阅读说明：本技术 一种可视化实验装置 (Visual experimental apparatus ) 是由 沈俊 苏文娟 岳云飞 李�昊 孙大明 沈惬 于 2021-08-12 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种用于液氮蒸发实验和气瓶静态蒸发率测试的可视化实验装置,包括可视化腔体、设于可视化腔体上的进液管路、排放管路和排气管路,可视化腔体包括外腔和内腔,外腔包括外腔筒体、设于外腔筒体两侧的外腔观察窗,内腔包括内腔筒体、设于内腔筒体两侧且与外腔观察窗相对应的内腔观察窗、设于内腔筒体外的辐射屏,内腔筒体底部设有加热片,用于研究不同加热功率下的液氮蒸发效果。通过在内、外腔侧面安装玻璃观察窗,能够展示低温液氮在静态以及动态蒸发的过程,便于直接观察内部的液氮变化。本装置将液氮蒸发演示实验和低温绝热气瓶静态蒸发率、维持时间集成于一套装置上,满足实验展示和在线检验的双重需要。(The invention relates to a visual experimental device for a liquid nitrogen evaporation experiment and a gas bottle static evaporation rate test, which comprises a visual cavity, a liquid inlet pipeline, a discharge pipeline and an exhaust pipeline, wherein the liquid inlet pipeline, the discharge pipeline and the exhaust pipeline are arranged on the visual cavity, the visual cavity comprises an outer cavity and an inner cavity, the outer cavity comprises an outer cavity barrel and outer cavity observation windows arranged on two sides of the outer cavity barrel, the inner cavity comprises an inner cavity barrel, inner cavity observation windows arranged on two sides of the inner cavity barrel and corresponding to the outer cavity observation windows, and a radiation screen arranged outside the inner cavity barrel, and a heating sheet is arranged at the bottom of the inner cavity barrel and used for researching liquid nitrogen evaporation effects under different heating powers. The glass observation windows are arranged on the side surfaces of the inner cavity and the outer cavity, so that the process of low-temperature liquid nitrogen in static and dynamic evaporation can be displayed, and the change of the liquid nitrogen in the inner cavity can be conveniently and directly observed. The device integrates the liquid nitrogen evaporation demonstration experiment and the low-temperature heat-insulation gas cylinder static evaporation rate and the maintenance time on one set of device, and meets the dual requirements of experiment display and online inspection.)

1. A visual experimental apparatus is characterized in that: comprises a visual cavity (1), a liquid inlet pipeline (2), a discharge pipeline (3) and a gas discharge pipeline (4) which are arranged on the visual cavity (1), the visual cavity (1) comprises an outer cavity (11) and an inner cavity (12),

the outer cavity (11) comprises an outer cavity cylinder (101), an upper outer cavity flange (102) fixed on the outer cavity cylinder (101), outer cavity observation windows (103) arranged at two sides of the outer cavity cylinder (101), and a support (105) fixedly arranged below the outer cavity cylinder (101), the outer cavity observation window (103) is externally and fixedly provided with an outer cavity observation window flange (104),

the inner cavity (12) comprises an inner cavity cylinder (201), inner cavity observation windows (205) which are arranged at two sides of the inner cavity cylinder (201) and correspond to the outer cavity observation windows (103), and a radiation screen (202) which is arranged outside the inner cavity cylinder (201), an inner cavity observation window flange (204) is fixedly arranged outside the inner cavity observation windows (205),

the bottom of the inner cavity cylinder (201) is provided with a heating sheet (203),

the liquid inlet pipeline (2), the discharge pipeline (3) and the gas discharge pipeline (4) are arranged on the outer cavity flange (102) and communicated with the inner cavity cylinder body (201),

the outer cavity flange (102) is also provided with a vacuum baffle valve (27) communicated with a cavity between the outer cavity cylinder (101) and the inner cavity cylinder (201).

2. A visual experiment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:

a third stop valve (29) is arranged on the liquid inlet pipeline (2);

the discharge pipeline (3) is provided with a first stop valve (26), a second pressure sensor (23), a fifth stop valve (24), a temperature sensor (25) and a flowmeter (30), the discharge pipeline (3) is also provided with a branch with a fourth stop valve (22), and the branch is arranged between the first stop valve (26) and the second pressure sensor (23);

the exhaust pipeline (4) is provided with a first pressure sensor (20), a second stop valve (21) and a safety valve (31).

3. A visual experiment apparatus according to claim 2, wherein: the liquid inlet pipeline (2) is also provided with a branch with a sixth stop valve (28) which is used as a connector pipeline of the refrigerator.

