-free flame retardant composition.)

1. A halogen-free flame retardant composition comprising

One or more polyolefin copolymers having a melt flow index of 350 grams/10 minutes (g/10min) to 1000g/10min measured at 190 ℃ and 2.16kg, wherein the one or more polyolefin copolymers comprise one or more of a maleic anhydride grafted polyolefin and an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer; and

at least 83 weight percent of an inorganic filler, based on the total weight of the halogen-free flame retardant composition.

2. The halogen-free flame retardant composition of claim 1, wherein the halogen-free flame retardant composition comprises less than 17 weight percent of the one or more polyolefin copolymers.

3. The halogen-free flame retardant composition of claim 1, wherein the halogen-free flame retardant composition comprises at least 85 weight percent inorganic filler, based on the total weight of the halogen-free flame retardant composition.

4. The halogen-free flame retardant composition of any of the preceding claims, wherein the one or more ethylene copolymers comprise ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer.

5. The halogen-free flame retardant composition of any of the preceding claims, wherein the composition has a fuel load of less than 3MJ/kg when measured according to EN ISO 1716.

6. The halogen-free flame retardant composition of any of the preceding claims, wherein the oven temperature rise of the composition is less than or equal to about 50 ℃, the mass loss of a specimen is less than or equal to about 50%, and the sustained combustion time of the specimen is about 20 seconds, when measured according to EN ISO 1182.

7. The halogen-free flame retardant composition of any of the preceding claims, wherein the total weight of the inorganic filler comprises a majority of anhydrous inorganic filler.

8. The halogen-free flame retardant composition of any of the preceding claims, further comprising an internal inorganic lubricant.

9. The halogen-free flame retardant composition of any of the preceding claims, wherein the maleic anhydride-grafted polyolefin is a maleic anhydride-grafted polyolefin elastomer having a Brookfield viscocity (Brookfield viscocity) of greater than 8,000cP measured at 177 ℃.

10. A composite panel, comprising:

a first metal layer;

a second metal layer;

a core layer disposed between the first metal layer and the second metal layer,

a first tie layer disposed between the first metal layer and the core layer; and

a second connection layer disposed between the second metal layer and the core layer; and is

Wherein the core layer comprises the halogen-free flame retardant composition of any of the preceding claims.

11. The composite panel of claim 9, wherein the first metal layer, the second metal layer, or both comprise aluminum.

12. The composite panel according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the core layer has a thickness of 1mm to 5 mm.

13. A composite panel according to any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein the composite panel is Euroclass a2 fire rated.

14. A method of manufacturing a composite panel according to any of claims 9 to 12, comprising:

extruding the core layer;

applying the first and second tie layers on opposite surfaces of the core layer; and

after application to the core layer, laminating the first and second metal layers on the first and second tie layers, respectively, to produce the composite panel.

15. The method of claim 13, wherein the first tie layer and the second tie layer are applied via coextrusion or lamination.

Technical Field

The embodiments described herein relate generally to halogen-free flame retardant materials, and specifically to halogen-free flame retardant materials for the core layer of aluminum composite panels.

Background

Aluminum composite panels are a rigid composite design made of a polymer core and bonded to an aluminum facing sheet with an adhesive tie layer.

Common applications for aluminum composite panels are in infrastructure facade systems, visual displays and transportation. For example, aluminum composite panels may be used in exposed facade systems in high-rise buildings.

Disclosure of Invention

After the recent occurrence of a fire in a high-rise building, stricter fire regulations are imposed on the facade system of the building.

The aluminum composite panel and its fire performance and fuel load may be important to the safety of the facade system. The test criteria are defined by the fire performance rating of the aluminum composite panel core material. Such ratings may depend on the total heat of combustion (which may also be referred to as the heating value or heating value (PCS)) of the core material, the rate of fire growth (FIGRA), the flammability, and/or the Total Heat Release (THR). In some accidents, the presence of a non-flame retardant polymer composite core may spread the fire to the facade system during a fire.

Today, manufacturers of aluminum composite panels supply fire retardant panels designed specifically for facade systems, designed to meet Euroclass B or more stringent Euroclass a2 class, which specifies limited flammability of the core material. With the production and global sale of boards, Euroclass a2 has become a global requirement.

Currently, core materials meeting fire safety requirements of Euroclass a2 are processed by sintering on a double belt press, usually from a slurry of inorganic non-combustible components in a water-based binder system. However, the sintering process can be relatively slow and expensive, and the sheet can be relatively difficult to handle. In addition, sintered core materials with high filler content often have poor mechanical strength. Furthermore, the sintering process may require specific production equipment. On the other hand, a sheet extrusion line may be used to produce conventional non-Euroclass a2 grade composite panels. However, for polyolefin-based formulations with inorganic filler contents above 83 wt.%, extrusion or direct extrusion is difficult or impossible. In this case, direct extrusion involves combining the compounding process with final shaping into a flat sheet in one processing step.

Thus, there is a need for compositions that can be extruded in the production of Euroclass a2 grade core materials for aluminum composite panels. Embodiments of the present disclosure meet those needs by providing a composition comprising one or more polyolefin copolymers having a melt flow index of 350 grams per 10 minutes (g/10min) to 1000g/10min measured at 190 ℃ and 2.16 kg; and greater than 83 weight percent of an inorganic filler, based on the total weight of the halogen-free flame retardant composition.

