阅读说明：本技术 一种电弧增材制造结构件的局部热处理方法及系统 (Local heat treatment method and system for electric arc additive manufacturing structural part ) 是由 朱俊蓓 马利锋 于 2021-09-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于电弧增材制造技术领域,公开了一种电弧增材制造结构件的局部热处理方法,包括以下步骤：对待制备电弧增材制造结构件进行数值模拟处理,得到电弧增材制造结构件的残余应力的分布及应力值；根据残余应力的分布及应力值制造电弧增材制造结构件；通过磁光成像对电弧增材制造结构件进行无损检测,判断出电弧增材制造结构件上存在缺陷的部位,并得到缺陷部位对应的缺陷图形；对各缺陷图形进行分析处理,得到对应的缺陷类型；综合残余应力的分布以及缺陷类型的分布,确定出不同区域的热处理参数；使用热处理参数对对应的局部进行热处理。为电弧增材制造结构件生成均匀的残余压应力,使表面残余压应力合理分布,减少裂纹变形等情况的发生。(The invention belongs to the technical field of electric arc additive manufacturing, and discloses a local heat treatment method for an electric arc additive manufactured structural part, which comprises the following steps: carrying out numerical simulation treatment on the electric arc additive manufacturing structural component to be prepared to obtain the distribution and the stress value of the residual stress of the electric arc additive manufacturing structural component; manufacturing an electric arc additive manufacturing structural part according to the distribution of the residual stress and the stress value; nondestructive testing is carried out on the arc additive manufacturing structural part through magneto-optical imaging, the part of the arc additive manufacturing structural part with the defect is judged, and a defect graph corresponding to the defect part is obtained; analyzing and processing each defect graph to obtain a corresponding defect type; determining heat treatment parameters of different areas by integrating the distribution of residual stress and the distribution of defect types; and performing heat treatment on the corresponding local part by using the heat treatment parameters. The uniform residual compressive stress is generated for the electric arc additive manufacturing structural part, so that the surface residual compressive stress is reasonably distributed, and the occurrence of the conditions of crack deformation and the like is reduced.)

1. A method of localized heat treatment of an arc additive manufactured structural component, comprising the steps of:

s1, performing numerical simulation treatment on the electric arc additive manufacturing structural component (15) to be prepared to obtain the distribution and the stress value of the residual stress of the electric arc additive manufacturing structural component (15);

s2, manufacturing an electric arc additive manufacturing structural part (15) according to the distribution of the residual stress and the stress value;

s3, carrying out nondestructive testing on the arc additive manufacturing structural component (15) through magneto-optical imaging, judging the position of the arc additive manufacturing structural component (15) with the defect, and obtaining a defect graph corresponding to the defect position;

s4, analyzing each defect graph to obtain corresponding defect types;

s5, determining heat treatment parameters of different areas by integrating the distribution of residual stress and the distribution of defect types;

and S6, performing heat treatment on the corresponding local part by using the heat treatment parameters.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein S2 specifically comprises the steps of:

s2.1, establishing a three-dimensional model of the electric arc additive manufacturing structural part (15), and generating a slice file according to the three-dimensional model;

s2.2, editing a manufacturing path of the numerical model of the arc additive manufacturing structural component (15) according to the distribution and the stress values of the residual stress obtained in the S1, and specifying the residual stress distribution of different areas in the arc additive manufacturing structural component (15);

and S2.3, the control system combines the slice file to carry out layer-by-layer surfacing according to the set parameters to prepare the electric arc additive manufacturing structural part (15).

3. The method of claim 1, wherein S3 specifically comprises the steps of:

s3.1, firstly, exciting the arc additive manufacturing structural part (15);

s3.2, generating a magneto-optical image on the arc additive manufacturing structural part (15) by using a magneto-optical imaging system;

and S3.3, analyzing the magneto-optical image to judge whether the arc additive manufacturing structural component (15) has defects, and if so, obtaining defect parts and defect graphs corresponding to the defect parts.

4. The method for locally heat-treating an arc additive manufactured structural component according to claim 1, wherein S4 is specifically:

inputting the defect graph into a preset heterogeneous integrated learner, and generating and outputting a classification result through voting in the heterogeneous integrated learner to obtain a defect detection result and a defect type identification result.

