阅读说明：本技术 海上浮动核电站及其取水排水控制方法 (Marine floating nuclear power station and water taking and draining control method thereof ) 是由 韩华伟 高西健 滕瑶 徐郎君 闫永军 徐芹亮 史丰智 刘廉浩 董秀萍 吴延明 于 2021-06-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种海上浮动核电站及其取水排水控制方法。海上浮动核电站包括核电供应系统、海水淡化系统以及取水排水系统。核电供应系统包括汽轮发电机以及冷却循环三回路；海水淡化系统用于对海水进行处理而得到淡水；取水排水系统包括取水机构、换热器和排水机构；取水机构取水口和输送口,输送口与冷却循环三回路连接而将海水输送至冷却循环三回路内；排水机构具有排水口和输入口,输入口与海水淡化系统连接以向外排放浓盐水；换热器具有能进行热交换的热源通道和冷源通道,冷却循环三回路的出口所输送的冷却水与海水原水进行热交换,进而使升温后的海水原水进入海水淡化系统,降温后的冷却水经排水口排向大海。(The invention provides a marine floating nuclear power station and a water taking and draining control method thereof. The offshore floating nuclear power station comprises a nuclear power supply system, a seawater desalination system and a water taking and draining system. The nuclear power supply system comprises a turbine generator and a cooling circulation three-loop; the seawater desalination system is used for processing seawater to obtain fresh water; the water taking and draining system comprises a water taking mechanism, a heat exchanger and a draining mechanism; the water taking mechanism comprises a water taking port and a conveying port, wherein the conveying port is connected with the three cooling circulation loops to convey seawater into the three cooling circulation loops; the water discharging mechanism is provided with a water discharging port and an input port, and the input port is connected with the seawater desalination system to discharge strong brine outwards; the heat exchanger is provided with a heat source channel and a cold source channel which can exchange heat, cooling water conveyed by the outlets of the cooling circulation three loops exchanges heat with seawater raw water, the heated seawater raw water enters the seawater desalination system, and the cooled cooling water is discharged to the sea through the water outlet.)

1. A marine floating nuclear power plant, comprising:

the nuclear power supply system comprises a turbine generator and a cooling circulation three-loop which is connected with the turbine generator and used for cooling the turbine generator;

the seawater desalination system is used for processing seawater to obtain fresh water;

the water taking and draining system comprises a water taking mechanism, a heat exchanger and a draining mechanism; the water taking mechanism is provided with a water taking port communicated with the sea and a conveying port, and the conveying port is connected with the three cooling circulation loops to convey seawater into the three cooling circulation loops; the water drainage mechanism is provided with a water drainage port communicated with the sea and an input port, and the input port is connected with the seawater desalination system to discharge strong brine outwards; the heat exchanger is provided with a heat source channel and a cold source channel which can perform heat exchange, the two ends of the heat source channel are respectively connected with the outlet and the input port of the three cooling circulation loops, the two ends of the cold source channel are respectively connected with the conveying port and the inlet of the seawater desalination system, so that cooling water conveyed by the outlet of the three cooling circulation loops is subjected to heat exchange with seawater raw water, the heated seawater raw water enters the seawater desalination system, and the cooled cooling water is discharged to the sea through the water outlet.

2. The marine floating nuclear power plant of claim 1, wherein the water drainage mechanism comprises:

one end of the connecting pipe is connected with the heat source channel of the heat exchanger, and the other end of the connecting pipe extends to the position below the sea surface;

the buried pipe is positioned below the seabed, and one end of the buried pipe is connected with the connecting pipe;

a discharge tube having a first end and a second end; the first end is connected with the other end of the buried pipe opposite to the connecting pipe, the second end extends upwards beyond the seabed and is positioned below the sea surface, and the second end port forms the water outlet.

3. The marine floating nuclear power plant of claim 2, wherein the vent pipe comprises a main vent pipe and a plurality of spare vent pipes; the main drainage pipe is provided with a main drainage port, the spare drainage pipe is provided with a spare drainage port, the spare drainage port is provided with a blocking piece, and when the pressure of the main drainage port is greater than a pressure threshold value which can be borne by the blocking piece, the blocking piece is damaged, so that the spare drainage port is communicated with the outside.

4. The marine floating nuclear power plant of claim 2, wherein the connection pipe is a hose;

the drainage mechanism further comprises:

pulleys provided on a side of a hull of the marine floating nuclear power plant; the connecting pipe is wound on the pulley, and the connecting pipe is converted by the pulley to extend to the sea surface;

a floating ball having buoyancy and capable of floating on the sea surface; the floating ball is connected with the connecting pipe to lift the connecting pipe;

and the tractor is arranged on the hull and is connected with the floating ball so as to adjust the distance between the floating ball and the seabed.

5. The marine floating nuclear power plant of claim 1, wherein the distance between the water discharge opening and the hull of the marine floating nuclear power plant is 1000 meters or more.

6. The marine floating nuclear power plant of claim 1, wherein the number of the water discharge mechanisms is two; the two drainage mechanisms are symmetrically arranged about the hull of the marine floating nuclear power plant.

7. The marine floating nuclear power plant of claim 1, wherein said water intake mechanism comprises:

the bottom of the subsea valve box is positioned below the sea surface and above the sea bed; the bottom of the subsea valve box forms the water intake;

the filter screen is detachably arranged at the water inlet and is used for filtering the seawater entering the subsea valve box;

the water taking pump is arranged at the top of the seabed valve box and used for pumping water; the outlet of the water taking pump forms the conveying opening.

8. The marine floating nuclear power plant of claim 7, wherein the bottom of the subsea valve box is provided with a vertically extending rail;

the filter screen is in a frame shape, and a sliding block capable of sliding along the rail is arranged on the periphery of the filter screen, so that the filter screen can be lifted relative to the seabed valve box;

the water taking mechanism further comprises a limiting piece for limiting the filter screen and the seabed valve box to move relatively along the vertical direction.

