阅读说明：本技术 一种Si-Zr-O-C基陶瓷纤维材料的制备方法、产品及应用 (Preparation method, product and application of Si-Zr-O-C-based ceramic fiber material ) 是由 李娜 钟佳锦 包海峰 秦艳敏 方正 于 2021-10-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种Si-Zr-O-C基陶瓷纤维材料的制备方法,先将锆源溶于络合剂中以得到一次溶液,再将一次溶液、硅源、纺丝助剂溶液相混合以得到前驱体溶胶纺丝液,然后对上述前驱体溶胶纺丝液进行静电纺丝,以获得前驱体凝胶纤维,再对上述前驱体凝胶纤维依次进行干燥处理、烧结处理,以获得最终的产物,即陶瓷纤维材料,该陶瓷纤维材料能够应用在隔热领域中。本设计不仅在高温使用环境下,能够兼具隔热性能、力学性能,而且生产成本较低,纤维连续性较好,能耗低。(A preparation method of a Si-Zr-O-C-based ceramic fiber material comprises the steps of dissolving a zirconium source in a complexing agent to obtain a primary solution, mixing the primary solution, a silicon source and a spinning auxiliary agent solution to obtain a precursor sol spinning solution, carrying out electrostatic spinning on the precursor sol spinning solution to obtain a precursor gel fiber, and carrying out drying treatment and sintering treatment on the precursor gel fiber in sequence to obtain a final product, namely the ceramic fiber material. The design not only can have heat-insulating property and mechanical property under the high-temperature use environment, but also has the advantages of low production cost, good fiber continuity and low energy consumption.)

1. A preparation method of a Si-Zr-O-C based ceramic fiber material is characterized by comprising the following steps: the preparation method comprises the following steps:

preparing a precursor sol spinning solution: dissolving a zirconium source in a complexing agent to obtain a primary solution, and mixing the primary solution, a silicon source and a spinning auxiliary agent solution to obtain a precursor sol spinning solution; the spinning auxiliary solution is composed of an auxiliary solute, an auxiliary solvent and a catalyst, wherein the auxiliary solute is any one or any mixture of the following substances: polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl glycol, polyoxyethylene alcohol;

preparing precursor gel fiber: performing electrostatic spinning on the precursor sol spinning solution to obtain precursor gel fibers;

obtaining of ceramic fiber material: and sequentially carrying out drying treatment and sintering treatment on the precursor gel fiber to obtain the ceramic fiber material.

2. The method for preparing a Si-Zr-O-C based ceramic fiber material according to claim 1, wherein: in the preparation of the precursor sol spinning solution, the zirconium source and the silicon source are subjected to hydrolysis and polycondensation under the action of an auxiliary solvent and a catalyst.

3. The method for producing a Si-Zr-O-C based ceramic fiber material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the zirconium source, the complexing agent, the auxiliary solvent, the catalyst and the silicon source are combined optionally as follows:

a zirconium source: any one or any mixture of butyl zirconate, zirconium tetra-n-propoxide, zirconium isopropoxide and zirconium acetate;

complexing agent: any one or any mixture of citric acid, acetic acid and acetic acid;

auxiliary solvent: any one or any mixture of ethanol, isopropanol and dimethylformamide;

catalyst: any one or any mixture of nitric acid, hydrochloric acid and boric acid;

silicon source: one or any mixture of tetraethoxysilane, vinyl trimethoxy silane, methyl triethoxy silane, dimethyl diethoxy silane and polymethylphenyl siloxane.

4. The method for producing a Si-Zr-O-C based ceramic fiber material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: in the precursor sol spinning solution, the dosage of the spinning auxiliary agent solution is 5-10 wt.%.

5. The method for producing an Si-Zr-O-C based ceramic fiber material according to claim 4, wherein: the amount of the spinning aid solution was 7.5 wt.%.

6. The method for producing an Si-Zr-O-C based ceramic fiber material according to claim 4, wherein: the dosage ratio of the zirconium source, the complexing agent, the silicon source, the auxiliary solvent and the catalyst is as follows:

a zirconium source: the mol ratio of the complexing agent is 1: (2-3);

a zirconium source: the molar ratio of the silicon source is (0.5-2): 1;

a zirconium source: the dosage ratio of the auxiliary solvent is (0.01-0.04) mol: (20-25) mL;

catalyst: the dosage ratio of the silicon source is (0.01-0.04) mol: (0.8-2) mL.

