阅读说明：本技术 一种叶束式雪茄茄芯的制备方法 (Preparation method of leaf bundle type cigar core ) 是由 刘辉 江雪彬 王剑 潘勇 夏秋冬 叶明樵 李林林 施友志 刘利平 于 2021-09-08 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种叶束式雪茄茄芯的制备方法,属于雪茄加工生产技术领域。一种叶束式雪茄茄芯的制备方法,包括以下步骤：(1)将烟叶堆积发酵10-20h；(2)将经过步骤(1)处理的烟叶浸入发酵液中,放入发酵室中进行第二次发酵,发酵液中包括枣汁、糖、米酒、红米；(3)向经过步骤(1)(2)处理的烟叶上喷洒混合发酵剂,进行第三次发酵；(4)再把经过(3)处理的烟叶进行水分平衡；(5)将烟叶进行真空回潮、分级；(6)再将合格烟叶进行醇化；(7)将醇化以后的合格烟叶进行卷制,制成茄芯。本发明通过三重发酵的方式能够使茄芯充分发酵,燃烧的时候没有苦味,杂质气体少,雪茄的口感更醇和,茄芯燃烧彻底。(The invention provides a preparation method of a leaf bundle type cigar core, belonging to the technical field of cigar processing and production. A method for preparing a leaf bundle cigar core comprises the following steps: (1) stacking and fermenting tobacco leaves for 10-20 h; (2) soaking the tobacco leaves treated in the step (1) into fermentation liquor, and putting the tobacco leaves into a fermentation chamber for secondary fermentation, wherein the fermentation liquor comprises jujube juice, sugar, rice wine and red rice; (3) spraying a mixed starter on the tobacco leaves treated in the steps (1) and (2) for third fermentation; (4) balancing the moisture of the tobacco leaves processed in the step (3); (5) carrying out vacuum moisture regain and grading on tobacco leaves; (6) then alcoholizing the qualified tobacco leaves; (7) and rolling the qualified alcoholized tobacco leaves to prepare the eggplant core. The invention can fully ferment the cigar core by a triple fermentation mode, has no bitter taste during combustion, has less impurity gas, ensures that the cigar has more mellow taste and the cigar core is completely combusted.)

1. A method for preparing a leaf bundle type cigar core is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) placing the stacked tobacco leaves in a hot steam environment, fermenting for 10-20h, and performing primary fermentation;

(2) soaking the tobacco leaves treated in the step (1) into fermentation liquor, then airing, putting into a fermentation chamber for secondary fermentation, wherein the time of the secondary fermentation is 50-60h, and the fermentation liquor comprises jujube juice, sugar, rice wine and red rice;

(3) spraying a mixed fermentation agent on the tobacco leaves treated in the steps (1) and (2) for third fermentation, wherein the time of the third fermentation is 60-90h, and the fermentation mixed agent comprises one or more of bacillus, tobacco source bacteria, protease and cellulase;

(4) then placing the tobacco leaves processed in the step (3) in a refrigeration house at 5 ℃ for refrigeration for 50-55 days for moisture balance;

(5) carrying out vacuum moisture regain and grading on the tobacco leaves, and screening out qualified tobacco leaves;

(6) then putting the qualified tobacco leaves into an alcoholization chamber for alcoholization for 30-100 h;

(7) and rolling the qualified alcoholized tobacco leaves to prepare the eggplant core.

2. The method for preparing a leaf bundle type cigar core according to claim 1, wherein the fermentation broth comprises 8-9 parts by weight of jujube juice, 10-13 parts by weight of sugar, 16-18 parts by weight of rice wine, 7-9 parts by weight of red rice and 65-83 parts by weight of water.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the fermentation mixture comprises bacillus, tobacco-derived bacteria, and cellulase.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first fermentation is at a temperature of 50-55 ℃ and a relative humidity of 50-65%.

5. The process for the preparation of a bundle of cigars according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the temperature of the second fermentation is 61-64 ℃ and the relative humidity is 70-75%.

