阅读说明：本技术 与协调基站进行并行波束成形训练 (Parallel beamforming training with coordinated base stations ) 是由 王继兵 埃里克·理查德·施陶费尔 于 2020-03-24 设计创作，主要内容包括：本文档描述了用于与协调基站进行并行波束成形训练的技术和装置。特别地,用户设备(UE)(110)使用时分复用(TDM)来执行与协调集(302)中的多个基站(121、122和123)进行并行波束成形训练。TDM交织与不同基站相关联的波束成形训练信号。换句话说,与第一基站(121)相关联的至少一个波束成形训练信号出现在与第二基站(123)相关联的两个波束成形训练信号之间。波束成形训练信号的示例类型包括下行链路导频信号(310)、上行链路反馈信号(320)、上行链路导频信号(330)和下行链路反馈信号(340)。在一些情形下,不同类型的波束成形训练信号被基于信道条件改变的预期速率进一步交织在一起。通过交织波束成形训练信号,能够形成窄波束以在小区边缘处支持毫米波(mmW)通信。(This document describes techniques and apparatuses for parallel beamforming training with a coordinating base station. In particular, a User Equipment (UE) (110) performs parallel beamforming training with multiple base stations (121, 122, and 123) in a coordination set (302) using Time Division Multiplexing (TDM). TDM interleaves beamforming training signals associated with different base stations. In other words, at least one beamforming training signal associated with the first base station (121) occurs between two beamforming training signals associated with the second base station (123). Example types of beamforming training signals include a downlink pilot signal (310), an uplink feedback signal (320), an uplink pilot signal (330), and a downlink feedback signal (340). In some cases, different types of beamforming training signals are further interleaved together based on an expected rate of change of channel conditions. By interleaving the beamforming training signals, narrow beams can be formed to support millimeter wave (mmW) communication at the cell edge.)

1. A method for a user equipment, the method comprising the user equipment:

receiving a first downlink pilot signal from a first base station in the coordination set;

generating a first uplink feedback signal based on the first downlink pilot signal;

receiving a second downlink pilot signal from a second base station within the coordination set;

generating a second uplink feedback signal based on the second downlink pilot signal;

transmitting the first uplink feedback signal to the first base station and the second uplink feedback signal to the second base station in a first pattern that interleaves a first transmission time of the first uplink feedback signal with a second transmission time of the second uplink feedback signal; and

performing parallel beamforming training with the first base station and the second base station according to the first pattern.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein:

the first uplink feedback signals respectively correspond to the first downlink pilot signals;

the second uplink feedback signals respectively correspond to the second downlink pilot signals; and is

A first reception time of the first downlink pilot signal and a second reception time of the second downlink pilot signal are interleaved together, wherein a second pattern represents interleaving of the first downlink pilot signal and the second downlink pilot signal,

the method further comprises:

determining the first pattern based on the second pattern such that the first uplink feedback signal is interleaved with the second uplink feedback signal based on an interleaving of the first downlink pilot signal with the second downlink pilot signal.

3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:

receiving a scheduling configuration message from the first base station, the scheduling configuration message specifying a first time delay and a second time delay, wherein:

a first transmission time of the first uplink feedback signal is interleaved with a first reception time of the first downlink pilot signal based on the first time delay; and

a second transmission time of the second uplink feedback signal is interleaved with a second reception time of the second downlink pilot signal based on the second time delay.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein:

the first time delay is equal to the second time delay.

5. The method of any preceding claim, further comprising:

determining a first beamforming configuration for the first uplink feedback signal; and

determining a second beamforming configuration for the second uplink feedback signal, wherein:

the transmission of the first uplink feedback signal uses the first beamforming configuration; and is

The transmission of the second uplink feedback signal uses the second beamforming configuration.

6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:

receiving a scheduling configuration message from the first base station, the scheduling configuration message comprising the first beamforming configuration and the second beamforming configuration.

7. The method of any preceding claim, wherein:

the receiving of the first downlink pilot signal comprises determining a first unique identifier of the first downlink pilot signal based on the first downlink pilot signal;

the generation of the first uplink feedback signal comprises incorporating the first unique identifier;

the receiving of the second downlink pilot signal comprises determining a second unique identifier for the second downlink pilot signal based on the second downlink pilot signal; and

the generation of the second uplink feedback signal includes incorporating the second unique identifier.

8. The method of any preceding claim, further comprising:

generating a first uplink pilot signal;

generating a second uplink pilot signal; and

transmitting the first uplink pilot signal to the first base station and the second uplink pilot signal to the second base station based on a third pattern that interleaves a third transmission time of the first uplink pilot signal with a fourth transmission time of the second uplink pilot signal.

9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:

receiving an aggregate downlink feedback signal from the first base station, the aggregate downlink feedback signal comprising first feedback information from the first base station based on the first uplink pilot signal and second feedback information from the second base station based on the second uplink pilot signal.

10. The method of claim 8 or 9, further comprising:

determining the third pattern based on a fourth pattern that interleaves a first reception time of the first downlink pilot signal with a second reception time of the second downlink pilot signal.

11. A method for a user equipment, the method comprising the user equipment:

determining a first beamforming configuration and a second beamforming configuration based on one or more signals received from one or more base stations within a coordination set, the one or more base stations including a first base station and a second base station;

transmitting a first uplink pilot signal to the first base station using the first beamforming configuration and a second uplink pilot signal to the second base station using the second beamforming configuration, the transmission of the first and second uplink pilot signals being based on a first pattern interleaving a first transmission time of the first uplink pilot signal with a second transmission time of the second uplink pilot signal; and

performing parallel beamforming training with the first base station and the second base station according to the first pattern.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein:

the determination of the first beamforming configuration and the second beamforming configuration comprises receiving a scheduling configuration message from the first base station, the scheduling configuration message comprising the first beamforming configuration and the second beamforming configuration.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein:

the scheduling configuration message specifies the first pattern.

14. The method of claim 11 or 12, further comprising:

receiving a first downlink pilot signal from the first base station;

receiving a second downlink pilot signal from the second base station, a first reception time of the first downlink pilot signal being interleaved with a second reception time of the second downlink pilot signal, a second pattern representing an interleaving of the first downlink pilot signal with the second downlink pilot signal; and

determining the first pattern based on the second pattern such that the first uplink pilot signal is interleaved with the second uplink pilot signal based on an interleaving of the first downlink pilot signal with the second downlink pilot signal.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein:

the determination of the first beamforming configuration uses first angle-of-arrival information for the first downlink pilot signal; and is

The determination of the second beamforming configuration uses second angle-of-arrival information for the second downlink pilot signal.

16. The method of claim 14 or 15, further comprising:

generating a first uplink feedback signal based on the first downlink pilot signal;

generating a second uplink feedback signal based on the second downlink pilot signal; and

transmitting the first uplink feedback signal to the first base station and the second uplink feedback signal to the second base station in a third pattern that interleaves a third transmission time of the first uplink feedback signal with a fourth transmission time of the second uplink feedback signal.

17. The method according to any one of claims 14-16, further comprising:

determining first feedback information based on the first downlink pilot signal;

determining second feedback information based on the second downlink pilot signal; and

transmitting an aggregated uplink feedback signal to the first base station, the aggregated uplink feedback signal including the first feedback information and the second feedback information.

18. The method according to any one of claims 11-17, further comprising:

receiving first downlink feedback signals from the first base station, the first downlink feedback signals corresponding to the first uplink pilot signals, respectively; and

receiving second downlink feedback signals from the second base stations, the second downlink feedback signals respectively corresponding to the second uplink pilot signals,

wherein a first receive time of the first downlink feedback signal is interleaved with a second receive time of the second downlink feedback signal based on an interleaving of the first uplink pilot signal with the second uplink pilot signal.

19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:

generating the first uplink pilot signal to include a first unique identifier;

demodulating the first downlink feedback signal to extract a first demodulated unique identifier;

associating the first downlink feedback signal with a corresponding first uplink pilot signal based on the first unique identifier and the first demodulated unique identifier;

generating the second uplink pilot signal to include a second unique identifier;

demodulating the second downlink feedback signal to extract a second demodulated unique identifier; and

associating the second downlink feedback signal with a corresponding second uplink pilot signal based on the second unique identifier and the second demodulated unique identifier.

20. A user equipment, the user equipment comprising:

a radio frequency transceiver; and

a processor and a memory system configured to perform the method of any one of claims 1-19.

21. A computer-readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause an apparatus comprising the processor to perform the method of any of claims 1-19.

Background

Cellular and other wireless networks are able to increase transmission rates and throughput for newer generations of wireless communications, such as fifth generation new radios (5 GNRs), by using signals with higher frequencies and shorter wavelengths relative to signals used for earlier generations of wireless communications. These signals can have frequencies at or near the Extremely High Frequency (EHF) spectrum (e.g., frequencies greater than 24 gigahertz (GHz)) at wavelengths at or near one to ten millimeters (mmW).