7. The method for producing a Si-Zr-O-C based ceramic fiber material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: in the preparation of the precursor gel fiber, an injector is adopted to contain the precursor sol spinning solution, and an aluminum foil, release paper, non-woven fabric or silicon oil paper is adopted as a collecting device.

8. The method for producing a Si-Zr-O-C based ceramic fiber material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: in the acquisition of the ceramic fiber material, the parameters of the drying treatment and the sintering treatment are respectively as follows:

and (3) drying treatment: the temperature is 50-80 ℃, and the time is 1-2 h;

sintering treatment: the sintering temperature is 800-1400 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1-2 hours, the heating rate is 2-5 ℃/min, the cooling rate is furnace cooling, and the inert gas used in sintering is Ar atmosphere or N2 atmosphere.

9. A product characterized by: the product is a final product obtained by the method for preparing a Si-Zr-O-C based ceramic fiber material according to claim 1.

10. Use of a product characterized by: the use of said product is in the field of thermal insulation of the end product obtained according to claim 9.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a preparation process of a ceramic fiber material, belongs to the technical field of heat insulation, and particularly relates to a preparation method, a product and application of a Si-Zr-O-C-based ceramic fiber material.

Background

The ceramic fiber is a material with low density, high strength, good high-temperature thermal stability, ablation resistance and good toughness, so that the flexible ceramic fiber can be used as a heat insulation material independently and can also be used as a reinforcing base in a composite material, and therefore, the ceramic fiber material has a great application prospect in the field of high-temperature heat insulation, such as a heat protection system of an aerospace vehicle.

Common ceramic fiber materials mainly comprise oxides and non-oxides, wherein the oxide ceramic fibers mainly comprise Al2O3, SiO2, ZrO2 and the like, and the non-oxide ceramic fibers mainly comprise SiC, Si3N4 and the like. These ceramic fibers have good thermal insulation properties or mechanical properties at normal temperature, but the thermal insulation properties and mechanical properties are greatly reduced in a high-temperature use environment.

The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the patent application and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects and problems that the prior art is difficult to have heat-insulating property and mechanical property under a high-temperature use environment, and provides a preparation method, a product and application of a Si-Zr-O-C-based ceramic fiber material which can have the heat-insulating property and the mechanical property under the high-temperature use environment.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution of the invention is as follows: a preparation method of a Si-Zr-O-C-based ceramic fiber material comprises the following steps:

preparing a precursor sol spinning solution: dissolving a zirconium source in a complexing agent to obtain a primary solution, and mixing the primary solution, a silicon source and a spinning auxiliary agent solution to obtain a precursor sol spinning solution; the spinning auxiliary solution is composed of an auxiliary solute, an auxiliary solvent and a catalyst, wherein the auxiliary solute is any one or any mixture of the following substances: polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl glycol, polyoxyethylene alcohol;

preparing precursor gel fiber: performing electrostatic spinning on the precursor sol spinning solution to obtain precursor gel fibers;

obtaining of ceramic fiber material: and sequentially carrying out drying treatment and sintering treatment on the precursor gel fiber to obtain the ceramic fiber material.

In the preparation of the precursor sol spinning solution, the zirconium source and the silicon source are subjected to hydrolysis and polycondensation under the action of an auxiliary solvent and a catalyst.

The zirconium source, the complexing agent, the auxiliary solvent, the catalyst and the silicon source are combined optionally as follows:

a zirconium source: any one or any mixture of butyl zirconate, zirconium tetra-n-propoxide, zirconium isopropoxide and zirconium acetate;

complexing agent: any one or any mixture of citric acid, acetic acid and acetic acid;

auxiliary solvent: any one or any mixture of ethanol, isopropanol and dimethylformamide;

catalyst: any one or any mixture of nitric acid, hydrochloric acid and boric acid;

silicon source: one or any mixture of tetraethoxysilane, vinyl trimethoxy silane, methyl triethoxy silane, dimethyl diethoxy silane and polymethylphenyl siloxane.