6. The process for the preparation of a bundle of cigars according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the temperature of the third fermentation is 55-60 ℃ and the relative humidity is 55-60%.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the temperature of the tobacco leaves after the vacuum moisture regain in the step (5) is 55 to 70 ℃, and the moisture content of the tobacco leaves is increased by 2 to 4%.

8. The process for the preparation of a bundle of cigars according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the alcoholization chamber is comprised between 45 and 50 ℃ and the relative humidity is comprised between 75 and 80%.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the acceptable tobacco leaves have a grammage of less than 10 grams and a thickness of less than 20 um.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of cigar processing and production, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a leaf bundle type cigar core.

Background

Composition of cigars: the hand-made cigar consists of a cigar core, a cigar sleeve, a cigar coat and a cigar cap. The eggplant core is formed by manually and elaborately folding the separated tobacco leaves according to the length of the tobacco leaves, so that air can flow through the eggplant core. The core of the machine-made cigar is made of tobacco scraps. The function of the sleeve is to roll the cigars together. The leaves of tobacco plants with more sunlight and thicker materials are generally used for protecting cigars due to better tension. The outermost coat is the outer appearance of a cigar. The tobacco leaves of the eggplant coat are smooth, not greasy and slightly fragrant. The hand-made cigar is provided with a cigar cap at the top end, and the cigar is sealed to keep moisture and be beautiful.

Cigar type classification: (1) the manual cigar is classified into a pure manual cigar and a semi-manual cigar. The pure handmade cigars are all made by hands in the rolling process. The core of the semi-manual cigar is made by a machine, and the rolling of the coat is completed by hand. The core of a hand cigar is made of whole tobacco leaves.

(2) The mechanism is like cigar. The cigar completely made by the machine is mostly made of tobacco scraps.

Differences between hand-made cigars and machine-made cigars

(1) The distinction is made according to the eggplant hat: the manual cigar has a cigar cap, and the mechanism cigar does not.

(2) The following are distinguished according to the eggplant clothing: the coat of a manual cigar has firmer veins, while a mechanical cigar does not.

(3) The distinction is made according to the eggplant core: the core of the manual cigar is formed by rolling a whole piece of tobacco leaves layer by layer from inside to outside; the cigar core of the mechanical cigar is made by rolling up the tobacco leaves.

The tools used by cigar smokers are mango tree wooden panels, cutting tables, cigarette knives and bottles of plant gum.

Each manually rolled cigar must be stored in a wooden cabinet which can keep the temperature at 16-18 ℃ and the humidity at 65% -75% and takes cedar as the inner and outer surfaces for fermentation for not less than 3 weeks. Removing the peculiar smell of cigars.

Cigar packing box and package

The cigar color selection experts classify cigars with no less than 65 colors or tones, and the experts arrange the cigar color differences in the cigar box from dark to light and from right to left one by one. The color sequence of the cigars can be noticed when the cigar box is opened.

In the process of producing cigars, the production of the cigar cores is an important process for determining the quality of the cigars, and the burning of the cigar cores determines the quality of the cigar products. The whole-leaf-roll manual cigar has gradually become a trend of the development of domestic tobacco products, the whole-leaf-roll manual cigar has more and complicated processes during the manufacturing process, and more quality factors influencing the whole-leaf-roll manual cigar, so that more factors need to be controlled during the processing process of the cigar, and the key technology for processing the cigar is very important. However, the manufacturing process of cigars in China is still in a ragged state, and a mature technical system, a technological process and reasonable technological parameters are not formed.