4. A visual experiment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the radiation screen (202) is fixed on the outer surface of the inner cavity cylinder (201), and the heating plate (203) is fixed at the bottom of the inner cavity cylinder (201).

5. A visual experiment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the outer cavity flange (102) is fixed on the outer cavity cylinder body (101),

the outer cavity observation window flange (104) is fixed outside the outer cavity observation window (103), and an outer cavity observation window gasket (114) is arranged between the outer cavity observation window flange (104) and the outer cavity observation window (103).

6. A visual experiment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the inner cavity cylinder (201) and the outer cavity cylinder (101) are fixedly connected.

7. A visual experiment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: a first O-shaped ring (106) is arranged between the outer cavity cylinder body (101) and the outer cavity observation window (103), and a second O-shaped ring (107) is arranged between the outer cavity cylinder body (101) and the outer cavity flange (102).

8. A visual experiment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the inner cavity observation window flange (204) is fixed on the inner cavity observation window (205), and an inner cavity observation window gasket (210) is arranged between the inner cavity cylinder body (201) and the inner cavity observation window (205).

9. A visual experiment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the outer cavity cylinder (101) and the support (105) are welded and fixed through TIG welding.

Technical Field

The invention relates to an experimental device, in particular to a visual experimental device for a liquid nitrogen evaporation experiment and a gas cylinder static evaporation rate test.

Background

At present, the use of low-temperature liquid enters various industries, and the demand of low-temperature liquid for domestic enterprises from scientific research to national defense industry is increasing. Safe, economical and efficient storage of cryogenic liquids is a prerequisite for rapid and healthy development of the cryogenic liquid industry. In a general sense, any device that can be used for cryogenic liquid storage can be referred to as a cryogenic insulation device.

The cryogenic gas cylinder is one of the main storage devices for storing cryogenic liquid, and both the static evaporation rate and the maintenance time are important parameters for representing the thermal insulation performance of the cryogenic gas cylinder.

At present, for the test of the data, corresponding experiments need to be carried out through different detection devices, so that the occupied area of the experiment device is large, the requirement is complex, and the integrated experiment device becomes the experiment requirement.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the visual experimental device for integrating the liquid nitrogen evaporation experiment and the air bottle static evaporation rate test is provided.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the visual experimental device comprises a visual cavity, a liquid inlet pipeline, a discharge pipeline and a gas exhaust pipeline, wherein the liquid inlet pipeline, the discharge pipeline and the gas exhaust pipeline are arranged on the visual cavity, and the visual cavity comprises an outer cavity and an inner cavity. The inner sleeve and the outer sleeve experiment box with the vacuum heat insulation interlayer are adopted to reduce the cold loss and achieve better experiment effect.

The outer cavity comprises an outer cavity cylinder, an outer cavity flange fixed on the outer cavity cylinder, outer cavity observation windows arranged on two sides of the outer cavity cylinder, and a support fixedly arranged under the outer cavity cylinder, the outer cavity observation window is externally and fixedly provided with an outer cavity observation window flange,

the inner cavity comprises an inner cavity cylinder, inner cavity observation windows which are arranged at two sides of the inner cavity cylinder and correspond to the outer cavity observation windows, and a radiation screen which is arranged outside the inner cavity cylinder, an inner cavity observation window flange is fixedly arranged outside the inner cavity observation window,

the inner cavity cylinder and the outer cavity cylinder are made of high-quality 304 stainless steel, the whole cylinder is of a cylindrical Dewar structure, and glass observation windows are arranged on the side faces of the inner cavity and the outer cavity, so that the process of low-temperature liquid nitrogen in static and dynamic evaporation can be shown, and the change of the liquid nitrogen in the inner cavity can be conveniently and directly observed.

The heating plate is arranged at the bottom of the inner cavity cylinder and used for researching the liquid nitrogen evaporation effect under different heating powers.

The liquid inlet pipeline, the discharge pipeline and the gas exhaust pipeline are arranged on the outer cavity flange and communicated with the inner cavity cylinder body,

the outer cavity flange is also provided with a vacuum baffle valve communicated with a cavity between the outer cavity cylinder and the inner cavity cylinder. The vacuum baffle valve can be connected with the molecular pump unit through a corrugated pipe to vacuumize the cavity, and a vacuum gauge is arranged to measure the vacuum degree in the interlayer of the cavity.