9. The marine floating nuclear power plant of claim 1, wherein the distance between the intake and the discharge is 1000 meters or more.

10. The marine floating nuclear power plant of claim 1, wherein the number of said water intake mechanisms is plural;

the plurality of water taking mechanisms are divided into two groups which are respectively arranged at two sides of the hull of the marine floating nuclear power plant in the transverse direction, and the two groups of water taking mechanisms are communicated;

each group of water taking mechanism comprises a plurality of water taking mechanisms arranged along the longitudinal interval of the ship body, and the plurality of water taking mechanisms are connected.

11. The offshore floating nuclear power plant of claim 1, wherein the discharge mechanism further comprises a converging pipeline arranged upstream of the connecting pipeline, and the outlet of the heat source channel of the heat exchanger and the discharge port of the seawater desalination system are both communicated with the converging pipeline, so that the concentrated brine is mixed with the water discharged from the heat source channel and then is conveyed to the connecting pipeline.

12. The marine floating nuclear power plant of claim 1, wherein said venting means further comprises a water line; the water utilization pipeline is connected with an outlet of the seawater desalination system and the three cooling circulation loops so as to convey strong brine to the three cooling circulation loops for cooling the turbonator.

13. The marine floating nuclear power plant of claim 1, wherein the water intake and drainage system further comprises a control device; the control device includes:

the water temperature detector is arranged at the outlet end of the three cooling circulation loops to detect the real-time water temperature of the cooling water discharged by the nuclear power supply system;

the controller is simultaneously electrically connected with the water temperature detector, the water taking mechanism and the seawater desalination system; the controller receives the real-time water temperature detected by the water temperature detector and controls the water taking pump and the seawater desalination system to be started according to the real-time water temperature.

14. The marine floating nuclear power plant of claim 13, wherein the control means further comprises a drain pressure detector disposed at the drain;

the drainage pressure detector detects a drainage pressure value at the drainage port, and the controller sends an alarm signal when the drainage pressure value is greater than a first preset drainage pressure value.

15. The marine floating nuclear power plant of claim 14, wherein the water discharge comprises a primary water discharge and a plurality of spare water discharges; when the drainage pressure value is larger than or smaller than a second preset drainage pressure value, the controller controls the standby drainage outlet to be opened;

and the second preset drainage pressure value is smaller than the first preset drainage pressure value.

16. The marine floating nuclear power plant of claim 14, wherein the water discharge comprises a primary water discharge and a plurality of spare water discharges; the control device also comprises a flow detector arranged at the main water drainage port;

the flow detector detects a flow value at the main water outlet, and the controller controls the standby water outlet to be opened when the flow value is larger than a preset flow value.

17. The marine floating nuclear power plant of claim 13, wherein the control means further comprises a water intake pressure detector disposed at the water intake;

the water taking pressure detector detects the water taking pressure value at the water taking port, and the controller sends an alarm signal when the water taking pressure value is greater than a water taking preset pressure value.

18. The marine floating nuclear power plant of claim 13, wherein the control means further comprises a water quality detector that detects a water quality condition; the water intake of the water intake mechanism, the inlet and the outlet of the cold source channel, the inlet and the outlet of the heat source channel and the outlet end of the seawater desalination system are all provided with the water quality detector;

and when the water quality detected by any one of the water quality detectors does not meet the preset requirement, the controller sends an alarm signal.

19. The marine floating nuclear power plant of claim 1, wherein the secondary cooling cycle loop of the nuclear power supply system is connected to a fresh water outlet of the seawater desalination system to receive fresh water from the seawater desalination system.

20. A water intake and drainage control method for a marine floating nuclear power station is characterized by comprising the following steps:

starting a nuclear power supply system;

detecting the real-time water temperature of cooling water discharged by a cooling circulation three-loop of a nuclear power supply system;

when the real-time water temperature reaches a preset water temperature, controlling the water taking mechanism to be started and controlling the seawater desalination system to be started;

the seawater pumped by the water taking mechanism and the cooling water are subjected to heat exchange in the heat exchanger, the seawater after absorbing heat enters a seawater desalination system, and the cooling water after reducing the temperature is discharged to the sea.

21. The method for controlling water intake and drainage of a marine floating nuclear power plant according to claim 20, further comprising the steps of:

detecting a real-time pressure value at the drain port;

and when the real-time pressure value is greater than a first preset drainage pressure value, the controller sends an alarm signal.

22. The method for controlling water intake and drainage of a marine floating nuclear power plant according to claim 21, further comprising the steps of:

detecting a real-time pressure value at the drain port;

when the real-time pressure value is larger than a second preset drainage pressure value, controlling a standby drainage port of the drainage mechanism to be opened;

and the second preset drainage pressure value is smaller than the first preset drainage pressure value.

23. The method for controlling water intake and drainage of a marine floating nuclear power plant according to claim 21, further comprising the steps of:

detecting a flow value at the water outlet;

and when the flow value is larger than the preset flow value, controlling a standby drainage port of the drainage mechanism to be opened.

24. The method for controlling water intake and drainage of a marine floating nuclear power plant according to claim 20, further comprising the steps of:

detecting real-time pressure, real-time flow and water quality of the nuclear power supply system;

and when the real-time pressure is greater than or less than a preset pressure value and the real-time flow is greater than or less than a preset flow value, outputting alarm information or closing the nuclear power supply system when the water quality does not meet preset requirements.

25. The method for controlling water intake and drainage of a marine floating nuclear power plant according to claim 20, further comprising the steps of:

detecting the real-time pressure, the real-time flow and the water quality of the seawater desalination system;

and when the real-time pressure is greater than or less than a preset pressure value and the real-time flow is greater than or less than a preset flow value, outputting alarm information or closing the seawater desalination system when the water quality does not meet preset requirements.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of marine equipment, in particular to a marine floating nuclear power station and a water taking and draining control method thereof.

