阅读说明：本技术 一种雷达及无人机 (Radar and unmanned aerial vehicle ) 是由 马留涛 于 2021-08-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明实施例涉及信号收发装置技术领域,具体涉及一种雷达及无人机,雷达包括传感器主体、接收天线阵列和发射天线阵列；所述接收天线阵列包括若干个接收天线阵列单元,所述发射天线阵列包括与若干个所述接收天线阵列单元平行设置的两个发射天线阵列单元；所述发射天线阵列的发射口径大于所述接收天线阵列的接收口径；各所述发射天线阵列单元分别与所述传感器主体的发射端口相连,各所述接收天线阵列单元分别与所述传感器主体的接收端口相连；所述传感器主体接收到所述接收天线阵列接收的数字信号后,对所述数字信号进行虚拟孔径处理,在所述接收端口形成虚拟天线阵列。通过上述方式,能够使雷达在满足体积小、质量轻的同时,具备良好的探测性能。(The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of signal receiving and transmitting devices, in particular to a radar and an unmanned aerial vehicle, wherein the radar comprises a sensor main body, a receiving antenna array and a transmitting antenna array; the receiving antenna array comprises a plurality of receiving antenna array units, and the transmitting antenna array comprises two transmitting antenna array units which are arranged in parallel with the receiving antenna array units; the transmitting aperture of the transmitting antenna array is larger than the receiving aperture of the receiving antenna array; each transmitting antenna array unit is connected with a transmitting port of the sensor main body, and each receiving antenna array unit is connected with a receiving port of the sensor main body; and after the sensor main body receives the digital signals received by the receiving antenna array, the sensor main body performs virtual aperture processing on the digital signals to form a virtual antenna array at the receiving port. By the mode, the radar has good detection performance while meeting the requirements of small size and light weight.)

1. A radar, comprising: the sensor comprises a sensor body, a receiving antenna array and a transmitting antenna array;

the receiving antenna array comprises a plurality of receiving antenna array units, and the transmitting antenna array comprises two transmitting antenna array units which are arranged in parallel with the receiving antenna array units;

the transmitting aperture of the transmitting antenna array is larger than the receiving aperture of the receiving antenna array;

each transmitting antenna array unit is connected with a transmitting port of the sensor main body, and each receiving antenna array unit is connected with a receiving port of the sensor main body;

and after the sensor main body receives the digital signals received by the receiving antenna array, the sensor main body performs virtual aperture processing on the digital signals to form a virtual antenna array at the receiving port.

2. The radar of claim 1, further comprising a dielectric plate, wherein the sensor body, the receive antenna array, and the transmit antenna array are disposed on the dielectric plate.

3. Radar according to claim 1,

the distance between adjacent receiving antenna array units is 0.5-2 lambda, wherein lambda is the antenna wavelength;

the emitting aperture is 0.5-2 lambda larger than the receiving aperture;

the virtual aperture of the virtual antenna array is equal to two times of the receiving aperture and is 0.5-2 lambda.

4. The radar of claim 3 wherein the number of receive antenna array elements is four and the spacing between adjacent receive antenna array elements is 1.5 λ, 1.5 λ and 2 λ, respectively.

5. Radar according to claim 4, characterised in that the spacing of two transmit antenna array elements is 6 λ.

6. A radar as claimed in claim 2, wherein an isolating dummy antenna is provided between adjacent receive antenna array elements.

7. Radar according to claim 6, characterised in that the dielectric plate is provided with a via at its edge, through which the isolating dummy antenna is connected to ground.

8. The radar of claim 1, wherein the receive antenna array elements and the transmit antenna array elements each comprise two microstrip comb antenna elements connected at one end.

9. Radar according to claim 8,

the microstrip comb-shaped antenna unit comprises a microstrip line and a plurality of patches;

the H-plane directional diagram of the microstrip comb-shaped antenna unit is synthesized by adopting a Chebyshev windowing function;

the plurality of patches are arranged on two sides of the microstrip line in a crossed manner;

a plurality of the patches are mirror symmetric;

the distance between the adjacent patches is 0.5 lambda.

