阅读说明：本技术 一种干旱地区引水绿化流量测量方法 (Flow measurement method for water diversion and greening in arid region ) 是由 吴玲玲 王正勇 于 2021-02-19 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及流量测量领域,特别是一种干旱地区引水绿化流量测量方法,包括引水系统,引水系统包括引水管、水泵和排水管,引水管的进水口伸入至富水层底部,所述引水管位于富水层内的部分的侧壁设置有引水孔,富水层中的水液能够通过引水管的进水口及引水孔进入引水管,引水管的出水口与水泵的进水口相连通,水泵的出水口与排水管的进水口相连通,分叉管的出水口放置在植被的根系处；本申请的一种干旱地区引水绿化流量测量方法,计算过程计算精度高,且考虑了多种工况,适用性高,引出的水液可以直接浇灌绿化的植物。(The invention relates to the field of flow measurement, in particular to a diversion greening flow measurement method for arid regions, which comprises a diversion system, wherein the diversion system comprises a diversion pipe, a water pump and a drainage pipe, a water inlet of the diversion pipe extends to the bottom of a water-rich layer, diversion holes are formed in the side wall of the part of the diversion pipe positioned in the water-rich layer, water in the water-rich layer can enter the diversion pipe through the water inlet of the diversion pipe and the diversion holes, a water outlet of the diversion pipe is communicated with the water inlet of the water pump, a water outlet of the water pump is communicated with the water inlet of the drainage pipe, and a water outlet of a bifurcated pipe is; the method for measuring the diversion greening flow in the arid region has the advantages that the calculation precision is high in the calculation process, various working conditions are considered, the applicability is high, and the led water liquid can directly water greening plants.)

1. A method for measuring diversion greening flow in arid regions is characterized in that based on a mountain, a tunnel (1) is arranged in the mountain, the tunnel (1) is positioned in the center of the mountain, a mountain water-rich layer (61) is arranged in the mountain, a first diversion system is arranged at the bottom of the tunnel (1),

the first water diversion system comprises a water diversion pipe (2), a water pump (4) and a water drainage pipe (42), a first drill hole is formed below a tunnel invert (11), the water diversion pipe (2) is arranged in the first drill hole, a water inlet of the water diversion pipe (2) extends to the bottom of a mountain water-rich layer (61), a water diversion hole is formed in the side wall of the part, located in the mountain water-rich layer (61), of the water diversion pipe (2), water liquid in the mountain water-rich layer (61) can enter the water diversion pipe (2) through the water inlet and the water diversion hole of the water diversion pipe (2), a water outlet of the water diversion pipe (2) is arranged above the tunnel invert (11) and communicated with a water inlet of the water pump (4) through a transverse pipe (3), the water pump (4) is located in the tunnel (1), the transverse pipe (3) is transversely arranged, a water outlet of the water pump (4) is communicated with a water inlet of the water drainage pipe (42), the water outlet of the water discharge pipe (42) is arranged on a roadbed slope (44) outside the tunnel, the water outlet of the water discharge pipe (42) is communicated with a plurality of branch pipes (43), the branch pipes (43) are arranged on the roadbed slope (44) outside the tunnel, and the water outlet of each branch pipe (43) is placed at the root system of vegetation (45) on the roadbed slope;

the method comprises the following steps:

s1, drilling toAfter the bottom of the mountain water-rich layer (61), the water of the mountain water-rich layer (61) rises into the tunnel surrounding rock (62), and the height h from the water level line (51) before water diversion to the bottom of the mountain water-rich layer (61) is measured₁₁And measuring the permeability coefficient k of the mountain water-rich layer (61)₁And the thickness d of the mountain water-rich layer (61)₁；

S2, the water pump (4) works, at least a part of water in the mountain water-rich layer (61) is discharged onto the roadbed slope (44) by the water pump (4), the water level line (52) after water diversion is measured at the position of the water diversion pipe (2), and the height difference h between the water level line (52) after water diversion and the water level line (51) before water diversion is calculated₂₁；

S3, calculating the water diversion flow q according to the following formula₁：

When the mountain water-rich layer (61) is located below the tunnel (1):

when the mountain water-rich layer (61) is located in the tunnel surrounding rock (62):

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

q₁: diversion flow, unit: m is³/s；

d₁: thickness of mountain water-rich layer (61), unit: m;

h₁₁: height from water level line (51) before water diversion to bottom of mountain water-rich layer (61), unit: m;

h₂₁: height difference between the water level line (52) after water diversion and the water level line (51) before water diversion, unit: m;

k₁: permeability coefficient of the mountain water-rich layer (61), unit: m/s;

R₁₁: horizontal distance between the water conduit (2) and the surface of the mountain bodyBit: m;

R₂₁: radius of the water conduit (2), unit: and m is selected.