Background

The offshore floating nuclear power station is a product of organically combining ship engineering and nuclear engineering, is a movable nuclear power station built by using a floating platform (such as a ship), can be used in places without power grids, where the distance between people is rare and the sea is close to the sea (including south pole areas and north pole areas), and can also be used in remote areas without a large power grid system and the energy-intensive seawater desalination field.

The marine floating nuclear power station comprises a primary loop, a secondary loop and a tertiary loop. Wherein, the cooling water consumption of the second loop and the third loop is larger, the temperature of the discharged cooling water is slightly higher (15-40 ℃), and the discharge amount is also larger. However, when the cooling water is directly discharged into the sea, the temperature of the water in the nearby sea area is increased, and further, a marine environment chain reaction such as microorganisms, seaweeds, and fishes may occur.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a marine floating nuclear power station which discharges nuclear power cooling water with a lower temperature outwards and a water taking and draining control method thereof, so as to solve the problems in the prior art.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a floating nuclear power plant on the sea, comprising:

the nuclear power supply system comprises a turbine generator and a cooling circulation three-loop which is connected with the turbine generator and used for cooling the turbine generator;

the seawater desalination system is used for processing seawater to obtain fresh water;

the water taking and draining system comprises a water taking mechanism, a heat exchanger and a draining mechanism; the water taking mechanism is provided with a water taking port communicated with the sea and a conveying port, and the conveying port is connected with the three cooling circulation loops to convey seawater into the three cooling circulation loops; the water drainage mechanism is provided with a water drainage port communicated with the sea and an input port, and the input port is connected with the seawater desalination system to discharge strong brine outwards; the heat exchanger is provided with a heat source channel and a cold source channel which can perform heat exchange, the two ends of the heat source channel are respectively connected with the outlet and the input port of the three cooling circulation loops, the two ends of the cold source channel are respectively connected with the conveying port and the inlet of the seawater desalination system, so that cooling water conveyed by the outlet of the three cooling circulation loops is subjected to heat exchange with seawater raw water, the heated seawater raw water enters the seawater desalination system, and the cooled cooling water is discharged to the sea through the water outlet.

In one embodiment, the drainage mechanism comprises:

one end of the connecting pipe is connected with the heat source channel of the heat exchanger, and the other end of the connecting pipe extends to the position below the sea surface;

the buried pipe is positioned below the seabed, and one end of the buried pipe is connected with the connecting pipe;

a discharge tube having a first end and a second end; the first end is connected with the other end of the buried pipe opposite to the connecting pipe, the second end extends upwards beyond the seabed and is positioned below the sea surface, and the second end port forms the water outlet.

In one embodiment, the drain pipe comprises a main drain pipe and a plurality of spare drain pipes; the main drainage pipe is provided with a main drainage port, the spare drainage pipe is provided with a spare drainage port, the spare drainage port is provided with a blocking piece, and when the pressure of the main drainage port is greater than a pressure threshold value which can be borne by the blocking piece, the blocking piece is damaged, so that the spare drainage port is communicated with the outside.

In one embodiment, the connecting pipe is a hose;

the drainage mechanism further comprises:

pulleys provided on a side of a hull of the marine floating nuclear power plant; the connecting pipe is wound on the pulley, and the connecting pipe is converted by the pulley to extend to the sea surface;

a floating ball having buoyancy and capable of floating on the sea surface; the floating ball is connected with the connecting pipe to lift the connecting pipe;

and the tractor is arranged on the hull and is connected with the floating ball so as to adjust the distance between the floating ball and the seabed.

In one embodiment, the distance between the water discharge port and the hull of the offshore floating nuclear power plant is greater than or equal to 1000 meters.

In one embodiment, the number of the drainage mechanisms is two; the two drainage mechanisms are symmetrically arranged about the hull of the marine floating nuclear power plant.

In one embodiment, the water intake mechanism includes:

the bottom of the subsea valve box is positioned below the sea surface and above the sea bed; the bottom of the subsea valve box forms the water intake;

the filter screen is detachably arranged at the water inlet and is used for filtering the seawater entering the subsea valve box;

the water taking pump is arranged at the top of the seabed valve box and used for pumping water; the outlet of the water taking pump forms the conveying opening.

In one embodiment, the bottom of the subsea valve box is provided with a vertically extending rail;

the filter screen is in a frame shape, and a sliding block capable of sliding along the rail is arranged on the periphery of the filter screen, so that the filter screen can be lifted relative to the seabed valve box;

the water taking mechanism further comprises a limiting piece for limiting the filter screen and the seabed valve box to move relatively along the vertical direction.

In one embodiment, the distance between the water intake and the water discharge is greater than or equal to 1000 meters.

In one embodiment, the number of the water intake mechanisms is multiple;

the plurality of water taking mechanisms are divided into two groups which are respectively arranged at two sides of the hull of the marine floating nuclear power plant in the transverse direction, and the two groups of water taking mechanisms are communicated;

each group of water taking mechanism comprises a plurality of water taking mechanisms arranged along the longitudinal interval of the ship body, and the plurality of water taking mechanisms are connected.

In one embodiment, the discharge mechanism further includes a converging pipeline disposed upstream of the connection pipeline, and both an outlet of the heat source channel of the heat exchanger and a discharge port of the seawater desalination system are communicated with the converging pipeline, so that the concentrated brine and the water discharged from the heat source channel are mixed and then delivered to the connection pipeline.

In one embodiment, the discharge mechanism further comprises a water line; the water utilization pipeline is connected with an outlet of the seawater desalination system and the three cooling circulation loops so as to convey strong brine to the three cooling circulation loops for cooling the turbonator.