However, there are various technical challenges associated with using mmW signals, such as higher path loss experienced by mmW signals compared to earlier generation signals. The higher path loss may make it difficult for the base station to receive mmW signals transmitted by distant devices. Therefore, there is an opportunity to increase the effective communication range of mmW transmissions.

Disclosure of Invention

Techniques and apparatus for parallel beamforming training with a coordinating base station are described. In particular, a User Equipment (UE) uses Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) to perform parallel beamforming training with multiple base stations within a set of coordinated base stations called a "coordination set". TDM interleaves beamforming training signals associated with different base stations within the coordination set. In other words, at least one beamforming training signal associated with a first base station of the coordination set occurs between two beamforming training signals associated with a second base station of the coordination set. In one implementation, the first base station continuously transmits two beamforming training signals — without other intermediate beamforming training signals. In another implementation, the first base station and the second base station alternate between transmitting different beamforming training signals. Example types of beamforming training signals include downlink pilot signals, uplink feedback signals, uplink pilot signals, and downlink feedback signals. In some cases, different types of beamforming training signals are further interleaved together based on an expected rate of change of channel conditions. By interleaving the beamforming training signals using TDM, narrow beams can be formed to support millimeter wave (mmW) communication at the cell edge.

The following aspects include a method performed by a UE. The method comprises the following steps: receiving a first downlink pilot signal from a first base station in the coordination set; and generating a first uplink feedback signal based on the first downlink pilot signal. The method further comprises the following steps: receiving a second downlink pilot signal from a second base station in the coordination set; and generating a second uplink feedback signal based on the second downlink pilot signal. The method additionally comprises: the first uplink feedback signal is transmitted to the first base station and the second uplink feedback signal is transmitted to the second base station in a first pattern that interleaves a first transmission time of the first uplink feedback signal with a second transmission time of the second uplink feedback signal. The method further comprises the following steps: performing parallel beamforming training with the first base station and the second base station according to the first pattern.

The following aspects include a method performed by a UE. The method comprises the following steps: the first beamforming configuration and the second beamforming configuration are determined based on one or more signals received from one or more base stations within the coordination set. The one or more base stations include a first base station and a second base station. The method further comprises the following steps: the first base station is configured to transmit a first uplink pilot signal using the first beamforming configuration and to transmit a second uplink pilot signal using the second beamforming configuration. The transmission of the first uplink pilot signal and the second uplink pilot signal is based on a first pattern that interleaves a first transmission time of the first uplink pilot signal with a second transmission time of the second uplink pilot signal. The method additionally comprises: performing parallel beamforming training with the first base station and the second base station according to the first pattern.

The following aspects include a UE having a radio frequency transceiver. The UE also includes a processor and a memory system configured to perform any of the methods.

The following aspects also include a system having means for performing parallel beamforming training with a coordinating base station by interleaving one or more types of beamforming training signals across different base stations within a coordination set.

Drawings

Apparatus and techniques for parallel beamforming training with a coordinating base station are described with reference to the following figures. The same numbers are used throughout the drawings to reference like features and components:

fig. 1 illustrates an example wireless network environment in which parallel beamforming training with a coordinating base station can be implemented.

Fig. 2 illustrates an example device diagram of a user device and a base station for parallel beamforming training with a coordinating base station.

Fig. 3 illustrates example communication signals for parallel beamforming training with a coordinating base station.

Fig. 4 illustrates an example interleaving pattern for pilot signals and feedback signals for parallel beamforming training with a coordinating base station.

Fig. 5 illustrates other example interleaving patterns for pilot and feedback signals for parallel beamforming training with a coordinating base station.

Fig. 6 illustrates additional example interleaving patterns for pilot signals and feedback signals for parallel beamforming training with a coordinating base station.

Fig. 7 illustrates details of example signaling for parallel beamforming training with a coordinating base station.

Fig. 8 illustrates an example method for a user equipment performing parallel beamforming training with a coordinating base station.

Fig. 9 illustrates another example method for a user equipment for parallel beamforming training with a coordinating base station.

Fig. 10 illustrates an example method of a coordinating base station for parallel beamforming training with a user equipment.

Fig. 11 illustrates another example method of a coordinating base station for parallel beamforming training with a user equipment.

Detailed Description

SUMMARY

To compensate for at least a portion of the path loss experienced by the mmW signals, a User Equipment (UE) can use beamforming to form a narrow beam based on the beamwidth and angle of the main lobe that concentrates energy in the direction of the base station. Narrow beams can increase transmit signal strength or increase receive sensitivity. To meet size and power constraints, the UE can use analog beamforming or hybrid beamforming to form narrow beams using fewer transceiver chains relative to the amount of transceiver chains required for digital beamforming, but of course, the UE can use any available beamforming methodology. While narrow beams improve the effective communication range of a UE, communication with other devices or base stations may not be possible unless both the transmit and receive beams are directed toward each other and have large gains. Thus, it may be difficult for the UE to simultaneously form other beams to support parallel communications with other devices or base stations.

Without parallel communication, it may take a significant amount of time for the UE to perform a sequential beamforming training procedure with multiple base stations. During this elapsed time, changes in the communication channel between the UE and one of the base stations may cause the results of the beamforming training process with that base station to become outdated before the sequence of beamforming training processes is completed.

To address this challenge, techniques are described for implementing parallel beamforming training using coordinated base stations. In particular, the UE performs parallel beamforming training with multiple base stations within a set of coordinated base stations called a "coordination set" using Time Division Multiplexing (TDM). TDM interleaves beamforming training signals associated with different base stations within the coordination set. In other words, at least one beamforming training signal associated with a first base station of the coordination set occurs between two beamforming training signals associated with a second base station of the coordination set. In one implementation, the first base station continuously transmits two beamforming training signals — without other intermediate beamforming training signals. In another implementation, the first base station and the second base station alternate between transmitting different beamforming training signals. Example types of beamforming training signals include downlink pilot signals, uplink feedback signals, uplink pilot signals, and downlink feedback signals. In some cases, different types of beamforming training signals are further interleaved together based on an expected rate of change of channel conditions. By interleaving the beamformed training signals using TDM, narrow beams can be formed to support mmW communication at the cell edge.

The term "parallel beamforming training" as used herein generally refers to a process of simultaneously optimizing beamforming configurations for communication between a UE and multiple base stations. Beamforming training is "parallel" in the sense that it is performed simultaneously (rather than at separate times) for each of a plurality of wireless communication links between a UE and a plurality of respective base stations. Parallel beamforming training using interleaved pilot signals and/or interleaved feedback signals is particularly advantageous in rapidly changing channel conditions because it can reduce the time between transmitting pilot signals and updating beamforming configurations.

Example Environment

Fig. 1 illustrates an example environment 100 in which parallel beamforming training with a coordinating base station can be implemented. Environment 100 includes a plurality of user equipment 110(UE 110) illustrated as UE 111, UE 112, and UE 113. Each UE 110 communicates with one or more base stations 120 (illustrated as base stations 121, 122, 123, and 124) over one or more wireless communication links 130 (wireless links 130), illustrated as wireless links 131 and 132. For simplicity, the UE 110 can be implemented as a smartphone, but may also be implemented as any suitable computing or electronic device, such as a mobile communication device, a modem, a cellular phone, a gaming device, a navigation device, a media device, a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a tablet computer, a smart appliance, an in-vehicle communication system, or an internet of things (IoT) device such as a sensor or actuator. The base stations 120 can be implemented in macro cells, micro cells, small cells, pico cells, and the like, or any combination thereof (e.g., evolved universal terrestrial radio access network node B, E-UTRAN node B, evolved node B, eNodeB, eNB, next generation evolved node B, ng-eNB, next generation node B, enode B, gNB, and the like).

Base station 120 communicates with UE 110 using wireless links 131 and 132, and these wireless links 131 and 132 may be implemented as any suitable type of wireless link. Wireless links 131 and 132 include control and data communications, such as a downlink for data and control information transmitted from base station 120 to UE 110, an uplink for other data and control information transmitted from UE 110 to base station 120, or both. The wireless link 130 includes one or more wireless links (e.g., radio links) or bearers implemented using any suitable communication protocol or standard or combination of communication protocols or standards, such as third generation partnership project long term evolution (3GPP LTE), long term evolution enhancement (LTE), fifth generation new radio (5G NR), fourth generation (4G) standards, and so forth. Multiple radio links 130 can be aggregated using carrier aggregation to provide higher data rates for UE 110. Multiple radio links 130 from multiple base stations 120 can be configured for coordinated multipoint (CoMP) communication with UE 110.