2. The method for measuring the diversion greening flow rate in the arid area according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, when the mountain water-rich layer (61) is positioned below the tunnel (1), the diversion flow rate q is calculated₁Before, the maximum value q of the water diversion flow is calculated_maxMaximum value of diversion flow q_maxComprises the following steps:

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

q_max: maximum value of diversion flow, unit: m is³/s；

h₁₁: height from water level line (51) before water diversion to bottom of mountain water-rich layer (61), unit: m;

d₁: thickness of mountain water-rich layer (61), unit: m;

k₁: permeability coefficient of the mountain water-rich layer (61), unit: m/s;

R₁₁: horizontal distance from the water conduit (2) to the surface of the mountain body, unit: m;

R₂₁: radius of the water conduit (2), unit: and m is selected.

3. A water diversion and greening flow measurement method for arid regions is characterized in that based on a loess table highland (7), a highland water-rich layer (71) is arranged in the loess table highland (7), a highland water-poor layer (72) is arranged at the upper part of the highland water-rich layer (71), a second water diversion system communicated with the highland water-rich layer (71) is arranged on the loess table highland (7),

the second water diversion system comprises a water diversion pipe (2), a water pump (4) and a water drainage pipe (42), a second drilling hole is formed in the top surface of the loess platform tableland (7), the water diversion pipe (2) is arranged in the second drilling hole, the water diversion pipe (2) is positioned at the center of the loess plateau (7), the water inlet of the water conduit (2) extends into the bottom of the water-rich layer (71) of the tableland, water liquid in the water-rich layer (71) of the tableland can enter the water conduit (2) through the water inlet of the water conduit (2), the water outlet of the water conduit (2) is arranged above the top surface of the loess tableland (7), and is communicated with the water inlet of the water pump (4), the water outlet of the water pump (4) is communicated with the water inlet of the drain pipe (42), a part of the drainage pipe (42) is arranged on the side slope of the loess plateau (7), the water outlet of the water outlet pipe (42) is placed at the flat land vegetation (46) of the tableland;

the method comprises the following steps:

s1, after drilling to the bottom of the water-rich layer (71) of the tableland, the water of the water-rich layer (71) of the tableland rises to the water-poor layer (72) of the tableland, and the height h from the water line (51) before water diversion to the bottom of the water-rich layer (71) of the tableland is measured₁₂And measuring the permeability coefficient k of the water-rich layer (71) of the tableland₂And thickness d of water-rich layer (71) of tableland₂；

S2, the water pump (4) works, water liquid in at least one part of water-rich layer (71) of the tableland is discharged to the side slope of the loess tableland (7) through the water pump (4), the water level line (52) after water diversion is measured at the position of the water diversion pipe (2), and the height difference h between the water level line (52) after water diversion and the water level line (51) before water diversion is calculated₂₂；

S3, calculating the water diversion flow q according to the following formula₂：

Wherein the content of the first and second substances,

q₂: diversion flow, unit: m is³/s；

d₂: thickness of water-rich layer (71) in tableland, unit: m;

h₁₂: height from water level line (51) before water diversion to bottom of water-rich layer (71) of tableland, unit: m;

h₂₂: height difference between the water level line (52) after water diversion and the water level line (51) before water diversion, unit: m;

k₂: permeability coefficient of the water-rich layer (71) in tableland, unit: m/s;

R₁₂: horizontal distance, unit that leading water pipe (2) are close to drain pipe (42) one side slope to loess platform tableland (7): m;

R₂₂: radius of the water conduit (2), unit: and m is selected.