It is believed that the inclusion of more than 83 wt% of inorganic filler allows reaching Euroclass a2 grade, which means that the PCS of the formulation according to EN ISO 1716 is lower than 3 MJ/kg. At filler levels of 83 wt% or more, the polymer backbone of the disclosed compositions can allow for extrudable compositions that can be used as a core layer in an economical and efficient method of manufacturing aluminum composite panels. Additionally, embodiments of the present disclosure may allow for improved mechanical strength and flexibility when compared to conventional sintered Euroclass a2 grade compositions.

In accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, a halogen-free flame retardant composition is provided. Embodiments of the halogen-free flame retardant composition can include one or more polyolefin copolymers having a melt flow index of 350 grams/10 minutes (g/10min) to 1000g/10min, measured at 190 ℃ and 2.16kg, wherein the one or more polyolefin copolymers include maleic anhydride grafted polyolefin, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer; and greater than 83 weight percent of inorganic filler comprising talc, CaCO, based on the total weight of the halogen-free flame retardant composition₃One or more of magnesium hydroxide, aluminum trihydrate, silica, siloxane or micaAnd (4) seed preparation.

According to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, a composite panel is provided. Embodiments of the composite panel may include a first metal layer; a second metal layer; a core layer disposed between the first metal layer and the second metal layer; a first connection layer disposed between the first metal layer and the core layer; and a second tie layer disposed between the second metal layer and the core layer; and wherein the core layer comprises the halogen-free flame retardant composition described herein.

According to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method of manufacturing a composite panel is provided. Embodiments of the method may include extruding a core layer; applying a first tie layer and a second tie layer on opposite surfaces of the core layer; and laminating a first metal layer and a second metal layer on the first tie layer and the second tie layer, respectively, after application to the core layer to produce a composite panel; wherein the core layer comprises the halogen-free flame retardant composition described herein.

These and other embodiments are described in more detail in the detailed description that follows.

Drawings

The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the present disclosure can be best understood when read in conjunction with the following drawings, where like structure is indicated with like reference numerals and in which:

fig. 1 is a schematic depiction of an embodiment of a composite panel according to embodiments described herein.

Detailed Description

Specific embodiments of the present application will now be described. These embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the subject matter to those skilled in the art.

The term "polymer" refers to a polymeric compound prepared by polymerizing monomers of the same or different type. The generic term polymer thus embraces the term "homopolymer", which is conventionally used to refer to polymers prepared from only one type of monomer; and "copolymer," which refers to a polymer prepared from two or more different monomers. As used herein, the term "interpolymer" refers to a polymer prepared by polymerizing at least two different types of monomers. The generic term interpolymer thus encompasses copolymers and polymers prepared from more than two different types of monomers, such as terpolymers.

As used herein, "polyolefin" or "olefin-based polymer" may include ethylene-based polymers and propylene-based polymers.

"polyethylene" or "ethylene-based polymer" shall mean a polymer comprising more than 50 mole percent of units derived from ethylene monomer. This includes ethylene-based homopolymers or copolymers (meaning units derived from two or more comonomers). Common forms of ethylene-based polymers known in the art include, but are not limited to, Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE); linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE); ultra Low Density Polyethylene (ULDPE); very Low Density Polyethylene (VLDPE); single site catalyzed linear low density polyethylene comprising a linear and substantially linear low density resin (m-LLDPE); medium Density Polyethylene (MDPE); and High Density Polyethylene (HDPE).

"polypropylene" or "propylene-based polymer" shall mean a polymer comprising more than 50 mole% of units derived from propylene monomers. This includes propylene-based homopolymers or copolymers (meaning units derived from two or more comonomers). Common forms of ethylene-based polymers known in the art include, but are not limited to, impact polypropylene copolymer, icPP, random copolymer, rcPP, polypropylene homopolymer, hPP, ethylene-propylene copolymers (POE plastomers), polypropylene reactor blends.

Reference will now be made in detail to examples of halogen-free flame retardant compositions described herein. Embodiments of the halogen-free flame retardant composition can include one or more polyolefin copolymers having a melt flow index of 350 grams per 10 minutes (g/10min) to 1000g/10min, measured at 190 ℃ and 2.16kg, wherein the one or more polyolefin copolymers comprise a maleic anhydride grafted polyolefin, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, or a blend thereof; and greater than 83 weight percent of inorganic filler, which may comprise talc, CaCO, based on the total weight of the halogen-free flame retardant composition₃Magnesium hydroxide, aluminum trihydrate,One or more of silica or mica.

In embodiments, the halogen-free flame retardant compositions described herein can comprise one or more polyolefin copolymers. In some embodiments, the halogen-free flame retardant composition may include less than 17 weight percent of the one or more copolymers based on the total weight of the halogen-free flame retardant composition. In other embodiments, the halogen-free flame retardant composition may comprise about 10 wt% to about 17 wt%; about 10 wt% to about 15 wt%; about 10 wt% to about 13 wt%; about 10 wt% to about 11 wt%; about 11 wt% to about 17 wt%; about 11 wt% to about 15 wt%; about 11 wt% to about 13 wt%; about 13 wt% to about 17 wt%; about 13 wt% to about 15 wt%; or from about 15% to about 17% by weight of one or more copolymers.

In embodiments, the one or more polyolefin copolymers may comprise an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, a maleic anhydride graft polymer, a maleic anhydride copolymer, an ethylene-acrylic acid or ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer, or a copolymer of ethylene (ethyl acrylate, methyl acrylate, butyl acrylate), or combinations thereof.

In embodiments, the halogen-free flame retardant compositions described herein can comprise one or more polyolefin copolymers. In some embodiments, the one or more polyolefin copolymers can comprise maleic anhydride grafted polyolefin.

