阅读说明：本技术 用于基于移动式能量蓄存器将电能馈入能量网络的装置、方法和电缆 (Device, method and cable for feeding electrical energy into an energy network based on a mobile energy store ) 是由 J·希尔丁格 于 2020-04-14 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种用于将电能馈入能量网络的装置,其中,该装置构造用于在来自第一能量源的能量和来自移动式能量蓄存器的能量之间进行切换。(The invention relates to a device for feeding electrical energy into an energy network, wherein the device is designed to switch between energy from a first energy source and energy from a mobile energy store.)

1. A device (102) for feeding electrical energy into an energy network (104), wherein the device is designed to switch between energy from a first energy source (101) and energy from a mobile energy store (107).

2. The device according to the preceding claim, wherein the energy network (104) is a low voltage network, in particular a home network.

3. The apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the first energy source (101) is a distributed energy source.

4. The device according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the mobile energy reservoir (107) is a high pressure reservoir.

5. The device according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the mobile energy reservoir (107) is provided in a means of transport.

6. The apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the switching is performed based on predetermined parameters, in particular as a function of time, capacity and/or load.

7. The device according to any of the preceding claims, configured for avoiding a predetermined state of the mobile energy reservoir (107).

8. The device according to any one of the preceding claims, which is configured for operating the mobile energy store (107) in a predetermined state, in particular an optimized state.

9. The device according to any one of the preceding claims, which is configured for exchanging information with an external device, in particular an energy network (104), a first energy source (101) and/or a mobile energy store (107).

10. The device according to any of the preceding claims, configured for extracting a predetermined power variable from a mobile energy reservoir (107).

11. The device according to any one of the preceding claims, which is configured for interacting with an inverter (103), in particular for activating an inverter.

12. The device according to any of the preceding claims, configured for charging a mobile energy reservoir (107) by means of the first energy source (101) and/or the energy network (104).

13. The device according to any one of the preceding claims, configured for preventing a mobile energy reservoir (107) from being fed back into the first energy source (101).

14. The device according to any of the preceding claims, configured for controlling whether a mobile energy reservoir (107) is charged or discharged.

15. The device according to any of the preceding claims, configured for connection to a contactor of a mobile energy reservoir (107).

16. Method for operating a device according to one of the preceding claims.

17. A cable (204) for connecting the mobile energy reservoir (107) with the energy network (104) and the first energy source, in particular via the device according to one of the preceding claims.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a device for feeding electrical energy into an energy network on the basis of a mobile energy store, to a cable for connecting a mobile energy store to an energy network, and to a method for operating such a device.

Background

Battery storage systems that can be used in external energy networks, such as single and multi-family homes or commercial enterprises, are commercially available as complete systems and must be installed in fixed installations in houses or enterprises. Mobile battery storage systems, such as those used in electrically operated vehicles, are often not used for their primary task. They are therefore not actually utilized. Accordingly, the following tasks occur: an improved integration of the mobile energy store and the external energy network is achieved.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention is defined by the independent claims. The dependent claims relate to corresponding developments.

According to a first aspect, the invention relates to a device for feeding electrical energy into an energy network, wherein the device is designed to switch between energy from a first energy source and energy from a mobile energy store.

It is an object of the invention to additionally use a mobile energy store for an external energy network. Another object is to replace a stationary energy reservoir with a mobile energy reservoir.

In part, mobile energy stores are utilized only for a few hours during the day. This may be the case, for example, if the mobile energy store is provided in an electric vehicle. The potential of mobile energy stores for application in external energy networks is therefore high. At present, however, mobile energy stores are not designed for use in external energy networks, i.e. outside the circuits, such as vehicle circuits, to which they are primarily intended to supply power. In particular, a standardization and authentication which is not available for the mobile energy store may be required for this purpose. In contrast, many external energy networks already have the components required for operation by means of mobile energy stores. This is especially the case when the external energy network has been fed by a distributed energy source. In particular, the energy network may already have an inverter, a dc electrical interface and/or a corresponding safety device.

According to one embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the device is designed for feeding energy into a low-voltage network, in particular a home network.

The low-voltage network is used for distributing electric energy to the terminal electrical appliances and supplying power to the low-voltage electrical appliances. They are therefore fed from the upper-stage medium-voltage network, in particular via a transformer.

