阅读说明：本技术 秦艽秸秆在制备饲料中的应用 (Application of gentiana macrophylla straw in preparation of feed ) 是由 魏莉霞 潘发明 郝生燕 陈文庆 杨发荣 于 2021-08-11 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了秦艽秸秆在制备饲料中的应用,属于畜牧养殖技术领域,在本发明中,所述秦艽秸秆能够促进动物胃液分泌、帮助消化、能够提高动物采食量和饲料消化率,且能够提高动物抗病的能力。经过验证,日粮中添加质量百分含量为15％的秦艽秸秆对育肥羔羊的育肥效果好,饲料转化效率高,羔羊平均日增重、全期平均日采食量呈现增加的趋势。秦艽秸秆能够满足养殖户的需求,添加到养殖饲料后羊群的健康状况以及食用状况都得到良好的改善,不仅提高了秦艽种植户的经济效益,同时还能为养殖户带来良好的饲料,能够实现秦艽秸秆的合理利用。(The invention provides application of gentiana macrophylla straw in preparation of feed, belongs to the technical field of livestock breeding, and can promote gastric secretion of animals, help digestion, improve feed intake and feed digestibility of the animals and improve disease resistance of the animals. Through verification, the fattening effect of fattening lambs is good by adding the gentiana macrophylla straws with the mass percentage of 15% into the daily ration, the feed conversion efficiency is high, and the average daily gain and the average daily feed intake of the lambs in the whole period show a trend of increasing. The gentiana macrophylla straw can meet the requirements of farmers, the health condition and the edible condition of the flocks of sheep after the straw is added into the breeding feed are well improved, the economic benefit of gentiana macrophylla growers is improved, meanwhile, the good feed can be brought to the farmers, and the reasonable utilization of the gentiana macrophylla straw can be realized.)

1. Application of radix Gentianae Marcrophyllae straw in preparing feed is provided.

2. A feed comprises daily ration and radix Gentianae Marcrophyllae stalk; the mass percentage of the gentiana macrophylla straw in the feed is 5% -20%.

3. The feed as claimed in claim 2, wherein the mass percentage of gentiana macrophylla straw in the feed is 10-15%.

4. The feed of claim 2 or 3, wherein the feed comprises corn stover; the corn straw accounts for 30-45% of the feed by mass.

5. The feed as claimed in claim 4, wherein the corn stalk accounts for 35-40% of the feed by mass.

6. The feed according to any one of claims 2, 3 and 5, wherein the feed is a pellet feed; the diameter of the pellet feed is 5-6 mm; the length of the pellet feed is 10-15 mm.

7. Use of the feed according to any one of claims 2 to 6 for fattening mutton sheep.

8. Use of the feed of any one of claims 2 to 6 for increasing weight and/or feed intake of a mutton sheep.

9. Use according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the mutton sheep comprise lambs.

10. Use according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: feeding mutton sheep with the feed; the feeding frequency of the feed is 2-4 times per day.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of livestock breeding, in particular to application of gentiana macrophylla straw in preparation of feed.

Background

Gentiana macrophylla, also called SHANQIANQIAN, XIQIANQIANLIAN and RADIX PAEONIAE, is a perennial herb of Gentianaceae, and is bitter in flavor and pungent in nature. Large-leaf gentian root is mainly distributed in areas with higher altitude, such as Gansu, Ningxia, Yunnan, Sichuan Qinghai and the like, generally grows in hillside, grass and roadside in a wild way, and is domesticated for many years, and large-area artificial cultivation is carried out at present. The time from sowing to digging is generally 4-5 years for the artificial planting of the large-leaved gentian, the straws are generated every year after the second year of growth, the straws are used as byproducts for planting the large-leaved gentian, the straws need to be cut off and discarded at the end of each year, and the large-leaved gentian straws are not reasonably utilized.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide the application of gentiana macrophylla straw in preparing feed, and the reasonable utilization of the gentiana macrophylla straw can be realized.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

the invention provides application of gentiana macrophylla straw in preparation of feed.

The invention also provides a feed, which comprises daily ration and gentiana macrophylla straws; the mass percentage of the gentiana macrophylla straw in the feed is 5% -20%.

Preferably, the mass percentage of the gentiana macrophylla straws in the feed is 10% -15%.

Preferably, the daily feed contains corn stalks; the corn straw accounts for 30-45% of the feed by mass.