In an embodiment, the maleic anhydride grafted polyolefin may be an ethylene-based polymer having maleic anhydride grafted monomers grafted thereon. Suitable ethylene-based polymers for the maleic anhydride grafted polyolefin include, but are not limited to, polyethylene homopolymers and copolymers with alpha-olefins, copolymers of ethylene with vinyl acetate, and copolymers of ethylene with one or more alkyl (meth) acrylates. In particular embodiments, the maleic anhydride grafted polyolefin may include one or more of maleic anhydride grafted Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE), maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene elastomer, or a combination thereof.

In an embodiment, the maleic anhydride grafted polyolefin may be a propylene-based polymer having maleic anhydride grafted monomers grafted thereon. Suitable propylene-based polymers for the maleic anhydride grafted polyolefin include, but are not limited to, propylene homopolymers and copolymers with alpha-olefins, copolymers of ethylene with vinyl acetate, and copolymers of ethylene with one or more alkyl (meth) acrylates. In particular embodiments, the maleic anhydride grafted polyolefin may include one or more of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene, maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene-ethylene plastomer, or combinations thereof.

When the ethylene-based polymer is a polyethylene homopolymer or a copolymer of ethylene and one or more alpha-olefins, the ethylene-based polymer may be linear or substantially linear. Suitable alpha-olefin comonomers, which may be aliphatic or aromatic, may include C3-C20 alpha-olefins, C3-C16 alpha-olefins, or C3-C10 alpha-olefins. In one or more embodiments, the alpha-olefin may be a C3-C10 aliphatic alpha-olefin selected from the group consisting of propylene, 1-butene, 1-hexene, and 1-octene. In an embodiment, the alpha-olefin is propylene.

Without being bound by theory, it is believed that the maleic anhydride grafted polyolefin can interact with inorganic fillers to provide halogen-free flame retardant compositions with improved mechanical properties and improved fire performance because dripping can be reduced.

In one or more embodiments, the maleic anhydride-grafted polyolefin includes from about 0.1 wt% to about 10 wt%, from about 0.1 wt% to about 5 wt%, from 0.5 wt% to wt%, from about 0.1 wt% to about 1.8 wt%, or from about 0.1 wt% to about 0.5 wt% maleic anhydride-grafted monomer, based on the total weight of the maleic anhydride-grafted polyolefin. The weight percent of the ethylene-based polymer is complementary to the amount of maleic anhydride graft monomer such that the sum of the weight percent of the ethylene-based polymer and the maleic anhydride graft monomer is 100 wt.%. Thus, the maleic anhydride grafted polyolefin comprises up to 90 wt%, up to 95 wt%, or 96 to 99 wt% of the ethylene-based polymer, based on the total weight of the maleic anhydride grafted polyolefin.

At one or moreIn one example, the melt index (I) of the maleic anhydride grafted polyolefin was determined according to ASTM method D1238 at 190 ℃ and 2.16kg₂) Can be from about 350 to about 1000 grams/10 minutes (g/10min), or from about 400g/10min to about 800g/10min, from about 400g/10min to about 600g/10min, from about 500 to about 1000g/10min (g/10min), or from about 500g/10min to about 800g/10min, from about 500g/10min to about 600g/10min, from about 600g/10min to about 1000g/10min, from about 600g/10min to about 800g/10min, or from about 800g/10min to about 1000g/10 min.

In other embodiments, the maleic anhydride grafted polyolefin has a density of less than about 0.910 grams/cubic centimeter (g/cc), from about 0.860g/cc to about 0.910g/cc, from about 0.860g/cc to about 0.900g/cc, from about 0.860g/cc to about 0.890g/cc, from about 0.860g/cc to about 0.880g/cc, from about 0.860g/cc to about 0.870g/cc, from about 0.870g/cc to about 0.910g/cc, from about 0.870g/cc to about 0.900g/cc, from about 0.870g/cc to about 0.880g/cc, from about 0.880g/cc to about 0.910g/cc, from about 0.880g/cc to about 0.900g/cc, from about 0.880g/cc to about 0.890g/cc, from about 0.890g/cc to about 0.910g/cc, from about 0.880g/cc, From about 0.900g/cc to about 0.910 g/cc. In an embodiment, the maleic anhydride grafted polyolefin can be a maleic anhydride grafted polyolefin elastomer having a Brookfield viscocity (Brookfield viscocity) of greater than 8,000cP or from about 8,000cP to about 20,000cP, measured at 177 ℃.

Various commercial embodiments are deemed suitable. For example, a suitable maleic anhydride grafted polyolefin may be, for example, available under the trademark AFFINITY^TMGA 1000R and FUSABOND^TMP353D was purchased from Dow Chemical Company.

Various amounts of maleic anhydride grafted polyolefin are contemplated as being suitable in the halogen-free flame retardant composition. In an embodiment, the halogen-free flame retardant composition may include 17 wt% or less maleic anhydride grafted polyolefin, based on the total weight of the halogen-free flame retardant composition. In other embodiments, the halogen-free flame retardant composition may include from about 5 wt% to about 15 wt%, from about 5 wt% to about 10 wt%, from about 10 wt% to about 15 wt%, or from about 10 wt% to about 17 wt% of the maleic anhydride-grafted polyolefin, based on the total weight of the halogen-free flame retardant composition.