5. A local heat treatment system for an arc additive manufacturing structural part is characterized by comprising an arc additive manufacturing system, a magneto-optical imaging system, an image analysis device (28) and a heat treatment system;

the electric arc additive manufacturing system is used for carrying out numerical simulation treatment on the electric arc additive manufacturing structural component (15) to be prepared to obtain the distribution and the stress values of the residual stress of the electric arc additive manufacturing structural component (15), and manufacturing the electric arc additive manufacturing structural component (15) according to the distribution and the stress values of the residual stress;

the magneto-optical imaging system is used for carrying out nondestructive testing on the electric arc additive manufacturing structural part (15), judging a part with a defect on the electric arc additive manufacturing structural part (15), and obtaining a defect graph corresponding to the defect part;

the image analysis equipment (28) is used for analyzing and processing each defect graph to obtain a corresponding defect type;

and the heat treatment system is used for determining heat treatment parameters of different areas according to the distribution of the comprehensive residual stress and the distribution of the defect types and carrying out heat treatment on the corresponding local parts by using the heat treatment parameters.

6. The local heat treatment system for the arc additive manufactured structural component according to claim 5, characterized in that the arc additive manufactured structural component comprises a first industrial computer (11), a robot (12), a welding gun (14) and a base plate (13), wherein the industrial computer is connected with the robot (12), and the robot (12) is connected with the welding gun (14) and used for controlling the moving track of the welding gun (14); the substrate (13) is arranged below the welding gun (14) and used for placing the printed electric arc additive manufacturing structural part (15);

the first industrial personal computer (11) is used for carrying out numerical simulation treatment on the electric arc additive manufacturing structural part (15) to be prepared to obtain the distribution and the stress value of the residual stress of the electric arc additive manufacturing structural part (15); editing a manufacturing path of the numerical model of the arc additive manufacturing structural component (15), and specifying residual stress distribution of different areas in the arc additive manufacturing structural component (15); and controlling the robot (12) to move according to the set parameters, and driving a welding gun (14) to print layer by the robot (12) to prepare the electric arc additive manufacturing structural part (15).

7. The local heat treatment system for the arc additive manufacturing structural part according to claim 5, wherein the magneto-optical imaging system comprises a second industrial personal computer (21), a moving platform (22), an excitation power supply (25), a rotating magnetic field (23), a magneto-optical sensor (24) and an image acquisition device (26);

the moving platform (22) is provided with a clamp (27) for fixedly clamping the arc additive manufacturing structural part (15);

the second industrial personal computer (21) is connected with the motion platform (22) and is used for controlling the motion track of the motion platform (22);

the excitation power supply (25) is connected with the rotating magnetic field (23) and is used for controlling the magnetic field of the rotating magnetic field (23) to start and stop;

a magneto-optical sensor (24) is placed on the arc additive manufacturing structural member (15), and an image acquisition device (26) is connected with the magneto-optical sensor (24) and used for acquiring a defect image.

8. The system for localized heat treatment of arc additive manufactured structures according to claim 5, wherein the image analysis device (28) is connected to the image acquisition device (26) for analyzing each defect pattern to obtain a corresponding defect type.

9. The local heat treatment system for the arc additive manufacturing structural part according to the claim 5, characterized in that the heat treatment system comprises a third industrial computer (31) and a heating device (32), and the heating device (32) is connected with the third industrial computer (31);

the heating device (32) is arranged at a position where the arc additive manufacturing structural part (15) has defects, and the third industrial personal computer (31) is used for carrying out local heating according to set heat treatment parameters.

10. The local heat treatment system for the arc additive manufacturing structural part according to claim 9, wherein the heat treatment system further comprises a cooling device (33), the cooling device (33) is connected with a third industrial computer (31), and the third industrial computer (31) is used for controlling the cooling device (33) to perform cooling.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of electric arc additive manufacturing, and relates to a local heat treatment method and system for an electric arc additive manufacturing structural part.