Furthermore, a third stop valve is arranged on the liquid inlet pipeline, and the liquid nitrogen circulation can be controlled;

the discharge pipeline is provided with a first stop valve, a second pressure sensor, a fifth stop valve, a temperature sensor and a flowmeter, and is also provided with a branch with a fourth stop valve, wherein the branch is arranged between the first stop valve and the second pressure sensor, so that residual liquid nitrogen in the inner cavity can be discharged when liquid nitrogen is filled and the platform is not used; the temperature sensor is used for measuring the temperature of fluid in the exhaust pipeline; the second pressure sensor is used for monitoring the system pressure; the flowmeter is used for measuring the gas flow after the liquid nitrogen is evaporated;

the exhaust pipe on be equipped with first pressure sensor, second stop valve and relief valve, first pressure sensor reserves the pressure test point for static evaporation rate test, the purpose of relief valve is when pressure transfinites, system pressure can discharge automatically, guarantees not to exceed system safety design pressure.

Furthermore, the liquid inlet pipeline is further provided with a branch with a sixth stop valve and is used as an interface pipeline of the refrigerator, and the pipeline of the refrigerator is reserved so as to be convenient for the later stage of adding the refrigerator for re-liquefying and recycling nitrogen.

Furthermore, a liquid level meter is fixed in the inner cavity, the liquid level meter is connected to the aviation plug through a four-wire system, then the liquid level meter is connected to the control display screen through signal leading, and the liquid level of the liquid nitrogen in the inner cavity can be monitored in real time.

All real-time data of all monitoring instruments on the pipeline can be collected to the control display screen, and the change trend of each index can be observed in real time through data processing.

Furthermore, the radiation screen is fixed on the outer surface of the inner cavity cylinder through a cross-slot cylindrical head screw, and the heating plate is fixed at the bottom of the inner cavity cylinder through a screw.

Furthermore, the outer cavity flange is fixed on the outer cavity barrel through a hexagon head bolt penetrating through the outer cavity flange and the outer cavity barrel, and the hexagon head bolt is locked through a flat washer, a spring washer and a first hexagon nut which are sequentially arranged below the outer cavity barrel;

the outer cavity observation window flange is fixed outside the outer cavity observation window through a first inner hexagonal socket head cap screw, and an outer cavity observation window gasket is arranged between the outer cavity observation window flange and the outer cavity observation window.

Furthermore, the inner cavity barrel is fixedly connected with the outer cavity barrel through a screw rod, the screw rod is communicated with the inner cavity barrel, and second hexagonal nuts are arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the inner cavity barrel and used for fixing the screw rod.

Furthermore, a first O-shaped ring is arranged between the outer cavity barrel and the outer cavity observation window, a second O-shaped ring is arranged between the outer cavity barrel and the outer cavity flange, and a lifting ring screw is fixed on the outer cavity flange.

Furthermore, the inner cavity observation window flange is fixed on the inner cavity observation window through a second inner hexagonal socket head cap screw, and an inner cavity observation window gasket is arranged between the inner cavity barrel and the inner cavity observation window.

Further, the outer cavity cylinder and the support are welded and fixed through TIG welding, namely non-consumable electrode inert gas tungsten electrode shielded welding.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the glass observation windows are arranged on the side surfaces of the inner cavity and the outer cavity, so that the process of low-temperature liquid nitrogen in static and dynamic evaporation can be displayed, and the change of the liquid nitrogen in the inner cavity can be conveniently and directly observed. The device integrates the liquid nitrogen evaporation demonstration experiment and the low-temperature heat-insulation gas cylinder static evaporation rate and the maintenance time on one set of device, and meets the dual requirements of experiment display and online inspection.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a top view of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the outer chamber structure of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 3 in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged view taken at I of FIG. 4 in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 6 is an enlarged view taken at II of FIG. 4 in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of the invention at III in FIG. 4;

FIG. 8 is an enlarged view taken at IV of FIG. 4 in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the lumen structure of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 9 in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a top view of the invention of FIG. 9;

FIG. 12 is a bottom view of FIG. 9 of the present invention;

FIG. 13 is an enlarged view of the invention at a in FIG. 10;

FIG. 14 is an enlarged view of the invention at b in FIG. 10;

fig. 15 is a schematic view of another embodiment of the present invention.