4. A diversion greening flow measuring method for arid regions is characterized in that based on desert flat lands (8), desert flat land rich water layers (81) are arranged in the desert flat lands (8), desert flat land non-rich water layers (82) are arranged on the upper portions of the desert flat land rich water layers (81), third diversion systems communicated with the desert flat land rich water layers (81) are arranged on the desert flat lands (8),

the third diversion system comprises a diversion pipe (2), a water pump (4) and a drain pipe (42), wherein a third drilled hole is formed in the top surface of a desert flat land (8), the diversion pipe (2) is arranged in the third drilled hole, a vegetation area for growing vegetation is arranged in the desert flat land (8), the diversion pipe (2) is positioned at the center of the vegetation area, the water inlet of the diversion pipe (2) extends into the bottom of a desert flat rich water layer (81), water liquid in the desert flat rich water layer (81) can enter the diversion pipe (2) through the water inlet of the diversion pipe (2), the water outlet of the diversion pipe (2) is arranged above the top surface of the desert flat land (8) and is communicated with the water inlet of the water pump (4), the water outlet of the water pump (4) is communicated with the water inlet of the drain pipe (42), the water outlet of the drain pipe (42) is arranged at the place of the desert flat vegetation (47),

the method comprises the following steps:

s1, after drilling to the bottom of the desert flat water-rich layer (81), the water of the desert flat water-rich layer (81) rises to the desert flat water-poor layer (82), and a water level line (51) before diversion to the desert flat water-rich layer (82) is measured81) Height h of the bottom₁₃And measuring the permeability coefficient k of the desert flat water-rich layer (81)₃And the thickness d of the desert flat rich water layer (81)₃；

S2, the water pump (4) works, at least a part of water liquid in the desert flat water-rich layer (81) is discharged to the desert flat vegetation (47) by the water pump (4), the water level line (52) after water diversion is measured at the water diversion pipe (2), and the height difference h between the water level line (52) after water diversion and the water level line (51) before water diversion is calculated₂₃；

S3, calculating the water diversion flow q according to the following formula₃：

Wherein the content of the first and second substances,

q₃: diversion flow, unit: m is³/s；

d₃: thickness of the desert flat water-rich layer (81), unit: m;

h₁₃: height from water level line (51) before water diversion to bottom of desert flat water-rich layer (81), unit: m;

h₂₃: height difference between the water level line (52) after water diversion and the water level line (51) before water diversion, unit: m;

k₃: the permeability coefficient of the desert flat water-rich layer (81) is as follows: m/s;

R₁₃: maximum value of horizontal distance from the water conduit (2) to the boundary of the vegetation area, unit: m;

R₂₃: radius of the water conduit (2), unit: and m is selected.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of flow measurement, in particular to a method for measuring diversion and greening flow in arid regions.

Background

The rainfall amount is unevenly distributed in time and space in China, the rainfall is mainly concentrated in 8-10 months in arid areas, and the rainfall is little in the rest months, so that the water resource in the arid areas is short. The groundwater needs to be utilized to meet the requirements of water for agriculture, industry, life and the like. However, this water intake method is high in construction cost and low in efficiency.

In the prior art, water collection and water taking of the karez are adopted in northwest arid areas such as Xinjiang and Gansu, freezing and thawing of the wall of a karez tunnel is peeled off, the structural stability is reduced, collapse damage is often caused, the peeled-off collapsed soil blocks a hidden channel, the water yield is reduced, the later-stage operation difficulty of the karez for increasing the removal amount of dredging and dredging is also high, and the difficulty in water diversion flow measurement and regulation is higher.

Meanwhile, the flow of the common water diversion system is difficult to measure. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new method for measuring the flow rate.