The low voltage network may be configured as a three or four wire system. In particular, low-voltage networks are used to supply single-phase consumers. Low-voltage networks operate in particular at network voltages of 100V to 1000V. The voltage of the single low voltage network may be 250, 400, 630 or 1000 kVA. Other forms and operating voltages may also be common outside europe.

The low voltage network may in particular also be confined to one place, for example the low voltage network may be a single or multi-family house and/or a home network of one or more dwellings. The low voltage network may also be the energy network of a ship. The low voltage network may be a home network of private consumers.

According to an embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the device is configured for switching the energy of the first energy source, which is a distributed energy source.

A distributed energy source is an energy source that is not included in a public energy network. The distributed energy source may in particular be a private energy source, in particular a wind energy source, a solar energy source, such as a photovoltaic installation, and/or a water energy source. Especially independent networks at remote locations not connected to the public power grid, i.e. smaller, generator-less, interconnected structures also constitute distributed energy sources in the sense of the present invention. Likewise, wind farms and solar farms belong to the distributed energy source in the sense of the invention. In particular, the device may also be part of the first energy source and/or be arranged on the same platform as the first energy source.

According to one embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the device is designed for feeding energy from a high-pressure accumulator as a mobile energy accumulator into the energy network.

A high-voltage accumulator in the sense of the present invention can be a battery whose terminal voltage is greater than 40V, in particular greater than 60V, dc. The high-pressure accumulator may also be an energy accumulator designed for driving an electric vehicle. A high pressure accumulator may be composed of a plurality of interconnected accumulator units. The supercapacitor and/or mechanical flywheel reservoir may also be a high voltage reservoir.

According to one embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the device is designed for feeding energy from a mobile energy store arranged in the vehicle into the energy network.

The vehicle in the sense of the invention may be, for example, a passenger car (Pkw), a truck (Lkw) or a motorcycle equipped with a mobile electrical energy store. As an alternative, the transport means in the sense of the invention can also be a ship with a mobile electrical energy store. In particular, the device can also be part of a mobile energy store and/or be arranged on the same platform, in particular on a motor vehicle.

According to an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the switching is based on predetermined parameters, in particular as a function of time, capacity and/or load.

For example, the device may be configured such that the energy of the first energy source is fed into the energy network during the daytime as a function of time. For example, during daytime the photovoltaic installation can be used as a first energy source to supply energy to the energy network. During the night the device can be configured such that it feeds the energy of the mobile energy store into the energy network. Since if, for example, the first energy source is a photovoltaic installation, the photovoltaic installation is generally unable to supply significant energy to power the energy network at night. Therefore, the energy network must generally be powered by other energy sources. Of course, different time dependencies can also be defined, at which the first energy source is switched to the mobile energy store.

Additionally or alternatively, switching may be performed according to capacity. For example, the switching may depend on the ability of the first energy source to provide energy and/or the ability of the mobile energy reservoir to provide energy. In particular, if the solar radiation is too low and the photovoltaic system therefore cannot provide sufficient energy, a switchover from the photovoltaic system as the first energy store to the mobile energy store is possible.

Additionally or alternatively, switching may also be performed depending on the load. In particular, if the energy network requires correspondingly little energy, the mobile energy store can be switched over. Additionally or alternatively, the device can also be designed to supply energy from the first energy source and the mobile energy store to the energy network. This may be particularly useful if the energy requirements of the energy network, i.e. the load, cannot be covered solely by the first energy source and/or the mobile energy store.

In addition or alternatively, the mobile energy store can be switched over and the energy network can thus be supplied with energy from the mobile energy store until the mobile energy store has only a predetermined state of charge. This is particularly advantageous for operating a home network with a mobile energy store of an electric vehicle, as long as it is ensured that the vehicle can still travel for a predetermined time or for a predetermined distance on the basis of the energy contained in the mobile energy store.

According to one embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the device is designed to avoid a predetermined state of the mobile energy store.

The device cannot be operated in a predetermined state, in particular for safety reasons. In this case, it is possible that the device is designed to draw no more than a predetermined amount of energy from the mobile energy store, in particular not to allow the current from or into the mobile energy store to exceed a predetermined current. In particular, the device may comprise a contactor. The contactor may be configured to avoid short circuits, particularly when the connection between the device and the mobile energy reservoir is established or broken. As described above, the predetermined state may also include a specific charge capacity below the mobile energy reservoir. In particular, the predetermined state can also be a voltage or a voltage range of the mobile energy source, which should not be undershot.