As previously mentioned, in embodiments, the halogen-free flame retardant compositions described herein can comprise one or more polyolefin copolymers. In an embodiment, the halogen-free flame retardant composition described herein can comprise ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA). Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers are ethylene-based polymers comprising ethylene and vinyl acetate. In an embodiment, the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer may comprise from about 20% to about 90% by weight ethylene and from about 10% to about 80% by weight vinyl acetate, based on the total weight of the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. In other embodiments, the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer may comprise from about 20 wt% to about 80 wt%, from about 20 wt% to about 60 wt%, from about 20 wt% to about 40 wt%, from about 20 wt% to about 30 wt%, from about 20 wt% to about 25 wt%, from about 25 wt% to about 90 wt%, from about 25 wt% to about 80 wt%, from about 25 wt% to about 60 wt%, from about 25 wt% to about 40 wt%, or from about 25 wt% to about 30 wt% ethylene, based on the total weight of the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.

In other embodiments, the one or more polyolefin copolymers may be ethylene-based and include acrylate or methacrylate groups. In embodiments, the one or more polyolefin copolymers may comprise ethylene-acrylic acid or ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymers, copolymers of ethylene (ethyl acrylate, methyl acrylate, butyl acrylate), or combinations thereof. These copolymers in embodiments, the copolymer may comprise from about 20 to about 90 weight percent ethylene and from about 10 to about 80 weight percent of copolymerized functional groups. In other embodiments, the copolymer may comprise from about 20 wt% to about 80 wt%, from about 20 wt% to about 60 wt%, from about 20 wt% to about 40 wt%, from about 20 wt% to about 30 wt%, from about 20 wt% to about 25 wt%, from about 25 wt% to about 90 wt%, from about 25 wt% to about 80 wt%, from about 25 wt% to about 60 wt%, from about 25 wt% to about 40 wt%, or from about 25 wt% to about 30 wt% ethylene, based on the total weight of the copolymer.

By nature of their chemical composition, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers and other copolymers are believed to have lower heating value (PCS) than polyethylene homopolymers. Thus, it is believed that the ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer and other copolymers contribute less to the heating value of the halogen-free flame retardant compositions described herein. This may allow embodiments of the halogen-free flame retardant composition to include a higher fraction of one or more polyolefin copolymers, which provides improved handleability.

In one or more embodiments, the melt index (I) of the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is determined according to ASTM method D1238 at 190 ℃ and 2.16kg₂) Can be from about 350 to about 1000 grams per 10 minutes (g/10min), from about 400 to about 1000g/10min, from about 500g/10min to about 800g/10min, from about 500g/10min to about 600g/10min, from about 600g/10min to about 1000g/10min, from about 600g/10min to about 800g/10min, or from about 800g/10min to about 1000g/10 min.

In other embodiments, the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer has a density of less than about 0.955 grams per cubic centimeter (g/cc), or from about 0.860 to about 0.955g/cc, as measured according to ASTM method No. D792-91. Other density ranges may be from about 0.870 to about 0.950g/cc, or from about 0.875 to about 0.950 g/cc.

Various commercial embodiments are deemed suitable. For example, a suitable ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer may be sold under the trademark ELVAX^TMPurchased from dupont (e.i. du Pont de Nemours and Company). In other embodiments, suitable ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers may be sold under the trademark ELVAX^TM210W are available from dupont.

In the halogen-free flame retardant composition, various amounts of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer are considered suitable. In an embodiment, the halogen-free flame retardant composition may include 17 wt% or less of the ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, based on the total weight of the halogen-free flame retardant composition. In other embodiments, the halogen-free flame retardant composition may comprise about 5 wt% to about 15 wt%, about 5 wt% to about 10 wt%, about 10 wt% to about 15 wt%, about 10 wt% to about 17 wt% of the ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, based on the total weight of the halogen-free flame retardant composition.

In embodiments, the halogen-free flame retardant compositions described herein can include various filler materials, which can be collectively referred to herein as "fillers. The filler material may comprise an inorganic filler. The inorganic filler may comprise CaCO₃BaSO4, CaSO4, silicates, talc, kaolin, clay, mica, silica, inorganic flame retardants, and combinations thereof. The inorganic flame retardant may comprise aluminum trihydrate, aluminum oxide, magnesium hydroxide, Huntite (Huntite), diaspore (Boehmite) and auxiliaries therefor. In an embodiment, intumescent flame retardants may be used, comprising calcined clay, graphene, and polyphosphonate. The filler material may comprise a radical scavenger flame retardant comprising a phosphonate, phosphite, melamine or hindered amine. In other embodiments, the inorganic filler may be an anhydrous inorganic filler or at least a majority of an anhydrous inorganic filler (by weight).

In some embodiments, the filler can comprise from about 51% to about 100%, from about 51% to about 80%, from about 51% to about 60%, from about 60% to about 100%, from about 60% to about 80%, or from about 80% to about 100% by weight of the anhydrous inorganic filler, based on the total weight of the filler in the halogen-free flame retardant composition.

Without being bound by theory, it is believed that the flame retardancy of the filler may depend on the amount of water released by the filler. In some embodiments, the filler content may include a majority of anhydrous inorganic filler, which releases relatively less water. Generally, as water is released, it contributes to fire safety as the steam produced lowers the temperature and impedes combustion. In the case of aluminum composite panels, water vapor release can cause the composite panels to delaminate and create structural problems that can cause fire. The choice of filler and flame retardant packaging may depend on the final product design.

Filler selection may be affected by the particle size and particle size distribution of the filler, which may affect handling, physical properties, and fire performance of the halogen-free flame retardant composition. Reducing particle size increases melt viscosity and reduces handling, but increases tear resistance, tensile strength, and elongation at break. For water-releasing flame retardants, the combustion performance can be improved by a more uniform water release. In cases where burning droplets is a problem, finer particles may reduce dripping performance and thus improve fire performance.