The base stations 120 are collectively radio access networks 140 (e.g., RAN, evolved Universal terrestrial radio Access network, E-UTRAN, 5G NR RAN, or NR RAN) each using a Radio Access Technology (RAT). RAN 140 includes NR RAN 141 and E-UTRAN 142. In fig. 1, the core network 190 includes a fifth generation core (5GC) network 150(5GC 150) and an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) network 160(EPC 160), which are different types of core networks. The base stations 121 and 123 in the NR RAN 141 are connected to the 5GC 150. Base stations 122 and 124 in E-UTRAN 142 are connected to EPC 160. Alternatively or additionally, base station 122 is connected to both the 5GC 150 and EPC 160 networks.

Base stations 121 and 123 are connected to 5GC 150 at 102 and 104, respectively, through a NG2 interface for control plane signaling and using a NG3 interface for user plane data communications. Base stations 122 and 124 connect to EPC 160 at 106 and 108, respectively, using the S1 interface for control plane signaling and user plane data communications. Alternatively or additionally, if base station 122 is connected to 5GC 150 and EPC 160 network, base station 122 connects to 5GC 150 at 180 using a NG2 interface for control plane signaling and through a NG3 interface for user plane data communications.

In addition to the connection to the core network 190, the base stations 120 are able to communicate with each other. For example, base stations 121 and 123 communicate over an Xn interface at 103, base stations 122 and 123 communicate over an Xn interface at 105, and base stations 122 and 124 communicate over an X2 interface at 107.

The 5GC 150 includes an access and mobility management function 152(AMF 152) that provides control plane functions such as registration and authentication of multiple UEs 110, authorization, and mobility management in a 5G NR network. The EPC 160 includes a mobility management entity 162(MME 162) that provides control plane functions such as registration and authentication of multiple UEs 110, authorization, or mobility management in an E-UTRAN network. AMF 152 and MME 162 communicate with base station 120 in RAN 140 and also communicate with a plurality of UEs 110 using base station 120.

In environment 100, base stations 121, 122, and 123 form a coordination set 170. In general, the coordination set 170 includes two or more base stations 120 coordinating scheduling in order to improve communications with the UE 110. In some cases, the coordination set 170 supports CoMP, dual connectivity (including multi-RAT or single RAT DC), or MIMO. With multi-RAT dual connectivity (MR-DC), UE 110 is connected to 5GC 150 via base stations 121 and 122, either of which 121 and 122 can operate as a primary or secondary node. With single RAT DC, UE 110 is connected to 5GC 150 via base stations 121 and 123. The components of UE 110 and base station 120 are further described with respect to fig. 2.

Example apparatus

Fig. 2 illustrates an example device diagram 200 for UE 110 and base station 120. UE 110 and base station 120 can include additional functions and interfaces that are omitted from fig. 2 for clarity. UE 110 includes an antenna 202, a Radio Frequency (RF) front end 204(RF front end 204), an LTE transceiver 206, and a 5G NR transceiver 208 for communicating with one or more base stations 120 in RAN 140. RF front end 204 couples or connects LTE transceiver 206 and 5G NR transceiver 208 to antenna 202 to facilitate various types of wireless communication. The antenna 202 can include an array of multiple antennas configured to be similar to or different from each other. The antenna 202 and RF front end 204 can be tuned to one or more frequency bands defined by the 3GPP LTE and 5G NR communication standards and implemented by the LTE transceiver 206 and/or the 5G NR transceiver 208.

The UE 110 also includes one or more processors 210 and a computer-readable storage medium 212(CRM 212). The processor 210 may be a single core processor or a multi-core processor composed of various materials such as silicon, polysilicon, high-K dielectric, copper, etc. The computer-readable storage media excludes propagated signals, and the CRM 212 comprises any suitable memory or storage device, such as Random Access Memory (RAM), static RAM (sram), dynamic RAM (dram), non-volatile RAM (nvram), read-only memory (ROM), or flash memory, which may be used to store device data 214 for the UE 110. Device data 214 includes user data for UE 110, multimedia data, beamforming codebooks, applications, and/or operating systems that may be executed by processor 210 to enable user plane communications, control plane signaling, and user interaction with UE 110.

The CRM 212 also includes a beamforming training module 216. Alternatively or additionally, beamforming training module 216 can be implemented in whole or in part as hardware logic or circuitry integrated with or separate from other components of UE 110. The beamforming training module 216 interleaves, over time, execution of beamforming training protocols for two or more base stations 120 within the coordination set 170, as further described with respect to fig. 3-6.

The device diagram of the base station 120 comprises a single network node (e.g., a gNB). The functionality of the base station 120 can be distributed across multiple network nodes or devices in any manner suitable for performing the described functions. Base station 120 includes an antenna 252, a Radio Frequency (RF) front end 254, one or more LTE transceivers 256, and/or one or more 5G NR transceivers 258 for communicating with UE 110. The RF front end 254 couples or connects the LTE transceiver 256 and the 5G NR transceiver 258 to the antenna 252 to facilitate various types of wireless communication. The antenna 252 can include an array of multiple antennas configured similar to or different from each other. The antenna 252 and the RF front end 254 can be tuned to one or more frequency bands defined by the 3GPP LTE and 5G NR communication standards and implemented by the LTE transceiver 256 and/or the 5G NR transceiver 258. Additionally, the antennas 252, the RF front end 254, the LTE transceiver 256, and/or the 5G NR transceiver 258 can support beamforming, such as massive MIMO, for transmission and reception of communications with the UE 110.

Base station 120 also includes one or more processors 260 and computer-readable storage media 262(CRM 262). The processor 260 may be a single core processor or a multi-core processor composed of various materials such as silicon, polysilicon, high-K dielectric, copper, etc. The CRM 262 includes any suitable memory or storage device as described with respect to the CRM 212. The CRM 262 stores device data 264 for the base station 120. Device data 264 includes network scheduling data, radio resource management data, beamforming codebooks, applications, and/or operating systems for base station 120, which may be executed by processor 260 to enable communication with UE 110.

The CRM 262 also includes a beamforming training module 266. Alternatively or additionally, the beamforming training module 266 can be implemented in whole or in part as hardware logic or circuitry integrated with or separate from other components of the base station 120. In at least some aspects, beamforming training module 266 configures LTE transceiver 256 and 5G NR transceiver 258 for communication with UE 110 and with core network 190. Beamforming training module 266 enables performance of beamforming training protocols with UE 110 to be interleaved with one or more other beamforming training protocols performed by one or more other base stations within coordination set 170, as further described with respect to fig. 3-6.

The base station 120 includes an inter-base station interface 268, such as an Xn interface and/or an X2 interface, to exchange user plane data and control plane data with another base station 120 and to coordinate communications between the base station 120 and the UE 110. The base station 120 also includes a core network interface 270 to exchange information with core network functions and entities.

Beamforming training module 216 of UE 110 and beamforming training module 266 of base station 120 are capable of implementing, at least in part, parallel beamforming training. Fig. 7 illustrates example signaling that can be performed using the beamforming training modules 216 and 266. Fig. 3 illustrates another example environment in which parallel beamforming training with a coordinating base station can occur.

Parallel beamforming training with coordinated base stations

Fig. 3 illustrates example communication signals for parallel beamforming training with a coordinating base station. In the example environment 300, the UE 110 is physically located between base stations 121, 123, and 125 as part of the coordination set 302. In some cases, UE 110 can be located at an edge of a cell associated with base stations 121, 123, and 125. Base stations 121 and 123 represent a gNB, as shown in FIG. 1. Base station 125 may be another gNB or eNB, such as base station 122. Generally, the coordination set 302 includes two or more base stations 120 coordinating scheduling in order to improve communications with the UE 110. In some cases, the coordination set 302 supports CoMP, dual connectivity (including multi-RAT or single RAT DC), or MIMO, as described above with respect to the coordination set 170 of fig. 1.

UE 110 performs a beamforming training protocol with each of base stations 121, 123, and 125. The beamforming training protocol determines a pair of transmit and receive beamforming configurations that optimize (e.g., maximize, increase, or produce a large amount of) the channel gain. Increasing the channel gain facilitates mmW wireless communication by compensating for at least a portion of the path loss. The beamforming configuration can specify any one or more of the following: a direction of the main lobe, a beam width of the main lobe, a gain of the main lobe, a quantity of the main lobe, or a Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI). The beamforming configuration can also specify beamforming parameters (e.g., weights and phase offsets) for adjusting signals associated with different antenna elements of the antenna array. The beamforming training protocol can include both downlink beamforming training and uplink beamforming training or beamforming training in only one direction.

For downlink beamforming training, each base station 121, 123, and 125 transmits a plurality of downlink pilot signals 310. In exemplary environment 300, base station 121 transmits downlink pilot signals 311, 312, and 313, base station 123 transmits downlink pilot signals 314, 315, and 316, and base station 125 transmits downlink pilot signals 317, 318, and 319. The downlink pilot signal 310 (e.g., 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 319) is a reference signal and can have a unique beamforming configuration. For purposes of illustration, three downlink pilot signals are illustrated, however implementations may have any plurality of downlink pilot signals with various beamforming configurations. The beamforming configuration can scan the main lobe of the downlink pilot signal 310 across a spatial region or vary the beamwidth and direction of the main lobe across different downlink pilot signals 310. As further described with respect to fig. 4, the base stations 121, 123, and 125 use TDM to interleave the transmission of the downlink pilot signal 310.

