阅读说明：本技术 Pdms复合纳米纤维薄膜及摩擦纳米发电机的制备方法 (Preparation method of PDMS composite nanofiber membrane and friction nano-generator ) 是由 汪桂根 张肖楠 孙娜 于 2021-08-18 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种PDMS复合纳米纤维薄膜及摩擦纳米发电机的制备方法,所述PDMS复合纳米纤维薄膜的制备方法包括如下步骤：配置PDMS前聚体溶液和聚偏二氟乙烯溶液,将上述两种溶液混合后,加入PDMS交联剂,搅拌均匀,除去溶液内部气泡,得到静电纺丝前驱体溶液；然后进行静电纺丝,得到静电纺丝PDMS复合纳米纤维膜；将静电纺丝PDMS复合纳米纤维膜置于50～80℃以进行交联固化；随后将纤维膜与接收基底剥离,从而获得PDMS复合纳米纤维膜。采用本发明的技术方案,通过静电纺丝制备得到PDMS复合纳米纤维膜,该纤维膜应用于单电极TENG中,具有自驱动传感的作用,且输出性能高,同时具有优异的防水与透气能力。(The invention provides a preparation method of a PDMS composite nanofiber membrane and a friction nano generator, wherein the preparation method of the PDMS composite nanofiber membrane comprises the following steps: preparing a PDMS precursor solution and a polyvinylidene fluoride solution, mixing the two solutions, adding a PDMS crosslinking agent, uniformly stirring, and removing bubbles in the solution to obtain an electrostatic spinning precursor solution; then carrying out electrostatic spinning to obtain an electrostatic spinning PDMS composite nanofiber membrane; placing the electrostatic spinning PDMS composite nanofiber membrane at 50-80 ℃ for crosslinking and curing; the fiber membrane was then peeled off from the receiving substrate, thereby obtaining a PDMS composite nanofiber membrane. By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the PDMS composite nanofiber membrane is prepared by electrostatic spinning, and the fiber membrane is applied to single electrode TENG, has the self-driven sensing function, high output performance and excellent waterproof and air permeability.)

1. A preparation method of a PDMS composite nanofiber film is characterized by comprising the following steps: which comprises the following steps:

step S1, preparing a PDMS precursor solution and a polyvinylidene fluoride solution, mixing the two solutions, adding a PDMS cross-linking agent, uniformly stirring, and removing bubbles in the solution to obtain an electrostatic spinning precursor solution;

step S2, performing electrostatic spinning on the electrostatic spinning precursor solution to obtain an electrostatic spinning PDMS composite nanofiber membrane;

step S3, placing the electrostatic spinning PDMS composite nanofiber membrane obtained in the step S2 at 50-80 ℃ for further crosslinking and curing; the fiber membrane was then peeled off from the receiving substrate, thereby obtaining a PDMS composite nanofiber membrane.

2. The method of preparing a PDMS composite nanofiber film according to claim 1, wherein: step S

In the electrostatic spinning precursor solution, the mass concentration of a PDMS precursor solution is 30-50%, the mass concentration of a PVDF solution is 10-15%, and the mass ratio of PDMS to PVDF is 1: 3-2: 1.

3. The method of preparing a PDMS composite nanofiber film according to claim 2, wherein: in step S1, the solvent in the PDMS prepolymer solution is ethyl acetate; the solvent of the PVDF solution is dimethylformamide, and the molecular weight of the PVDF is 500, 000-1, 000, 000; the addition amount of the PDMS crosslinking agent is 10 percent of the mass of the PDMS precursor.

4. The method of preparing a PDMS composite nanofiber membrane as claimed in claim 3, wherein: in step S1, removing bubbles in the solution by centrifugation at a rotation speed of 500-; stirring is carried out at 30-60 ℃.