Filler selection may be affected by surface coatings and surface topography. Surface coatings including, but not limited to, silanes, polyolefin waxes, and calcium stearate can reduce viscosity by acting as an internal or external lubricant to improve handling properties of the filler. However, organic surface coatings may reduce the fire performance of the filler, as it may cause fuel loads. The functional filler coating can interact with the functional groups of the polymer or the polymer itself and thus improve the physical properties as well as the fire performance in terms of dripping. Without being bound by theory, it is believed that the spherical morphology may not increase the viscosity of the core filler composition compared to a disc or flake. The spherical structures may be used as processing aids, such as certain silicas, while coarse and milled fillers may reduce processing performance.

The halogen-free flame retardant compositions described herein can comprise greater than 83 weight percent filler, based on the total weight of the halogen-free flame retardant composition. In other embodiments, the halogen-free flame-retardant composition may include about 83 wt% to about 91 wt%, about 83 wt% to about 89 wt%, about 83 wt% to about 88 wt%, about 83 wt% to about 87 wt%, about 83 wt% to about 86 wt%, about 83 wt% to about 85 wt%, about 83 wt% to about 84 wt%, about 85 wt% to about 90 wt%, about 85 wt% to about 89 wt%, about 85 wt% to about 88 wt%, about 85 wt% to about 87 wt%, about 85 wt% to about 86 wt%, about 86 wt% to about 90 wt%, about 86 wt% to about 89 wt%, about 86 wt% to about 88 wt%, about 86 wt% to about 87 wt%, about 87 wt% to about 90 wt%, about 87 wt% to about 89 wt%, about 87 wt% to about 88 wt%, based on the total weight of the halogen-free flame-retardant composition, About 88% to about 90%, about 88% to about 89%, or about 89% to about 90% by weight of a filler.

The halogen-free flame retardant compositions described herein may comprise an internal inorganic lubricant. In some embodiments, the inorganic internal lubricant may comprise an organosiloxane and amorphous silica. Without being bound by theory, the internal inorganic lubricant may provide improved dispersion of the components in the halogen-free flame retardant composition, which may allow for relatively better flow, higher extrusion speed of the final product, and a smoother surface. Examples of inorganic internal lubricants may include, but are not limited to, Silitar T120U silica supplied by Elkem Silicon Materials or siloxane SFD-5 from the Dow chemical company.

In one or more embodiments, the halogen-free flame retardant compositions described herein can have properties that allow them to achieve the fire rating of Euroclass a 2.

Additionally, as described subsequently in the test methods section of the present disclosure, the halogen-free flame retardant compositions described herein can have a fuel load, which can also be referred to as total latent heat energy (PCS)), of less than 3MJ/kg when measured in accordance with EN ISO 1716. In other embodiments, the halogen-free flame retardant compositions described herein can have a fuel load or total potential heat energy (PCS) of less than 2.5MJ/kg or less than 2.0 when measured according to EN ISO 1716.

Further, as described subsequently in the test methods section of the present disclosure, the halogen-free flame retardant compositions described herein can have a flammability rating that meets the Euroclass a2 requirements when measured according to EN ISO 1182. The quantities used in the european classification are the furnace temperature increase (Δ T), the sample mass loss (Δ m) and the sample sustained combustion time (T)_f). To meet the Euroclass a2 requirements, the halogen-free flame retardant compositions described herein can have a Δ T (temperature) of less than or equal to about 50 ℃; preferably, Δ m (by mass) is less than or equal to about 50 ℃; and tf (burn time) is less than 20 seconds.

The halogen-free flame retardant compositions described herein can also have a total exotherm meeting the requirements of Euroclass a2 when measured according to EN ISO 13823, as described subsequently in the test methods section of the present disclosure. The classification parameters of EN ISO 13823 for burning droplets and particles comprise the fire measured in (W/s) according to their occurrence during the first 600 seconds(s) of the testGrowth rate index (FIGRA); lateral Flame Spread (LFS); total exotherm (THR)_600s) (ii) a With (m)²/s²) A smoke growth rate index (SMOGRA) measured in units; total smoke generation (TSP)_600s). To meet the Euroclass A2 requirements, the halogen-free flame retardant compositions described herein can have a FIGRA of less than or equal to 120W/s, an LFS of less than the edge of the sample, and a THS_600sLess than or equal to about 7.5 MJ.

In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a composite panel comprising embodiments of the halogen-free flame retardant compositions described herein.

Referring now to the embodiment of fig. 1, a composite plate (100) may comprise a first metal layer (110); a second metal layer (110); a core layer (130) disposed between the first metal layer (110) and the second metal layer (110); a first tie layer (120) disposed between the first metal layer (110) and the core layer (130); and a second connection layer (120) disposed between the second metal layer (110) and the core layer (130).

In embodiments, the first metal layer (100), the second metal layer (200), or both, may comprise aluminum, stainless steel, painted steel, titanium, copper, zinc, or combinations thereof. In an embodiment, the width of the first metal layer, the second metal layer, or both may be about 0.2mm to about 0.5 mm. In other embodiments, the width of the first metal layer, the second metal layer, or both, may be about 0.2mm to about 0.4mm, about 0.2mm to about 0.3mm, about 0.3mm to about 0.5mm, about 0.3mm to about 0.4mm, or about 0.4 to about 0.5 mm.