Background

The electric arc additive manufacturing technology is characterized in that a metal welding wire is used as a raw material, a submerged arc welding mode is adopted, melted materials are stacked layer by layer according to a pre-designed path, and finally, solidification forming is carried out, so that large-size parts are formed. The electric arc additive manufacturing technology has the characteristics of high deposition efficiency, high wire material utilization rate, short overall manufacturing period, low cost and the like. Despite the many advantages of arc additive manufacturing, there are many drawbacks. Including porosity, residual stress, cracking, deformation, etc. These defects can seriously affect the mechanical properties and fatigue strength of the component, so the improvement of the mechanical properties of the arc additive manufacturing structural component is very important.

The heat treatment is a strengthening means widely applied to the electric arc material increase manufacturing of structural parts, and can effectively reduce residual stress and enhance the mechanical property of the structural parts. The structural characteristics and precipitated phases of the structural part are different due to different heat treatment temperatures, so that the structural property of the structural part is influenced.

For complex structural members, different residual stresses, cracks, air holes and the like exist in different areas after additive manufacturing and forming. Currently, the heat treatment of the existing additive manufacturing structural component adopts integral heat treatment. In the electric arc additive manufacturing process, the defects of larger residual stress, microcracks, air holes, deformation and the like are generated in the structural part due to long heat source traversing time, various accumulation paths, uneven temperature field distribution and the like. The integral heat treatment adopts the same temperature to carry out heat treatment on different defect areas of the structural member, and ignores the difference of the temperature required by the different defect areas for the heat treatment, so that the prior heat treatment method for the structural member can not lead the structural member to reach the optimal mechanical property state.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a local heat treatment method and a local heat treatment system for an arc additive manufacturing structural part, which solve the problem that the existing heat treatment method for the structural part cannot enable the structural part to reach the optimal mechanical property state.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a method of localized heat treatment of an arc additive manufactured structural component, comprising the steps of:

s1, performing numerical simulation treatment on the electric arc additive manufacturing structural component to be prepared to obtain the distribution and the stress value of the residual stress of the electric arc additive manufacturing structural component;

s2, manufacturing an electric arc additive manufacturing structural part according to the distribution of the residual stress and the stress value;

s3, carrying out nondestructive testing on the arc additive manufacturing structural component through magneto-optical imaging, judging the position of the arc additive manufacturing structural component with the defect, and obtaining a defect graph corresponding to the defect position;

s4, analyzing each defect graph to obtain corresponding defect types;

s5, determining heat treatment parameters of different areas by integrating the distribution of residual stress and the distribution of defect types;

and S6, performing heat treatment on the corresponding local part by using the heat treatment parameters.

Further, S2 specifically includes the following steps:

s2.1, establishing a three-dimensional model of the electric arc additive manufacturing structural part, and generating a slice file according to the three-dimensional model;

s2.2, editing a manufacturing path of the numerical model of the arc additive manufacturing structural component according to the distribution and the stress values of the residual stress obtained in the S1, and specifying the residual stress distribution of different areas in the arc additive manufacturing structural component;

and S2.3, the control system combines the slice file to carry out layer-by-layer surfacing according to the set parameters to prepare the electric arc additive manufacturing structural part.

Further, S3 specifically includes the following steps:

s3.1, firstly, exciting the arc additive manufacturing structural part;

s3.2, generating a magneto-optical image for the arc additive manufacturing structural part by using a magneto-optical imaging system;

and S3.3, analyzing the magneto-optical image to judge whether the arc additive manufacturing structural component has defects or not, and if the arc additive manufacturing structural component has the defects, obtaining the defect parts and defect graphs corresponding to the defect parts.

Further, S4 specifically is:

inputting the defect graph into a preset heterogeneous integrated learner, and generating and outputting a classification result through voting in the heterogeneous integrated learner to obtain a defect detection result and a defect type identification result.