According to a first aspect of the invention, the device is designed for operating the mobile energy store in a predetermined state, in particular an optimized state.

The device can be designed, for example, to operate the energy store in such a way that the maximum energy and/or power or an energy (or power) approximately corresponding to the maximum energy (or power) is extracted from the mobile energy store. This can be done in particular on the basis of a voltage-current characteristic (U-I characteristic). For example, commercial inverters are generally based on the voltage-current curve of a solar energy source or a stationary energy store. This ensures that a large amount of energy can be extracted from the energy source or energy reservoir without breaking through the energy source and/or damaging the energy source or energy reservoir. In particular, the device may comprise a plurality of different voltage/current curves, which are associated with different energy sources or different energy stores. Thus, a matching voltage-current curve can be selected when a specific energy store or a specific energy source is connected, in particular before the energy source or the energy store is loaded. This selection can also be made in particular automatically, for example by making the device available information about the connected mobile energy source.

According to one embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the device is configured to exchange information with an external device.

The device may comprise for this purpose common wireless and/or wired communication interfaces. The wireless communication interface may be based on WiFi, bluetooth, Zigbee, and/or 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G, and/or similar mobile communications. The wired communication interface may be implemented based on ethernet and/or a professional bus system, such as Profibus and/or Canbus. The device can be designed to communicate with an energy network and/or a mobile energy store, for example, in order to exchange information about a control, in particular about a U-I characteristic and/or other operating parameters.

Additionally or alternatively, the device may be configured for communication with a home network, in particular in order to obtain information about the energy demand required by the home network.

According to one embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the device is designed to extract a predetermined power variable from the mobile energy store.

A power variable in the sense of the present invention may relate to power, current, voltage, resistance and/or energy. In particular, the device can be designed to operate the mobile energy store in such a way that the power variable required by the home network is not exceeded. In particular, the device can be designed to obtain information about the energy network, for example based on sensors and/or estimations of the energy network, and to control or regulate the power variable of the mobile energy store accordingly on the basis of the obtained information.

According to one embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the device is designed for interacting with the inverter, in particular for activating the inverter.

The device can be designed in particular for connection to an inverter. The inverters can be constructed such that they first have to be activated before their operation can be started. This may be, for example, to avoid unnecessary power loss when the inverter is not in use. In this case, it is possible that the inverter must be activated with a corresponding signal, for example a predetermined current or a predetermined voltage. The apparatus may be configured to provide such an activation signal to the inverter. In particular, the device can be designed to correspondingly simulate a signal for activating the inverter, which signal is usually obtained, for example, from a photovoltaic system, so that the inverter starts operating when the signal is obtained, even if the energy is provided by a mobile energy store. This may be advantageous, since an inverter, which is provided for operation with the first energy source per se, may then be used with the device. This may be a commercial inverter, for example, which is designed to operate with the photovoltaic system and is therefore correspondingly also designed to be "woken up" by the photovoltaic system.

In particular, the device can be designed for interacting with commercial inverters. Such an inverter may be an inverter certified for the operation of the energy network. Additionally or alternatively, the inverter may be certified for processing power from a first energy source, in particular a photovoltaic device.

In particular, the device can also be part of the inverter and/or be arranged on the same platform as the inverter.

According to one embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the device is designed for charging the mobile energy store via the first energy source and/or the energy network.

Since mobile energy stores, in particular batteries of electric vehicles, store direct current, it is necessary to convert alternating current into direct current if an energy source, such as a public energy network, only supplies alternating current. There are two possibilities in the prior art for electric vehicles: or an on-board charger (AC charging) in the vehicle is responsible for conversion to direct current and charging the battery. Or a rectifier in the charging station (DC charging) converts the current directly and then charges the battery of the electric vehicle. The plug and the socket may also be different depending on the charging method.

Many mobile energy stores, such as batteries in electric vehicles, are suitable for charging with alternating current. The vehicle charger converts the alternating current into direct current for this purpose. The AC charging power may vary depending on the charger installed. To protect and communicate with the vehicle, an AC charging station is still required today. AC charging stations typically ensure that an electric vehicle is safely and comfortably charged at home or in a semi-public location, such as a business location or parking lot. The plug type for AC charging is particularly applicable to a household outlet, a CEE outlet or a type 1 plug or a type 2 plug.