The UE 110 receives the downlink pilot signal 310 and demodulates the downlink pilot signal 310 to determine characteristics of the communication channel. For example, the UE 110 can measure the signal strength of the downlink pilot signal 310 or measure the amount of interference present within the downlink pilot signal 310. The UE 110 may also be capable of analyzing the downlink pilot signals 310 to determine Channel State Information (CSI), such as a Channel Quality Indication (CQI), a Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI), and/or a Rank Indication (RI).

The UE 110 transmits one or more uplink feedback signals 320 to one or more base stations 121, 123, or 125 of the coordination set 302. The uplink feedback signal 320 includes information determined by the UE 110 based on the received downlink pilot signal 310. For example, the uplink feedback signal 320 can include information indicative of any one or more of: the signal strength of the downlink pilot signal 310; the amount of interference present within the downlink pilot signal 310; and/or channel status. In environment 300, UE 110, in one embodiment, transmits multiple uplink feedback signals 320 to each base station 121, 123, and 125. The uplink feedback signals 320 correspond to the downlink pilot signals 310, respectively. For example, UE 110 transmits uplink feedback signals 321, 322, and 323 to base station 121 based on downlink pilot signals 311, 312, and 313, respectively. For base station 123, UE 110 transmits uplink feedback signals 324, 325, and 326 based on downlink pilot signals 314, 315, and 316, respectively. Similarly for base station 125, UE 110 transmits uplink feedback signals 327, 328, and 329 based on downlink pilot signals 317, 318, and 319, respectively. As further described with respect to fig. 4, UE 110 uses TDM to interleave transmission of uplink feedback signals 320 to base stations 121, 123, and 125.

To enable the base stations 121, 123, and 125 to associate the uplink feedback signals 320 with corresponding downlink pilot signals 310, the downlink pilot signals 310 and uplink feedback signals 320 can include unique identifiers. For example, downlink pilot signal 311 and uplink feedback signal 321 both include a first unique identifier, while downlink pilot signal 314 and uplink feedback signal 324 both include a second unique identifier. With the unique identifier, the base stations 121, 123 and 125 can further determine whether the received uplink feedback signal 320 is associated with a different base station or whether it has not received a particular uplink feedback signal 320.

Rather than transmitting the plurality of uplink feedback signals 320 to the base stations 121, 123, and 125, the UE 110 can alternatively transmit at least one aggregated uplink feedback signal 350 to at least one of the base stations 121, 123, and 125 to reduce overhead and improve communication efficiency during the beamforming training protocol. In one implementation, the UE 110 sends an aggregate uplink feedback signal 350 to the base station 121 that includes feedback information based on downlink pilot signals 310 associated with two or more base stations within the coordination set 302. Using the inter-base station interface 268 of fig. 2, the base station receiving the aggregated uplink feedback signal 350 transmits the feedback information to the other base stations in the coordination set 302. In another implementation, the UE 110 sends different aggregated uplink feedback signals 350 to the base stations 121, 123, and 125. In this case, each aggregated uplink feedback signal 350 includes feedback information based on the downlink pilot signal 310 associated with the corresponding base station 121, 123, or 125.

In some cases, the UE 110 transmits the aggregated uplink feedback signal 350 using a different frequency band, e.g., a lower frequency band, relative to the frequency band of the downlink pilot signal 310. Additionally or alternatively, the UE 110 transmits the aggregated uplink feedback signal 350 with a wide beamwidth that encompasses angles to at least two of the base stations 121, 123, and 125. As an example, the UE 110 transmits the aggregated uplink feedback signal 350 using an omni-directional beamforming configuration. The wide beam width enables multiple base stations 121, 123, and 125 to receive the aggregated uplink feedback signal 350, which can reduce overhead across the inter-base station interface 268.

For uplink beamforming training, UE 110 transmits uplink pilot signals 330 to base stations 121, 123, and 125. For example, UE 110 transmits uplink pilot signals 331, 332, and 333 to base station 121, uplink pilot signals 334, 335, and 336 to base station 123, and uplink pilot signals 337, 338, and 339 to base station 125. The uplink pilot signal 330 is a sounding reference signal and can have a unique beamforming configuration. The beamforming configuration can scan the main lobe of the uplink pilot signal 330 across a spatial region or vary the beamwidth and direction of the main lobe across different uplink pilot signals 330. As further described with respect to fig. 4, UE 110 uses TDM to interleave transmission of uplink pilot signals 330 to base stations 121, 123, and 125.

Prior to transmitting the uplink pilot signal 330, the UE 110 determines a beamforming configuration for the uplink pilot signal 330 based on one or more signals received from the base stations 121, 123, and 125. As an example, one of base stations 121, 123, or 125 transmits a separate message, such as the scheduling configuration message shown in fig. 7, to instruct UE 110 to use a particular set of beamforming configurations for each of base stations 121, 123, and 125. In other cases, UE 110 can assume channel reciprocity to determine a beamforming configuration for an uplink pilot signal 330 associated with a particular base station 120 based on a downlink pilot signal 310 previously received from base station 120.

Base stations 121, 123, and 125 receive uplink pilot signal 330 and demodulate uplink pilot signal 330 to determine characteristics of the communication channel with UE 110. For example, the base stations 121, 123, and 125 can measure the signal strength of the uplink pilot signal 330 or measure the amount of interference present within the uplink pilot signal 330. The base stations 121, 123, and 125 can also analyze the uplink pilot signals 330 to determine channel state information, such as channel quality indications, precoding matrix indicators, and/or rank indications.

Base stations 121, 123, and 125 transmit one or more downlink feedback signals 340 to UE 110. Downlink feedback signal 340 includes information determined by base stations 121, 123, and 125 based on the reception of uplink pilot signal 330. For example, downlink feedback signal 340 can include information indicative of any one or more of: the signal strength of the uplink pilot signal 330; the amount of interference present in the uplink pilot signal 340; and/or channel status. In environment 300, in one implementation each base station 121, 123, and 125 sends a plurality of downlink feedback signals 340 (e.g., 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349) to UE 110. The downlink feedback signals 340 correspond to the uplink pilot signals 330, respectively. For example, base station 121 transmits downlink feedback signals 341, 342, and 343 to UE 110 based on the uplink pilot signals 331, 332, and 333 it receives. Base station 123 transmits downlink feedback signals 344, 345, and 346 to UE 110 based on uplink pilot signals 334, 335, and 336, respectively. Similarly, base station 125 sends downlink feedback signals 347, 348, and 349 to UE 110 based on uplink pilot signals 337, 338, and 339, respectively.

In general, the base stations 121, 123, and 125 transmit downlink feedback signals 340 to the UE 110 based on the received uplink pilot signals 330. Thus, the amount of downlink feedback signal 340 is equal to the amount of received uplink pilot signal 330. If one or more of the uplink pilot signals 330 are not received by the base station 121, 123, or 125, the base station 121, 123, or 125 will, for example, send a smaller number of downlink feedback signals 340 to the UE 110 than the number of pilot signals 330 sent by the UE. As further described with respect to fig. 4, the base stations 121, 123, and 125 use TDM to interleave the transmission of the downlink feedback signal 340.

To enable the UE 110 to associate the downlink feedback signals 340 with corresponding uplink pilot signals 330, the uplink pilot signals 330 and the downlink feedback signals 340 can include unique identifiers. For example, the uplink pilot signal 331 and the downlink feedback signal 341 both include a first unique identifier, while the uplink pilot signal 334 and the downlink feedback signal 344 both include a second unique identifier. Using the unique identifier, the UE 110 may further determine whether it has not received a downlink feedback signal 340 corresponding to a particular uplink pilot signal 330 transmission.

Rather than transmitting a separate downlink feedback signal 340 to UE 110, one or more of base stations 121, 123, or 125 can alternatively transmit an aggregate downlink feedback signal 360 to UE 110 to reduce overhead and improve communication efficiency during the beamforming training protocol. In one implementation, the base station 121 transmits an aggregate downlink feedback signal 360 that includes feedback information based on the uplink pilot signals 330 associated with two or more base stations within the coordination set 302. Using the inter-base station interface 268 of fig. 2, the base station transmitting the aggregated downlink feedback signal 360 can compile feedback information from other base stations within the coordination set 302. In another implementation, base stations 121, 123, and 125 transmit different aggregated downlink feedback signals 360 to UE 110. In this case, each aggregate downlink feedback signal 360 includes feedback information based on the downlink pilot signal 310 received by the corresponding base station 121, 123, or 125.