The published Chinese patent with the application number of CN201510689556.0 discloses a fermentation method of cigar core leaves, which discloses a fermentation method of cigar core leaves, wherein the moisture content of the cigar core leaves which are removed of impurities and are prepared is controlled to be 30 +/-2 percent, and the cigar core leaves are arranged into tobacco leaf bundles with the leaf tips facing to the same direction; piling tobacco bundles to form a rectangular tobacco pile; covering a layer of gunny bag sheet on the surface of the tobacco pile as a breathable heat-insulating layer; inserting a temperature measuring probe into the tobacco leaf stack; when the reactor core temperature measured by any temperature measuring probe reaches the alarm upper limit temperature and the reactor core temperature is reduced, turning the reactor core; after the fermentation is finished, the tobacco leaves are spread and dried in the air to reduce the moisture of the cigar core leaves to 20 +/-2 percent, and then the cigar core leaves are packed and put in storage. The method can obviously improve the appearance, the smoking taste and the quality consistency of the cigar tobacco leaves, reduce the content of harmful ingredients NNK in raw materials and improve the industrial availability of the tobacco leaves.

In the prior art, the fermentation mode of the cigar core is mostly a stacking mode, so that the fermentation uniformity is reduced, the fermentation is not thorough, the bitter taste of the finished cigar is more, and the cigar has impurity gas.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for preparing a bundle-of-leaves type cigar core, which can sufficiently ferment the cigar core by a triple fermentation method, and the cigar core obtained by the fermentation method is processed into cigars, and the cigars have no bitter taste during combustion, less impurity gas, more mellow taste and complete combustion during combustion.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a leaf bundle type cigar core, which comprises the following steps:

(1) according to a production plan and a product leaf group formula, preparing eggplant core tobacco leaves for feeding, placing the stacked tobacco leaves in a hot steam environment, fermenting for 10-20h, and performing primary fermentation at the temperature of 50-55 ℃ and the relative humidity of 50-65%, wherein the hot steam humidification and scattered leaf stacking method of the tobacco leaves can improve the permeability of cells formed by the tobacco leaves, shorten the fermentation time, ensure that the thicker tobacco leaves have uniform quality and color, and improve the aroma amount and aroma quality of the tobacco leaves;

(2) soaking the tobacco leaves processed in the step (1) into fermentation liquor, then airing, putting into a fermentation chamber for secondary fermentation, wherein the time of the secondary fermentation is 50-60h, the fermentation temperature is 61-64 ℃, and the relative humidity is 70-75%, the fermentation liquor comprises 8-9 parts of jujube juice, 10-13 parts of sugar, 16-18 parts of rice wine, 7-9 parts of red rice and 65-83 parts of water, the fermentation liquor comprises 8-9 parts of jujube juice, 10-13 parts of sugar, 16-18 parts of red rice and 65-83 parts of water by weight, medium fermentation is a fermentation mode suitable for cigar cores, the content of nicotine in the tobacco leaves can be reduced, the irritation and the bitterness of cigars are reduced during smoking, meanwhile, the taste of smoke can be improved, the cigars can have plant fragrance of substances in the fermentation liquor during smoking, and the quality of the cigars is improved;

(3) spraying a mixed leavening agent on the tobacco leaves treated in the steps (1) and (2) for carrying out third fermentation, wherein the third fermentation time is 60-90h, the fermentation temperature is 55-60 ℃, the relative humidity is 55-60%, the mixed leavening agent comprises one or more of bacillus, tobacco source bacteria, protease and cellulase, the mixed leavening agent can ensure that the fermentation is carried out more thoroughly, and the added bacillus, tobacco source bacteria, protease and cellulase can reduce total nitrogen, protein and plant alkaloid in the tobacco leaves, so that the aims of improving the strength and the irritation of the smoke are fulfilled, for example, the mixed leavening agent can comprise bacillus, tobacco source bacteria and cellulase;