10. A drone, characterized by comprising a drone body and a radar according to any one of claims 1 to 9;

the radar comprises a dielectric plate, and the sensor main body, the receiving antenna array and the transmitting antenna array are all arranged on the dielectric plate;

the medium plate is provided with a mounting hole, and the medium plate is fixed on the unmanned aerial vehicle body through the mounting hole.

Technical Field

The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of signal receiving and transmitting devices, in particular to a radar and an unmanned aerial vehicle.

Background

The existing unmanned aerial vehicle is positioned by adopting a camera and combining a visual algorithm, and because the detection distance of the camera is short, the camera is accurate and crossed, the influence of weather environment is large, the number of the cameras is large, and the visual algorithm is complex, so that errors are easily caused when a target is detected and positioned.

The radar has received wide application in car intelligence auxiliary driving as outstanding sensor in target detection and location, but because unmanned aerial vehicle is strict to whole volume and quality requirement to need possess good detection performance, and current radar can't satisfy volume, quality requirement and detection performance requirement simultaneously.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above problems, embodiments of the present invention provide a radar and an unmanned aerial vehicle, so that the radar has a small size, a light weight, and a good detection performance.

According to an aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a radar including: the sensor comprises a sensor body, a receiving antenna array and a transmitting antenna array; the receiving antenna array comprises a plurality of receiving antenna array units, and the transmitting antenna array comprises two transmitting antenna array units which are arranged in parallel with the receiving antenna array units; the transmitting aperture of the transmitting antenna array is larger than the receiving aperture of the receiving antenna array; each transmitting antenna array unit is connected with a transmitting port of the sensor main body, and each receiving antenna array unit is connected with a receiving port of the sensor main body; and after the sensor main body receives the digital signals received by the receiving antenna array, the sensor main body performs virtual aperture processing on the digital signals to form a virtual antenna array at the receiving port.

In an optional manner, the radar further includes a dielectric plate, and the sensor main body, the receiving antenna array, and the transmitting antenna array are all disposed on the dielectric plate.

In an optional mode, the distance between adjacent receiving antenna array units is 0.5-2 lambda, wherein lambda is the antenna wavelength; the emitting aperture is 0.5-2 lambda larger than the receiving aperture; the virtual aperture of the virtual antenna array is equal to two times of the receiving aperture and is 0.5-2 lambda.

In an alternative mode, the number of the receiving antenna array units is four, and the distances between adjacent receiving antenna array units are 1.5 λ, 1.5 λ and 2 λ in sequence.

In an alternative mode, the distance between two transmitting antenna array units is 6 lambda.

In an alternative mode, an isolation dummy antenna is arranged between adjacent receiving antenna array units.

In an optional mode, a via hole is formed in the edge of the dielectric plate, and the isolated dummy antenna is grounded through the via hole.

In an alternative mode, the receiving antenna array element and the transmitting antenna array element each include two microstrip comb antenna elements connected at one end.

In an optional mode, the microstrip comb antenna unit includes a microstrip line and a plurality of patches; the H-plane directional diagram of the microstrip comb-shaped antenna unit is synthesized by adopting a Chebyshev windowing function; the plurality of patches are arranged on two sides of the microstrip line in a crossed manner; a plurality of the patches are mirror symmetric; the distance between the adjacent patches is 0.5 lambda.

According to another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a drone, including a drone body and a radar as described above;

the radar comprises a dielectric plate, and the sensor main body, the receiving antenna array and the transmitting antenna array are all arranged on the dielectric plate;

the medium plate is provided with a mounting hole, and the medium plate is fixed on the unmanned aerial vehicle body through the mounting hole.

According to the radar provided by the embodiment of the invention, the MIMO array is arranged, the virtual antenna array is formed at the radar receiving end through digital signal processing and the virtual aperture technology, so that the receiving aperture of the radar receiving end is increased by more than one time on the basis of not changing the number and the aperture of actual antennas, the signal-to-noise ratio of the radar is improved, the gain of the radar antenna is greatly improved, the radio frequency detection distance of the radar antenna is greatly improved, and the requirements of an unmanned aerial vehicle on the radar volume, quality and detection performance can be effectively met.

The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and the embodiments of the present invention are described below in order to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly understood and to make the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understandable.