In the precursor sol spinning solution, the dosage of the spinning auxiliary agent solution is 5-10 wt.%.

The amount of the spinning aid solution is 7.5wt. -%)

The dosage ratio of the zirconium source, the complexing agent, the silicon source, the auxiliary solvent and the catalyst is as follows:

a zirconium source: the mol ratio of the complexing agent is 1: (2-3);

a zirconium source: the molar ratio of the silicon source is (0.5-2): 1;

a zirconium source: the dosage ratio of the auxiliary solvent is (0.01-0.04) mol: (20-25) mL;

catalyst: the dosage ratio of the silicon source is (0.01-0.04) mol: (0.8-2) mL.

In the preparation of the precursor gel fiber, an injector is adopted to contain the precursor sol spinning solution, and an aluminum foil, release paper, non-woven fabric or silicon oil paper is adopted as a collecting device.

In the acquisition of the ceramic fiber material, the parameters of the drying treatment and the sintering treatment are respectively as follows:

and (3) drying treatment: the temperature is 50-80 ℃, and the time is 1-2 h;

sintering treatment: the sintering temperature is 800-1400 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1-2 hours, the heating rate is 2-5 ℃/min, the cooling rate is furnace cooling, and the inert gas used in sintering is Ar atmosphere or N2 atmosphere.

A product which is a final product obtained according to the above-mentioned one of the production methods of the Si-Zr-O-C based ceramic fiber material.

The application of the product refers to the application of the obtained final product in the field of thermal insulation.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the invention relates to a preparation method, a product and application of a Si-Zr-O-C-based ceramic fiber material, which mainly comprises three steps of preparation of precursor sol spinning solution, preparation of precursor gel fiber and acquisition of a ceramic fiber material, wherein in the preparation of the precursor sol spinning solution, a primary solution is obtained by a zirconium source and a complexing agent, and then the primary solution, a spinning auxiliary agent solution and a silicon source are uniformly mixed to obtain the precursor sol spinning solution; after the preparation method is adopted, the obtained product has double effects of physical thermal barrier and dimensional thermal radiation thermal insulation when in application, wherein the physical thermal barrier is mainly embodied in that the zirconia crystal has low solid thermal conductivity, and the SiC has good infrared shielding capability, so that the infrared radiation of the material can be reduced at high temperature, and further the thermal conductivity can be physically reduced; the thermal-insulated main appearance of size heat radiation is at the final product that obtains of this design, high draw ratio has, its fiber diameter is located 1-3 microns, can scatter and twine near high temperature 1000 ℃'s environment heat radiation, increase fibre is to thermal separation effect, have concurrently thermal separation promptly and to infrared separation effect, in addition, when concrete application, the thermal separation of physics, thermal-insulated these two of size heat radiation complement each other, in order to gain better thermal-insulated effect (like Zr can catch O in order to form ZrO2 crystalline grain, do benefit to the refined fibre, and it can strengthen infrared shielding effect to refine the fibre, and then improve thermal-insulated effect), possess stronger mechanical properties simultaneously. Therefore, the invention can have heat insulation performance and mechanical performance under a high-temperature use environment.

2. The invention relates to a preparation method of a Si-Zr-O-C-based ceramic fiber material, a product and application thereof, wherein a primary solution is obtained by a zirconium source and a complexing agent, and then the primary solution, a spinning auxiliary agent solution and a silicon source are uniformly mixed to obtain a precursor sol spinning solution, wherein the zirconium source and the silicon source are subjected to hydrolysis and polycondensation reaction under the action of an auxiliary solvent and a catalyst to obtain a final precursor sol spinning solution, so that the hydrolysis and polycondensation reaction is indispensable and is beneficial to subsequent electrostatic spinning, and in order to ensure the normal realization of the hydrolysis and polycondensation reaction, the invention limits that the primary solution is obtained by the zirconium source and the complexing agent firstly, and the reason is that the zirconium source and the complexing agent are required to react firstly to form a bidentate bridge structure, and the complex with the bidentate bridge structure is very stable during hydrolysis and only has ester group hydrolyzed and polymerized, so as to obtain the required chain polymer, and further to finally facilitate spinning. Therefore, the steps between the preparation of the precursor sol spinning solution and the preparation of the precursor gel fiber have good connectivity, and the method is favorable for spinning to obtain a product meeting the diameter requirement and further favorable for high-temperature heat insulation.