The invention also discloses a local heat treatment system of the arc additive manufacturing structural part, which comprises an arc additive manufacturing system, a magneto-optical imaging system, image analysis equipment and a heat treatment system;

the electric arc additive manufacturing system is used for carrying out numerical simulation treatment on an electric arc additive manufacturing structural component to be prepared to obtain the distribution and the stress values of the residual stress of the electric arc additive manufacturing structural component, and manufacturing the electric arc additive manufacturing structural component according to the distribution and the stress values of the residual stress;

the magneto-optical imaging system is used for carrying out nondestructive testing on the electric arc additive manufacturing structural part, judging the position of the electric arc additive manufacturing structural part with the defect, and obtaining a defect graph corresponding to the defect position;

the image analysis equipment is used for analyzing and processing each defect graph to obtain a corresponding defect type;

and the heat treatment system is used for determining heat treatment parameters of different areas according to the distribution of the comprehensive residual stress and the distribution of the defect types and carrying out heat treatment on the corresponding local parts by using the heat treatment parameters.

Further, the electric arc additive manufacturing system comprises a first industrial personal computer, a robot, a welding gun and a substrate, wherein the industrial personal computer is connected with the robot, and the robot is connected with the welding gun and used for controlling the moving track of the welding gun; the substrate is arranged below the welding gun and used for placing the printed electric arc additive manufacturing structural part;

the first industrial personal computer is used for carrying out numerical simulation treatment on the electric arc additive manufacturing structural part to be prepared to obtain the distribution and the stress value of the residual stress of the electric arc additive manufacturing structural part; editing a manufacturing path of the numerical model of the arc additive manufacturing structural component, and specifying residual stress distribution of different areas in the arc additive manufacturing structural component; and controlling the robot to move according to the set parameters, and driving the welding gun to print layer by the robot to prepare the electric arc additive manufacturing structural part.

Further, the magneto-optical imaging system comprises a second industrial personal computer, a motion platform, an excitation power supply, a rotating magnetic field, a magneto-optical sensor and image acquisition equipment;

the moving platform is provided with a clamp used for fixedly clamping the electric arc additive manufacturing structural part;

the second industrial personal computer is connected with the motion platform and used for controlling the motion track of the motion platform;

the excitation power supply is connected with the rotating magnetic field and is used for controlling the starting and stopping of the magnetic field of the rotating magnetic field;

the magneto-optical sensor is placed on the electric arc additive manufacturing structural part, and the image acquisition equipment is connected with the magneto-optical sensor and used for acquiring defect images.

Further, the image analysis device is connected with the image acquisition device and used for analyzing and processing each defect graph to obtain a corresponding defect type.

Further, the heat treatment system comprises a third industrial personal computer and a heating device, and the heating device is connected with the third industrial personal computer;

the heating device is arranged at a position where the electric arc additive manufacturing structural part has defects, and the third industrial personal computer is used for carrying out local heating according to set heat treatment parameters.

Further, the heat treatment system further comprises a cooling device, the cooling device is connected with a third industrial personal computer, and the third industrial personal computer is used for controlling the cooling device to cool.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

the invention discloses a local heat treatment method for an electric arc additive manufacturing structural part, which applies local heat treatment and magneto-optical imaging technologies to the electric arc additive manufacturing process, combines with numerical simulation, and generates uniform residual compressive stress for the electric arc additive manufacturing structural part according to the residual stress and the air hole crack condition real-time heat treatment parameters of different areas, so that the surface residual compressive stress is reasonably distributed, the occurrence of crack deformation and other conditions is reduced, the mechanical properties of the structural part such as the overall strength, the hardness, the wear resistance and the like are improved, and the structural part with good forming quality is obtained. According to the invention, the arc additive manufacturing structural part is excited and the magneto-optical image of the arc additive manufacturing structural part is acquired, so that the image can be ensured to contain all defect information in the arc additive manufacturing structural part test piece, and the detection precision and accuracy are improved; the magneto-optical image is detected and the defect type is identified by adopting an ensemble learning algorithm, so that effective detection can be realized when the magneto-optical image only contains few defect information; according to the invention, through local heat treatment, the problems that the residual stress cannot be reduced due to too low temperature, the structural part deforms due to too high temperature, the mechanical property of the material is reduced, new residual stress and other defects such as cracks are generated in the process that the same heat treatment temperature acts on the whole material increase manufacturing structural part are solved.