Drawings

Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Also, like reference numerals are used to refer to like parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:

fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a radar provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a radar apparatus for converting a receiving antenna array into a virtual antenna array according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a radar according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which a receiving antenna array is converted into a virtual antenna array after a specific aperture is combined;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a single receiving antenna array unit and a single transmitting antenna array unit in a radar provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 5 is an H-plane directional diagram of a microstrip comb antenna unit in a radar according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a normalized directional diagram of a quaternary array factor of an E-plane of a receiving-end antenna array in a radar according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 7 is a quaternary sparse array normalized directional diagram of an E-plane of a receiving-end antenna array in a radar according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 8 is a normalized directional diagram of virtual antenna array factor of the E-plane of the virtual antenna array in the radar according to the embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 9 is a virtual sparse array normalized directional diagram of an E-plane of a virtual antenna array in a radar according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The reference numbers in the detailed description are as follows:

the radar antenna comprises a radar 100, a dielectric plate 110, a sensor main body 120, a receiving antenna array 130, a receiving antenna array unit 131, a transmitting antenna array 140, a transmitting antenna array unit 141, a virtual antenna array 150, an isolation dummy antenna 160, a via hole 170, a microstrip comb-shaped antenna unit 180, a microstrip line 181, a patch 182 and a mounting hole 190.

Detailed Description

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and therefore are only examples, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.

According to an aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, a radar is provided, which has a small size, a light weight, and a good detection performance.

Referring to fig. 1, a radar 100 includes: the sensor comprises a sensor body 120, a receiving antenna array 130 and a transmitting antenna array 140, wherein the receiving antenna array 130 comprises a plurality of receiving antenna array units 131, and the transmitting antenna array 140 comprises two transmitting antenna array units 141 arranged in parallel with the plurality of receiving antenna array units 131. The transmit aperture dn of the transmit antenna array 141 is larger than the receive aperture dm of the receive antenna array 131. The transmitting antenna array units 141 are connected to the transmitting ports of the sensor body 120, respectively, and the receiving antenna array units 131 are connected to the receiving ports of the sensor body 120, respectively. After the sensor main body 120 receives the digital signal received by the receiving antenna array 130, the digital signal is subjected to virtual aperture processing, and a virtual antenna array is formed at a receiving port.

If the existing radar wants to ensure good detection performance, the antenna aperture needs to be increased so as to improve the antenna gain and the radio frequency detection distance, and the increase of the antenna aperture can correspondingly increase the whole volume of the radar, so that the quality is increased. If want to guarantee small volume, light weight, just need reduce the antenna bore, and reduce the antenna bore and correspondingly can make radar detection performance reduce, can't satisfy the required requirement of equipment (for example unmanned aerial vehicle).

In view of the above problems, in the radar 100 provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the MIMO array is arranged, and the virtual antenna array is formed at the receiving end of the radar 100 through digital signal processing and virtual aperture technology, so that the receiving aperture of the receiving end of the radar 100 is increased by more than one time without changing the actual number and aperture of the antennas, the signal-to-noise ratio of the radar is improved, the gain of the radar antenna is greatly increased, the radio frequency detection distance of the radar antenna is greatly increased, and the requirements of the unmanned aerial vehicle on the radar volume, quality and detection performance can be effectively met.

In order to facilitate the fixing of the sensor main body 120, the receiving antenna array 130 and the transmitting antenna array 140, the present invention further provides an implementation manner, and specifically, referring to fig. 1, the radar 100 further includes a dielectric plate 110, and the sensor main body 120, the receiving antenna array 130 and the transmitting antenna array 140 are all disposed on the dielectric plate 110, so as to fix the sensor main body 120, the receiving antenna array 130 and the transmitting antenna array 140, and facilitate the overall movement and installation of the radar 100.

Referring to FIG. 2, the spacing d between adjacent receiving antenna array elements 131₁Is 0.5-2 lambda, where lambda is the antenna wavelength and the emission aperture d₂Specific receiving aperture d₃The virtual aperture d of the virtual antenna array is 0.5-2 lambda larger and is formed at the receiving end through a virtual aperture technology₄＝2d₃+(d₂-d₃)。

By arranging the spacing d of adjacent receiving array elements 131₁Set to 0.5-2 lambda, and the transmitting caliber d₂Is set to be larger than the receiving aperture d₃The size of the antenna is 0.5-2 lambda larger, so that the virtual aperture d of the virtual antenna array 150 formed by the receiving end of the radar 100₄Greater than the original receiving antenna caliber d₃The antenna aperture of the receiving end of the radar 100 is increased by more than one time on the basis of not changing the number and the aperture of actual antennas, and the radio frequency detection distance of the radar antenna is greatly improved.