Reference numbers in the figures: 1-visualization chamber, 2-liquid inlet line, 3-discharge line, 4-gas outlet line, 11-outer chamber, 12-inner chamber, 13-level gauge, 20-first pressure sensor, 21-second stop valve, 22-fourth stop valve, 23-second pressure sensor, 24-fifth stop valve, 25-temperature sensor, 26-first stop valve, 27-vacuum flapper valve, 28-sixth stop valve, 29-third stop valve, 30-flowmeter, 31-safety valve, 101-outer chamber cylinder, 102-outer chamber flange, 103-outer chamber observation window, 104-outer chamber observation window flange, 105-support, 106-first O-ring, 107-second O-ring, 108-plain washer, 109-first hexagon socket head screw, 110-lifting eye screw, 111-hexagon head bolt, 112-spring washer, 113-first hexagon nut, 114-outer cavity observation window gasket, 201-inner cavity cylinder, 202-radiation screen, 203-heating plate, 204-inner cavity observation window flange, 205-inner cavity observation window, 206-screw, 207-cross recessed socket head screw, 208-second inner hexagon socket head screw, 209-second hexagon nut, 210-inner cavity observation window gasket.

Detailed Description

The following examples are given for the detailed implementation and specific operation of the embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

The visual experimental device shown in fig. 1-15 comprises a visual cavity 1, a liquid inlet pipeline 2, a discharge pipeline 3 and a gas exhaust pipeline 4, wherein the liquid inlet pipeline 2, the discharge pipeline 3 and the gas exhaust pipeline 4 are arranged on the visual cavity 1, the visual cavity 1 comprises an outer cavity 11 and an inner cavity 12, and an inner sleeve and outer sleeve experimental box body with a vacuum heat insulation interlayer is adopted to reduce cold loss and achieve a better experimental effect.

The outer cavity 11 comprises an outer cavity cylinder 101, an outer cavity flange 102 fixed on the outer cavity cylinder 101, outer cavity observation windows 103 arranged on two sides of the outer cavity cylinder 101, and a support 105 fixed under the outer cavity cylinder 101, the outer cavity observation window 103 is externally fixed with an outer cavity observation window flange 104,

the inner cavity 12 comprises an inner cavity cylinder 201, inner cavity observation windows 205 which are arranged at two sides of the inner cavity cylinder 201 and correspond to the outer cavity observation windows 103, and a radiation screen 202 which is arranged outside the inner cavity cylinder 201, an inner cavity observation window flange 204 is fixedly arranged outside the inner cavity observation window 205,

the inner cavity cylinder and the outer cavity cylinder are made of high-quality 304 stainless steel, the whole cylinder is of a cylindrical Dewar structure, and glass observation windows are arranged on the side faces of the inner cavity and the outer cavity, so that the process of low-temperature liquid nitrogen in static and dynamic evaporation can be shown, and the change of the liquid nitrogen in the inner cavity can be conveniently and directly observed.

The bottom of the inner cavity cylinder 201 is provided with a heating sheet 203 for researching the liquid nitrogen evaporation effect under different heating powers.

The liquid inlet pipeline 2, the discharge pipeline 3 and the gas exhaust pipeline 4 are arranged on the outer cavity flange 102 and communicated with the inner cavity cylinder 201,

the outer cavity flange 102 is also provided with a vacuum baffle valve 27 communicated with the cavity between the outer cavity cylinder 101 and the inner cavity cylinder 201. The vacuum gauge pipe is arranged to measure the vacuum degree in the interlayer of the cavity.

The liquid inlet pipeline 2 is provided with a third stop valve 29 which can control the liquid nitrogen flow;

the discharge pipeline 3 is provided with a first stop valve 26, a second pressure sensor 23, a fifth stop valve 24, a temperature sensor 25 and a flowmeter 30, the discharge pipeline 2 is also provided with a branch with a fourth stop valve 22, the branch is arranged between the first stop valve 26 and the second pressure sensor 23, and residual liquid nitrogen in the inner cavity can be discharged when the liquid nitrogen filling and platform is not used; the temperature sensor 25 is used for measuring the temperature of fluid in the exhaust pipeline; the second pressure sensor 23 is used for monitoring the system pressure; the flow meter 30 is used for measuring the gas flow after the liquid nitrogen is evaporated;

the exhaust pipeline 4 is provided with a first pressure sensor 20, a second stop valve 21 and a safety valve 31. The first pressure sensor 20 is a reserved pressure test point for static evaporation rate test, and the safety valve 31 is used for automatically discharging system pressure when the pressure exceeds the limit, so that the safety design pressure of the system is not exceeded.

The liquid inlet pipeline 2 is also provided with a branch with a sixth stop valve 28 and is used as an interface pipeline of the refrigerator, and the pipeline of the refrigerator is reserved so as to be convenient for additionally installing the refrigerator in the later stage for re-liquefying and recovering nitrogen.

A liquid level meter 13 is fixed in the inner cavity 12, the liquid level meter 13 is connected to the aviation plug through a four-wire system, then the liquid level meter is connected to the control display screen through signal leading, and liquid nitrogen liquid level in the inner cavity can be monitored in real time.