cigar leaf fermentation is a natural continuation of the brewing process. The fermented cigar tobacco leaves are dark in color, less in green miscellaneous gas, exposed in tobacco fragrance, less in bad sensory effects such as irritation, bitterness and astringency, smooth in taste, remarkably improved in combustibility, improved in ash whiteness, prolonged in smoldering fire-holding time, enhanced in water content stability, enhanced in tobacco leaf elasticity and enhanced in capability of resisting fungal infection. The invention can realize the complete fermentation of the eggplant core through triple fermentation, and reduce nicotine, total nitrogen and protein in tobacco leaves. The stacking mode of the tobacco leaves can enable the stems of the cigar tobacco leaves positioned around the cigar tobacco leaf stack to face outwards and the tips of the cigar tobacco leaves to face inwards, and the tobacco stems are sequentially pressed, so that the stacking mode is favorable for heat preservation in the cigar tobacco leaf fermentation process; the cigar tobacco bundles positioned in the middle of the cigar tobacco pile are downward in head and upward in leaf tip, the cigar tobacco bundles are pressed with the cigar tobacco bundles in sequence, gaps among the cigar tobacco leaves are reduced, and the accumulation mode is favorable for water loss in the cigar tobacco fermentation process.

(4) Then placing the tobacco leaves processed in the step (3) in a refrigeration house at 5 ℃ for refrigeration for 50-55 days for moisture balance;

(5) carrying out vacuum moisture regain on tobacco leaves, wherein the temperature of the tobacco leaves after vacuum moisture regain is 55-70 ℃, the moisture content of the tobacco leaves is increased by 2-4%, grading is carried out, and qualified tobacco leaves are screened out, wherein the gram weight of each leaf of the qualified tobacco leaves is less than 10 g, and the thickness of each leaf of the qualified tobacco leaves is less than 20 um;

(6) then putting the qualified tobacco leaves into an alcoholization chamber for alcoholization for 30-100h, wherein the temperature of the alcoholization chamber is 45-50 ℃, and the relative humidity is 75-80%;

(7) and rolling the qualified alcoholized tobacco leaves to prepare the eggplant core.

The invention can shorten the fermentation time, so that the quality and the color of thicker tobacco leaves are uniform, and the aroma quantity and the aroma quality of the tobacco leaves are improved; the nicotine content in the tobacco leaves can be reduced, so that the irritation and the bitter taste of the cigars are reduced during smoking, the taste of smoke can be improved, the cigars can have the plant fragrance of substances in fermentation liquor during smoking, and the quality of the cigars is improved; the fermentation mixture can make the fermentation more thorough, and the added bacillus, tobacco source bacteria, protease and cellulase can reduce total nitrogen, protein and plant alkaloid in tobacco, thereby realizing the purpose of improving the strength and the irritation of smoke. The cigar core can be fully fermented in a triple fermentation mode, the cigar core obtained in the fermentation mode is processed into the cigar, no bitter taste exists during combustion, less impurity gas exists, the cigar tastes mellow, and the cigar core can be completely combusted during combustion.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments.

Example 1

A method for preparing a leaf bundle cigar core comprises the following steps:

(1) according to a production plan and a product leaf group formula, preparing eggplant core tobacco leaves for feeding, placing the stacked tobacco leaves in a hot steam environment, fermenting for 20 hours, and performing primary fermentation at the temperature of 55 ℃ and the relative humidity of 65%, wherein the hot steam humidification and scattered leaf stacking method of the tobacco leaves can change the permeability of cells formed by the tobacco leaves, shorten the fermentation time, ensure that the quality and the color of thicker tobacco leaves are uniform, and improve the aroma amount and the aroma quality of the tobacco leaves;

(2) soaking the tobacco leaves treated in the step (1) into fermentation liquor, then airing, putting into a fermentation chamber for secondary fermentation, wherein the time of the secondary fermentation is 60 hours, the fermentation temperature is 64 ℃, and the relative humidity is 75%, the fermentation liquor comprises 9 parts of jujube juice, 13 parts of sugar, 18 parts of rice wine, 9 parts of red rice and 65 parts of water by weight, the medium fermentation is a fermentation mode suitable for cigar cores, the content of nicotine in the tobacco leaves can be reduced, the irritation and the bitterness of cigars are reduced during smoking, the taste of smoke can be improved, the cigars can have the plant aroma of substances in the fermentation liquor during smoking, and the quality of the cigars is improved;