3. In the preparation method, the product and the application of the Si-Zr-O-C-based ceramic fiber material, the precursor sol spinning solution prepared in the previous step is suitable for preparing precursor gel fibers by applying electrostatic spinning in the next step, so that ceramic fibers with uniform shapes and small fineness are obtained, and meanwhile, the electrostatic spinning is also beneficial to adjustment of the fiber size and improvement of the uniformity of fiber dispersion. Therefore, the invention not only has stronger adjustability, but also is beneficial to obtaining the ceramic fiber meeting the size requirement.

4. In the preparation method, the product and the application of the Si-Zr-O-C-based ceramic fiber material, after precursor gel fiber is obtained, drying treatment and sintering treatment are required to be sequentially carried out to obtain a final product, wherein the aim of drying and sintering is to remove a solvent, reduce excessive shrinkage during direct sintering, and in addition, if the direct sintering is carried out, a large amount of organic solvent and absorbed moisture in air easily cause irreversible damage to sintering equipment such as a corundum tube. Therefore, the invention not only can improve the quality of the final product, but also has better protection effect on equipment.

5. In the preparation method, the product and the application of the Si-Zr-O-C-based ceramic fiber material, the Zr source is added into the Si-Zr-O-C-based ceramic fiber material prepared by the invention, the cost can be effectively reduced, meanwhile, the precursor is the fiber obtained by electrostatic spinning, and the electrospinning can be continuously produced as long as sufficient spinning solution can be provided, so that the fiber continuity is ensured, in addition, the invention fuses the advantages of the SiC fiber, and simultaneously avoids the continuous production of the traditional SiC fiber, thereby avoiding the characteristics of high energy consumption and high pollution caused by the production, and the power consumption of about 8000 ℃ per 1 ton of black silicon carbide and the green silicon carbide are about 9300 ℃, thereby reducing the energy consumption and improving the environmental protection effect on the whole. Therefore, the invention has the advantages of low production cost, good fiber continuity, low energy consumption and strong environmental protection.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a thermal stability thermogram of Si-Zr-O-C ceramic fiber prepared in example 2 of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a microscopic morphology view of the Si-Zr-O-C based ceramic fiber prepared in example 3 of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following description and embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a method for preparing a Si-Zr-O-C based ceramic fiber material includes the steps of:

preparing a precursor sol spinning solution: dissolving a zirconium source in a complexing agent to obtain a primary solution, and mixing the primary solution, a silicon source and a spinning auxiliary agent solution to obtain a precursor sol spinning solution; the spinning auxiliary solution is composed of an auxiliary solute, an auxiliary solvent and a catalyst, wherein the auxiliary solute is any one or any mixture of the following substances: polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl glycol, polyoxyethylene alcohol;

preparing precursor gel fiber: performing electrostatic spinning on the precursor sol spinning solution to obtain precursor gel fibers;

obtaining of ceramic fiber material: and sequentially carrying out drying treatment and sintering treatment on the precursor gel fiber to obtain the ceramic fiber material.

In the preparation of the precursor sol spinning solution, the zirconium source and the silicon source are subjected to hydrolysis and polycondensation under the action of an auxiliary solvent and a catalyst.

The zirconium source, the complexing agent, the auxiliary solvent, the catalyst and the silicon source are combined optionally as follows:

a zirconium source: any one or any mixture of butyl zirconate, zirconium tetra-n-propoxide, zirconium isopropoxide and zirconium acetate;

complexing agent: any one or any mixture of citric acid, acetic acid and acetic acid;

auxiliary solvent: any one or any mixture of ethanol, isopropanol and dimethylformamide;

catalyst: any one or any mixture of nitric acid, hydrochloric acid and boric acid;

silicon source: one or any mixture of tetraethoxysilane, vinyl trimethoxy silane, methyl triethoxy silane, dimethyl diethoxy silane and polymethylphenyl siloxane.

In the precursor sol spinning solution, the dosage of the spinning auxiliary agent solution is 5-10 wt.%.