5. The method for preparing a PDMS composite nanofiber membrane as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: in the step S2, an injector is used for extracting the electrostatic spinning precursor solution, the needle of the injector is connected with the anode of static high voltage, and the receiving substrate is connected with the cathode; and (3) adjusting the electrospinning voltage and the injection speed of the injector until a stable Taylor cone is formed at the front end of the injector so as to synthesize the fiber membrane.

6. The method of preparing the PDMS composite nanofiber membrane of claim 5, wherein: the electrospinning voltage is 6-16 kV, and the injection speed of the injector is 0.06-0.08 mm/min; the receiving substrate is aluminum foil or release paper.

7. The method of preparing the PDMS composite nanofiber membrane of claim 5, wherein: in step S3, the high temperature promotes further crosslinking and curing for 3-6 h.

8. A PDMS composite nanofiber membrane is characterized in that: the PDMS composite nanofiber membrane is prepared by the method for preparing the PDMS composite nanofiber membrane as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. A preparation method of a friction nanometer generator is characterized by comprising the following steps: it includes: attaching the PDMS composite nanofiber membrane of claim 8 to a conductive fiber to obtain a single-electrode triboelectric nanogenerator.

10. The method of manufacturing a triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 9, wherein: the conductive fiber is a copper-nickel alloy mesh.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of friction nano power generation, in particular to a fiber film with high friction electric performance and a preparation method of a friction nano power generator thereof.

Background

The trend of portability and miniaturization of wearable devices has brought higher demands on the way in which power is supplied since the 21 st century. The fiber-based friction nano-generator is widely researched due to the advantages of flexibility, ventilation, comfort in wearing, capability of realizing self-driven sensing and the like. The electrostatic spinning is a common method for preparing the fiber film for TENG at present due to the advantages of simple mode and low cost. Organic polymer solution is commonly used as precursor solution for electrostatic spinning, such as PVDF, PVA and other materials. As a material with excellent Triboelectric performance, PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) is often used as a material of a friction layer of a TENG (Triboelectric nano generator) due to its flexibility, good biocompatibility, and the like. However, the molecular weight of the precursor is small, and high temperature is required to promote the crosslinking curing reaction, so that the preparation of the PDMS nanofiber membrane by an electrostatic spinning method is difficult at present.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the technical problems, the invention discloses a fiber film with high frictional electric property and a preparation method of a friction nano generator thereof.

In contrast, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a preparation method of a PDMS composite nanofiber film comprises the following steps:

step S1, preparing a PDMS precursor solution and a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) solution, mixing the two solutions, adding a PDMS cross-linking agent, uniformly stirring, and removing bubbles in the solution to obtain an electrostatic spinning precursor solution;

step S2, electrostatic spinning process: performing electrostatic spinning on the electrostatic spinning precursor solution to obtain an electrostatic spinning PDMS composite nanofiber membrane;

step S3, fiber membrane post-treatment: placing the electrostatic spinning PDMS composite nanofiber membrane obtained in the step S2 at 50-80 ℃ for further crosslinking and curing; the fiber membrane was then peeled off from the receiving substrate, thereby obtaining a PDMS composite nanofiber membrane.

By adopting the technical scheme, the electrostatic spinning precursor solution contains PDMS and PVDF, wherein PDMS is beneficial to realizing the fiberization of PDMS by means of PVDF easy-to-spin fiber precursors with larger electronegativity, and the obtained film nanofibers are firmly connected with each other and have good durability; excellent frictional electrical property, and output power per unit area of 0.46W/m²And has excellent waterproof and air permeability.

In step S1, ethyl acetate is used as a solvent to prepare a PDMS prepolymer solution with a mass fraction of 30% to 50%.

As a further improvement of the invention, in step S1, a PVDF solution with a mass fraction of 10% -15% is prepared by using Dimethylformamide (DMF) as a solvent.

In a further improvement of the present invention, in step S1, the molecular weight of PVDF in the polyvinylidene fluoride solution is 500,000-1,000,000.

As a further improvement of the invention, the amount of the PDMS crosslinking agent added is 10% of the mass of the PDMS precursor.