Preferably, the corn straw accounts for 35-40% of the feed by mass.

Preferably, the feed is a pellet feed; the diameter of the pellet feed is 5-6 mm; the length of the pellet feed is 10-15 mm.

The invention also provides application of the feed in the scheme in mutton sheep fattening.

The invention also provides application of the feed in the scheme in improving the weight of the mutton sheep and/or increasing the feed intake of the mutton sheep.

Preferably, the meat sheep comprise lambs.

Preferably, the application comprises the following steps: feeding mutton sheep with the feed; the feeding frequency of the feed is 2-4 times per day.

The invention provides application of gentiana macrophylla straw in preparation of feed. Through verification, the fattening effect of fattening lambs is good by adding the gentiana macrophylla straws with the mass percentage of 15% into the daily ration, the feed conversion efficiency is high, and the average daily gain and the average daily feed intake of the lambs in the whole period show a trend of increasing. The gentiana macrophylla straw can meet the requirements of farmers, the health condition and the edible condition of the flocks of sheep after the straw is added into the breeding feed are well improved, the economic benefit of gentiana macrophylla growers is improved, meanwhile, the good feed can be brought to the farmers, and the reasonable utilization of the gentiana macrophylla straw can be realized.

Detailed Description

The invention provides application of gentiana macrophylla straw in preparation of feed.

In the invention, the gentiana macrophylla straw is preferably air-dried and crushed. In the invention, the gentiana macrophylla straw can promote gastric secretion of animals, help digestion, improve feed intake and feed digestibility of the animals and improve disease resistance of the animals.

The invention also provides a feed, which comprises daily ration and gentiana macrophylla straws; the mass percentage of the gentiana macrophylla straw in the feed is 5% -20%.

In the invention, the mass percentage of the gentiana macrophylla straw in the feed is preferably 10-15%.

In the present invention, the feed preferably contains corn stover; the mass percentage of the corn straws in the feed is preferably 30-45%, and more preferably 35-40%.

In the present invention, the feed is preferably a pellet feed; the diameter of the pellet feed is preferably 5-6 mm; the length of the pellet feed is preferably 10-15 mm.

In the invention, the feed preferably comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 35-45 parts of corn straw, 5-15 parts of gentiana macrophylla straw, 24-24.8 parts of corn, 5.2-5.6 parts of bran, 9.9-10.4 parts of soybean meal, 8.8-9.4 parts of rapeseed meal, 0.3 part of calcium carbonate, 0.15 part of calcium bicarbonate, 0.3 part of salt and 0.15 part of premix.

The invention also provides application of the feed in the scheme in mutton sheep fattening.

The invention also provides application of the feed in the scheme in improving the weight of the mutton sheep and/or increasing the feed intake of the mutton sheep.

In the present invention, the meat sheep preferably include lambs.

In the present invention, the application preferably comprises the steps of: feeding mutton sheep with the feed; the feeding frequency of the feed is 2-4 times per day.

The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

Comparison of nutritive value of gentiana macrophylla byproduct

Collecting the air-dried whole gentiana macrophylla straw, corn straw, alfalfa hay and quinoa straw samples, smashing, crushing, sieving with a 40-mesh sieve, filling into a sampling bag, and sealing and storing for measuring DM, CP, Ash, EE, ADF, NDF, Ca, P and the like. The determination of various nutrients was carried out according to the determination method described in "techniques for analyzing and measuring feed quality" (Yang Sheng, 1993). The results are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1 nutrient composition table of Gentiana macrophylla straw and the like

The results show that the content of crude protein and calcium in the gentiana macrophylla straws is higher than that of the corn straws and lower than that of the alfalfa hay and the quinoa straws; the crude ash content of the gentiana macrophylla straws is obviously lower than that of corn straws, alfalfa hay and quinoa straws; for NDF and ADF, the straw of Gentiana macrophylla is higher than that of corn straw, alfalfa hay and quinoa straw.

From the nutrition perspective, the gentiana macrophylla straw has high crude protein content and high organic matter content, and is a high-quality forage grass resource.

Second, research on fattening effect of sheep by using gentiana macrophylla straw granulated feed with different addition proportions

1. Time and place of experiment

Animal experiments were conducted in 2018 in the farms of Lanzhou salary yoga animal husbandry, Inc. 7 months; the sample analysis is completed in livestock and grass of agricultural science institute in Gansu province, a laboratory of Green agricultural research institute and a laboratory of animal science and technology institute of Gansu agricultural university.