In one embodiment, the water intake and drainage system further comprises a control device; the control device includes:

the water temperature detector is arranged at the outlet end of the three cooling circulation loops to detect the real-time water temperature of the cooling water discharged by the nuclear power supply system;

the controller is simultaneously electrically connected with the water temperature detector, the water taking mechanism and the seawater desalination system; the controller receives the real-time water temperature detected by the water temperature detector and controls the water taking pump and the seawater desalination system to be started according to the real-time water temperature.

In one embodiment, the control device further comprises a drain pressure detector disposed at the drain;

the drainage pressure detector detects a drainage pressure value at the drainage port, and the controller sends an alarm signal when the drainage pressure value is greater than a first preset drainage pressure value.

In one embodiment, the drain opening comprises a main drain opening and a plurality of spare drain openings; when the drainage pressure value is larger than or smaller than a second preset drainage pressure value, the controller controls the standby drainage outlet to be opened;

and the second preset drainage pressure value is smaller than the first preset drainage pressure value.

In one embodiment, the drain opening comprises a main drain opening and a plurality of spare drain openings; the control device also comprises a flow detector arranged at the main water drainage port;

the flow detector detects a flow value at the main water outlet, and the controller controls the standby water outlet to be opened when the flow value is larger than a preset flow value.

In one embodiment, the control device further comprises a water intake pressure detector arranged at the water intake;

the controller is used for detecting the water taking pressure value at the water taking port by the water taking pressure detector, and sending an alarm signal when the water taking pressure value is greater than a water taking preset pressure value.

In one embodiment, the control device further comprises a water quality detector for detecting the water quality condition; the water intake of the water intake mechanism, the inlet and the outlet of the cold source channel, the inlet and the outlet of the heat source channel and the outlet end of the seawater desalination system are all provided with the water quality detector;

and when the water quality detected by the water quality detector does not meet the preset requirement, the controller sends an alarm signal.

In one embodiment, the second cooling cycle loop of the nuclear power supply system is connected to the fresh water outlet of the seawater desalination system to receive fresh water from the seawater desalination system.

The invention also provides a water taking and draining control method of the marine floating nuclear power station, which comprises the following steps:

starting a nuclear power supply system;

detecting the real-time water temperature of cooling water discharged by a cooling circulation three-loop of a nuclear power supply system;

when the real-time water temperature reaches a preset water temperature, controlling the water taking mechanism to be started and controlling the seawater desalination system to be started;

the seawater pumped by the water taking mechanism and the cooling water are subjected to heat exchange in the heat exchanger, the seawater after absorbing heat enters a seawater desalination system, and the cooling water after reducing the temperature is discharged to the sea.

In one embodiment, the control method further includes the steps of:

detecting a real-time pressure value at the drain port;

and when the real-time pressure value is greater than a first preset drainage pressure value, the controller sends an alarm signal.

In one embodiment, the control method further includes the steps of:

detecting a real-time pressure value at the drain port;

when the real-time pressure value is larger than a second preset drainage pressure value, controlling a standby drainage port of the drainage mechanism to be opened;

and the second preset drainage pressure value is smaller than the first preset drainage pressure value.

In one embodiment, the control method further includes the steps of:

detecting a flow value at the water outlet;

and when the flow value is larger than the preset flow value, controlling a standby drainage port of the drainage mechanism to be opened.

In one embodiment, the control method further includes the steps of:

detecting real-time pressure, real-time flow and water quality of the nuclear power supply system;

and when the real-time pressure is greater than or less than a preset pressure value and the real-time flow is greater than or less than a preset flow value, outputting alarm information or closing the nuclear power supply system when the water quality does not meet preset requirements.

In one embodiment, the control method further includes the steps of:

detecting the real-time pressure, the real-time flow and the water quality of the seawater desalination system;

and when the real-time pressure is greater than or less than a preset pressure value and the real-time flow is greater than or less than a preset flow value, outputting alarm information or closing the seawater desalination system when the water quality does not meet preset requirements.

According to the technical scheme, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:

the invention relates to a sea and mountain floating nuclear power station, which comprises a nuclear power supply system, a seawater desalination system and a water taking and discharging system. The water taking and draining system comprises a heat exchanger, when the nuclear power supply system discharges cooling water outwards, the cooling water and seawater raw water are subjected to heat exchange in the heat exchanger, the temperature of the cooling water discharged by the nuclear power supply system is reduced through the seawater raw water, and the temperature of the cooling water discharged to the sea is lower. Meanwhile, the seawater raw water after heat absorption enters a seawater desalination system, so that the production efficiency of seawater desalination is improved.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of one embodiment of the marine floating nuclear power plant of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a partial schematic view of fig. 1 according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a top view of one embodiment of the marine floating nuclear power plant of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a partial schematic view of fig. 3 according to the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the water intake and drainage system of the present invention.

The reference numerals are explained below: 1. a marine floating nuclear power station; 11. a hull; 12. a nuclear power supply system; 121. a nuclear reactor; 122. a steam turbine generator; 123. a second loop; 124. a cooling circulation three loop; 13. a seawater desalination system; 141. a water taking mechanism; 1411. a subsea valve box; 1412. a filter screen; 142. a heat exchanger; 143. a drainage mechanism; 1431. connecting a pipeline; 1432. burying a pipe; 1433. a discharge pipe; 1434. a main drainage port; 1435. a spare water outlet; 1436. a pulley; 1437. a floating ball; 1438. a tractor; 1439. a support frame;

2. sea; 21. the seabed.

Detailed Description

Exemplary embodiments that embody features and advantages of the invention are described in detail below in the specification. It is to be understood that the invention is capable of other embodiments and that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention and the description and drawings are to be regarded as illustrative in nature and not as restrictive.