Because the formations below the tunnel, the desert flat land, the loess table highland and the like in the arid area are complex, the water-rich layer is sealed by the impervious rock stratum, high-pressure water in the water-rich layer cannot overflow, and the diversion greening flow measurement method is complex, a simple and effective diversion greening flow measurement method is also needed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to: aiming at the problems that in the prior art, water diversion greening flow is difficult to measure due to the fact that a water-rich layer is sealed by a water-impermeable layer because of the complex lower strata of a tunnel, a desert flat land, a loess table plateau and the like in an arid region.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

a flow measuring method for water diversion and greening in arid areas,

based on a mountain body, a tunnel is arranged in the mountain body, the tunnel is positioned in the center of the mountain body, a mountain body water-rich layer is arranged in the mountain body, a first water diversion system is arranged at the bottom of the tunnel,

the first diversion system comprises a diversion pipe, a water pump and a drainage pipe, wherein a first drilling hole is formed below an inverted arch of the tunnel, the diversion pipe is arranged in the first drilling hole, a water inlet of the diversion pipe extends into the bottom of a mountain water-rich layer, the side wall of the part of the diversion pipe, which is positioned in the mountain water-rich layer, is provided with a diversion hole, water in the mountain water-rich layer can enter the diversion pipe through the water inlet and the diversion hole of the diversion pipe, a water outlet of the diversion pipe is arranged above the inverted arch of the tunnel and is communicated with the water inlet of the water pump through a transverse pipe, a water outlet of the water pump is communicated with a water inlet of the drainage pipe, the water pump is positioned in the tunnel, the transverse pipe is transversely arranged, a water outlet of the drainage pipe is arranged on a roadbed slope outside the tunnel, a water outlet of the drainage pipe is communicated with a plurality of bifurcated pipes which are arranged, the water outlet of the bifurcated pipe is placed at the root of vegetation on the roadbed slope;

the method comprises the following steps:

s1, after drilling to the bottom of a mountain water-rich layer, the water of the mountain water-rich layer rises to the surrounding rock of the tunnel, and the height h from the water level line before water diversion to the bottom of the mountain water-rich layer is measured₁₁And measuring the permeability coefficient k of the mountain water-rich layer₁And thickness d of mountain water-rich layer₁；

S2, the water pump works, the water pump is used for discharging at least a part of water in the mountain water-rich layer to the roadbed slope, the water level line after water diversion is measured at the water diversion pipe, and the height difference h between the water level line after water diversion and the water level line before water diversion is calculated₂₁；

S3, calculating the water diversion flow q according to the following formula₁：

When the mountain water-rich layer is positioned below the tunnel:

when the mountain body water-rich layer is positioned in the tunnel surrounding rock:

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

q₁: diversion flow, unit: m is³/s；

d₁: thickness of mountain water-rich layer, unit: m;

h₁₁: height from water level line before water diversion to bottom of mountain water-rich layer, unit: m;

h₂₁: height difference of water level line after water diversion and water level line before water diversion, unit: m;

k₁: permeability coefficient of mountain water-rich layer, unit: m/s;

R₁₁: horizontal distance from the water conduit to the surface of the mountain, unit: m;

R₂₁: radius of the penstock, unit: and m is selected.

According to the method for measuring the diversion greening flow in the arid region, two conditions of tunnel surrounding rocks and below the tunnel at the position of the water-rich layer are considered in the calculation process, the applicability is high, the calculation precision is high, and the led water liquid can directly irrigate the side slope of the mountain below the tunnel to green plants on the side slope.

Preferably, in step S3, when the rich water layer is located below the tunnel, the diversion flow q is calculated₁Before, the maximum value q of the water diversion flow is calculated_maxMaximum value of diversion flow q_maxComprises the following steps:

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

q_max: maximum value of diversion flow, unit: m is³/s；

h₁₁: height from water level line before water diversion to bottom of mountain water-rich layer, unit: m;

d₁: thickness of mountain water-rich layer, unit: m;

k₁: permeability coefficient of mountain water-rich layer, unit: m/s;

R₁₁: horizontal distance from the water conduit to the surface of the mountain, unit: m;

R₂₁: radius of the penstock, unit: and m is selected.

By calculating the maximum value q of the diversion flow_maxThe amount of water which can be taken can be effectively estimated, so that arrangement can be made in time to reasonably utilize resources.