In embodiments, the adhesive tie layer may comprise one or more adhesive resins. In embodiments, the adhesive tie layer may comprise MAH-grafted polyolefin homopolymers or interpolymers. The adhesive tie layer may be coextruded or applied via film lamination based on the manufacture of the metal composite panel. Depending on the manufacturing process and end product requirements, the adhesive tie layer may be based on a low crystalline polyolefin elastomer or a linear low density polyethylene structure with relatively more crystallinity. The adhesive tie layer may be compounded with inorganic fillers or flame retardants depending on fire performance requirements. Various commercial embodiments are considered suitable for use in the adhesive tie layer. For example, suitable adhesion for use as a first adhesive layer and a second adhesive layerThe sex resin can be a trademarkAvailable from dupont, a dow chemical company, Lucalen a 2920M from liandd basell, and Lushan from Guangzhou Lushan New Materials co., Ltd.

In one or more embodiments, the thickness of the first adhesive tie layer, the second adhesive tie layer, or both, can be about 20 μm to about 100 μm. In other embodiments, the width of the first adhesive tie layer, the second adhesive tie layer, or both, can be about 20 μm to about 90 μm, about 20 μm to about 80 μm, about 20 μm to about 60 μm, about 20 μm to about 40 μm, about 30 μm to about 100 μm, 30 μm to about 80 μm, about 30 μm to about 60 μm, about 30 μm to about 40 μm, about 40 μm to about 100 μm, about 40 μm to about 80 μm, about 40 μm to about 60 μm, about 60 μm to about 100 μm, about 60 μm to about 80 μm, or about 80 μm to about 100 μm.

In embodiments, the core layer (300) may include embodiments of the halogen-free flame retardant compositions described herein. In embodiments, the width of the core layer may be about 1mm to about 5 mm. In other embodiments, the width of the core layer may be about 2mm to about 4mm, about 2mm to about 3mm, about 3mm to about 5mm, about 3mm to about 4mm, or about 4mm to about 5 mm.

In an embodiment, the composite panels described herein may achieve a Euroclass a2 fire rating based on the characteristics of the core layer (130).

The method of producing embodiments of composite panels comprising the halogen-free flame retardant compositions described herein can comprise extruding a core layer. It is believed that providing an extrudable core material comprising the embodiments of the halogen-free flame retardant compositions described herein may allow for an economical and simplified composite panel production process that still meets the Euroclass a2 fire rating.

In an embodiment, the composite panel may be produced by extruding embodiments of the halogen-free flame retardant composition described herein through a flat slot die and shaping the composition in a roll press to form a core layer (130) and produce a final size. The core layer (130) may then be fed to the lamination step in-line, or it may be rolled for subsequent processing. In other embodiments, a method of producing a composite panel may include coextruding a first tie layer (120) and a second tie layer (120) onto a core layer (130). In other embodiments, a method of producing a composite panel may include laminating a first tie layer (120) and a second tie layer (120) to a core layer (130). In an embodiment, a method of producing a composite panel may include laminating a first metal layer (110) and a second metal layer (110) to a first tie layer (120) and a second tie layer (120) in an in-line production line to produce the composite panel (100).

In other embodiments, the halogen-free flame retardant composition for the core layer (130) may comprise one or more pre-compounding steps. Without being bound by theory, one or more pre-compounding steps may improve the handleability and integrity of the polyolefin matrix used to directly extrude the core layer (100). During direct extrusion, additional filler can be fed into the molten pre-compound (or "pre-batch") of the halogen-free flame retardant composition through a side feeder, and it can allow for more processes for producing composite panels.

Test method

The test method as used herein comprises the following:

euroclass system standard

The Euroclass system is a standard setting body (standards setting body) that publishes specifications, test protocols and guidelines for testing the fire resistance of building elements. In the Euroclass system, building products are classified into seven classes based on their characteristics of response to fire. The test methods and classification criteria for the building products (not including the floor) are then summarized in table 1.

Table 1 Euroclass system grade of fire response performance for building products (not including flooring).

Incombustibility test-EN ISO 1182

The purpose of the non-flammability test EN ISO 1182 is to identify products that may not cause a fire. To perform EN ISO 1182, the cylindrical test specimen was inserted into a vertical tube furnace at a temperature of about 750 ℃. The thermocouple was used to monitor temperature changes due to possible burning of the sample. The burning time of the sample was visually observed. After the test, the mass loss of the test specimen was determined.

The quantities used in the european classification are the furnace temperature increase (Δ T), the sample mass loss (Δ m) and the sample sustained combustion time (T)_f)。

Total latent heat energy test-EN ISO 1716

Total potential Heat energy (PCS) test EN ISO 1716 can be used to determine the potential maximum total heat release (in MJ/kg or MJ/m) of the product at full burn²Measured in units). For EN ISO 1716, the powdered test specimen is ignited in a pressurized oxygen atmosphere inside a closed steel cylinder (calorimeter) surrounded by a water jacket, and the water temperature rise during combustion is measured. The total latent heat energy may then be calculated based on the temperature rise, the sample quality, and the correction factor.

Single burning item test-EN 13823

The Single Burning Item (SBI) EN13823 test may be used to simulate a single burning item. For EN13823, test specimens were mounted on a specimen holder having two vertical wings made of non-combustible cardboard. The sample holder wings with dimensions of 1.0m x 1.5m and 0.5m x 1.5m are in a right angle corner configuration. Depending on the end application and use of the test material, the test specimens may be tested on the substrate or as a stand-alone product. The heat exposure on the surface of the sample was generated by a right-angled triangular propane gas burner placed at the bottom corner formed by the sample wings. The heat output of the burner is 30kW, which is at about 300cm²Over a region of about 40kW/m²Maximum thermal exposure. The burner simulates a single burning item. The combustion gases produced during the test are collected by a fume hood and extracted into an exhaust duct equipped to measure the temperature, light attenuation, O in the duct₂And CO₂Mole fraction and flow induced pressure differential.