For further explanation of the principles and construction of the present invention, reference will now be made in detail to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the present invention provides a floating nuclear power plant 1, which includes a hull 11, and a nuclear power supply system 12, a seawater desalination system 13, and a water intake and drainage system, which are disposed on the hull 11. When the nuclear power supply system 12 discharges the cooling water to the outside, it exchanges heat with the seawater raw water first, and the temperature of the cooling water discharged from the nuclear power supply system 12 is reduced by the seawater raw water, so that the temperature of the cooling water discharged to the sea 2 is low. Meanwhile, the seawater raw water after heat absorption enters the seawater desalination system 13, so that the production efficiency of seawater desalination is improved.

The nuclear power supply system 12 includes a nuclear reactor 121, a primary circuit 123, a cooling cycle tertiary circuit 124, and a turbine generator 122.

Nuclear reactor 121 is used to convert atomic energy into electrical energy.

The primary loop is the heat source of the nuclear power plant, generates heat energy through nuclear fission, and can transfer the heat energy to the secondary loop 123.

The secondary loop 123 converts the heat energy obtained from the primary loop into electrical energy via the turbine generator 122.

Cooling cycle the three-circuit 124 is the final heat sink of the nuclear power plant, and discharges the heat of the first and second circuits 123, ensuring safe operation of the first and second circuits 123, and cools the cold end of the second circuit 123 so that the second circuit 123 becomes a cycle.

The structure of the nuclear reactor 121, the first loop, the second loop 123 and the third cooling cycle loop 124 is not modified in the present application, and specific structure thereof is referred to in the related art and is not repeated herein.

The seawater desalination system 13 comprises a pretreatment mechanism, an ultrafiltration mechanism and a reverse osmosis mechanism.

The pretreatment mechanism is used for pretreating seawater to obtain clean seawater.

The ultrafiltration mechanism is connected with the pretreatment mechanism and carries out ultrafiltration treatment on the clean seawater to obtain ultrafiltration water. Specifically, the ultrafiltration mechanism comprises a UF ultrafiltration membrane.

The reverse osmosis mechanism is connected with the ultrafiltration mechanism and carries out high-pressure reverse osmosis treatment on the ultrafiltration water to obtain required fresh water and strong brine, and the strong brine is continuously discharged to the sea 2.

Specifically, the reverse osmosis mechanism comprises a primary RO (reverse osmosis) reverse osmosis module and a secondary RO (reverse osmosis) reverse osmosis module.

The structure of pretreatment mechanism, ultrafiltration mechanism and reverse osmosis mechanism is not modified to this application, and its specific structure refers to the correlation technique, and it is not repeated here to repeat.

The fresh water output port of the seawater desalination system 13 is connected with the steam turbine generator 122, that is, the fresh water processed by the seawater desalination system 13 enters the second loop 123 from the steam turbine generator 122 for circulation cooling and enters the nuclear reactor 121, and the steam generated by the nuclear reactor 121 is supplied to the steam turbine generator 122 for power generation.

The water taking and draining system is used for pumping the seawater in the sea 2 and supplying the seawater to the nuclear power supply system 12 and the seawater desalination system 13, and is used for discharging cooling water required to be discharged by the nuclear power supply system 12 and strong brine discharged by the seawater desalination system 13 into the sea 2.

Referring to fig. 1 and 3, in the present embodiment, a ship hull 11 is provided with two nuclear power supply systems 12, two seawater desalination systems 13, and two water intake and drainage systems. The two seawater desalination systems 13 are arranged at intervals, the two nuclear power supply systems 12 are located between the two seawater desalination systems 13, and the two seawater desalination systems 13 and the two nuclear power supply systems 12 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence manner. The water intake and drainage system is arranged on the other side of the seawater desalination system 13 opposite to the nuclear power supply system. Specifically, a water taking and draining system, a seawater desalination system 13, a nuclear power supply system 12, a seawater desalination system 13, and a water taking and draining system are sequentially arranged along the longitudinal direction of the hull 11.

Specifically, the water taking and draining system includes a water taking mechanism 141, a heat exchanger 142, and a draining mechanism 143.

In this embodiment, the number of the water intake mechanisms 141 of each water intake and drainage system is two, the two water intake mechanisms 141 are arranged at a distance in the lateral direction, and the two water intake mechanisms 141 are communicated with each other. In other embodiments, the number of the water intake mechanisms 141 of each water intake and drainage system may be three, four, or other numbers. The specific setting can be according to actual need.

The water intake mechanisms 141 of the water intake and drainage systems communicate with each other. In this embodiment, the two water intake mechanisms 141 located in the same longitudinal direction are communicated with each other.

Therefore, the four water intake mechanisms 141 on the hull 11 are communicated with each other two by two, and can be mutually standby two by two.

Each water intake mechanism 141 includes a subsea valve box 1411, a filter screen 1412, and a water intake pump.

The bottom of the subsea valve pod 1411 is located below the sea surface above the sea floor 21, i.e., the bottom of the subsea valve pod 1411 is in communication with the sea water. The top of the subsea valve pod 1411 extends up to above the sea surface and on the hull 11.

The bottom of the subsea valve box 1411 forms the intake.

A filter screen 1412 is detachably provided at the water intake for filtering the seawater entering the subsea valve box 1411. Wherein, the filter screen 1412 adopts a stainless steel anti-corrosion screen.

The filter screen 1412 is detachably connected with the subsea valve box 1411, so that when part or even all of the filter screen 1412 is blocked by algae or pollutants, the pressure in the subsea valve box 1411 is increased until the pressure is high enough to damage the bottoms of the filter screen 1412 and the subsea valve box 1411, and the water intake can continue to intake water. The broken filter screens 1412 can be replaced at a later stage.