As a further improvement of the invention, the PDMS crosslinking agent is PDMS B glue. Further preferably, the PDMS crosslinker is of the type Dow Corning 184. In a further improvement of the present invention, in step S1, the mass ratio of PDMS to PVDF in the electrospinning precursor solution is 1:3 to 2: 1. Furthermore, in the electrostatic spinning precursor solution, the mass ratio of PDMS to PVDF is 1 (1-3). Further preferably, in the electrospinning precursor solution, the mass ratio of PDMS to PVDF is 1: 1.

As a further improvement of the invention, in step S1, stirring is carried out at 30-60 ℃; and removing bubbles in the solution by centrifugation at a rotation speed of 500-1500 r/min for 3-5 min. By adopting the technical scheme, the solution can be better ensured to be clear and transparent.

As a further improvement of the invention, in step S2, an injector is used to extract the electrospinning precursor solution, and the injector needle is connected to the positive electrode of static high voltage, and the receiving substrate is connected to the negative electrode; and (3) adjusting the electrospinning voltage and the injection speed of the injector until a stable Taylor cone is formed at the front end of the injector so as to synthesize the fiber membrane.

As a further improvement of the invention, the electrospinning voltage is 6-16 kV, and the injection speed of the injector is 0.06-0.08 mm/min.

As a further development of the invention, the receiving substrate is an aluminum foil or a release paper.

As a further improvement of the invention, in step S3, the time for crosslinking and curing is 3-6 h.

The invention also discloses a PDMS composite nanofiber membrane which is prepared by adopting the preparation method of the PDMS composite nanofiber membrane.

The invention also discloses a preparation method of the friction nano generator, which comprises the following steps: and attaching the PDMS composite nanofiber film to conductive fibers to obtain the single-electrode friction nano generator.

As a further improvement of the invention, the conductive fibers are copper-nickel alloy mesh.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

firstly, as PDMS is difficult to be subjected to nano-fibrosis, the technical scheme of the invention adopts the technical scheme that a PDMS precursor solution and a polyvinylidene fluoride solution are mixed to prepare an electrostatic spinning precursor solution, and a PDMS composite nanofiber membrane is successfully prepared through electrostatic spinning.

Secondly, by adopting the technical scheme of the invention, because the PDMS is crosslinked and cured after the nano-fibers are formed, the nano-fibers are tightly combined, and stable physical crosslinking points are formed. In the application process of the wearable self-driven sensor, the fibers are not easy to fall off from each other, and the triboelectric performance of the wearable self-driven sensor is still kept unchanged after the wearable self-driven sensor is subjected to multiple pressing cycles, so that a new idea is provided for the application of the wearable self-driven sensor.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is an EDS diagram of a PDMS composite nanofiber membrane prepared in an example of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is an XRD pattern of the PDMS composite nanofiber membrane prepared in the example of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram of an electrode TENG of the PDMS composite nanofiber membrane prepared in the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a graph of the open circuit voltage of PDMS composite nanofiber membranes TENG prepared according to different mass ratios of PDMS and PVDF in the example of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a graph of the output power of the PDMS composite nanofiber membrane TENG prepared according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a diagram of the result of testing PDMS composite nanofiber membrane TENG as a self-driven sensor prepared in the embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is the electrical signal of friction for detecting the swing of the large arm; (b) to detect a triboelectric signal of elbow flexion.

Detailed Description

Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below.

Example 1

(1) Preparing an electrostatic spinning precursor solution: 1.5 g of PVDF powder having a molecular weight of 53.4 ten thousand was weighed out and dissolved in 8.5 g of DMF, and stirred at 40 ℃ for 4 hours. 1.5 g of PDMS precursor is weighed to prepare a PDMS/ethyl acetate solution with the mass fraction of 30%, and the solution is stirred for 1h at the temperature of 40 ℃. After mixing the two solutions, 0.15 g of PDMS crosslinker was added and stirring was continued at 40 ℃ for 3 h. After stirring, the mixture is placed in a centrifuge, and the rotating speed is adjusted to 1000 r/min for 3 min so as to remove micro bubbles in the solution. Wherein the PDMS cross-linking agent is PDMS B glue, and more preferably, the PDMS cross-linking agent is Dow Corning 184.