In order to improve the anti-interference capability of the receiving antenna array 130, the present invention further provides an implementation manner, specifically, referring to fig. 1 and fig. 3, the number of the receiving antenna array units 131 is four, and the distances between adjacent receiving antenna array units 131 are sequentially 1.5 λ, 1.5 λ and 2 λ, and the receiving antenna array 130 is arranged by sparse array (i.e. the distances between adjacent receiving antenna array units 131 are not all equal), so as to avoid the mutual coupling problem caused by too small distances between the receiving antenna array units 131.

In order to increase the antenna aperture and reduce the radar size, the present invention further provides an implementation manner, specifically referring to fig. 3 again, the distance between two transmitting antenna array units 141 is 6 λ; the four receiving antenna array units 131 and the two transmitting antenna array units 141 jointly form a four-input two-output MIMO array, through digital signal processing and virtual aperture technology, a receiving end of a radar forms a virtual antenna array 150, in the virtual antenna array 150, the aperture of the virtual antenna array 150 reaches 11 λ, which is 2.2 times of the aperture of the receiving antenna array 130 (1.5 λ +1.5 λ +2 λ ═ 5 λ), so that the aperture of the radar receiving end antenna is increased by more than one time, the signal-to-noise ratio of the radar is improved, the gain of the radar antenna is greatly improved, the radio frequency detection distance of the radar antenna is greatly improved, and the requirements of the unmanned aerial vehicle on the volume, the quality and the detection performance of the radar can be met.

In order to improve the isolation between the receiving antenna array units 131, the present invention further provides an implementation manner, referring to fig. 1 again, an isolation dummy antenna 160 is disposed between adjacent receiving antenna array units 131, and the isolation dummy antenna 160 is not connected to the sensor main body 120; further, the edge of the dielectric plate 110 is provided with a via hole 170, and the isolation dummy antenna 160 is grounded through the via hole 170, so as to improve the isolation between the receiving antenna array units 131 and suppress surface waves.

In order to fully explain the upper sensor body and each antenna array structure, a specific embodiment is listed below, please refer to fig. 1, in order to adapt to the installation platform of the unmanned aerial vehicle, the size of the dielectric plate 110 is set to 30mm × 35mm, and a Rogers (Rogers) RO3003(tm) plate suitable for designing a 77GHz-81GHz frequency band millimeter wave antenna is adopted, the dielectric constant of the dielectric plate 110 in a 78GHz frequency band is set to 3.16, the thickness of the dielectric plate 110 is set to 0.127mm, and the thickness of surface copper is set to 20 μm, so as to improve the stability of receiving and transmitting of the radar antenna; the sensor main body 120 adopts Awr1863 radar sensor, the Awr1863 radar sensor is provided with Tx1 and Tx2 ports respectively connected with the transmitting antenna array unit 141 in a one-to-one manner to form two transmitting channels, and is also provided with Rx1, Rx2, Rx3 and Rx4 ports respectively connected with the receiving antenna array unit 131 in a one-to-one manner to form four receiving channels, the two transmitting channels and the four receiving channels jointly form a four-input two-output MIMO array, and a virtual antenna array is formed at a receiving end through digital signal processing and virtual aperture technology, so that the radar meets the installation size of an unmanned aerial vehicle platform, the receiving aperture is increased, the gain is increased, and the radar detection capability and the detection distance are effectively improved; the metalized ground vias 170 with a diameter of 0.1mm are arranged around the dielectric plate 110 to suppress surface waves.