(3) spraying a mixed starter to the tobacco leaves treated in the steps (1) and (2) for carrying out third fermentation, wherein the time of the third fermentation is 90 hours, the fermentation temperature is 60 ℃, and the relative humidity is 60%, the mixed starter comprises bacillus, tobacco leaf source bacteria, protease and cellulase, the mixed starter can ensure that the fermentation is carried out more thoroughly, and the added bacillus, tobacco leaf source bacteria, protease and cellulase can reduce total nitrogen, protein and plant alkaloid in the tobacco leaves, so that the aims of improving the strength and the irritation of the smoke are fulfilled;

cigar leaf fermentation is a natural continuation of the brewing process. The fermented cigar tobacco leaves are dark in color, less in green miscellaneous gas, exposed in tobacco fragrance, less in bad sensory effects such as irritation, bitterness and astringency, smooth in taste, remarkably improved in combustibility, improved in ash whiteness, prolonged in smoldering fire-holding time, enhanced in water content stability, enhanced in tobacco leaf elasticity and enhanced in capability of resisting fungal infection. The invention can realize the complete fermentation of the eggplant core through triple fermentation, and reduce nicotine, total nitrogen and protein in tobacco leaves. The stacking mode of the tobacco leaves can enable the stems of the cigar tobacco leaves positioned around the cigar tobacco leaf stack to face outwards and the tips of the cigar tobacco leaves to face inwards, and the tobacco stems are sequentially pressed, so that the stacking mode is favorable for heat preservation in the cigar tobacco leaf fermentation process; the cigar tobacco bundles positioned in the middle of the cigar tobacco pile are downward in head and upward in leaf tip, the cigar tobacco bundles are pressed with the cigar tobacco bundles in sequence, gaps among the cigar tobacco leaves are reduced, and the accumulation mode is favorable for water loss in the cigar tobacco fermentation process.

(4) Then placing the tobacco leaves processed in the step (3) in a refrigeration house at 5 ℃ for refrigeration for 55 days for moisture balance;

(5) carrying out vacuum moisture regain on tobacco leaves, wherein the temperature of the tobacco leaves after vacuum moisture regain is 70 ℃, the moisture content of the tobacco leaves is increased by 4%, then carrying out classification, and screening out qualified tobacco leaves, wherein the gram weight of each leaf of the qualified tobacco leaves is less than 10 g, and the thickness of each leaf of the qualified tobacco leaves is less than 20 um;

(6) then putting the qualified tobacco leaves into an alcoholization chamber for alcoholization for 100h, wherein the temperature of the alcoholization chamber is 50 ℃, and the relative humidity is 80%;

(7) and rolling the qualified alcoholized tobacco leaves to prepare the eggplant core.

Example 2

A method for preparing a leaf bundle cigar core comprises the following steps:

(1) according to a production plan and a product leaf group formula, preparing eggplant core tobacco leaves for feeding, placing the stacked tobacco leaves in a hot steam environment, fermenting for 10 hours, and performing primary fermentation at the temperature of 50 ℃ and the relative humidity of 50%;

(2) soaking the tobacco leaves processed in the step (1) into a fermentation liquor, then airing, putting into a fermentation chamber for secondary fermentation, wherein the time of the secondary fermentation is 50h, the fermentation temperature is 61 ℃, and the relative humidity is 70%, the fermentation liquor comprises jujube juice, sugar, rice wine and red rice, and the fermentation liquor comprises 8 parts of jujube juice, 10 parts of sugar, 16 parts of rice wine, 7 parts of red rice and 83 parts of water in parts by weight;

(3) spraying a mixed starter to the tobacco leaves treated in the steps (1) and (2) for third fermentation, wherein the time of the third fermentation is 60 hours, the fermentation temperature is 55 ℃, the relative humidity is 55%, and the mixed starter can comprise bacillus, tobacco source bacteria and cellulase;

(4) then placing the tobacco leaves treated in the step (3) in a refrigeration house at 5 ℃ for refrigeration for 50 days for water balance;

(5) carrying out vacuum moisture regain on tobacco leaves, wherein the temperature of the tobacco leaves after vacuum moisture regain is 55 ℃, the moisture content of the tobacco leaves is increased by 2%, then carrying out classification, and screening out qualified tobacco leaves, wherein the gram weight of each leaf of the qualified tobacco leaves is less than 10 g, and the thickness of each leaf of the qualified tobacco leaves is less than 20 um;

(6) then putting the qualified tobacco leaves into an alcoholization chamber for alcoholization for 30h, wherein the temperature of the alcoholization chamber is 45 ℃ and the relative humidity is 75%;

(7) and rolling the qualified alcoholized tobacco leaves to prepare the eggplant core.