The filtering net 1412 is of a frame structure, that is, the filtering net 1412 has a certain height. The filter net 1412 specifically includes a bottom wall and four side walls, and the bottom wall and the four side walls are all provided with a plurality of openings to allow seawater to enter the subsea valve box 1411. A frame-type filtering net 1412 is used so that seawater can enter the subsea valve box 1411 from the bottom and the side at the same time.

Further, the filter screen 1412 may be raised and lowered relative to the subsea valve box 1411 to regulate the flow of seawater into the subsea valve box 1411. In this embodiment, the inner peripheral wall of the subsea valve box 1411 is provided with a vertically extending chute. The periphery of the filter screen 1412 is provided with a slide block which can move up and down along the slide groove, so that the filter screen 1412 can lift up and down along the subsea valve box 1411.

The filter screen 1412 and the subsea valve box 1411 are limited by a limiting member, that is, after the height of the filter screen 1412 is adjusted, the movement between the filter screen 1412 and the subsea valve box is limited by the limiting member. Illustratively, a limit hole is formed in the subsea valve box 1411, and the limit piece is connected to the filter screen 1412 and can be inserted into the limit hole to limit the movement between the two.

The water intake pump is arranged at the top of the subsea valve box 1411 and provides power for pumping seawater. The outlet of the water pump forms a conveying port. The transfer port is connected to the cooling circulation three-circuit 124, thereby supplying seawater raw water for cooling the turbine generator 122.

The delivery port of the water taking pump is provided with a pressure detector, a water temperature detector and a flow detector to detect the pressure, the water temperature and the flow at the delivery port of the water taking pump.

The heat exchanger 142 has a heat source channel and a cold source channel capable of performing heat exchange, that is, the cold source in the cold source channel performs heat exchange with the medium in the heat source channel, so that the cold source in the cold source channel cools the medium in the heat source channel.

The inlet end of the cold source channel is connected with the delivery port of the water taking pump, so that the seawater raw water is used as a cold source. The inlet end of the heat source channel is connected to the outlet of the three cooling circulation loops 124, that is, the cooling water after cooling the turbine generator 122 enters the heat source channel. The seawater raw water is used as a cold source, so that the temperature of cooling water is reduced.

The outlet end of the heat source channel is communicated with the sea 2, so that the temperature of the cooling water discharged into the sea 2 is lower.

The outlet end of the cold source channel is communicated with the seawater desalination system 13, and then a water source is provided for the seawater desalination system 13. The seawater entering the seawater desalination system 13 firstly passes through the heat exchanger 142 to absorb the temperature of the cooling water, and the temperature is higher, so that the production efficiency of seawater desalination is improved. In this embodiment, the temperature of the raw seawater conveyed from the outlet end of the cold source channel is increased to about 25 ℃, so as to achieve the optimal state of the seawater desalination system 13 for producing fresh water.

The inlet end and the outlet end of the heat source channel and the inlet end and the outlet end of the cold source channel are respectively provided with a pressure detector, a water temperature detector and a flow detector to detect pressure, water temperature and flow.

The water draining mechanism 143 is used for draining the cooling water in the three cooling circulation loops 124 in the nuclear power supply system 12 and the concentrated brine of the seawater desalination system 13 to the sea 2. In this embodiment, each water intake and drainage system includes one drainage mechanism 143. That is, the offshore floating nuclear power plant 1 includes two water discharge mechanisms 143, and the two water discharge mechanisms 143 are spaced apart in the longitudinal direction of the hull 11. Specifically, the two rows of water mechanisms 143 are symmetrically disposed about the hull 11.

Referring to fig. 2, each of the drainage mechanisms 143 includes a connection pipe, a buried pipe 1432, a discharge pipe 1433, a support bracket 1439, and a top support.

The connecting tube has a first end and a second end. The first end is connected to the outlet end of the heat source channel of the heat exchanger 142 and the second end extends below the surface of the sea. Specifically, the connection pipe has flexibility to be bendable. In this embodiment, the connection pipe is a hose.

A buried pipe 1432 is located under the seabed 21, and both ends thereof are connected to a connection pipe and a discharge pipe 1433, respectively. Specifically, the material of the buried pipe 1432 is stainless steel.

A support bracket 1439 stands on the seabed 21 and is located at the end of the buried pipe 1432 near the connecting pipe for supporting the connecting pipe near the buried pipe 1432. In this embodiment, the support frame 1439 is a tripod structure.

The drain pipe 1433 has a first end and a second end. A first end of the discharge pipe 1433 is connected to the other end of the buried pipe 1432 opposite to the connection pipe. The second end of the discharge pipe 1433 extends up beyond the seabed 21 and is located below the sea surface, and the second end constitutes a drain for the discharge mechanism. Namely, the nuclear power supply system 12 and the seawater desalination system 13 discharge the water to be discharged to the sea 2 through the water discharge port.

Wherein, the distance between the water outlet and the ship body 11 is more than or equal to 1000 meters.

The drain pipe 1433 is made of stainless steel.

Referring to fig. 4, the drain 1433 includes a main drain 1433 and a plurality of reserve drain 1433. A plurality of spare discharge pipes 1433 are disposed around the main discharge pipe 1433. The main drain pipe 1433 is provided with a main drain port 1434, and the spare drain pipe 1433 is provided with a spare drain port 1435. In the present embodiment, the number of the spare discharge pipes 1433 is three. In other embodiments, the number of spare drain pipes 1433 may be set according to actual needs.

Each spare drain port 1435 is provided with a blocking member, and when the pressure of the main drain port 1434 is greater than a pressure threshold value that can be borne by the blocking member, the blocking member is damaged, so that the spare drain port 1435 is communicated with the outside. Therefore, when the main drain is failed or the blocked pressure is changed, the blocking member of the spare drain port 1435 can be broken to continue the drainage.

