阅读说明：本技术 一种毛茶渥堆方法 (Mao tea pile fermentation method ) 是由 胡歆 梁艳 陈桂梅 苟龙波 纪晓明 周兴长 于 2020-05-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种茶叶渥堆的加工方法,属于茶叶加工技术领域,其特征在于,毛茶经回潮、分装、紧压后,再进行渥堆。本发明通过小单元、多模块、紧压式并辅助保温措施的渥堆方式不仅可加速多酚类化合物的氧化,还可实现茶叶渥堆的品质均匀化、标准化、操作清洁化、且渥堆装置简便,易于工业化应用。(The invention discloses a processing method for tea pile fermentation, belongs to the technical field of tea processing, and is characterized in that pile fermentation is carried out on crude tea after moisture regain, split charging and pressing. According to the tea pile fermentation method, the oxidation of polyphenol compounds can be accelerated by a pile fermentation mode of small units, multiple modules, a pressing type and an auxiliary heat preservation measure, the tea pile fermentation quality can be uniform, standardized and clean in operation, a pile fermentation device is simple and convenient, and the tea pile fermentation method is easy to industrially apply.)

1. A pile fermentation method for raw tea is characterized in that pile fermentation is carried out on the raw tea after moisture regaining, split charging and pressing.

2. The raw tea pile fermentation method according to claim 1, characterized in that the moisture regain is realized by steaming the raw tea to soften or moisturizing and softening the raw tea, so that the water content of the tea leaves reaches 12% -30%.

3. A tea pile fermentation method according to claims 1 and 2 wherein the water-replenishing re-softening is of water for food processing or a solution using water for food processing as a medium.

4. The raw tea pile fermentation method according to claim 1, wherein the sub-packaging is to sub-package the moisture-regained raw tea into food-grade materials and seal the containers.

5. The raw tea pile fermentation method according to claims 1 and 4, characterized in that the weight of the raw tea packaged in the container is less than or equal to 100 kg.

6. The raw tea pile fermentation method of claim 1 wherein the compaction is to control the volume of the compressed raw tea to 50-96% of the original volume.

7. The raw tea pile fermentation method according to claim 1, characterized in that the pile fermentation is carried out by storing the compacted raw tea at room temperature or keeping the temperature, and the temperature of the raw tea in the subpackaging container is controlled to be 40-98 ℃.

8. The raw tea pile fermentation method according to claim 7, wherein the heat preservation storage means that the temperature of the tea leaves in the container is not lower than 40 ℃ through heat preservation of the container or control of the ambient temperature outside the container.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of tea processing, in particular to a processing method for tea pile fermentation.

Background

Pile fermentation is a key process for forming the quality of the dark tea, and after pile fermentation, substances contained in the tea undergo a series of complex chemical reactions such as oxidative polymerization and the like under the action of moist heat and microorganisms, so that the unique color, aroma and taste of the dark tea are formed.

The traditional pile fermentation technology generally adopts indoor natural stacking, because the pile body is large, the interior and the bottom of tea are stressed by the pile body, the internal environment has good heat preservation and moisture preservation effects, a good microenvironment is provided for the conversion of substances contained in the tea, but the conversion of the tea in a relatively stable environment cannot be ensured due to condition limitation in mass production, so that the pile fermentation quality of the same batch of products has great difference, and meanwhile, the clean operation is hardly ensured in the open pile fermentation environment. Although the reported technologies (such as fermentation tank, fermentation box, fermentation bed, stirrer, leveling device and natural spreading) for controlling pile fermentation by mechanical devices solve the problems of quality uniformity, clean operation and the like, the pile fermentation equipment has complex structure, high cost, single-machine operation, limited capacity, high breakage rate and poor practicability, and is difficult to realize large-batch, multi-module and continuous operation in actual production.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems, the invention finds out the better condition of tea pile fermentation by measuring the quality of tea in the traditional pile fermentation pile and researching the reason influencing the difference of the internal and external qualities of the pile fermentation pile. Through small units, multiple modules, a pressing type and auxiliary heat preservation measures, the tea pile body is in a controllable appropriate condition, the pile fermentation is carried out after the moisture regaining, the split charging and the pressing of the raw tea, the quality homogenization and the standardization of the tea pile fermentation are realized, the operation is clean, and the production scale is realized. In order to achieve the technical effects, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a raw tea pile fermentation method comprises the following steps:

(1) moisture regaining: steaming the raw tea to soften or supplementing water to soften the tea so that the water content of the tea reaches 12 to 30 percent;

further, the steaming is performed by using steam with normal pressure or certain pressure, preferably the steam pressure is 0.05MPa-0.2MPa, and the steaming time is set according to the weight of the tea leaves, preferably 20s-80 s; the water supplement is to add water meeting the GB 5749 specification or a solution taking water for food processing as a medium into tea aiming at improving the water content of the tea;

further, the solution using the food processing water as a medium is a tea solution, a non-tea herbal solution, a microbial preparation solution, an inorganic salt solution, a solution containing an organic compound and the like;

(2) subpackaging: filling the moisturized primary tea into containers made of food-grade materials, and subpackaging the containers with the primary tea with the weight less than or equal to 100 kg;

(3) and (3) compacting: compressing the volume of the raw tea filled into the container, wherein the compressed volume is controlled to be 50-96% of the original volume;

(4) pile fermentation: storing the container filled with the compressed raw tea at room temperature or keeping the temperature, and controlling the temperature of the raw tea in the container to be 40-98 ℃;

the heat preservation storage means that the temperature of the tea in the container is not lower than 40 ℃ through heat preservation of the container or control of the ambient temperature outside the container, and the heat preservation is carried out continuously for a proper time.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the pile fermentation mode which adopts small units, multiple modules, a pressing mode and an auxiliary heat preservation measure can not only accelerate the oxidation of polyphenol compounds, but also realize the homogenization, standardization and clean operation of the quality of tea pile fermentation, and the pile fermentation device is simple and convenient and is easy for industrial application.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described with reference to specific examples, without limiting the scope of protection and the scope of application of the invention.

Example 1

A raw tea pile fermentation method comprises the following steps:

(1) moisture regaining: putting 15 kg of raw tea into a tea steaming container, wherein the steam pressure is 0.1MPa, and the steaming time is 60 s;

(3) subpackaging: filling the steamed raw tea into a wooden container, and subpackaging by weight 75 kg;

(4) and (3) compacting: compressing the volume of the raw tea in the container to 85% of the original volume, and sealing;

(5) pile fermentation: and (3) performing heat preservation treatment on the outer surface of the container filled with the compressed crude tea, and keeping the temperature of the tea in the container to be not lower than 80 ℃ for 4 hours.

Example 2

A raw tea pile fermentation method comprises the following steps:

(1) moisture regaining: putting 5kg of raw tea into a tea steaming container, wherein the steam pressure is 0.05MPa, and the steaming time is 20 s;

(3) subpackaging: filling the steamed raw tea into a wooden container, and subpackaging 80 kg;

(4) and (3) compacting: compressing the volume of the raw tea in the container to 65% of the original volume, and sealing;

(5) pile fermentation: and (3) performing heat preservation treatment on the outer surface of the container filled with the compressed crude tea, and keeping the temperature of the tea in the container to be not lower than 80 ℃ for 3 hours.

Example 3

A raw tea pile fermentation method comprises the following steps:

(1) moisture regaining: 10kg of raw tea is placed in a tea steaming container, the steam pressure is 0.15MPa, and the steaming time is 40 s;

(3) subpackaging: filling the steamed raw tea into a container made of polypropylene, and subpackaging the container with the weight of 100 kg;

(4) and (3) compacting: compressing the volume of the raw tea in the container to 50% of the original volume, and sealing;

(5) pile fermentation: and (3) performing heat preservation treatment on the outer surface of the container filled with the compressed crude tea, and keeping the temperature of the tea in the container to be not lower than 80 ℃ for 2 hours.

Example 4

A raw tea pile fermentation method comprises the following steps:

(1) moisture regaining: putting 20kg of raw tea into a tea steaming container, wherein the steam pressure is 0.2MPa, and the steaming time is 80 s;

(3) subpackaging: filling the steamed raw tea into a stainless steel container, and subpackaging 100 kg;

(4) and (3) compacting: compressing the volume of the raw tea in the container to 55% of the original volume, and sealing;

(5) pile fermentation: and (3) performing heat preservation treatment on the outer surface of the container filled with the compressed crude tea, controlling the temperature of the tea in the container to be not lower than 50 ℃, and lasting for 16 hours.