Similar to the aggregated uplink feedback signal 350, the base station 121, 123, or 125 can transmit the aggregated downlink feedback signal 360 using a different frequency band, e.g., a lower frequency band, relative to the frequency band of the uplink pilot signal 330. Additionally or alternatively, the base station 121, 123, or 125 can transmit the aggregate downlink feedback signal 360 with a wide beamwidth. The wide beamwidth enables reception of the aggregated downlink feedback signal 360 at the UE 110 for the case where the direction to the UE 110 is unknown to the transmission channel or frequency band used to transmit the aggregated downlink feedback signal 360.

In some cases, downlink pilot signal 310, uplink feedback signal 320, uplink pilot signal 330, and downlink feedback signal 340 are millimeter wave (mmW) signals. Although described with respect to 5G NR, the techniques for parallel beamforming training can also be applied to other generations of wireless communications. In general, techniques for interleaving transmissions of downlink pilot signals 310, uplink feedback signals 320, uplink pilot signals 330, downlink feedback signals 340, or a combination thereof across two or more base stations within the coordination set 302 over time create opportunities for parallel beamforming training between the UE 110 and different base stations of the coordination set 302, as further described with respect to fig. 4-6.

Fig. 4 illustrates an example interleaving pattern for pilot signals and feedback signals for parallel beamforming training with a coordinating base station. In particular, an example interleaving pattern of the downlink pilot signal 310 or the uplink pilot signal 330 is shown at 402 and an example interleaving pattern of the uplink feedback signal 320 or the downlink feedback signal 340 is shown at 404. Each rectangle at 402 and 404 represents a time interval for transmitting one type of beamforming training signal between UE 110 and one of base stations 121, 123, or 125. The time interval includes a transmission time and a reception time of the beamforming training signal. Although not explicitly shown, other types of signals can puncture or be included as part of the pattern without affecting the interleaved beamforming process.

At 402, the transmission times of the downlink pilot signal 310 or the uplink pilot signal 330 are interleaved over time. In the depicted example, coordination among base stations 121, 123, and 125 causes base stations 121, 123, and 125 to cycle between transmitting downlink pilot signals 310. After base station 121 transmits downlink pilot signal 311, for example, base station 123 transmits downlink pilot signal 314, and base station 125 transmits downlink pilot signal 317. This transmission pattern can continue for the next set of downlink pilot signals 310 as shown by the transmission of downlink pilot signals 312, 315, and 318. In this example, base stations 121, 123, and 125 each transmit a downlink pilot signal 310 before transmitting a subsequent downlink pilot signal 310. Typically, at least two base stations 120 within the coordination set 302 alternate the transmission of the downlink pilot signal 310. In other words, base station 123 transmits at least one downlink pilot signal 310 between the times that base station 121 transmits two other downlink pilot signals 310. The UE 110 receives the downlink pilot signal 310 in the pattern in which the downlink pilot signal 310 is transmitted.

Similar to the downlink pilot signals 310, the UE 110 transmits uplink pilot signals 330 in a pattern that cycles between the base stations 121, 123, and 125, as shown at 402. After UE 110 transmits uplink pilot signal 331 to base station 121, for example, UE 110 transmits uplink pilot signal 334 to base station 123 and uplink pilot signal 337 to base station 125. This transmission pattern can continue for the next set of uplink pilot signals 330 as shown by the transmission of uplink pilot signals 332, 335, and 338. In this example, the UE 110 transmits the uplink pilot signal 330 to each of the base stations 121, 123, and 125 before transmitting the subsequent uplink pilot signal 330 to one of the base stations 121, 123, or 125. Generally, the UE 110 alternates transmission of the uplink pilot signal 330 between at least two base stations 120 within the coordination set 302. In other words, UE 110 transmits at least one uplink pilot signal 330 to base station 123 between the time UE 110 transmits two other uplink pilot signals 330 to base station 121. Base stations 121, 123, and 125 receive uplink pilot signal 330 in a pattern where uplink pilot signal 330 is transmitted by UE 110.

At 404, transmission of the uplink feedback signal 320 or the downlink feedback signal 340 is interleaved over time. In the depicted example, UE 110 transmits uplink feedback signal 320 in a pattern that cycles between base stations 121, 123, and 125. After UE 110 transmits uplink feedback signal 321 to base station 121, for example, UE 110 transmits uplink feedback signal 324 to base station 123 and uplink feedback signal 327 to base station 123. This transmission pattern can continue for the next set of uplink feedback signals 320 as shown by the transmission of uplink feedback signals 322, 325, and 328. In this example, UE 110 transmits uplink feedback signal 320 to each base station 121, 123, and 125 before transmitting a subsequent uplink feedback signal 320 to one of base stations 121, 123, or 125. Generally, the UE 110 alternates transmission of the uplink feedback signal 320 between at least two base stations 120 within the coordination set 302. In other words, UE 110 transmits at least one uplink feedback signal 320 to base station 123 between the time UE 110 transmits two other uplink feedback signals 320 to base station 121. Base stations 121, 123, and 125 receive uplink feedback signal 320 in a pattern where uplink feedback signal 320 is transmitted by UE 110.

Similar to the uplink feedback signal 320, the base stations 121, 123, and 125 cycle between transmitting the downlink feedback signal 340, as shown at 404. After base station 121 transmits downlink feedback signal 341, for example, base station 123 transmits downlink feedback signal 344 and base station 125 transmits downlink feedback signal 347. This transmission pattern can continue for the next set of downlink feedback signals 340 as shown by the transmission of downlink feedback signals 342, 345, and 348. In this example, base stations 121, 123, and 125 each transmit downlink feedback signal 340 before transmitting subsequent downlink feedback signals 340. Typically, at least two base stations 120 within the coordination set 302 alternate transmission of the downlink feedback signal 340. In other words, base station 123 transmits at least one downlink feedback signal 340 between the time base station 121 transmits two other downlink feedback signals 340. UE 110 receives downlink feedback signal 340 in the pattern in which downlink feedback signal 340 is transmitted.

In some cases, one of base stations 121, 123, and 125 sends a scheduling configuration message to UE 110, as shown in fig. 7. The scheduling configuration message can specify a beamforming configuration of the uplink pilot signal 330, the uplink feedback signal 320, or the aggregate uplink feedback signal 350. Additionally or alternatively, the scheduling configuration message can specify a timing relationship (e.g., a time delay) between the downlink pilot signal 310 and the corresponding uplink feedback signal 320 or a timing relationship between the uplink pilot signal 330 and the corresponding downlink feedback signal 340, as further described with respect to fig. 5.

Fig. 5 illustrates other example interleaving patterns for pilot and feedback signals for parallel beamforming training with a coordinating base station. While fig. 4 illustrates an example interleaving pattern for each type of beamforming training signal, fig. 5 illustrates an example interleaving pattern between corresponding pilot and feedback signals. Sometimes this interleaving pattern is based on a specified timing relationship between the pilot signal and the feedback signal. The timing relationship enables the base stations 121, 123 and 125 or the UE 110 to receive the appropriate feedback signal by specifying the time interval of the desired feedback signal. It can also enable the base stations 121, 123 and 125 and the UE 110 to associate previously transmitted pilot signals with their corresponding feedback signals.

At 502, one of the base stations 121, 123, or 125 sends a scheduling coordination message to the UE 110. The scheduling coordination message specifies a time delay 504 between each downlink pilot signal 310 and each uplink feedback signal 320. In this example, the time delay 504 is similar for beamforming training signals associated with different base stations 121, 123, and 125. In other examples, the scheduling coordination message can specify a plurality of time delays unique to each base station 121, 123, and 125.

UE 110 transmits uplink feedback signals 321, 324, and 327 such that the transmission of uplink feedback signals 321, 324, and 327 occurs after the communication of downlink pilot signals 311, 314, and 317, respectively, according to time delay 504. Because the time delay 504 is constant for each of the base stations 121, 123, and 125, the interleaving pattern of the uplink feedback signal 320 corresponds to the interleaving pattern of the downlink pilot signal 310.

The base stations 121, 123, and 125 can associate the uplink feedback signal 320 with the corresponding downlink pilot signal 310 by matching the unique identifier of the uplink feedback signal 320 with the unique identifier of the downlink pilot signal 310. In this way, the base stations 121, 123, and 125 can each determine whether the received uplink feedback signal 320 is associated with a different base station or whether it has not received a particular uplink feedback signal 320. The unique identifier also enables the base stations 121, 123, and 125 to associate the uplink feedback signal 320 with the downlink pilot signal 310 without prior knowledge of the interleaving pattern of the uplink feedback signal 320 or without specifying the time delay 504.