The performance of the test specimens was evaluated over an exposure time of 20 minutes. During the test, the Heat Release Rate (HRR) was measured by using oxygen consumption calorimetry. The smoke generation rate (SPR) is measured in the exhaust duct based on light attenuation. The falling of burning droplets or particles was visually observed during the first 600 seconds(s) of thermal exposure on the test specimen. In addition, lateral flame propagation was observed to determine if the flame front reached the outer edge of the larger sample wing at any height between 500 millimeters (mm) and 1000mm during the test.

The classification parameters of the SBI test are the fire growth rate index (FIGRA) (W/s), the Lateral Flame Spread (LFS) and the Total Heat Release (THR)_600s). For smoke generation, and for burning droplets and particles, an additional classification parameter is defined as the smoke growth rate index (SMOGRA) (m) according to its occurrence during the first 600 seconds(s) of the test²/s²) And total smoke generation (TSP)_600s)。

The FIGRA and SMOGRA indices were calculated as follows:

where HRRav is the average heat release rate in kW over 30 seconds and SPRav is the average smoke generation rate in m seconds over 60 seconds²In s) and t is the time (in s) elapsed after the start of the test, i.e. after ignition of the burner. Constant coefficients are added to the definition of the parameters to obtain a convenient numerical range. Different heat release related thresholds for the FIGRA calculation are used in different grades to obtain the FIGRA_0.2MJAnd FIGRA_0.4MJThe value is obtained. In addition, SMOGRA calculations contain certain smoke generation related thresholds that are common to all levels of smoke generation.

THR within the first 600 seconds of the test_600sAnd TSP_600sValues were calculated as follows:

wherein HRR (t) and SPR (t) are the heat release rate and the smoke generation rate (in kW and m, respectively) as a function of time²In units of/s) and at is the measured data acquisition time interval (in units of s). THR_600sAnd TSP_600sIn units of MJ and m, respectively²。

Flammability test-EN ISO 11925-2

Flammability test EN ISO 11925-2 may be used to test the direct impact of a small flame on a specimen. Test specimens with dimensions of 250mm x 90mm were attached vertically on a U-shaped specimen holder during EN ISO 11925-2. A propane gas flame having a height of 20mm was brought into contact with the test specimen at an angle of 45 °. The point of application is 40mm above the bottom edge of the surface centerline (surface exposed), or at the center of the width of the bottom edge (edge exposed). Filter paper was placed under the sample holder to monitor the fall of flame fragments.

Two different flame application times and test durations were used depending on the product grade. For class E, the flame application time was 15 seconds, and the test was terminated 20 seconds after the flame was removed. For class B, class C and class D, the maximum duration of the test after removal of the flame was 60 seconds with a flame application time of 30 seconds. As previously shown in table 1, EN ISO 11925-2 is not a test method specifically used to determine Euroclass a2 rating, but EN ISO 11925-2 testing may be mandatory for building products according to the Euroclass fire rating system, including the metal composite panels disclosed herein.

The classification criteria are based on the following observations: whether the flame spread (Fs) reached 150mm within 60 seconds of the application of the flame and whether the filter paper underneath the test specimen ignited due to the flame fragments. In addition, the occurrence and duration of burning and burning was observed.

₂Melt index (I)

In order to test the melt index (I)₂) Ethylene-based polymer samples were measured at 190 ℃ under 2.16kg according to ASTM D1238. The values are reported in grams per 10 minutes, which corresponds to the number of grams eluted per 10 minutes.

Density of

To test density, samples were prepared and measured according to ASTM D4703 and are in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cc or g/cm)³) And (5) reporting. Measurements were made within one hour of sample pressing using ASTM D792, method B.

Examples of the invention

The following examples illustrate features of the present disclosure, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. The following experiments analyze the performance of the examples of halogen-free flame retardant compositions described herein.

The materials used to generate the examples described below include ELVAX from dupont as the polymer carrier^TM210W; as a polymer carrier, AFFINITY from dow chemical company of Midland (Midland, MI), michigan^TMGA 1000R; FUSABOND as a polymer carrier from Dow chemical company of Midland, Mich^TMAnd P353. Sidistar T120U from Elkem as amorphous silica; kenreac LICA 38 from Kenrich as a titanate-based processing aid; imerys 15 and MW-100 as crude calcium carbonate fillers from Imerys Carbonates; omyacarb 10-AV as crude calcium carbonate filler, Omyamaxx as coated calcium carbonate filler from Omya; hidromag Q3005 from Chimica del Rey as magnesium hydroxide flame retardant and filler; adeka FLAMESTAB FS 2200S as a phosphate-based flame retardant from adico (Adeka); martinal ON 313 from Huber Martinswerke as an aluminum trihydrate filler; and as aluminum trihydrate with processing aids Martinal ON 107LEO from Huber Martinswerke.

EXAMPLE 1 preparation of samples 1-12

Samples 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 were prepared as follows.

First, a masterbatch of polymer carrier and filler was pre-compounded to produce compounds A, B, C, D, E, F and G. Compounds A-G were prepared using the amounts of materials described in Table 2.