Example 3

A method for preparing a leaf bundle cigar core comprises the following steps:

(1) according to a production plan and a product leaf group formula, preparing eggplant core tobacco leaves for feeding, placing the stacked tobacco leaves in a hot steam environment, fermenting for 15 hours, and performing primary fermentation at the temperature of 53 ℃ and the relative humidity of 60%;

(2) soaking the tobacco leaves processed in the step (1) into a fermentation liquor, then airing, putting into a fermentation chamber for secondary fermentation, wherein the time of the secondary fermentation is 55 hours, the fermentation temperature is 63 ℃, and the relative humidity is 72%, the fermentation liquor comprises jujube juice, sugar, rice wine and red rice, and the fermentation liquor comprises 8.5 parts of jujube juice, 12 parts of sugar, 17 parts of rice wine, 8 parts of red rice and 70 parts of water in parts by weight;

(3) spraying a mixed starter to the tobacco leaves treated in the steps (1) and (2) for third fermentation, wherein the time of the third fermentation is 80 hours, the fermentation temperature is 58 ℃, the relative humidity is 58%, and the mixed starter comprises bacillus, tobacco leaf source bacteria and protease;

(4) then putting the tobacco leaves processed in the step (3) in a refrigeration house at 5 ℃ for refrigeration for 53 days for moisture balance;

(5) carrying out vacuum moisture regain on tobacco leaves, wherein the temperature of the tobacco leaves after vacuum moisture regain is 65 ℃, the moisture content of the tobacco leaves is increased by 3%, then carrying out classification, and screening out qualified tobacco leaves, wherein the gram weight of each leaf of the qualified tobacco leaves is less than 10 g, and the thickness of each leaf of the qualified tobacco leaves is less than 20 um;

(6) then putting the qualified tobacco leaves into an alcoholization chamber for alcoholization for 70h, wherein the temperature of the alcoholization chamber is 48 ℃, and the relative humidity is 79%;

(7) and rolling the qualified alcoholized tobacco leaves to prepare the eggplant core.

Comparative example

Referring to the operation of the examples in patent application No. CN201510689556.0, eggplant cores were produced as comparative examples.

The cores obtained in examples 1 to 3 and comparative example were taken and added with the coat sheath in the same manner to prepare cigars for cigar evaluation, which was as follows:

the results of the sample panel are as follows:

the cigar produced by the cigar core prepared by the invention has little offensive odor, little irritation and even combustion.

The invention can shorten the fermentation time, so that the quality and the color of thicker tobacco leaves are uniform, and the aroma quantity and the aroma quality of the tobacco leaves are improved; the nicotine content in the tobacco leaves can be reduced, so that the irritation and the bitter taste of the cigars are reduced during smoking, the taste of smoke can be improved, the cigars can have the plant fragrance of substances in fermentation liquor during smoking, and the quality of the cigars is improved; the fermentation mixture can make the fermentation more thorough, and the added bacillus, tobacco source bacteria, protease and cellulase can reduce total nitrogen, protein and plant alkaloid in tobacco, thereby realizing the purpose of improving the strength and the irritation of smoke. The cigar core can be fully fermented in a triple fermentation mode, the cigar core obtained in the fermentation mode is processed into the cigar, no bitter taste exists during combustion, less impurity gas exists, the cigar tastes mellow, and the cigar core can be completely combusted during combustion.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described specific embodiments, and various modifications and variations are possible. Any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made to the above embodiments in accordance with the technical spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.