The amount of the spinning aid solution is 7.5wt. -%)

The dosage ratio of the zirconium source, the complexing agent, the silicon source, the auxiliary solvent and the catalyst is as follows:

a zirconium source: the mol ratio of the complexing agent is 1: (2-3);

a zirconium source: the molar ratio of the silicon source is (0.5-2): 1;

a zirconium source: the dosage ratio of the auxiliary solvent is (0.01-0.04) mol: (20-25) mL;

catalyst: the dosage ratio of the silicon source is (0.01-0.04) mol: (0.8-2) mL.

In the preparation of the precursor gel fiber, an injector is adopted to contain the precursor sol spinning solution, and an aluminum foil, release paper, non-woven fabric or silicon oil paper is adopted as a collecting device.

In the acquisition of the ceramic fiber material, the parameters of the drying treatment and the sintering treatment are respectively as follows:

and (3) drying treatment: the temperature is 50-80 ℃, and the time is 1-2 h;

sintering treatment: the sintering temperature is 800-1400 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1-2 hours, the heating rate is 2-5 ℃/min, the cooling rate is furnace cooling, and the inert gas used in sintering is Ar atmosphere or N2 atmosphere.

A product which is a final product obtained according to the above-mentioned one of the production methods of the Si-Zr-O-C based ceramic fiber material.

The application of the product refers to the application of the obtained final product in the field of thermal insulation.

The principle of the invention is illustrated as follows:

the preparation process of the spinning aid solution in the present invention preferably comprises the following steps: firstly, an auxiliary solute (such as PVP) is placed in a beaker, an auxiliary solvent (such as absolute ethyl alcohol) and a catalyst (such as nitric acid) are added, and then stirring (magnetic stirring, glass rod stirring or shaking stirring) and dispersion (ultrasonic dispersion or mechanical dispersion) are sequentially carried out so as to ensure that the auxiliary solute is fully and uniformly dispersed, thereby obtaining the spinning auxiliary solution.

The phases in the ceramic fiber material obtained in the present invention include a ZrO2 phase and a SiC phase. Among them, the ZrO2 phase has very low solid thermal conductivity but poor infrared shielding ability at high temperature, while the SiC phase has high solid thermal conductivity but excellent infrared shielding ability at high temperature. Therefore, the invention combines the advantages of the two and complements each other, so that the final product has low thermal conductivity and good high-temperature infrared shielding capability at the same time.

The substances involved in the invention and the abbreviations thereof are as follows: polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyethylene glycol (PEG), Polyoxy Enol (PEO), butyl zirconate (Zr (OC4H9) 4), tetra-n-propoxy zirconium Zr (oncopr) 4, ethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), Vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS), Methyltriethoxysilane (MTES), dimethyldiethoxysilane (DMDES), polymethylphenylsiloxane (PMPS), acetic acid (CH3 COOH)), Dimethylformamide (DMF).

In the present invention, it is preferable that the stirring time required for hydrolysis and polycondensation is from 0.5 to 2 hours.

The preferred technological parameters of electrospinning in the present invention are as follows: the voltage range is 10-20 kV, the injection rate is 1-1.5 ml/hr, the receiving distance is 10-15 cm, the spinning environment temperature is 20-40 ℃, and the spinning environment humidity is 20-70%;

example 1:

preparing a precursor sol spinning solution: weighing 1.91g of butyl zirconate to be dissolved in 0.6g of acetic acid solution, and continuously stirring to form uniform solution to obtain primary solution; placing 0.25g of PVP in a beaker, adding 4.75g of absolute ethyl alcohol and 0.5g of 1mol/L dilute nitric acid, magnetically stirring for 1 hour, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 10 minutes to ensure that the PVP is fully and uniformly dispersed to obtain a spinning auxiliary agent solution; adding the primary solution and 0.74g of VTMS into the spinning auxiliary solution, and stirring for 30 minutes at normal temperature to ensure that the zirconium source and the silicon source are sufficiently hydrolyzed and condensed to form precursor sol spinning solution;

preparing precursor gel fiber: the prepared precursor sol spinning solution is filled into a medical injector, the electrostatic spinning technology is adopted, the voltage is 20kV, the injection rate is 1.5mL/hr, the receiving distance is 15cm, the spinning environment temperature is 30 ℃, the spinning environment humidity is 30%, and uniform precursor gel fibers can be obtained on a collecting device;

obtaining of ceramic fiber material: putting the precursor gel fiber stripped from the collecting device in a forced air drying oven for drying at the temperature of 60 ℃ for 1 h; and sintering the dried fiber under the atmosphere of Ar inert gas, wherein the sintering temperature is 1000 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1 hour, the heating rate is 2 ℃/min, and finally, the cooling rate is furnace cooling to obtain a final product.