The invention further discloses a local heat treatment system of the electric arc additive manufacturing structural part, which comprises the electric arc additive manufacturing system, a magneto-optical imaging system, an image analysis device and a heat treatment system, wherein the electric arc additive manufacturing system, the magneto-optical imaging system, the image analysis device and the heat treatment system are connected together, the heat treatment system is completed by utilizing the existing mature equipment component, the production cost is low, the local heat treatment device can carry out heating in a small range when heating the structural part, different parts can be heated at different temperatures through program control, the parts needing to be heated are adjusted to proper temperatures to carry out effective heating, and the influence on the parts not needing to be heated is small.

Furthermore, the heat treatment system is additionally provided with a cooling device which is controlled by an industrial control machine, and different cooling methods are quickly and accurately selected according to different stages of judging the heating device controlled by the same industrial control machine, so that the cooling speed and the temperature to be cooled can be accurately controlled.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of localized heat treatment of an arc additive manufactured structural component of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a connection of an additive manufacturing system employed by the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a connection of the magneto-optical imaging system;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the connection of a localized heat treatment system.

The device comprises a first industrial personal computer 11, a robot 12, a substrate 13, a welding gun 14 and an electric arc additive manufacturing structural part 15, wherein the first industrial personal computer is a first industrial personal computer;

a second industrial personal computer 21, a motion platform 22, a rotating magnetic field 23, a magneto-optical sensor 24, an excitation power supply 25, image acquisition equipment 26, a clamp 27 and image analysis equipment 28;

31 is a third industrial personal computer, 32 is a heating device, and 33 is a cooling device.

Detailed Description

The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the invention.

As shown in fig. 1, the invention discloses a local heat treatment method for an arc additive manufacturing structural part, which comprises the following steps:

s1, performing numerical simulation processing on the electric arc additive manufacturing structural component 15 to be prepared to obtain the distribution and the stress value of the residual stress of the electric arc additive manufacturing structural component 15;

s2, manufacturing the arc additive manufacturing structural part 15 according to the distribution of the residual stress and the stress value;

s3, carrying out nondestructive testing on the arc additive manufacturing structural component 15 through magneto-optical imaging, judging the position of the arc additive manufacturing structural component 15 with the defect, and obtaining a defect graph corresponding to the defect position;

s4, analyzing each defect graph to obtain corresponding defect types;

s5, determining heat treatment parameters of different areas by integrating the distribution of residual stress and the distribution of defect types;

and S6, performing heat treatment on the corresponding local part by using the heat treatment parameters.

More preferably, S2 specifically includes the following steps:

s2.1, establishing a three-dimensional model of the electric arc additive manufacturing structural part 15, and generating a slice file according to the three-dimensional model;

s2.2, editing the manufacturing path of the numerical model of the arc additive manufacturing structural component 15 according to the distribution and the stress value of the residual stress obtained in the S1, and specifying the residual stress distribution of different areas in the arc additive manufacturing structural component 15;

and S2.3, the control system combines the slice file to carry out layer-by-layer surfacing according to the set parameters to prepare the electric arc additive manufacturing structural part 15.

More preferably, S3 specifically includes the following steps:

s3.1, firstly, exciting the arc additive manufacturing structural part 15;

s3.2, generating a magneto-optical image for the arc additive manufacturing structural part 15 by using a magneto-optical imaging system;

and S3.3, analyzing the magneto-optical image to judge whether the arc additive manufacturing structural component 15 has defects, and if so, obtaining defect parts and defect patterns corresponding to the defect parts.

More preferably, S4 is specifically:

inputting the defect graph into a preset heterogeneous integrated learner, and generating and outputting a classification result through voting in the heterogeneous integrated learner to obtain a defect detection result and a defect type identification result.