For mobile energy stores, especially in certain electric vehicles, there are alternatives that are faster than AC charging: direct current or DC charging stations. Here, the current is directly charged into the battery. If the energy is supplied by an alternating current source, a rectifier is installed in the charging station. In part, these charging stations can achieve high charging powers of up to 250 kW. But DC charging stations are much more expensive than AC charging stations and are therefore used primarily in public areas. The plug type of the DC charging station may be, for example, a CHAdeMO plug, a CCS plug (Combo2 plug) or a plug of a tesla super charger.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the mobile energy store can be charged with power that is not required by the first energy source, in particular when the power that can be provided by the first energy source is not completely required for supplying the energy network. This can be particularly advantageous if the first energy source provides direct current, since in this way an additional rectification from alternating current to direct current can be avoided, as is done in typical chargers for mobile energy stores. In this case, the power of the first energy source is transmitted directly to the mobile energy store. This charging mode is also known under the term "DC charging".

In particular, the energy provided by the first energy source can be divided such that a portion is used for DC charging and a portion is fed into the energy network via the device.

The division can be based in particular on one or more predetermined parameters. For example, the division can be such that so much energy is used to charge the mobile energy store that the mobile energy store is optimally charged, in particular in terms of time. The remaining energy can be used to feed the energy network.

In particular, the DC interface of the device for feeding energy from the mobile energy store and/or for charging the mobile energy store from the first energy source can be combined with the AC interface for charging the mobile energy store from the energy network.

In particular, the plug and/or socket for connecting the device may be based on one of the above-mentioned plugs and/or sockets.

According to one embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the device is designed to prevent the mobile energy store from being fed back into the first energy source.

According to one embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the device is designed to control whether the mobile energy store is charged or discharged.

The control may involve DC charging or the supply of energy to the energy network with energy from the mobile energy store on the one hand and thus the control of the energy from the first energy source and/or the mobile energy store.

Additionally or alternatively, the control may relate to charging via an energy network, in particular via an inverter of the energy network. This may be in particular AC charging.

According to one embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the device is designed for connection to a contactor of a mobile energy store.

In particular, the device may comprise a cable for this purpose, which is based on one of the above-mentioned plugs and/or sockets. In particular, the cable may also include a communication channel according to one or more of the above-described wired communication methods.

According to a second aspect of the invention, the device relates to a method for operating a device according to the first aspect of the invention or an embodiment of the first aspect.

According to a third aspect, the invention relates to a cable for connecting a mobile energy store with an energy network and a first energy source. The cable may in particular establish a connection via the device according to the first aspect or an embodiment of the first aspect.

In particular, the cable may be based on one of the plugs and/or one of the sockets. In particular, the cable may have three cores for AC charging and two cores for DC charging and/or feeding the energy network with energy from the mobile energy store. Additionally or alternatively, the cable may have a communication channel to enable wired communication.

Drawings

Fig. 1 shows a block diagram illustrating the operation of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 2 shows an arrangement for explaining the operation of an apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention and a cable according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

FIG. 1 shows a block diagram illustrating the operation of a system having an apparatus 102 according to one embodiment of the invention. The system 100 includes a photovoltaic device 101 that typically provides direct current U1_ DC to an inverter 103. The direct current U1_ DC is converted to alternating current U _ AC by an inverter and fed into a low voltage network, in this case the home network 104. The home network is additionally connected to the public energy network 105, and in particular energy U2_ AC not needed by the home network can be fed back into the public network from the photovoltaic installation. Of course, the energy from the public energy network can also be used to feed the home network if the energy of the photovoltaic installation is not sufficient to cover the energy requirements of the home network.

In order to make better use of the energy from the photovoltaic system, an energy store can be used, which is arranged fixedly in the home network and in which the energy of the photovoltaic system is stored, if the home network requires it. Such energy accumulators are expensive.

An alternative to this is the use of a mobile energy store. As shown in fig. 1, the mobile energy store can be a mobile energy store which is provided in the vehicle 107 in order to operate the vehicle electrically. As shown therein, such a vehicle may also be charged via the home network 104. This can be done, for example, by means of an alternating current U1_ AC of the home network, whereupon a rectifier provided in the transport converts the alternating current U1_ AC provided by the home network into a direct current U3_ DC. A rectifier, which may be represented by block 108 in this example, is disposed in the vehicle 107. In addition or alternatively, the AC power U1_ AC provided by the home network can also be converted into DC power U1_ DC using a rectifier already in the home network or connected to the home network, which rectifier is not part of the vehicle, in order to charge the mobile energy store.