The invention also discloses a method for measuring the greening flow rate of the tableland in the arid region, which is based on the loess table tableland, wherein the tableland is internally provided with a tableland water-rich layer, the upper part of the tableland water-rich layer is provided with a tableland water-non-rich layer, the loess table tableland is provided with a second water diversion system communicated with the tableland water-rich layer,

the second water diversion system comprises a water diversion pipe, a water pump and a water drainage pipe, wherein a second drilling hole is formed in the top surface of the loess plateau, the water diversion pipe is arranged in the second drilling hole and is positioned at the center of the loess plateau, the water inlet of the water diversion pipe extends to the bottom of the water-rich layer of the loess plateau, water in the water-rich layer of the plateau can enter the water diversion pipe through the water inlet of the water diversion pipe, the water outlet of the water diversion pipe is arranged above the top surface of the loess plateau and is communicated with the water inlet of the water pump, the water outlet of the water pump is communicated with the water inlet of the water drainage pipe, one part of the water drainage pipe is arranged on the side slope of the loess plateau, and the water outlet of the water drainage pipe is placed at the vegetation position of the plateau;

the method comprises the following steps:

s1, after drilling to the bottom of the water-rich layer of the tableland, the water in the water-rich layer of the tableland rises to the water-non-rich layer of the tableland, and the height h from the water line before water diversion to the bottom of the water-rich layer of the tableland is measured₁₂And measuring permeability coefficient k of water-rich layer of tableland₂And the thickness d of the water-rich layer of tableland₂；

S2, the water pump works, water liquid in at least one part of tableland water-rich layer is discharged to the side slope of the loess tableland by the water pump, the water level line after water diversion is measured at the position of the water diversion pipe, and the height difference h between the water level line after water diversion and the water level line before water diversion is calculated₂₂；

S3, calculating the water diversion flow q according to the following formula₂：

Wherein the content of the first and second substances,

q₂: diversion flow, unit: m is³/s；

d₂: the thickness of the rich water layer of platform tableland, the unit: m;

h₁₂: height, unit of water level line to rich water layer bottom of platform tableland before diversion: m;

h₂₂: height difference of water level line after water diversion and water level line before water diversion, unit: m;

k₂: permeability coefficient of the water-rich layer in tableland, unit: m/s;

R₁₂: the horizontal distance that the penstock is close to drain pipe one side slope to the loess platform tableland, the unit: m;

R₂₂: radius of the penstock, unit: and m is selected.

The water diversion greening flow measurement method for the arid area has the advantages that the situation that the water-rich layer is located in the loess plateau is considered in the calculation process, the calculation precision is high, and the led water liquid can directly irrigate the root system of the flat land vegetation of the plateau and plants on the flat land of the greening table.

The invention also discloses a flow measuring method for diversion and greening in arid regions, which is based on the desert flat land, wherein the desert flat land is internally provided with a desert flat land water-rich layer, the upper part of the desert flat land water-rich layer is provided with a desert flat land water-poor layer, the desert flat land is provided with a third diversion system communicated with the desert flat land water-rich layer,

the third diversion system comprises a diversion pipe, a water pump and a drain pipe, wherein a third drilling hole is formed in the top surface of the desert flat land, the diversion pipe is arranged in the third drilling hole and is provided with a vegetation area for growing vegetation in the desert flat land, the diversion pipe is positioned in the center of the vegetation area, the water inlet of the diversion pipe extends into the bottom of the rich water layer of the desert flat land, water in the rich water layer of the desert flat land can enter the diversion pipe through the water inlet of the diversion pipe, the water outlet of the diversion pipe is arranged above the top surface of the desert flat land and is communicated with the water inlet of the water pump, the water outlet of the water pump is communicated with the water inlet of the drain pipe, and the water outlet of the drain pipe is arranged at the vegetation position of the desert flat land,

the method comprises the following steps:

s1, after drilling to the bottom of the desert flat land rich water layer, the water of the desert flat land rich water layer rises to the desert flat land non-rich water layer, and the height h from the water level line before diversion to the bottom of the desert flat land rich water layer is measured₁₃And measuring the permeability coefficient k of the flat land water-rich layer of the desert₃And thickness d of the flat land water-rich layer of the desert₃；

S2, the water pump works, at least a part of water liquid in the rich water layer of the desert flat land is discharged to the vegetation place of the desert flat land by the water pump, and the water is drained to the water diversion pipeMeasuring the water level line after water diversion, and calculating the height difference h between the water level line after water diversion and the water level line before water diversion₂₃；