Further, the pressure thresholds that the blocking pieces at the three spare discharge pipes 1433 can bear are different, so that the multiple blocking pieces can be sequentially damaged according to the pressure, and continuous drainage of the marine floating nuclear power plant 1 is realized.

The top support includes a pulley 1436, a tractor 1438, and a float 1437.

Pulleys 1436 are provided at the side of hull 11. The connection pipe is wound around a pulley 1436, and when extending outward from the hull 11, it is turned by the pulley 1436 to extend under the sea surface. Specifically, pulley 1436 is a fixed pulley 1436.

The float 1437 has buoyancy so as to be able to float on the sea surface. The float ball 1437 is connected with a connection pipe. The connection pipe is lifted by the float 1437 to support the connection pipe.

The tractor 1438 is provided on the hull 11, and is connected to the float ball 1437. By retracting and releasing the tractor 1438, the distance between the floating ball 1437 and the seabed 21 can be adjusted, so that the floating ball 1437 always floats on the sea surface, and the connecting pipe can be lifted.

Further, the connecting pipe on the hull 11 is also connected with a winch, so that the connecting pipe outside the hull 11 can be stored and released through the winch, that is, the connecting pipe outside the hull 11 just extends from the fixed pulley 1436 to the buried pipe 1432 by taking the fixed pulley 1436 as a boundary, so that the drainage mechanism 143 can adapt to different distances between the sea surface and the sea bottom.

The discharge mechanism further comprises a converging pipeline arranged at the upstream of the connecting pipeline 1431, and an outlet of the heat source channel of the heat exchanger 142 and a discharge port of the seawater desalination system 13 are communicated with the converging pipeline, so that the concentrated brine and the water discharged from the heat source channel are mixed and then are conveyed to the connecting pipeline 1431. Namely, the cooling water discharged from the heat source channel is cooled for the second time by the strong brine and then discharged outwards through the connecting pipe.

The drain mechanism further includes a water line. The outlet of the seawater desalination system 13 and the three cooling circulation loops 124 are connected by a water pipeline, so that the concentrated brine is conveyed to the three cooling circulation loops 124, and the turbine generator 122 is cooled by the concentrated brine.

Referring to fig. 5, the water intake and drainage principle of the water intake and drainage system is as follows:

the water intake mechanism 141 draws seawater through the water intake pump, wherein the seawater in one pipeline enters the three-loop cooling circulation system for cooling the turbine generator 122, and the seawater in the other pipeline enters the cold source channel of the heat exchanger 142. The seawater entering the three-circuit cooling circulation system absorbs the heat of the turbine generator 122, and then the temperature of the seawater rises, and enters the heat source passage of the heat exchanger 142, and the seawater is used for cooling the turbine generator 122, and is called cooling water. The cooling water exchanges heat with the seawater at the heat exchanger 142, i.e., the cooling water transfers heat to the seawater, lowers the temperature, and is then discharged to the sea 2. The seawater after heat absorption is sent to the seawater desalination system 13 for treatment to obtain fresh water. The concentrated brine of the seawater desalination system 13 and the cooling water of the heat source channel of the heat exchanger 142 are discharged to the sea 2 by the water discharge mechanism 143.

The fresh water generated by the seawater desalination system 13 is delivered to the turbine generator 122, so as to provide pure water for cooling the two loops 123.

The water intake and drainage system further comprises a control device to control the intake and drainage of water.

The control device comprises a water temperature detector, a pressure detector, a flow detector, a water quality detector and a controller.

The water temperature detector includes a water temperature detector provided at an outlet end of the cooling cycle three-circuit 124 to detect a real-time water temperature of the cooling water discharged from the nuclear power supply system 12. The seawater desalination system, the inlet and outlet water outlet and taking mechanism of the cold source channel and the drainage mechanism are all provided with water temperature detectors according to actual conditions.

The pressure detector comprises a drainage pressure detector arranged at the drainage outlet and a water taking pressure detector arranged at the water taking outlet. The water discharge pressure detector detects the water discharge pressure value at the water discharge port, and the water intake pressure detector detects the water intake pressure value at the water intake port.

The flow detector comprises a flow detector arranged at the main discharge port, a flow detector arranged at the water intake port, flow detectors arranged at all positions of the nuclear power supply system 12 and flow detectors arranged at all positions of the seawater desalination system 13.

The water quality detector comprises a water quality detector arranged at the water intake, a water quality detector arranged at the inlet and the outlet of the cold source channel, a water quality detector arranged at the inlet and the outlet of the heat source channel, and a water quality detector arranged at the outlet end of the seawater desalination system 13.

The controller is simultaneously electrically connected with the water temperature detector, the pressure detector, the flow detector, the water quality detector, the water taking pump, the seawater desalination system 13 and the nuclear power supply system 12.

The controller receives the real-time water temperature detected by the water temperature detector and controls the water taking pump and the seawater desalination system 13 to be started according to the real-time water temperature. Specifically, a water temperature value is preset in the controller, and when the real-time water temperature reaches the preset water temperature, the water taking pump and the seawater desalination system 13 are started, so that the seawater is pumped into the three cooling circulation loops 124 and the heat exchanger 142.

The controller receives a drainage pressure value at the drainage outlet, and when the drainage pressure value is larger than a first preset drainage pressure value, the controller sends an alarm signal and even closes the seawater desalination system 13 and the nuclear power supply system 12.

When the drain pressure value is greater than or less than the second preset drain pressure value, the controller controls the standby drain 1435 to open. And the second preset pressure value is smaller than the first preset drainage pressure value.

The controller receives a flow value of the flow detector of the discharge port, and controls the standby discharge port 1435 to be opened when the flow value is greater than a preset flow value.

The controller receives the water intake pressure value at the water intake port, and when the water intake pressure value is greater than the preset water intake pressure value, the controller sends an alarm signal and even closes the seawater desalination system 13 and the nuclear power supply system 12.