TABLE 2 formulation of Pre-batch sample Compounds A-G [% by weight ]

Compound (I)	A	B	C	D	E	F	G
								ELVAXTM210W	25	26.1			26.7	14.6
AFFINITYTMGA 1000R			25	20	2.5	14.6
								FUSABONDTMP353							29.2
Sidistar T120U	5			5	2.5	2.5	2.5
								Imerys MW-100	70
Imerys 15	-			75
								Omyacarb 10-AV					68.3	68.3
Omyamaxx		73.9	75				68.3

The materials were combined in the amounts shown in table 2 to produce pre-batch sample compounds a-G using a Buss PR 46 co-kneader under the processing conditions subsequently provided in table 3.

Table 3. pre-batch Buss compounding process conditions.

	Unit of
			Barrel temperature	℃	110
Temperature of the mold	℃	100
			Screw speed	rpm	250
Flux (W)	kg/h	20
			Melting temperature	℃	181
Pressure of the mold	Bar	21
			Power of kneading machine	kW	2.9

The pre-batch sample compounds A-G from step 1 were then extruded directly on a 25mm, 42L/D co-rotating twin screw extruder. Additional filler was side-fed into the molten pre-batch sample compounds a-G from synthesis step 1 to increase filler content according to the amounts subsequently provided in table 4. Table 5 lists the final formulations of samples 1-14, which were used as extrudable core layers.

TABLE 4 formulation of blend for extruded core sheet [% by weight ]

Sample numbering	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
													Compound A	38	49.4
Compound B			50	50	25
													Compound C					25		50	49.3
Compound D						50
													Compound E									52	62.5
Compound F											46.4	36.4
													Compound G												10
AFFINITYTMGA 1000R	2	0.6
													Omyamaxx	60	50	50			40			19	18.1	19
Imerys 15				30	30		30	30
													Omyacarb 10-AV									28.3		33.9	26.4
Martinal ON 313				20	20
													Hidromag Q3005							20	20		18.1		26.5
Flamestab FS 2200S						10
													Kenreact LICA 38								0.7
Sidistar T120U									0.7	1.3	0.7	0.7
													Total of	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100

TABLE 5 formulations for direct extrusion of core layer using samples 1-12

As shown in tables 2, 4 and 5, sample 1 comprised an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer and a blend of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene with 86.6 wt% filler; sample 2 contained an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer and a blend of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene with 84.6 wt% filler; sample 3 contained only ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer with 87 wt% filler; sample 4 contained only ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer with 87 wt% filler; sample 5 comprised a blend of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer and maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene with 87 wt% filler; sample 7 contained only maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene with 87.5 wt% filler; sample 8 contained only maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene with 87.7 wt% filler; sample 11 comprised an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer and a blend of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene with greater than 84.6 weight percent filler; and sample 12 comprised a blend of ethylene vinyl acetate, maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene, and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene with 84.5 wt% filler.

Comparative sample 6 contained maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene only with 77.5 wt% filler; comparative sample 9 comprised ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer and maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene with 82.8 wt% filler; and comparative sample 10 comprised a blend of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer and maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene with 78.9 wt% filler.

The final samples 1-12 were extruded through a 300mm flat-slit die on a 25mm co-rotating twin screw extruder and fed into a three-roll calendering apparatus to form 1mm thick core sample sheets. Table 6 lists the processing conditions for direct extrusion of the final formulations listed in table 5.

Table 6 extrusion conditions for the sheet line used to make the core sheet.

Example 2-TGA analysis to determine filler content achieved

Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the samples was performed according to ASTM E1131 to verify the final inorganic filler content of sample sheets 1-3, 9 and 10. Based on the TGA results, sample sheets 1-3 contained 83 wt% or more filler loading, and sheets 9 and 10 had less than 83 wt% filler loading. These results are subsequently provided in table 7.

TABLE 7 TGA of filler content for sample sheets 1-3, 9, and 10.

Sample (I)	Filler load (% by weight)
		Sample sheet 1	85% by weight
Sample sheet 2	83% by weight
		Sample sheet 3	87% by weight
Comparative sample sheet 9	81% by weight
		Comparative sample sheet 10	80% by weight

Example 3: total latent heat energy test-EN ISO 1716

Sample sheets 2, 3, 9 and 10 were evaluated according to EN ISO 1716. L. To evaluate the samples, three tests were performed on each sample, and the average of the three tests is reported in table 8.

TABLE 8 PCS analysis of sample sheets 2, 3, 9, and 10

Sample (I)	Filler load (% by weight)	PCS[MJ/kg]
			Sample sheet 2	83% by weight	2.81
Sample sheet 3	87% by weight	2.51
			Comparative sample sheet 9	81% by weight	4.5＝>3 (unqualified)
Comparative sample sheet 10	80% by weight	6.6＝>3 (unqualified)

As shown in Table 8, the results indicate that the lower gross calorific value of sample 2 (83% filler load) is 2.81MJ/kg and the lower gross calorific value of sample 3 (87% filler load) is 2.51MJ/kg, both passing the required Euroclass A2 fire rating requirement of less than 3 MJ/kg. Comparative sample sheets 9 and 10, each having an inorganic filler loading of less than 83 wt.% (81 wt.% and 80 wt.%, respectively), had a gross calorific value of less than 3MJ/kg and would not pass the Euroclass a2 fire rating requirement.

Obviously, modifications and variations are possible without departing from the scope of the disclosure as defined in the appended claims. More particularly, although some aspects of the present disclosure are identified herein as preferred or particularly advantageous, it is contemplated that the present disclosure is not necessarily limited to these aspects.