Referring to fig. 4, in some embodiments, the receiving antenna array unit and the transmitting antenna array unit each include two microstrip comb-shaped antenna units 180 connected at one end, and the microstrip comb-shaped antenna units 180 have the characteristics of small volume, light weight and low profile, and are more favorable for meeting the requirements of small volume and light weight when the radar is applied to an unmanned aerial vehicle platform. Specifically, the microstrip comb antenna unit 180 may include a microstrip line 181 and a plurality of patches 182, wherein the width of the microstrip line 181 may be set to be 0.1mm, a directional pattern of an H-plane of the microstrip comb antenna unit 180 is synthesized by a chebyshev windowing function, and the patches 182 are disposed at both sides of the microstrip line 181 in a crossing manner to form a comb shape, the patches 182 are mirror-symmetric, and a distance d between adjacent patches 182 is set to be a distance d between the patches 182₅Set to 0.5 lambda.

In order to improve the anti-interference capability of the antenna, the present invention further provides an implementation manner, specifically please refer to fig. 4, eight patches 182 are alternately disposed on the microstrip line 181, and the width ratio of the eight patches 182 in the length direction of the microstrip line 181 is w₁:w₂:w₃:w₄:w₅:w₇:w₈0.57:0.66:0.87:1:1:0.87:0.66:0.57, wherein the maximum width w of the patch₄And w₅The thickness of the side lobe of the 180H surface of the microstrip comb-shaped antenna unit can be set to be 0.6mm, so that the level of the side lobe is smaller than-16 dB, and the anti-interference capability of the antenna is improved.

Various data of the antenna in the radar provided by the embodiment of the invention are explained through simulation experiments, according to the directional diagram product principle, the product of the E-plane directional diagram of the microstrip comb-shaped antenna unit and the virtual antenna array factor directional diagram of the virtual antenna array is the directional diagram of the sparse virtual antenna array of the virtual antenna array, specifically refer to fig. 5 to 9, wherein fig. 5 is the H-plane directional diagram of the microstrip comb-shaped antenna unit; taking a four-channel receiving antenna array as an example, fig. 6 and 7 are an E-plane quaternary array factor normalized directional diagram and an E-plane quaternary sparse array normalized directional diagram of the receiving-end antenna array synthesized by using MATLAB, respectively, and fig. 8 and 9 are an E-plane virtual array factor normalized directional diagram and an E-plane virtual sparse array normalized directional diagram of the virtual antenna array synthesized by using MATLAB, respectively.

As shown in fig. 5, the H-plane gain of the microstrip comb antenna unit is 15.7dB, the 3dB beam width is 19.3 °, and the sidelobe level is-16.2 dB, which meets the requirement of low sidelobe level.

Comparing fig. 6 and 7 with fig. 8 and 9, it can be seen that the virtual aperture of the virtual antenna array is increased by 2.2 times, the 3dB lobe width is reduced to half, the side lobe and the side lobe are both reduced compared with the receiving antenna array, which indicates that the entering of the side lobe and the interference signal are suppressed, thereby ensuring the communication of the main signal and effectively improving the signal-to-noise ratio and the anti-interference capability of the radar antenna.

According to another aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an unmanned aerial vehicle, where the unmanned aerial vehicle includes an unmanned aerial vehicle body and a radar as described above, and referring to fig. 1 again, a mounting hole 190 is provided at an end corner of the dielectric plate 110 in the radar 100, a diameter of the mounting hole 190 may be set to be 3mm, and the dielectric plate 110 is fixed to the unmanned aerial vehicle body through the mounting hole 190.

The unmanned aerial vehicle provided by the embodiment of the invention can detect and position the unmanned aerial vehicle platform by adopting the radar which can meet the requirements of the unmanned aerial vehicle platform on volume, quality and detection performance, and compared with the existing unmanned aerial vehicle which adopts the camera to position by combining with a visual algorithm, the unmanned aerial vehicle provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages that the radar detection and positioning are more accurate, the influence of environment and external factors is small, and the intelligent degree of the flight and control of the unmanned aerial vehicle can be effectively improved.

It is to be noted that technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by those skilled in the art to which embodiments of the present invention belong, unless otherwise specified.

In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", and the like indicate the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings, which are only for convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention.

Furthermore, the technical terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.

In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "fixed," and the like are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; mechanical connection or electrical connection is also possible; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. Specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to specific situations.

In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through an intermediate. Furthermore, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely below the second feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and they should be construed as being included in the following claims and description. In particular, the technical features mentioned in the embodiments can be combined in any way as long as there is no structural conflict. It is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.