The controller receives the water quality conditions of the water quality detectors at the water intake, the water quality detectors at the inlet and the outlet of the cold source channel, the water quality detectors at the inlet and the outlet of the heat source channel and the water quality detectors at the outlet end of the seawater desalination system 13, and sends an alarm signal or even closes the seawater desalination system 13 and the nuclear power supply system 12 when the water quality detected by any water quality detector does not meet the preset requirement.

The controller also receives pressure detection data, water temperature detection data and flow detection data of the seawater desalination system 13, and when any detection data is not consistent with preset data, the controller sends an alarm signal and even closes the seawater desalination system 13.

The controller also receives pressure detection data, water temperature detection data and flow detection data of the nuclear power supply system 12, and when any one of the detection data is inconsistent with preset data, the controller sends an alarm signal and even shuts down the nuclear power supply system 12.

The water taking and draining control method of the marine floating nuclear power station 1 comprises the following steps:

and S1, when the data of the pressure detector, the water temperature detector, the flow detector and the water quality detector at each position are received by the controller, controlling the nuclear power supply system 12 to work.

Specifically, the water required by the cooling circulation three-loop 124 of the nuclear power supply system 12 may be taken by a water taking pump of the water taking and draining system, or may be taken by a water taking pump separately provided in the nuclear power supply system 12. When water is taken using the water intake pump in the water intake and drainage system of the present application, seawater is only allowed to enter the three-circuit cooling cycle 124 at this time, and not the heat exchanger 142.

And S2, detecting the real-time water temperature of the cooling water discharged by the cooling circulation three-loop 124 of the nuclear power supply system 12.

Specifically, the controller receives the real-time water temperature detected by the water temperature detector disposed at the outlet end of the three-circuit 124 of the cooling cycle, and compares the real-time water temperature with a preset water temperature.

And S3, controlling the water taking mechanism 141 to be started and the seawater desalination system 13 to be started when the real-time water temperature reaches the preset water temperature.

Wherein the preset water temperature is preset in the controller according to the reality.

At this time, the water intake mechanism 141 is turned on to allow seawater to enter the heat exchanger 142.

S4, the seawater pumped by the water taking mechanism 141 and the cooling water are subjected to heat exchange in the heat exchanger 142, the seawater after heat absorption enters the seawater desalination system 13, and the cooling water with reduced temperature is discharged to the sea 2.

S5, detecting a real-time pressure value at the water outlet;

specifically, in the working process of the nuclear power supply system 12, the seawater desalination system 13, the water intake mechanism 141 and the drainage mechanism 143, the pressure value at the drainage port is detected in real time to ensure the safety of operation.

And when the real-time pressure value is greater than the first preset drainage pressure value, the controller sends an alarm signal.

And when the real-time pressure value is larger than the second preset drainage pressure value, controlling the standby drainage port 1435 of the drainage mechanism 143 to be opened. And the second preset drainage pressure value is smaller than the first preset drainage pressure value.

That is, when the pressure value reaches the second preset pressure value, the controller controls the standby drain opening 1435 to be opened, so as to ensure that the drainage mechanism 143 continues to drain water. When the pressure value continues to rise and reaches the first preset pressure value, the controller sends an alarm signal, and even the nuclear power supply system 12 and the seawater desalination system 13 are shut down.

And S6, detecting the flow value at the water outlet.

Specifically, during the operation of the nuclear power supply system 12, the seawater desalination system 13, the water intake mechanism 141 and the drainage mechanism 143, the flow value at the drainage port is detected in real time to ensure the operation safety.

When the flow rate value is larger than the preset flow rate value, the standby drain 1435 of the drain mechanism 143 is controlled to be opened.

And S7, detecting the real-time pressure, the real-time flow and the water quality of the nuclear power supply system 12.

Specifically, during the operation of the nuclear power supply system 12, the seawater desalination system 13, the water intake mechanism 141, and the water discharge mechanism 143, various data of the nuclear power supply system 12 are detected in real time to ensure the operation safety.

When the real-time pressure is greater than or less than the preset pressure value, and the real-time flow is greater than or less than the preset flow value, and when the water quality does not meet the preset requirement, outputting alarm information or closing the nuclear power supply system 12.

And S8, detecting the real-time pressure, the real-time flow and the water quality of the seawater desalination system 13.

Specifically, during the working process of the nuclear power supply system 12, the seawater desalination system 13, the water intake mechanism 141 and the drainage mechanism 143, various data of the seawater desalination system 13 are detected in real time to ensure the safety of operation.

And when the real-time pressure is greater than or less than the preset pressure value and the real-time flow is greater than or less than the preset flow value, outputting alarm information or closing the seawater desalination system 13 when the water quality does not meet the preset requirement.

According to the technical scheme, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:

the invention relates to a sea and mountain floating nuclear power station, which comprises a nuclear power supply system, a seawater desalination system and a water taking and discharging system. The water taking and draining system comprises a heat exchanger, when the nuclear power supply system discharges cooling water outwards, the cooling water and seawater raw water are subjected to heat exchange in the heat exchanger, the temperature of the cooling water discharged by the nuclear power supply system is reduced through the seawater raw water, and the temperature of the cooling water discharged to the sea is lower. Meanwhile, the seawater raw water after heat absorption enters a seawater desalination system, so that the production efficiency of seawater desalination is improved.

While the present invention has been described with reference to several exemplary embodiments, it is understood that the terminology used is intended to be in the nature of words of description and illustration, rather than of limitation. As the present invention may be embodied in several forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof, it should also be understood that the above-described embodiments are not limited by any of the details of the foregoing description, but rather should be construed broadly within its spirit and scope as defined in the appended claims, and therefore all changes and modifications that fall within the meets and bounds of the claims, or equivalences of such meets and bounds are therefore intended to be embraced by the appended claims.