Similarly at 506, the base stations 121, 123, and 125 specify a time delay 508 between each uplink pilot signal 330 and each downlink feedback signal 340. In this example, the time delay 508 is similar for beamforming training signals associated with different base stations 121, 123, and 125. Thus, the interleaving pattern of the downlink feedback signal 340 corresponds to the interleaving pattern of the uplink pilot signal 330. In some cases, one of the base stations 121, 123, 125 sends a scheduling configuration message to the UE 110 to inform the UE 110 of the time delay 508 associated with receiving the downlink feedback signal 340.

The UE 110 can associate the downlink feedback signal 340 with the corresponding uplink pilot signal 330 by matching the unique identifier of the downlink feedback signal 340 with the unique identifier of the uplink pilot signal 330. In this way, the UE 110 can determine whether it has not received a particular downlink feedback signal 340. The unique identifier also enables the UE 110 to associate the downlink feedback signal 340 with the uplink pilot signal 330 without prior knowledge of the interleaving pattern or time delay 508 of the downlink feedback signal 340.

At 502 and 506, the time delays 504 and 508 are long enough to enable one downlink pilot signal 310 to be transmitted by each of the base stations 121, 123, and 125 or one uplink pilot signal 330 to be transmitted to each of the base stations 121, 123, and 125. In other implementations, the time delay 504 is shorter and enables a portion of the base stations 121, 123, and 125 to transmit the downlink pilot signal 310 before the UE 110 transmits the uplink feedback signal 320. Likewise, the time delay 508 may also be shorter and enable the UE 110 to transmit the uplink pilot signal 330 to a portion of the base stations 121, 123, and 125 before one of the base stations 121, 123, or 125 transmits the downlink feedback signal 340. In some cases, time delays 504 and 508 jointly interleave downlink pilot signal 310, uplink feedback signal 320, uplink pilot signal 330, and downlink feedback signal 340 together over time, as further described with respect to fig. 6.

Fig. 6 illustrates additional example interleaving patterns for pilot signals and feedback signals for parallel beamforming training with a coordinating base station. While fig. 5 illustrates an example interleaving pattern between corresponding pilot and feedback signals, fig. 6 illustrates an example interleaving pattern between pilot and feedback signals corresponding to both downlink and uplink beamforming training. In this manner, portions of the downlink beamforming training and the uplink beamforming training are performed in a TDM manner across base stations 121, 123, and 125.

At 602, base stations 121, 123, and 125 transmit downlink pilot signals 311, 314, and 317, respectively, and UE 110 transmits uplink feedback signals 321, 324, and 327, respectively, based on time delay 504. Before the base stations 121, 123, and 125 transmit the subsequent downlink pilot signal 310, the UE 110 transmits uplink pilot signals 331, 334, and 337 and the base stations 121, 123, and 125 transmit downlink feedback signals 341, 344, and 347, respectively, based on the time delay 508. In this example, the beamforming training signal associated with a particular base station is interleaved with beamforming training signals associated with another base station.

At 604, the set of downlink pilot signals 310, uplink feedback signals 320, uplink pilot signals 330, and downlink feedback signals 340 are interleaved across the coordinating base stations 121, 123, and 125. The first set of beamforming training signals associated with base station 121 occurs after the second set of beamforming training signals associated with base station 123. The first set of beamforming training signals includes downlink pilot signal 311, uplink feedback signal 321, uplink pilot signal 331, and downlink feedback signal 341. The second set of beamforming training signals includes downlink pilot signal 314, uplink feedback signal 324, uplink pilot signal 334, and downlink feedback signal 344. In this example, the set of beamforming training signals associated with a particular base station is interleaved with the set of beamforming training signals associated with another base station.

Although not explicitly shown, some parallel beamforming training can assume channel reciprocity to omit at least some of the uplink feedback signals 320 or at least some of the downlink feedback signals 340. For example, rather than transmitting uplink feedback signals 320 to base stations 121, 123, and 125 in response to receiving downlink pilot signals 310, UE 110 transmits uplink pilot signals 330 to base stations 121, 123, and 125. In this case, the UE 110 can determine the beam configuration of the uplink pilot signal 330 based on the angle of arrival of the downlink pilot signal 310. Using channel reciprocity, the base stations 121, 123 and 125 can select beamforming configurations for the uplink receive channel and the downlink transmit channel based on the uplink pilot signal 330. Likewise, the base stations 121, 123, and 125 can transmit the downlink pilot signal 310 instead of the downlink feedback signal 340 in response to receiving the uplink pilot signal 330. Using channel reciprocity, the UE 110 can select beamforming configurations for the uplink transmit channel and the downlink receive channel based on the downlink pilot signal 310. This can reduce overhead and improve communication efficiency.

The interleaving pattern can also be adjusted based on the expected rate of change of channel conditions. These expected rates can be based on movement at UE 110 or base station 121, 123, or 125. For example, the UE 110 speed can cause the channel conditions to change between the transmission times of the pilot signals and their corresponding feedback signals. Other conditions that dynamically affect channel conditions, particularly for mmW signals, include precipitation and other weather phenomena, people or other obstructions moving between UE 110 and base stations 121, 123 and 125. Thus, the feedback signal may contain outdated feedback information. To provide appropriate feedback information for rapidly changing channels, the interleaving pattern at 604 can be used to enable the feedback information to correspond to the time at which the feedback signal was transmitted. Alternatively, if the movement at UE 110 and base stations 121, 123, and 124 is relatively slow, the interleaving pattern at 602 can be used. Although not explicitly shown, for the case where the base stations 121, 123, and 125 include one or more mobile base stations (e.g., balloons, drones, high altitude platform stations, or satellites), the coordination set 302 can change the interleaving pattern over time based on detected changes in channel conditions, amounts of change in the base stations 120 within the coordination set 302, changes in the measured speed of the UE 110, or changes in the measured speed of one or more of the base stations 121, 123, or 125.

Fig. 7 illustrates details of example signaling for parallel beamforming training with a coordinating base station. At 702, the core network 190 and/or the UE 110 establishes a coordination set 302, which includes, for example, at least two base stations 121 and 123. Coordination among the base stations 121 and 123 can be performed using an interface such as an Xn interface. In some examples, the coordination set 302 supports CoMP, DC, or MIMO. Although not explicitly shown, the coordination set 302 can include additional base stations 120, such as base station 125.

At 704, the base stations 121 and 123 of the coordination set 302 determine a scheduling configuration for interleaving beamforming training signals. The scheduling configuration represents an interleaving pattern in which beamforming training signals are transmitted and received. The beamforming training signal can include a downlink pilot signal 310, an uplink feedback signal 320, an uplink pilot signal 330, a downlink feedback signal 340, or a combination thereof. Example patterns are described above with respect to fig. 4-6.

At 706, one base station 121 of the coordination set 302 sends a scheduling configuration message 708 to the UE 110. To facilitate UE 110 to receive scheduling configuration message 708, base station 121 can transmit scheduling configuration message 708 using a frequency band below the mmW frequency band (e.g., a frequency band below 6 GHz), using a particular transmit power to increase the signal strength of scheduling configuration message 708 at UE 110, or using a lower modulation order to reduce the bit error rate, etc.

The scheduling configuration message 708 can specify an interleaving pattern, one or more time delays (e.g., time delays 504 or 508), a beamforming configuration 710 of a beamforming training signal transmitted by the UE 110 (e.g., a beamforming configuration of the uplink pilot signal 330 or the uplink feedback signal 320), or a unique identifier of the beamforming training signal. The scheduling configuration message 708 can also specify whether to provide feedback information using multiple feedback signals or using an aggregate feedback signal, such as the aggregate uplink feedback signal 350 or the aggregate downlink feedback signal 360 of fig. 3. Additionally, the scheduling configuration message 708 can specify whether the UE 110 will assume channel reciprocity. In some implementations, the scheduling configuration message 708 is a layer three (L3) message.

At 712, UE 110 and base stations 121 and 123 perform parallel beamforming training. The parallel execution of the beamforming training protocol supports fast and efficient communication between UE 110 and each of base stations 121 and 123 of the coordination set 302. Interleaved transmission of the downlink pilot signal 310, the uplink feedback signal 320, the uplink pilot signal 330, the downlink feedback signal 340, or the combination creates an opportunity for parallel beamforming training between the UE 110 and the different base stations 121 and 123 of the coordination set 302, as shown in fig. 4-6.

Example method

Fig. 8, 9, 10, and 11 illustrate example methods for parallel beamforming training with a coordinating base station. The methods 800, 900, 1000, and 1100 are illustrated as a collection of performed operations (or acts) but are not necessarily limited to the order or combination of operations illustrated. Further, any of one or more of these operations can be repeated, combined, re-organized, skipped, or linked to provide a wide variety of additional and/or alternative approaches. In portions of the following discussion, reference may be made to the environments 100 and 300 of fig. 1 and 3 and the entities detailed in fig. 2 and 3, by way of example only. The techniques are not limited to being performed by one entity or multiple entities operating on one device.