2. Test materials

The gentiana macrophylla straw for the test is provided by the research institute of cash crops and beer raw materials of agricultural academy of sciences in Gansu province.

3. Design of experiments

The test adopts a single-factor random block design, A, B, C, D four treatment groups are set, the treatment group A is a control group (Gentiana macrophylla straw is 0), and the B, C, D treatment groups are respectively the Gentiana macrophylla straw adding amount of 5%, 10% and 15%.

4. Selection of test sheep

Selecting 40 healthy Dubo ram multiplied by lake ewes (average weight 25.2 +/-0.7 kg) with similar month age and weight, randomly dividing into 4 groups, performing comparison test on 10 ram multiplied by 4 groups, feeding twice (7: 00 and 16: 00) each day, mixing materials in groups (refined material and coarse material are mixed uniformly), and feeding in groups. The water is freely drunk.

5. Feed formula

The test basal diet formula refers to mutton sheep feeding standard (NY/T816-2004) of agricultural industry of the people's republic of China, and is prepared according to the nutrition requirement of fattening sheep with weight of 25kg and daily gain of 260 g/d. In the formula calculation, the contents of Dry Matter (DM), Crude Protein (CP), Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) in the feed raw materials are measured, and other indexes refer to Chinese feed ingredients and a nutrition value table (26 th edition). The feed raw materials are crushed, fully stirred and mixed, and are pressed into granulated feeds by adopting a cold granulation process, wherein the granulation temperature is 70 ℃, the diameter is 6mm, the length is 10-15 mm, and the granulated feeds are naturally air-dried for later use. The basal diet formula and nutritional levels are shown in table 2.

Table 2 basal ration formula and nutritional level (air dry basis,%)

Note: the premix consists of minerals and vitamins: wherein minerals (mg/kg): fe, 70; zn, 41; cu, 8; i, 0.7; mn, 24; se, 0.3; 0.3 parts of Co; vitamins (IU/kg): VA, 2500; VE, 23.

5. Feeding management

After the transition period (15 days), a pilot period (15 days) was started, and the positive period was 60 days. Feeding twice a day for 7:30 and 16:30, and freely drinking water. After the test is shifted to the positive test period, the lambs of each test group receive different diet treatments according to the test design, and the feeding system and the feeding mode are unchanged.

6. Determination of production Performance indicators

Recording the feeding amount and the residual amount of each group of sheep per day by taking the group as a unit; in the test period, the fasting live weight of the lamb is weighed (the lamb is weighed for two consecutive days at the beginning and the end of the test) by taking 15 days as a time period, the fasting live weight is divided into four time periods in total, and the daily gain of the lamb, the daily average feed consumption and the feed conversion rate are calculated.

7. Data analysis

After the test data are collated by Excel2010, single-factor analysis of variance is carried out by adopting the One-Way ANOVA program of SPSS19.0 statistical analysis software, and multiple comparisons are carried out by a Tukey method when the differences are obvious. The standard of the difference is that the difference is obvious when P <0.05, and the difference is trend when P is more than or equal to 0.05 and less than 0.10.

8. Test results and analysis

8.1 influence of Gentiana macrophylla straw granulated feed with different addition proportions on lamb production performance

TABLE 3 influence of Gentiana macrophylla straw pellet feed with different addition proportions on lamb productivity

The results show that the average daily gain and the average daily feed intake of the D treatment group are obviously higher than those of the A, B, C treatment group, and the average daily gain and the average daily feed intake of the lamb in the whole period show a trend of increasing with the increase of the addition amount of the gentiana macrophylla straws.

8.2 influence of Gentiana macrophylla straw granulated feed with different addition proportions on feed conversion rate

TABLE 4 dynamic Change in feed conversion ratio for test sheep

The feed conversion rates of all groups in all time periods are compared, along with the extension of the test period, the feed consumption of all groups in unit weight gain is increased in the second and third time periods of the positive test period, the fourth time period is increased except for the fourth group, the rest groups are reduced, and the feed conversion rate of the treatment group D in the whole period is the highest.

9. Conclusion

Under the test condition, the fattening effect of fattening lambs is the best by adding 15% of gentiana macrophylla straws into the daily ration, and the feed conversion efficiency is the highest.