S3, calculating the water diversion flow q according to the following formula₃：

Wherein the content of the first and second substances,

q₃: diversion flow, unit: m is³/s；

d₃: thickness of the desert flat land water-rich layer, unit: m;

h₁₃: height from water level line before diversion to bottom of desert flat water-rich layer, unit: m;

h₂₃: height difference of water level line after water diversion and water level line before water diversion, unit: m;

k₃: the permeability coefficient of the desert flat land water-rich layer is as follows, unit: m/s;

R₁₃: maximum value of horizontal distance from the water conduit to the boundary of the vegetation area, unit: m;

R₂₃: radius of the penstock, unit: and m is selected.

According to the method for measuring the diversion greening flow in the arid region, the condition in the desert flat land is considered in the calculation process, the calculation precision is high, and the led water liquid can directly water the vegetation part of the desert flat land to green plants on the desert flat land.

In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. according to the method for measuring the diversion greening flow in the arid region, two conditions of tunnel surrounding rocks and below the tunnel at the position of the water-rich layer are considered in the calculation process, the applicability is high, the calculation precision is high, and the led water liquid can directly irrigate the side slope of the mountain below the tunnel to green plants on the side slope.

2. The water diversion greening flow measurement method for the arid area has the advantages that the situation that the water-rich layer is located in the loess plateau is considered in the calculation process, the calculation precision is high, and the led water liquid can directly irrigate the root system of the flat land vegetation of the plateau and plants on the flat land of the greening table.

3. According to the method for measuring the diversion greening flow in the arid region, the condition in the desert flat land is considered in the calculation process, the calculation precision is high, and the led water liquid can directly water the vegetation part of the desert flat land to green plants on the desert flat land.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view before water diversion when a water-rich layer is located below a tunnel in a method for measuring water diversion greening flow in an arid region according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view after water diversion when the water-rich layer is located below the tunnel in the method for measuring water diversion greening flow in arid regions according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the whole water diversion method for measuring water diversion and greening flow in arid areas according to embodiment 1 of the present invention, wherein the water-rich layer is located below the tunnel;

FIG. 4 is a schematic longitudinal section view of a flow measurement method for water diversion and greening in arid regions according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a water-rich layer in a tunnel surrounding rock before water diversion in a method for measuring water diversion greening flow in an arid region according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a water-rich layer in a tunnel surrounding rock after diversion in a method for measuring diversion greening flow in arid regions according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is an overall schematic view of a water-rich layer in tunnel surrounding rocks after diversion in a diversion greening flow measurement method for arid regions in accordance with embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view before water diversion when the water-rich layer is located below the tunnel in the method for measuring water diversion greening flow in arid regions according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view after water diversion when the water-rich layer is located below the tunnel in the method for measuring water diversion greening flow in arid regions according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view before water diversion when the water-rich layer is located below the tunnel in the method for measuring water diversion greening flow in arid regions according to embodiment 3 of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view after water diversion when the water-rich layer is located below the tunnel in the method for measuring water diversion greening flow in arid regions according to embodiment 3 of the present invention;

in the figure: 1-a tunnel; 11-tunnel inverted arch; 12-tunnel channel; 2-a water conduit; 3-a transverse tube; 4-a water pump; 42-a drain pipe; 43-a bifurcated tube; 44-roadbed slope outside the tunnel; 45-vegetation on the subgrade slope; 46-flat land vegetation in tablelands; 47-desert flat vegetation; 51-water line before water diversion; 52-water level line after water diversion; 61-mountain rich water layer; 62-tunnel surrounding rock; 7-loess plateau; 71-rich water layer in tableland; 72-non-rich water layer of tableland; 73-tableland leveling; 8-desert land leveling; 81-desert flat land rich water layer; 82-desert flat water-poor layer.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