Example 5

A raw tea pile fermentation method comprises the following steps:

(1) moisture regaining: putting 15 kg of raw tea into a tea steaming container, wherein the steam pressure is 0.15MPa, and the steaming time is 60 s;

(3) subpackaging: filling the steamed raw tea into a stainless steel container, and subpackaging by weight 90 kg;

(4) and (3) compacting: compressing the volume of the raw tea filled into the container to 55 percent of the original volume;

(5) pile fermentation: and (3) performing heat preservation treatment on the outer surface of the container filled with the compressed raw tea, and keeping the temperature of the tea in the container to be not lower than 45 ℃ for 20 hours.

Example 6

A raw tea pile fermentation method comprises the following steps:

(1) moisture regaining: putting 20kg of raw tea into a tea steaming container, wherein the steam pressure is 0.2MPa, and the steaming time is 80 s;

(3) subpackaging: filling the steamed raw tea into a stainless steel container, and subpackaging 100 kg;

(4) and (3) compacting: compressing the volume of the raw tea in the container to 96% of the original volume, and sealing;

(5) pile fermentation: and (3) performing heat preservation treatment on the outer surface of the container filled with the compressed raw tea, storing the container at the high temperature of 100 ℃, and keeping the temperature of the tea in the container at 95-98 ℃ for 1 hour.

Example 7

A raw tea pile fermentation method comprises the following steps:

(1) moisture regaining: 2 kilograms of raw tea is placed in a tea steaming container, the steam pressure is 0.05MPa, and the steaming time is 20 seconds;

(3) subpackaging: filling the steamed raw tea into a container made of polypropylene, and subpackaging by weight 60 kg;

(4) and (3) compacting: compressing the volume of the raw tea in the container to 65% of the original volume, and sealing;

(5) pile fermentation: and (3) performing heat preservation treatment on the outer surface of the container filled with the compressed crude tea, and keeping the temperature of the tea in the container to be not lower than 60 ℃ for 10 hours.

Example 8

A raw tea pile fermentation method comprises the following steps:

(1) moisture regaining: putting 20kg of raw tea into a tea steaming container, wherein the steam pressure is 0.05MPa, and the steaming time is 80 s;

(3) subpackaging: filling the steamed raw tea into a container made of polypropylene, and subpackaging by weight 40 kg;

(4) and (3) compacting: compressing the volume of the raw tea in the container to 75% of the original volume, and sealing the container;

(5) pile fermentation: and (3) performing heat preservation treatment on the outer surface of the container filled with the compressed crude tea, and keeping the temperature of the tea in the container to be not lower than 70 ℃ for 6 hours.

Example 9

A raw tea pile fermentation method comprises the following steps:

(1) moisture regaining: putting 6 kg of raw tea in a tea steaming container, wherein the steam pressure is 0.08MPa, and the steaming time is 45 s;

(3) subpackaging: filling the steamed raw tea into a container made of polypropylene, and subpackaging by weight 42 kg;

(4) and (3) compacting: compressing the volume of the raw tea in the container to 90% of the original volume, and sealing;

(5) pile fermentation: storing the container with the compressed crude tea at room temperature, wherein the temperature of the tea in the container is not lower than 40 ℃, and the duration time is 20 hours.

Example 10

A raw tea pile fermentation method comprises the following steps:

(1) moisture regaining: putting 5kg of raw tea into a tea steaming container, and steaming for 80s at normal pressure;

(3) subpackaging: filling the steamed raw tea into a container made of composite materials, and subpackaging the container with the weight of 20 kg;

(4) and (3) compacting: compressing the volume of the raw tea in the container to 80% of the original volume, and sealing;

(5) pile fermentation: storing the container with the compressed crude tea at room temperature, keeping the temperature in the container not lower than 45 deg.C, and maintaining for 10 hr.

Example 11

A raw tea pile fermentation method comprises the following steps:

(1) moisture regaining: putting 5kg of raw tea into a tea steaming container, and steaming for 80s at normal pressure;

(3) subpackaging: filling the steamed raw tea into a cloth bag, and subpackaging by weight 10 kg;

(4) and (3) compacting: compressing the volume of the raw tea filled into the cloth bag to 80% of the original volume, and sealing;

(5) pile fermentation: storing the cloth bag containing the compressed crude tea in a drying room with controllable temperature, keeping the temperature in the cloth bag not lower than 50 deg.C, and maintaining for 8 hr.