The invention also discloses a local heat treatment system of the arc additive manufacturing structural part, which comprises an arc additive manufacturing system, a magneto-optical imaging system, an image analysis device 28 and a heat treatment system;

the electric arc additive manufacturing system is used for performing numerical simulation treatment on the electric arc additive manufacturing structural component 15 to be prepared to obtain the distribution and the stress values of the residual stress of the electric arc additive manufacturing structural component 15, and manufacturing the electric arc additive manufacturing structural component 15 according to the distribution and the stress values of the residual stress;

the magneto-optical imaging system is used for carrying out nondestructive testing on the electric arc additive manufacturing structural part 15, judging a part with a defect on the electric arc additive manufacturing structural part 15 and obtaining a defect graph corresponding to the defect part;

the image analysis device 28 is used for analyzing and processing each defect graph to obtain a corresponding defect type;

and the heat treatment system is used for determining heat treatment parameters of different areas according to the distribution of the comprehensive residual stress and the distribution of the defect types and carrying out heat treatment on the corresponding local parts by using the heat treatment parameters.

As shown in fig. 2, the arc additive manufacturing system includes a first industrial personal computer 11, a robot 12, a welding gun 14, and a substrate 13, the industrial personal computer is connected to the robot 12, and the robot 12 is connected to the welding gun 14 and is configured to control a movement track of the welding gun 14; the substrate 13 is arranged below the welding gun 14 and used for placing the printed electric arc additive manufacturing structural part 15;

the first industrial personal computer 11 performs numerical simulation processing on the electric arc additive manufacturing structural part 15 to be prepared to obtain the distribution and the stress value of the residual stress of the electric arc additive manufacturing structural part 15; editing a manufacturing path of the numerical model of the arc additive manufacturing structural component 15, and specifying residual stress distribution of different areas in the arc additive manufacturing structural component 15; and controlling the robot 12 to move according to the set parameters, and driving the welding gun 14 to print layer by the robot 12 to prepare the electric arc additive manufacturing structural part 15.

The first industrial personal computer 11 mainly controls the arc additive manufacturing process, controls the robot 12 to control the movement of the welding gun 14, the start and stop of the arc welding power supply and the wire feeding system, and finally generates the arc additive manufacturing structural member 15 on the substrate 13.

As shown in fig. 3, the magneto-optical imaging system includes a second industrial personal computer 21, a motion platform 22, an excitation power supply 25, a rotating magnetic field 23, a magneto-optical sensor 24, and an image acquisition device 26; the moving platform 22 is provided with a clamp 27 for fixedly clamping the arc additive manufacturing structural part 15; the second industrial personal computer 21 is connected with the motion platform 22 and used for controlling the motion track of the motion platform 22; the excitation power supply 25 is connected with the rotating magnetic field 23 and is used for controlling the magnetic field of the rotating magnetic field 23 to start and stop; a magneto-optical sensor 24 is placed on the arc additive manufacturing structure 15 and an image acquisition device 26 is connected to the magneto-optical sensor 24 for acquiring defect images.

The arc additive manufacturing structure 15 is fixed on the moving platform 22 through a clamp 27 on the moving platform 22, the arc additive manufacturing structure 15 is excited through the rotating magnetic field 23, finally, the image acquisition device 26 acquires a defect image through the magneto-optical sensor 24, the image acquisition device 26 sends the defect image to the image analysis device 28, and the image analysis device 28 analyzes the defect image. The second industrial personal computer 21 mainly controls the motion of the motion platform 22, and the excitation power supply 25 controls the start and stop of the variable magnetic field.

As shown in fig. 4, the heat treatment system includes a third industrial personal computer 31 and a heating device 32, and the heating device 32 is connected to the third industrial personal computer 31; the heating device 32 is disposed at a defective portion of the arc additive manufacturing structure 15, and the third industrial personal computer 31 performs local heating according to the set heat treatment parameters.

Preferably, the heat treatment system further comprises a cooling device 33, the cooling device 33 is connected with the third industrial personal computer 31, and the third industrial personal computer 31 controls the cooling device 33 to perform cooling. Cooling is also an indispensable step in the heat treatment process, and the cooling method is different according to different processes and mainly controls the cooling speed. Generally, the cooling speed of annealing is the slowest, the cooling speed of normalizing is faster, and the cooling speed of quenching is faster.

The cooling device 33 of the invention is controlled by a program, and different cooling methods are quickly and accurately selected according to different stages of judging the heating device 32 controlled by the same industrial control machine.