(2) Electrostatic spinning: and (3) extracting a proper amount of the precursor solution by using a 5.0 ml syringe, connecting a syringe needle with a static high-pressure anode, and connecting a receiving substrate with a cathode. The electrospinning voltage is adjusted to be 6 kV, and the injection speed of the injector is 0.06 mm/min. The larger diameter of the "taylor cone" in this electrospinning process results in a lower substrate receiving efficiency.

(3) And (3) post-treatment: and (3) placing the electrostatic spinning PDMS composite nanofiber membrane obtained in the step (2) in an oven at 50 ℃ for 6 hours to realize full crosslinking and curing. And peeling the fiber membrane from the receiving substrate to obtain the PDMS composite nanofiber membrane. The EDS pattern of the resulting PDMS composite nanofiber membrane is shown in fig. 1, and the XRD pattern is shown in fig. 2.

The PDMS composite nanofiber membrane prepared by the method is attached to conductive fibers, so that a PDMS composite nanofiber membrane-based single electrode TENG is prepared, and the actual figure is shown in FIG. 3. Through the test, the output power graph of the PDMS composite nanofiber membrane-based single electrode TENG is shown in fig. 5.

In addition, other PDMS composite nanofiber membrane TENG with different mass ratios of PDMS and PVDF are prepared, including that the mass ratios of PVDF to PDMS are 3:1, 2:1, and 1:2, and further including a composite nanofiber membrane TENG prepared by separately using PVDF without adding PDMS, and the open circuit voltage graph of the nanofiber membrane base single electrode TENG of the above embodiment is shown in fig. 4, it can be seen that the output voltage of the PDMS composite nanofiber membrane base single electrode TENG of the present embodiment is about 160V (in the present embodiment, the mass ratio of PVDF to PDMS is 1: 1), and the performance is optimal; the mass ratio of PVDF to PDMS is 3:1, 2:1 and 1:2, and the output voltage reaches over 100V.

Example 2

A PDMS composite nanofiber membrane is prepared by the following steps:

(1) preparing an electrostatic spinning precursor solution: 1.3 g of PVDF powder having a molecular weight of 100 ten thousand was weighed out and dissolved in 8.7g of DMF, and stirred at 40 ℃ for 4 hours. 1.3 g of PDMS prepolymer is weighed to prepare a PDMS/ethyl acetate solution with the mass fraction of 30%, and the solution is stirred for 1h at the temperature of 40 ℃. After mixing the two solutions, 0.13 g of PDMS crosslinker was added and stirring was continued at 40 ℃ for 3 h. After stirring, the mixture is placed in a centrifuge, and the rotating speed is adjusted to 1000 r/min for 3 min so as to remove micro bubbles in the solution. Wherein the PDMS cross-linking agent is PDMS B glue, and more preferably, the PDMS cross-linking agent is Dow Corning 184.

(2) Electrostatic spinning: and (3) extracting a proper amount of the precursor solution by using a 5.0 ml syringe, connecting a syringe needle with a static high-pressure anode, and connecting a receiving substrate with a cathode. The electrospinning voltage is adjusted to be 16 kV, and the injection speed of the injector is 0.06 mm/min. The PDMS in the prepared film forms a good nanofiber shape.

(3) And (3) post-treatment: and (3) placing the electrostatic spinning PDMS composite nanofiber membrane obtained in the step (2) in an oven at 80 ℃ for 3 h to realize full crosslinking and curing. And peeling the fiber membrane from the receiving substrate to obtain the PDMS composite nanofiber membrane.