Example 2:

preparing a precursor sol spinning solution: weighing 1.91g of butyl zirconate to be dissolved in 0.6g of acetic acid solution, and continuously stirring to form uniform solution to obtain primary solution; placing 0.25g of PVP in a beaker, adding 4.75g of absolute ethyl alcohol and 0.5g of 1mol/L dilute nitric acid, magnetically stirring for 1 hour, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 10 minutes to ensure that the PVP is fully and uniformly dispersed to obtain a spinning auxiliary agent solution; adding the primary solution and 1.48g of VTMS into the spinning auxiliary solution, and stirring for 30 minutes at normal temperature to ensure that a zirconium source and a silicon source are sufficiently hydrolyzed and condensed to form precursor sol spinning solution;

preparing precursor gel fiber: filling the prepared precursor sol spinning solution into a medical injector, adopting an electrostatic spinning technology, wherein the voltage is 20kV, the injection rate is 1.5mL/hr, the receiving distance is 15cm, the spinning environment temperature is 30 ℃, the spinning environment humidity is 30%, and obtaining uniform precursor gel fibers on a collecting device;

obtaining of ceramic fiber material: putting the precursor gel fiber stripped from the collecting device in a forced air drying oven for drying at the temperature of 60 ℃ for 1 h; and sintering the dried fiber under the atmosphere of Ar inert gas, wherein the sintering temperature is 1000 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1 hour, the heating rate is 2 ℃/min, and finally, the cooling rate is furnace cooling to obtain a final product.

As can be seen from FIG. 1, the final product Si-Zr-O-C based ceramic fiber material has better thermal stability.

Example 3:

preparing a precursor sol spinning solution: weighing 1.91g of butyl zirconate to be dissolved in 0.6g of acetic acid solution, and continuously stirring to form uniform solution to obtain primary solution; placing 0.25g of PVP in a beaker, adding 4.75g of absolute ethyl alcohol and 0.5g of 1mol/L dilute nitric acid, magnetically stirring for 1 hour, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 10 minutes to ensure that the PVP is fully and uniformly dispersed to obtain a spinning auxiliary agent solution; adding the primary solution and 1.48g of VTMS into a spinning auxiliary agent, and stirring for 30 minutes at normal temperature to ensure that a zirconium source and a silicon source are sufficiently hydrolyzed and polycondensed to form a precursor sol spinning solution;

preparing precursor gel fiber: filling the prepared precursor sol spinning solution into a medical injector, adopting an electrostatic spinning technology, wherein the voltage is 15 kV, the injection rate is 1.5mL/hr, the receiving distance is 15cm, the spinning environment temperature is 30 ℃, the spinning environment humidity is 30%, and obtaining uniform precursor gel fibers on a collecting device;

obtaining of ceramic fiber material: putting the precursor gel fiber stripped from the collecting device in a forced air drying oven for drying at the temperature of 60 ℃ for 1 h; and sintering the dried fiber under the atmosphere of Ar inert gas, wherein the sintering temperature is 1000 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1 hour, the heating rate is 2 ℃/min, and finally, the cooling rate is furnace cooling to obtain a final product.

As can be seen from FIG. 2, the size diameter of the fibers is less than 2 μm, which can greatly obstruct the material from blocking infrared radiation, and thus, the effect of size heat radiation heat insulation is achieved.