In order to make more efficient use of the mobile energy store 107 of the vehicle, in particular when no vehicle is needed, the device 102 is used according to the invention. Not only the mobile energy reservoir 107 but also the photovoltaic installation 101 can be connected to the apparatus. The device is designed to switch between direct current U1_ DC from the photovoltaic system and direct current U2_ DC from the mobile energy store and to feed the home network 104 with one of the energies from the photovoltaic system and the mobile energy store. Furthermore, energy from the photovoltaic installation 101 and energy from the mobile energy store 107 can also be fed jointly into the home network 104 by means of the device 102. The device 102 is designed to supply a direct current U _ DC to an inverter 103 already located in the home network. The inverter converts the energy into an alternating voltage U _ AC for the home network, irrespective of whether the energy comes from the photovoltaic installation or the mobile energy storage.

To be able to operate the inverter, the device 102 may simulate a wake-up signal to transition the inverter from the standby mode into the run mode. This signal is typically directly from the photovoltaic equipment if the photovoltaic equipment is not connected to the inverter 103 through the device 102.

Further, the device 102 may transmit information regarding the extraction of energy from the mobile energy reservoir 107 to the inverter 103. The optimized energy extraction to extract energy from the mobile energy reservoir 107 may be different from the optimized energy extraction to extract energy from the photovoltaic apparatus 101. In particular, the voltage-current characteristic curves may differ. Since the inverter 103 is provided for the photovoltaic installation, it only contains information about the extraction of energy from the photovoltaic installation, but not about the operation of the mobile energy store 107. This information is provided by the device 102.

Further, the device 102 comprises a communication interface for receiving SENSOR information SENSOR from the home network 104. The sensor information includes information about the current energy demand of the home network 104. With this information, the device 102 can adjust the energy draw from the mobile energy store in such a way that enough energy is drawn from the mobile energy store 107 of the motor vehicle to operate the home network 104, but not too much.

Fig. 2 shows an arrangement 200 for explaining the operation of a device 202 according to an embodiment of the invention and a cable 204 according to an embodiment of the invention. First, a Set-up 200(Set-up) arrangement of a modern home is shown. The electric vehicle 206 is connected to the single-family house 203 via the wall box 202 by a cable 204 and is typically charged by the electric network of the single-family house. The single-family dwelling has a photovoltaic device 201 that provides energy U1_ DC for the electrical energy needs of the single-family dwelling 203. The individual houses are additionally connected to a public power network (not shown) to which unwanted energy of the photovoltaic devices can be fed and which additionally provides energy to feed the power network of the individual houses, for example when the photovoltaic devices provide too little energy to cover the energy demand.

According to the embodiment of the invention shown here, the device 202 is designed as a wall box. The device 202 is connected to photovoltaic installations and public energy networks via the electrical energy network of the individual household and is configured to supply alternating current U1_ AC or direct current U3_ DC via the cable 204 for charging the mobile energy storage of the means of transport 206.

Furthermore, the device 202 is designed to extract energy from a mobile energy store of the means of transport 206 and to feed it into the energy network of the individual household via an inverter (not shown) of the photovoltaic system. In this case, the energy is direct current U2_ DC, which is provided by a mobile energy reservoir, in this case by the battery of the vehicle 206. The figure shows that the energy U2_ DC from the mobile energy store of the transport means 206 can be supplied to the electrical energy network of the individual household with only one single cable and additionally the energy from the photovoltaic system can be used directly for charging the mobile energy store (DC charging). Furthermore, the vehicle may be charged via a cable from a home network (DC charging or AC charging), for example with energy from a photovoltaic device that has previously been converted by an inverter into alternating current for an individual household electrical energy network, or with energy from a public electrical energy network. Furthermore, information COM can be exchanged via cables between the home network 203, inverters, not shown, and/or the mobile energy store of the transport means 206.

List of reference numerals

100. 200 operating environment of the invention

101. 201 photovoltaic device

102. 202 apparatus (embodiment of the invention)

103 inverter

104. 203 home network

105 public energy network

107. 206 vehicle with mobile energy storage

108 charger for mobile energy storage

204 cable (embodiment of the invention)

205 signal and power paths of the cable.