And attaching the prepared PDMS composite nanofiber membrane to conductive fibers to prepare the PDMS composite nanofiber membrane-based single electrode TENG. In this case, TENG open-circuit voltage can reach 160V, and output power per unit area can reach 0.46W/m². The limb movement can be detected by attaching the PDMS composite nanofiber membrane-based single electrode TENG to a body part, and the results are shown in fig. 6.

Comparative example 1

(1) Preparing an electrostatic spinning precursor solution: 1.3 g of PVDF powder having a molecular weight of 53.4 ten thousand was weighed out and dissolved in 8.7g of DMF, and stirred at 40 ℃ for 4 hours. 1.3 g of PDMS prepolymer is weighed to prepare a PDMS/ethyl acetate solution with the mass fraction of 30%, and the solution is stirred for 1h at the temperature of 40 ℃. After mixing the two solutions, 0.13 g of PDMS crosslinker was added and stirring was continued at 40 ℃ for 3 h. After stirring, the mixture is placed in a centrifuge, and the rotating speed is adjusted to 1000 r/min for 3 min so as to remove micro bubbles in the solution. Wherein, the PDMS cross-linking agent is the same as that used in example 1.

(2) Electrostatic spinning: and (3) extracting a proper amount of the precursor solution by using a 5.0 ml syringe, connecting a syringe needle with a static high-pressure anode, and connecting a receiving substrate with a cathode. The electrospinning voltage is adjusted to be 16 kV, and the injection speed of the injector is 0.06 mm/min. The surface of the nano-fiber in the prepared film is rough and the diameter of the fiber is uneven.

Comparative example 2

(1) Preparing an electrostatic spinning precursor solution: 1.3 g of PVDF powder having a molecular weight of 100 ten thousand was weighed out and dissolved in 8.7g of DMF, and stirred at 40 ℃ for 4 hours. 2.6 g of PDMS precursor is weighed to prepare a PDMS/ethyl acetate solution with the mass fraction of 30%, and the solution is stirred for 1h at the temperature of 40 ℃. After mixing the two solutions, 0.26 g of PDMS crosslinker was added and stirring was continued at 40 ℃ for 3 h. After stirring, the mixture is placed in a centrifuge, and the rotating speed is adjusted to 1000 r/min for 3 min so as to remove micro bubbles in the solution. Wherein, the PDMS cross-linking agent is the same as that used in example 1.

(2) Electrostatic spinning: and (3) extracting a proper amount of the precursor solution by using a 5.0 ml syringe, connecting a syringe needle with a static high-pressure anode, and connecting a receiving substrate with a cathode. The electrospinning voltage is adjusted to be 16 kV, and the injection speed of the injector is 0.06 mm/min. The prepared film cannot form the shape of the nanofiber due to excessive and uneven distribution of PDMS components.

Comparative example 3

(1) Preparing an electrostatic spinning precursor solution: weighing 1.3 g of PDMS precursor, preparing a PDMS/ethyl acetate solution with the mass fraction of 30-50%, and stirring at 40 ℃ for 1 h. 0.13 g of PDMS crosslinker was added and stirring was continued at 40 ℃ for 1 h. After stirring, the mixture is placed in a centrifuge, and the rotating speed is adjusted to 1000 r/min for 3 min so as to remove micro bubbles in the solution. Wherein, the PDMS cross-linking agent is the same as that used in example 1.

(2) Electrostatic spinning: and (3) extracting a proper amount of the precursor solution by using a 5.0 ml syringe, connecting a syringe needle with a static high-pressure anode, and connecting a receiving substrate with a cathode. Adjusting the electrospinning voltage and the injection speed of the injector; it was found that no stable "taylor cone" could be obtained during spinning, no matter how the above parameters were changed. PDMS is still a viscous jet flow received on the substrate, and cannot be cured in time, so that a nanofiber membrane cannot be formed.

The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments and it is not intended that the invention be limited to these specific details. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all shall be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.