Fig. 8 illustrates an example method for a UE 110 performing parallel beamforming training with a coordinating base station. In fig. 8, UE 110 uses TDM to interleave transmission of uplink feedback signals associated with different coordinating base stations. By interleaving the uplink feedback signals, UE 110 performs parallel beamforming training with the coordinating base station.

At 802, the UE receives a first downlink pilot signal from a first base station within a coordination set. For example, the UE 110 receives downlink pilot signals 311, 312, and 313 from the base stations 121 within the coordination set 302, as shown in FIG. 3.

At 804, the UE generates a first uplink feedback signal based on the first downlink pilot signal. For example, UE 110 generates uplink feedback signals 321, 322, and 323 based on downlink pilot signals 311, 312, and 313, respectively.

At 806, the UE receives a second downlink pilot signal from a second base station within the coordination set. For example, the UE 110 receives downlink pilot signals 314, 315, and 316 from the base stations 123 within the coordination set 302, as shown in FIG. 3.

At 808, the UE generates a second uplink feedback signal based on the second downlink pilot signal. For example, UE 110 generates uplink feedback signals 324, 325, and 326 based on downlink pilot signals 314, 315, and 316, respectively. In some cases, uplink feedback signals 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, and 326 include unique identifiers associated with corresponding downlink pilot signals 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, and 316.

At 810, the UE transmits the first uplink feedback signal to the first base station and the second uplink feedback signal to the second base station in a first pattern that interleaves a first transmission time of the first uplink feedback signal with a second transmission time of the second uplink feedback signal. For example, the UE 110 transmits the uplink feedback signals 321, 322, and 323 to the base station 121 and transmits the uplink feedback signals 324, 325, and 326 to the base station 123 in a first pattern that interleaves transmission times of the uplink feedback signals 321, 322, and 323 with transmission times of the uplink feedback signals 324, 325, and 326, as shown at 404 in fig. 4, 502 in fig. 5, and 602 and 604 in fig. 6.

At 812, the UE performs parallel beamforming training with the first base station and the second base station according to the first pattern. For example, UE 110 performs parallel beamforming training with base station 121 and base station 123 according to the first pattern.

Fig. 9 illustrates another example method for a UE 110 for parallel beamforming training with a coordinating base station. In fig. 9, UE 110 uses TDM to interleave transmission of uplink pilot signals associated with different coordinating base stations. By interleaving the uplink pilot signals, UE 110 performs parallel beamforming training with the coordinating base station.

At 902, the UE determines a first beamforming configuration and a second beamforming configuration based on one or more signals received from one or more base stations within the coordination set. The one or more base stations include a first base station and a second base station. For example, the UE 110 determines the first beamforming configuration and the second beamforming configuration based on one or more signals received from one or more base stations 121, 123, and 135 within the coordination set 302. In a first example, UE 110 determines beamforming configuration 710 based on scheduling configuration message 708 of fig. 7 sent by base station 121. In a second example, UE 110 uses channel reciprocity to determine a beamforming configuration based on downlink pilot signals 310 transmitted by base stations 121, 123, and/or 125.

At 904, the UE transmits a first uplink pilot signal to the first base station using the first beamforming configuration and transmits a second uplink pilot signal to the second base station using the second beamforming configuration. The first uplink pilot signal and the second uplink pilot signal are transmitted based on a first pattern that interleaves a first transmission time of the first uplink pilot signal with a second transmission time of the second uplink pilot signal. For example, UE 110 transmits uplink pilot signals 331, 332, and 333 to base station 121 using a first beamforming configuration and transmits uplink pilot signals 334, 335, and 336 to base station 123 using a second beamforming configuration. The UE 110 transmits the uplink pilot signals 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, and 336 based on a first pattern that interleaves transmission times of the uplink pilot signals 331, 332, and 333 with transmission times of the uplink pilot signals 334, 335, and 336, as shown at 402 in fig. 4, at 506 in fig. 5, and at 602 and 604 in fig. 6.

At 906, the UE performs parallel beamforming training with the first base station and the second base station according to the first pattern. For example, the UE 110 performs parallel beamforming training with the base stations 121 and 123 within the coordination set 302 according to the first pattern.

Fig. 10 illustrates an example method for a set of coordinated base stations for parallel beamforming training with a UE 110. In fig. 10, the base station 120 uses TDM to interleave the transmission of downlink feedback signals across the coordinating base stations. By interleaving the downlink feedback signals, the coordinating base station performs parallel beamforming training with the UE 110.

At 1002, a first base station within a coordination set receives a first uplink pilot signal from a UE. For example, the base stations 121 of the coordination set 302 receive the uplink pilot signals 331, 332, and 333 from the UE 110, as shown in FIG. 3.

At 1004, the first base station generates a first downlink feedback signal based on the first uplink pilot signal. For example, base station 121 generates downlink feedback signals 341, 342, and 343 based on uplink pilot signals 331, 332, and 333.

At 1006, a second base station within the coordination set receives a second uplink pilot signal from the UE. For example, the base stations 123 within the coordination set 302 receive the uplink pilot signals 334, 335, and 336 from the UE 110, as shown in FIG. 3.

At 1008, the second base station generates a second downlink feedback signal based on the second uplink pilot signal. For example, base station 123 generates downlink feedback signals 344, 345, and 346 based on uplink pilot signals 334, 335, and 336.

At 1010, the first base station transmits the first downlink feedback signal to the UE in a first pattern that interleaves a first transmission time of the first downlink feedback signal with a second transmission time of the second downlink feedback signal and the second base station transmits the second downlink feedback signal to the UE in a first pattern that interleaves the first transmission time of the first downlink feedback signal with the second transmission time of the second downlink feedback signal. For example, based on one of the patterns shown in fig. 4-6, base station 121 transmits downlink feedback signals 341, 342, and 343 to UE 110, and base station 123 transmits downlink feedback signals 344, 345, and 346 to UE 110.

At 1012, the first base station and the second base station perform parallel beamforming training with the UE according to the first pattern. For example, base station 121 and base station 123 perform parallel beamforming training with UE 110 according to a first pattern.

Fig. 11 illustrates another example method for a set of coordinated base stations for parallel beamforming training with a UE 110. In fig. 11, the base station 120 uses TDM to interleave the transmission of downlink pilot signals across the coordinating base stations. By interleaving the downlink pilot signals, the coordinating base station performs parallel beamforming training with the UE 110.

At 1102, a first base station in the coordination set generates a first downlink pilot signal. For example, the base stations 121 within the coordination set 302 generate downlink pilot signals 311, 312, and 313.

At 1104, a second base station in the coordination set generates a second downlink pilot signal. For example, base station 123 generates downlink pilot signals 314, 315, and 316.

At 1106, the first base station transmits a first downlink pilot signal to the UE based on a first pattern that interleaves a first transmission time of the first downlink pilot signal with a second transmission time of the second downlink pilot signal and the second base station transmits a second downlink pilot signal to the UE based on the first pattern that interleaves the first transmission time of the first downlink pilot signal with the second transmission time of the second downlink pilot signal. For example, based on one of the patterns shown in fig. 4 to 6, the base station 121 transmits downlink pilot signals 311, 312, and 313 to the UE 110, and the base station 123 transmits downlink pilot signals 314, 315, and 316 to the UE 110.

At 1108, the first base station and the second base station perform parallel beamforming training with the UE according to the first pattern. For example, base station 121 and base station 123 perform parallel beamforming training with UE 110 according to a first pattern.

Conclusion

Although techniques for parallel beamforming training with a coordinating base station have been described in language specific to features and/or methods, it is to be understood that the subject of the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or methods described. Rather, the specific features and methods are disclosed as example implementations of parallel beamforming training with a coordinating base station.

Some examples are described below.

Example 1: a method for a user equipment, the method comprising the user equipment:

receiving a first downlink pilot signal from a first base station in the coordination set;

generating a first uplink feedback signal based on the first downlink pilot signal;

receiving a second downlink pilot signal from a second base station within the coordination set;

generating a second uplink feedback signal based on the second downlink pilot signal;

transmitting the first uplink feedback signal to the first base station and the second uplink feedback signal to the second base station in a first pattern that interleaves a first transmission time of the first uplink feedback signal with a second transmission time of the second uplink feedback signal; and

performing parallel beamforming training with the first base station and the second base station according to the first pattern.

Example 2: the method of example 1, wherein:

the first uplink feedback signals respectively correspond to the first downlink pilot signals;

the second uplink feedback signals respectively correspond to the second downlink pilot signals; and is

A first reception time of the first downlink pilot signal and a second reception time of the second downlink pilot signal are interleaved together, wherein a second pattern represents interleaving of the first downlink pilot signal and the second downlink pilot signal,

the method further comprises:

determining the first pattern based on the second pattern such that the first uplink feedback signal is interleaved with the second uplink feedback signal based on an interleaving of the first downlink pilot signal with the second downlink pilot signal.