Example 1

As shown in fig. 1-7, the flow measuring method for water diversion and greening in arid regions of the present embodiment is suitable for places with mountains, where a tunnel 1 is arranged in the mountains, the tunnel 1 is located at the center of the mountains, the mountains are provided with mountain water-rich layers 61, the bottom of the tunnel 1 is provided with a first water diversion system,

the first water diversion system comprises a water diversion pipe 2, a water pump 4 and a water drainage pipe 42, a first drill hole is arranged below the tunnel invert 11, a water conduit 2 is arranged in the first drilling hole, a water inlet of the water conduit 2 extends into the bottom of the mountain water-rich layer 61, the water in the mountain water-rich layer 61 can enter the water conduit 2 through the water inlet of the water conduit 2, the water outlet of the water conduit 2 is arranged above the tunnel inverted arch 11, and is communicated with the water inlet of the water pump 4, the water outlet of the water pump 4 is communicated with the water inlet of the water discharge pipe 42, the water outlet of the water discharge pipe 42 is arranged on a roadbed slope 44 outside the tunnel, the water outlet of the water discharge pipe 42 is communicated with a plurality of branch pipes 43, the bifurcated pipe 43 is arranged on a roadbed slope 44 outside the tunnel, and a water outlet of the bifurcated pipe 43 is placed at the root of vegetation 45 on the roadbed slope;

specifically, the water outlet of the water conduit 2 is communicated with the water inlet of the water pump 4 through a transverse pipe 3, and the transverse pipe 3 is transversely arranged.

Specifically, the side wall of the part of the water conduit 2 located in the mountain water-rich layer 61 is provided with a water conduit hole, and water liquid in the mountain water-rich layer 61 can enter the water conduit 2 through the water inlet and the water conduit hole of the water conduit 2.

Specifically, a tunnel passage 12 is provided in the tunnel 1.

The measuring method comprises the following steps:

A. as shown in fig. 1 to 4, when the mountain water-rich layer 61 is located below the tunnel 1:

A1. after drilling the hole to the bottom of the mountain water-rich layer 61, the water in the mountain water-rich layer 61 rises to the tunnel surrounding rock 62, and the height h from the water level line 51 before water diversion to the bottom of the mountain water-rich layer 61 is measured₁₁And measuring the permeability coefficient k of the mountain water-rich layer 61₁；

A2. The water pump 4 works, the water in the water conduit 2 is discharged to the roadbed slope, the water level line 52 after water diversion is measured at the water conduit 2, and the height difference h between the water level line 52 after water diversion and the water level line 51 before water diversion is calculated₂₁；

A3. Calculating the diversion flow q according to the following formula₁：

At this time, the diversion flow q is calculated₁Before, the thickness d of the mountain water-rich layer 61 can also be measured₁And calculating the maximum value q of the water diversion flow_max. Maximum value q of water diversion flow_maxComprises the following steps:

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

q₁: diversion flow, unit: m is³/s；

q_max: maximum value of diversion flow, unit: m is³/s；

h₁₁: height from water line 51 before water diversion to bottom of mountain water-rich layer 61, unit: m;

h₂₁: height difference between water level line 52 after water diversion and water level line 51 before water diversion, unit: m;

d₁: thickness of mountain water-rich layer 61, unit: m;

k₁: permeability coefficient of the mountain water-rich layer 61, unit: m/s;

R₁₁: horizontal distance from the water conduit 2 to the surface of the mountain, unit: m;

R₂₁: radius of the penstock 2, unit: and m is selected.

By calculating the maximum value q of the diversion flow_maxThe amount of water which can be taken can be effectively estimated, so that arrangement can be made in time to reasonably utilize resources.

Specifically, the water flows to the water conduit 2 as horizontal radial flow, the streamline is a radial straight line pointing to the water conduit 2, the equal water head surface is a cylindrical surface taking the water conduit 2 as a coaxial and is the same as the water passing section, the flow passing through each water passing section is equal everywhere and is equal to the flow of the water conduit,

then there is

Integral of the above equation

Wherein A is an integral constant;

the flow of each water cross section is equal everywhere and equal to the flow of the water conduit 2:

obtaining:

B. as shown in fig. 5-7, when the mountain water-rich layer 61 is located in the tunnel surrounding rock 62:

B1. after drilling the hole to the bottom of the mountain water-rich layer 61, since the water in the mountain water-rich layer 61 is the pressure water, the water in the mountain water-rich layer 61 is supplied to the other positions of the tunnel surrounding rock 62, and the height h from the water level line 51 before water diversion to the bottom of the mountain water-rich layer 61 is measured₁₁And measuring the permeability coefficient k of the mountain water-rich layer 61₁；