All real-time data of all monitoring instruments on the pipeline can be collected to the control display screen, and the change trend of each index can be observed in real time through data processing.

The radiation screen 202 is fixed on the outer surface of the inner cavity cylinder 201 through a cross-recessed cylindrical head screw 207, and the heating plate 203 is fixed at the bottom of the inner cavity cylinder 201 through a screw.

The outer cavity flange 102 is fixed on the outer cavity cylinder 101 through a hexagon head bolt 111 penetrating through the outer cavity flange 102 and the outer cavity cylinder 101, and the hexagon head bolt 111 is locked through a flat washer 108, a spring washer 112 and a first hexagon nut 113 which are sequentially arranged below the outer cavity cylinder 101;

the outer cavity observation window flange 104 is fixed outside the outer cavity observation window 103 through a first inner hexagonal socket head cap screw 109, and an outer cavity observation window gasket 114 is arranged between the outer cavity observation window flange 104 and the outer cavity observation window 103.

The inner cavity cylinder 201 is fixedly connected with the outer cavity cylinder 101 through a screw 206, the screw 206 is communicated with the inner cavity cylinder 201, and second hexagonal nuts 209 for fixing the screw 206 are arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the inner cavity cylinder 201.

A first O-shaped ring 106 is arranged between the outer cavity cylinder body 101 and the outer cavity observation window 103, a second O-shaped ring 107 is arranged between the outer cavity cylinder body 101 and the outer cavity flange 102, and a lifting ring screw 110 is fixed on the outer cavity flange 102.

The inner cavity observation window flange 204 is fixed on the inner cavity observation window 205 through a second inner hexagonal socket head cap screw 208, and an inner cavity observation window gasket 210 is arranged between the inner cavity cylinder 201 and the inner cavity observation window 205.

The outer cavity cylinder 101 and the support 105 are welded and fixed through TIG welding.

Experimental example 1

When the liquid nitrogen evaporation demonstration experiment is carried out, the operation can be carried out according to the following steps:

firstly, a molecular pump set is connected with a vacuum baffle valve 27 through a corrugated pipe to vacuumize a cavity interlayer;

before filling liquid nitrogen, checking the opening and closing states of all valves, wherein the third stop valve 29 of the liquid inlet pipeline 2 and the second stop valve 21 of the gas exhaust pipeline 4 are in an opening state, and the other valves are in a closing state; a corrugated hose is connected with a liquid nitrogen tank connector and a liquid inlet pipeline 2 connector, a liquid outlet valve of the liquid nitrogen tank is opened, and liquid injection operation is carried out into the inner cavity cylinder 201; in the early stage, due to certain heat stored in the pipeline and the inner cavity cylinder 201, liquid nitrogen entering the inner cavity cylinder 201 is subjected to severe phase change vaporization, and is exhausted violently after an exhaust valve, so that the liquid nitrogen is frozen at low temperature carefully; when the liquid nitrogen is filled to the required liquid level (the recommended filling amount is 25L, and the liquid level meter 13 shows 50%), the third stop valve 29 of the liquid inlet pipeline 2 is closed, the second stop valve 21 of the exhaust pipeline 4 is still in an open state, the liquid nitrogen level in the inner cavity cylinder 201 is observed through the observation window to be not floated, the liquid nitrogen is considered to be stable, and at the moment, the low-temperature liquid nitrogen is in a stable state.

The second stop valve 21 on the exhaust pipeline 4 is closed, the first stop valve 26 on the discharge pipeline 3 is opened, the upper computer touch screen is operated, the inner cavity body is started to be electrically heated to heat the bottom plate of the inner cavity cylinder 201, the electric heating power of the inner cavity body is adjustable, liquid nitrogen is heated to be evaporated, the evaporated nitrogen displays flow through the flow meter, and the central control acquisition system monitors the change of each parameter by receiving sensor signals of the liquid level meter 13, the flow meter 30, pressure, temperature and the like.

Experimental example 2

When the static evaporation rate of the gas cylinder is tested, the gas cylinder to be tested is connected to the pipeline at the fourth stop valve 22 through the metal hose, the pipeline is started to be electrically heated to required power, and the static evaporation rate can be calculated through temperature, pressure and flow data collected by the upper computer.

Experimental example 3

When the gas cylinder is used as a time measuring system, a gas cylinder to be detected is connected to a pipeline at the fourth stop valve 22 through a metal hose, the fourth stop valve 22 and the fifth stop valve 24 are opened, after gas evaporation reaches a certain pressure, the safety valve 31 can jump and release pressure, and the recorded jump time of the safety valve 31 is the required measuring time.