Example 3: the method of example 2, further comprising:

receiving a scheduling configuration message from the first base station, the scheduling configuration message specifying a first time delay and a second time delay, wherein:

a first transmission time of the first uplink feedback signal is interleaved with a first reception time of the first downlink pilot signal based on the first time delay; and

a second transmission time of the second uplink feedback signal is interleaved with a second reception time of the second downlink pilot signal based on the second time delay.

Example 4: the method of example 3, wherein:

the first time delay is equal to the second time delay.

Example 5: the method of any preceding example, further comprising:

determining a first beamforming configuration for the first uplink feedback signal; and

determining a second beamforming configuration for the second uplink feedback signal, wherein:

the transmission of the first uplink feedback signal uses the first beamforming configuration; and is

The transmission of the second uplink feedback signal uses the second beamforming configuration.

Example 6: the method of example 5, further comprising:

receiving a scheduling configuration message from the first base station, the scheduling configuration message comprising the first beamforming configuration and the second beamforming configuration.

Example 7: the method of any preceding example, wherein:

the receiving of the first downlink pilot signal comprises determining a first unique identifier of the first downlink pilot signal based on the first downlink pilot signal;

the generation of the first uplink feedback signal comprises incorporating the first unique identifier;

the receiving of the second downlink pilot signal comprises determining a second unique identifier for the second downlink pilot signal based on the second downlink pilot signal; and

the generation of the second uplink feedback signal includes incorporating the second unique identifier.

Example 8: the method of any preceding example, further comprising:

generating a first uplink pilot signal;

generating a second uplink pilot signal; and

transmitting the first uplink pilot signal to the first base station and the second uplink pilot signal to the second base station based on a third pattern that interleaves a third transmission time of the first uplink pilot signal with a fourth transmission time of the second uplink pilot signal.

Example 9: the method of example 8, further comprising:

receiving an aggregate downlink feedback signal from the first base station, the aggregate downlink feedback signal comprising first feedback information from the first base station based on the first uplink pilot signal and second feedback information from the second base station based on the second uplink pilot signal.

Example 10: the method of example 8 or 9, further comprising:

determining the third pattern based on a fourth pattern that interleaves a first reception time of the first downlink pilot signal with a second reception time of the second downlink pilot signal.

Example 11: a method for a user equipment, the method comprising the user equipment:

determining a first beamforming configuration and a second beamforming configuration based on one or more signals received from one or more base stations within a coordination set, the one or more base stations including a first base station and a second base station;

transmitting a first uplink pilot signal to the first base station using the first beamforming configuration and a second uplink pilot signal to the second base station using the second beamforming configuration, the transmission of the first and second uplink pilot signals being based on a first pattern interleaving a first transmission time of the first uplink pilot signal with a second transmission time of the second uplink pilot signal; and

performing parallel beamforming training with the first base station and the second base station according to the first pattern.

Example 12: the method of example 11, wherein:

the determination of the first beamforming configuration and the second beamforming configuration comprises receiving a scheduling configuration message from the first base station, the scheduling configuration message comprising the first beamforming configuration and the second beamforming configuration.

Example 13: the method of example 12, wherein:

the scheduling configuration message specifies the first pattern.

Example 14: the method of example 11 or 12, further comprising:

receiving a first downlink pilot signal from the first base station;

receiving a second downlink pilot signal from the second base station, a first reception time of the first downlink pilot signal being interleaved with a second reception time of the second downlink pilot signal, a second pattern representing an interleaving of the first downlink pilot signal with the second downlink pilot signal; and

determining the first pattern based on the second pattern such that the first uplink pilot signal is interleaved with the second uplink pilot signal based on an interleaving of the first downlink pilot signal with the second downlink pilot signal.

Example 15: the method of example 14, wherein:

the determination of the first beamforming configuration uses first angle-of-arrival information for the first downlink pilot signal; and is

The determination of the second beamforming configuration uses second angle-of-arrival information for the second downlink pilot signal.

Example 16: the method of example 14 or 15, further comprising:

generating a first uplink feedback signal based on the first downlink pilot signal;

generating a second uplink feedback signal based on the second downlink pilot signal; and

transmitting the first uplink feedback signal to the first base station and the second uplink feedback signal to the second base station in a third pattern that interleaves a third transmission time of the first uplink feedback signal with a fourth transmission time of the second uplink feedback signal.

Example 17: the method of any of examples 14-16, further comprising:

determining first feedback information based on the first downlink pilot signal;

determining second feedback information based on the second downlink pilot signal; and

transmitting an aggregated uplink feedback signal to the first base station, the aggregated uplink feedback signal including the first feedback information and the second feedback information.

Example 18: the method of any of examples 11-17, further comprising:

receiving first downlink feedback signals from the first base station, the first downlink feedback signals corresponding to the first uplink pilot signals, respectively; and

receiving second downlink feedback signals from the second base stations, the second downlink feedback signals respectively corresponding to the second uplink pilot signals,

wherein a first receive time of the first downlink feedback signal is interleaved with a second receive time of the second downlink feedback signal based on an interleaving of the first uplink pilot signal with the second uplink pilot signal.

Example 19: the method of example 18, further comprising:

generating the first uplink pilot signal to include a first unique identifier;

demodulating the first downlink feedback signal to extract a first demodulated unique identifier;

associating the first downlink feedback signal with a corresponding first uplink pilot signal based on the first unique identifier and the first demodulated unique identifier;

generating the second uplink pilot signal to include a second unique identifier;

demodulating the second downlink feedback signal to extract a second demodulated unique identifier; and

associating the second downlink feedback signal with a corresponding second uplink pilot signal based on the second unique identifier and the second demodulated unique identifier.

Example 20: a user equipment, the user equipment comprising:

a radio frequency transceiver; and

a processor and a memory system configured to perform the method according to any of examples 1-19.

Example 21: a computer-readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause an apparatus incorporating the processor to perform the method according to any of examples 1-19.

Example 22: a method for a first base station within a coordination set, the method comprising the first base station:

receiving, by the first base station, a first uplink pilot signal from a user equipment;

generating, by the first base station, a first downlink feedback signal based on the first uplink pilot signal;

coordinating with a second base station of the coordination set to transmit the first downlink feedback signal to the user equipment in a first pattern that interleaves a first transmission time of the first downlink feedback signal with a second transmission time of a second downlink feedback signal transmitted by the second base station to the user equipment; and

performing parallel beamforming training with the user equipment according to the first pattern using the first pattern.

Example 23: the method of example 22, wherein:

the first downlink feedback signals respectively correspond to the first uplink pilot signals;

the second downlink feedback signals respectively correspond to second uplink pilot signals transmitted from the user equipment to the second base station; and is

A first reception time of the first uplink pilot signal and a second reception time of the second uplink pilot signal are interleaved together, wherein a second pattern represents interleaving of the first uplink pilot signal and the second uplink pilot signal,

the method further comprises:

determining the first pattern based on the second pattern such that the first downlink feedback signal is interleaved with the second downlink feedback signal based on an interleaving of the first uplink pilot signal with the second uplink pilot signal.

Example 24: the method of example 23, further comprising:

transmitting, by the first base station, a scheduling configuration message to the user equipment, the scheduling configuration message specifying a first time delay and a second time delay, wherein:

a first transmission time of the first downlink feedback signal is interleaved with a first reception time of the first uplink pilot signal based on the first time delay; and is

A second transmission time of the second downlink feedback signal is interleaved with a second reception time of the second uplink pilot signal based on the second time delay.

Example 25: the method of example 24, wherein:

the first time delay is equal to the second time delay.

Example 26: the method of any of examples 22-25, further comprising:

transmitting, by the first base station, another scheduling configuration message to the user equipment, the other scheduling configuration message including a first beamforming configuration for transmitting the first uplink pilot signal to the first base station and a second beamforming configuration for transmitting the second uplink pilot signal to the second base station.

Example 27: the method of any of examples 22-26, wherein:

the receiving of the first uplink pilot signal comprises determining a first unique identifier of the first uplink pilot signal based on the first uplink pilot signal; and is

The generation of the first downlink feedback signal includes incorporating the first unique identifier.

Example 28: the method of any of examples 22-27, further comprising:

generating, by the first base station, a first downlink pilot signal; and

coordinating with the second base station to transmit the first downlink pilot signal to the user equipment in a third pattern that interleaves a third transmit time of the first downlink pilot signal with a fourth transmit time of a second downlink pilot signal transmitted by the second base station to the user equipment.

Example 29: the method of example 28, further comprising:

receiving an aggregate uplink feedback signal from the user equipment, the aggregate uplink feedback signal comprising first feedback information based on the first downlink pilot signal and second feedback information based on the second downlink pilot signal.

Example 30: a base station, the base station comprising:

a radio frequency transceiver; and

a processor and a memory system configured to perform a method according to any of examples 22-29.

Example 31: a computer-readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause an apparatus incorporating the processor to perform the method according to any of examples 22-28.