Thirdly, the influence of gentiana macrophylla straws on nutrient digestion and metabolism of lambs

1. Time and place of experiment

Animal digestion and metabolism tests are carried out in the Duty peak Tan sheep farm in the Ministry county in 2018 and 10 months; the sample analysis is completed in livestock and grass of agricultural science institute in Gansu province, a laboratory of Green agricultural research institute and a laboratory of animal science and technology institute of Gansu agricultural university.

2. Test materials

The gentiana macrophylla straw for the test is provided by the research institute of cash crops and beer raw materials of agricultural academy of sciences in Gansu province.

3. Design of experiments

The test adopts single factor test design, and 2 diet treatment groups are respectively a control group and a 15% gentiana macrophylla straw group. Test selection of Hu sheep weaned male lambs with same genetic background, health, no disease, good growth condition and similar weight (28.7 +/-1.2 kg) at 3 months of age, dividing the Hu sheep weaned male lambs into 2 groups according to the weight consistency principle, wherein each group has 5 repetitions, and each repetition has 1 sheep. The test is arranged to be fed with basic ration during a transition period 14d, a pre-test period 10d, a positive test period 6d, a transition period and a pre-feeding period.

4. Feed formula

The test basal diet formula refers to mutton sheep feeding standard (NY/T816-2004) of agricultural industry of the people's republic of China, and is prepared according to the nutrition requirement of fattening sheep with the weight of 30kg and the daily gain of 250 g/d. In the formula calculation, the contents of Dry Matter (DM), Crude Protein (CP), Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) in the feed raw materials are measured, and other indexes refer to Chinese feed ingredients and a nutrition value table (26 th edition). The feed raw materials are crushed, fully stirred and mixed, and are pressed into granulated feeds by adopting a cold granulation process, wherein the granulation temperature is 70 ℃, the diameter is 6mm, the length is 10-15 mm, and the granulated feeds are naturally air-dried for later use. The basal diet formula and nutritional levels are shown in table 5.

Table 5 basal diet formula and nutritional levels (air-dry basis,%)

Note: premix consists of minerals and vitamins, wherein the minerals (mg/kg): fe, 70; zn, 41; cu, 8; i, 0.7; mn, 24; se, 0.3; 0.3 parts of Co; vitamins (IU/kg): VA, 2500; VE, 23.

5. Feeding management

The experimental sheep are fed by adopting single metabolism cages, the influence of position effect is considered by repeating the arrangement of sheep, each single cage is provided with an independent trough and a small water bucket, feeding and drinking water are freely taken, the water buckets are cleaned every day, and sufficient and clean drinking water is guaranteed. The test sheep were fed 4 times a day at 6:30, 11:30, 15:30 and 19:30, and the daily feed amount and the remaining feed amount were accurately recorded.

6. Digestive metabolism assay

During the test period, test sheep were placed in digestive metabolism cages and fed in single cages. And tying the test sheep with a fecal bag after the pre-feeding period begins, accurately controlling the tightness of the fecal bag, reducing stress and enabling the test sheep to quickly adapt to the metabolic fecal bag and the metabolic cage. In the normal test period (feces collection 6d), feces are collected twice at fixed points every day so as to prevent too many feces from falling off, and the urine collection barrel is covered with three layers of gauze to prevent the feces from falling into the barrel. Accurately recording the daily feeding amount and the residual feeding amount of the lambs. Changing water 1 time every day, sterilizing every other day to ensure good ventilation, cleanness and sanitation of the sheep pen; the rumination behavior, the ingestion and the defecation of the tested sheep are observed, and the daily care is enhanced.