Example 12

A raw tea pile fermentation method comprises the following steps:

(1) moisture regaining: putting 10kg of raw tea into a tea steaming container, and steaming for 80s at normal pressure;

(3) subpackaging: filling the steamed raw tea into a cloth bag, and subpackaging by weight 20 kg;

(4) and (3) compacting: compressing the volume of the raw tea filled into the cloth bag to 75% of the original volume, and sealing;

(5) pile fermentation: storing the cloth bag containing the compressed crude tea at room temperature, keeping the temperature in the cloth bag not lower than 40 deg.C, and piling for 10 hr.

Example 13

A raw tea pile fermentation method comprises the following steps:

(1) moisture regaining: adding 1.82 kg of food processing water into 80kg of raw tea with the initial water content of 10%, and uniformly stirring to ensure that the water content of the tea reaches 12%;

(3) subpackaging: putting the moisturized raw tea into a wooden container;

(4) and (3) compacting: compressing the volume of the raw tea filled into the container to 75 percent of the original volume;

(5) pile fermentation: placing the container at room temperature, naturally heating the tea leaves in the container to 40 deg.C, placing the container in a temperature-controllable environment, keeping the tea leaves in the container at a temperature not lower than 40 deg.C, and performing pile fermentation for 30 days.

Example 14

A raw tea pile fermentation method comprises the following steps:

(1) moisture regaining: adding 15.7 kilograms of tea solution into 50 kilograms of raw tea with initial water content of 8 percent to enable the water content of the tea to reach 30 percent;

(3) subpackaging: putting the moisturized raw tea into a stainless steel container;

(4) and (3) compacting: compressing the volume of the raw tea in the container to 60% of the original volume, and sealing;

(5) pile fermentation: and (3) placing the container at room temperature, after the temperature of the tea in the container naturally rises to 40 ℃, carrying out heat preservation treatment on the container, keeping the temperature of the tea in the container not lower than 40 ℃, and keeping the pile fermentation duration for 15 days.

Example 15

A raw tea pile fermentation method comprises the following steps:

(1) moisture regaining: adding 1.82 kg of seabuckthorn leaf solution into 80kg of raw tea with the initial water content of 10%, and uniformly stirring to ensure that the water content of the tea reaches 12%;

(3) subpackaging: putting the moisturized raw tea into a wooden container;

(4) and (3) compacting: compressing the volume of the raw tea filled into the container to 75 percent of the original volume;

(5) pile fermentation: placing the container at room temperature, naturally heating the tea leaves in the container to 40 deg.C, placing the container in a temperature-controllable environment, keeping the tea leaves in the container at a temperature not lower than 40 deg.C, and performing pile fermentation for 30 days.

Example 16

A raw tea pile fermentation method comprises the following steps:

(1) moisture regaining: adding 7.5 kilograms of lactobacillus rhamnosus solution into 50 kilograms of raw tea with initial water content of 8 percent to enable the water content of the tea to reach 20 percent;

(3) subpackaging: putting the moisturized raw tea into a stainless steel container;

(4) and (3) compacting: compressing the volume of the raw tea in the container to 60% of the original volume, and sealing;

(5) pile fermentation: and (3) placing the container at room temperature, after the temperature of the tea in the container naturally rises to 40 ℃, carrying out heat preservation treatment on the container, keeping the temperature of the tea in the container not lower than 40 ℃, and keeping the pile fermentation duration for 15 days.

Example 17

A raw tea pile fermentation method comprises the following steps:

(1) moisture regaining: adding 15.8 kilograms of selenium solution into 60 kilograms of raw tea with initial water content of 9 percent to enable the water content of the tea to reach 28 percent;

(3) subpackaging: filling all the remoistened raw tea into a polypropylene container;

(4) and (3) compacting: compressing the volume of the raw tea in the container to 60% of the original volume, and sealing;

(5) pile fermentation: and (3) performing heat preservation treatment on the outer surface of the container filled with the compressed crude tea, and keeping the temperature of the tea in the container to be not lower than 60 ℃ for 8 hours.