Example 4:

preparing a precursor sol spinning solution: weighing 1.91g of butyl zirconate to be dissolved in 0.6g of acetic acid solution, and continuously stirring to form uniform solution to obtain primary solution; placing 0.25g of PVP in a beaker, adding 4.75g of absolute ethyl alcohol and 0.5g of 1mol/L dilute nitric acid, magnetically stirring for 1 hour, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 10 minutes to ensure that the PVP is fully and uniformly dispersed to obtain a spinning auxiliary agent solution; adding the primary solution and 1.48g of VTMS into a spinning auxiliary agent, and stirring for 30 minutes at normal temperature to ensure that a zirconium source and a silicon source are sufficiently hydrolyzed and polycondensed to form a precursor sol spinning solution;

preparing precursor gel fiber: filling the prepared precursor sol spinning solution into a medical injector, adopting an electrostatic spinning technology, wherein the voltage is 20kV, the injection rate is 1.5mL/hr, the receiving distance is 15cm, the spinning environment temperature is 30 ℃, the spinning environment humidity is 30%, and obtaining uniform precursor gel fibers on a collecting device;

obtaining of ceramic fiber material: putting the precursor gel fiber stripped from the collecting device in a forced air drying oven for drying at the temperature of 60 ℃ for 1 h; and sintering the dried fiber under the atmosphere of Ar inert gas, wherein the sintering temperature is 800 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1 hour, the heating rate is 2 ℃/min, and finally, the cooling rate is furnace cooling to obtain a final product.

Example 5:

preparing a precursor sol spinning solution: weighing 1.91g of butyl zirconate to be dissolved in 0.6g of acetic acid solution, and continuously stirring to form uniform solution to obtain primary solution; placing 0.25g of PVP in a beaker, adding 4.75g of absolute ethyl alcohol and 0.5g of 1mol/L dilute nitric acid, magnetically stirring for 1 hour, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 10 minutes to ensure that the PVP is fully and uniformly dispersed to obtain a spinning auxiliary agent solution; adding the primary solution and 1.48g of VTMS into a spinning auxiliary agent, and stirring for 30 minutes at normal temperature to ensure that a zirconium source and a silicon source are sufficiently hydrolyzed and polycondensed to form a precursor sol spinning solution;

preparing precursor gel fiber: filling the prepared precursor sol spinning solution into a medical injector, adopting an electrostatic spinning technology, wherein the voltage is 20kV, the injection rate is 1.5mL/hr, the receiving distance is 15cm, the spinning environment temperature is 30 ℃, the spinning environment humidity is 30%, and obtaining uniform precursor gel fibers on a collecting device;

obtaining of ceramic fiber material: putting the precursor gel fiber stripped from the collecting device in a forced air drying oven for drying at the temperature of 60 ℃ for 1 h; and sintering the dried fiber under the atmosphere of N2 as inert gas, wherein the sintering temperature is 1000 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1 hour, the heating rate is 2 ℃/min, and finally, the cooling rate is furnace cooling to obtain a final product.

Example 6:

preparing a precursor sol spinning solution: weighing 1.91g of butyl zirconate to be dissolved in 0.6g of acetic acid solution, and continuously stirring to form uniform solution to obtain primary solution; placing 0.50g of PVP in a beaker, adding 4.50g of absolute ethyl alcohol and 0.5g of 1mol/L dilute nitric acid, magnetically stirring for 1 hour, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 10 minutes to ensure that the PVP is fully and uniformly dispersed to obtain a spinning auxiliary agent solution; adding the primary solution and 1.48g of VTMS into a spinning auxiliary agent, and stirring for 30 minutes at normal temperature to ensure that a zirconium source and a silicon source are sufficiently hydrolyzed and polycondensed to form a precursor sol spinning solution;

preparing precursor gel fiber: filling the prepared precursor sol spinning solution into a medical injector, adopting an electrostatic spinning technology, wherein the voltage is 20kV, the injection rate is 1.5mL/hr, the receiving distance is 15cm, the spinning environment temperature is 30 ℃, the spinning environment humidity is 30%, and obtaining uniform precursor gel fibers on a collecting device;

obtaining of ceramic fiber material: putting the precursor gel fiber stripped from the collecting device in a forced air drying oven for drying at the temperature of 60 ℃ for 1 h; and sintering the dried fiber under the atmosphere of Ar inert gas, wherein the sintering temperature is 1000 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1 hour, the heating rate is 2 ℃/min, and finally, the cooling rate is furnace cooling to obtain a final product.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, but equivalent modifications or changes made by those skilled in the art according to the present disclosure should be included in the scope of the present invention as set forth in the appended claims.