6.1 Collection of feed, feces and urine samples

During the digestion and metabolism test period, about 200g of feed samples are collected every day, then the feed samples in the whole test period are uniformly mixed, the feed samples are sampled by adopting a quartering method, naturally dried, crushed and sieved by a 40-mesh sieve, and stored at 4 ℃ for later use. Collecting feces sample and urine sample by total feces collection method and total urine collection method, cleaning feces bag and feces tray at the beginning of normal test period, tying feces collection bag, placing urine collection barrel, and adding concentrated H into urine collection barrel₂SO₄5 ml. The daily feed amount and the residual material amount are accurately recorded. And (3) measuring the pH value of the urine by using a pH test paper before collecting the urine sample every day, ensuring that the pH value of the urine is below 2, regularly collecting the feces and the urine sample every day, and recording the feces output and urine output every day. Taking 6-10% of total urine as urine sample every day, taking 5-10% of total feces sample of each test sheep every day (the proportion of feces sample collected by each test sheep every day in the test period is consistent), putting the urine sample into an aluminum box, continuously collecting the urine sample for 6 days, drying the urine sample to constant weight at 65-70 ℃, uniformly mixing the urine sample and the feces sample by a quartering method, crushing the urine sample and sieving the urine sample by a 40-mesh sieve, putting the urine sample and the feces sample into a sampling bag, and sealing and storing the urine sample for determining the conventional nutritional ingredients of the feces sample. Another 2% of fresh excrement sample is put into a wide-mouth bottle, and a proper amount of H (which is only obtained by completely immersing the excrement sample) of 10% is added₂SO₄The solution was then stored in a refrigerator (4 ℃).

6.2 Main measurement indices, methods and calculation formulas

(1) The total urine volume within 24h of urine collection, i.e. the total urine volume from the first day at 9 am to the second day at 9 am. Taking urine of 6 days as urine sample of digestion test sheep according to a uniform proportion every day;

(2) feces amount the total feces amount was collected for 24 hours, that is, the total feces amount from the first day at 9 am to the second day at 9 am.

(3) Routine nutrient determination dry matter (GB/T6435-; the measurement can always be carried out using an oxygen-nitrogen calorimeter (model: C2000; IKA instruments, Germany).

(4) Correlation index calculation

Digestion nitrogen (g/d) is the amount of feed nitrogen eaten by test sheep (g/d) and the amount of manure nitrogen discharged by test sheep (g/d);

② deposited nitrogen (g/d), the amount of feed nitrogen eaten by test sheep (g/d), the amount of fecal nitrogen discharged by test sheep (g/d), and the amount of urine nitrogen discharged by test sheep (g/d);

③ percent (%) nitrogen deposition (deposited nitrogen/ingested nitrogen × l 00;

(iv) apparent digestibility (%) of crude fat (amount of crude fat eaten by test sheep-amount of crude fat discharged from test sheep manure)/amount of crude fat eaten by test sheep × l 00.

Fifth, digestion is the energy of eating feed-the energy of manure

Sixthly, the apparent digestibility (%) of a certain nutrient (certain nutrient amount eaten by the test sheep-certain nutrient amount discharged from the test sheep manure)/certain nutrient amount eaten by the test sheep x l 00.

7. Data analysis

After the test data are collated by Excel2013, single-factor analysis of variance is carried out by using One-Way ANOVA program of SPSS19.0 statistical analysis software, and multiple comparisons are carried out by a Tukey method when the difference is obvious. The standard of the difference is that the difference is obvious when P <0.05, and the difference is trend when P is more than or equal to 0.05 and less than 0.10.

8. Test results and analysis

8.1 Effect of Gentiana macrophylla straw on nutrient digestion and metabolism

8.1.1 Effect of Gentiana macrophylla straw on the apparent digestibility of DM and OM of lamb

As can be seen from Table 6, the DM feeding amount, the discharge amount, the digestion amount and the digestion rate of the lambs fed with gentiana macrophylla straw daily ration have no significant influence (P > 0.05). Compared with the control group, the sheep OM eating amount of the test group is increased, the discharge amount is reduced, and the OM digestion rate and the digestion rate are both obviously higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05).

TABLE 6 influence of Gentiana macrophylla straw on the apparent digestibility (kg/d) of lamb DM and OM

8.1.2 Effect of Gentiana macrophylla straw on lamb nitrogen apparent digestibility and survival rate

As can be seen from Table 7, the Gentiana macrophylla straw has an influence on the nitrogen apparent digestibility and nitrogen retention rate of the lambs, and the nitrogen retention amount, the digestibility and the nitrogen retention rate of 15% of Gentiana macrophylla straw groups are obviously higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05).

TABLE 7 influence of Gentiana macrophylla straw on lamb nitrogen apparent digestibility and nitrogen retention (g/d)

In conclusion, the nutrient utilization rate of organic matters and nitrogen can be improved by adding 15% of gentiana macrophylla straws into lamb ration, and the breeding efficiency is greatly increased.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.