B2. The water pump 4 works, the water in the water conduit 2 is discharged to the roadbed slope, and the difference value between the water level line 52 after water diversion and the water level line 51 before water diversion is calculated to be h at the water conduit 2₂₁；

B3. Calculating the diversion flow q according to the following formula₁：

Wherein the content of the first and second substances,

q₁: diversion flow, unit: m is³/s；

h₁₁: height from water line 51 before water diversion to bottom of mountain water-rich layer 61, unit: m;

h₂₁: height difference between water level line 52 after water diversion and water level line 51 before water diversion, unit: m;

k₁: permeability coefficient of the mountain water-rich layer 61, unit: m/s;

R₁₁: horizontal distance from the water conduit 2 to the surface of the mountain, unit: m;

R₂₁: radius of the penstock 2, unit: and m is selected.

The method specifically comprises the following steps:

water flows to leading water pipe 2 and flows for horizontal radial flow, and the streamline is the radial straight line of directional leading water pipe 2, waits the tap face for using leading water pipe 2 as coaxial face of cylinder, and the section is the same with crossing water, and the flow everywhere through each section of crossing water equals, equals leading water pipe 2's flow:

then there are:

integrating the above equation:

wherein A is an integral constant;

the flow of each water passing section is equal everywhere and equal to the flow of the water conduit:

obtaining:

according to the method for measuring the diversion greening flow in the arid region, two conditions of tunnel surrounding rock 62 and tunnel 1 below at the position of the mountain water-rich layer 61 are considered in the calculation process, and the method is high in applicability.

Example 2

As shown in fig. 8-9, this embodiment further discloses a water diversion greening flow measurement method for arid areas, which is suitable for the loess table tableland 7, wherein the water-rich layer 71 of the tableland is disposed in the loess table tableland 7, the water-rich layer 72 of the tableland is disposed at the upper portion of the water-rich layer 71 of the tableland, the second water diversion system communicated with the water-rich layer 71 of the tableland is disposed in the loess table tableland 7,

the second water diversion system comprises a water diversion pipe 2, a water pump 4 and a water drainage pipe 42, wherein a second drilling hole is formed in the top surface of the loess plateau 7, the water diversion pipe 2 is arranged in the second drilling hole, the water diversion pipe 2 is positioned in the center of the loess plateau 7, a water inlet of the water diversion pipe 2 extends into the bottom of a water rich layer 71 of the plateau, water in the water rich layer 71 of the plateau can enter the water diversion pipe 2 through the water inlet of the water diversion pipe 2, a water outlet of the water diversion pipe 2 is arranged above the top surface of the loess plateau 7 and communicated with a water inlet of the water pump 4, a water outlet of the water pump 4 is communicated with a water inlet of the water drainage pipe 42, a part of the water drainage pipe 42 is arranged on a side slope of the loess plateau 7, and a vegetation water outlet of the water drainage pipe 42 is arranged at the plateau 46;

the method comprises the following steps:

s1, after drilling to the bottom of the high water layer 71 of the tableland, the water of the high water layer 71 of the tableland rises to the non-high water layer 72 of the tableland, and the height h from the water line 51 before water diversion to the bottom of the high water layer 71 of the tableland is measured₁₂And measuring permeability coefficient k of water-rich layer 71 of tableland₂And thickness d of water-rich layer 71 in tableland₂；

S2, the water pump 4 works, water liquid in at least one part of water-rich layer 71 of the tableland is discharged to the slope of the loess tableland 7 by the water pump 4, the water level line 52 after water diversion is measured at the water diversion pipe 2, and the height difference h between the water level line 52 after water diversion and the water level line 51 before water diversion is calculated₂₂；

S3, calculating the water diversion flow q according to the following formula₂：

Wherein the content of the first and second substances,

q₂: diversion flow, unit: m is³/s；

d₂: thickness of water-rich layer 71 in tableland, unit: m;

h₁₂: height from water line 51 before water diversion to bottom of water-rich layer 71 in tableland, unit: m;

h₂₂: height difference between water level line 52 after water diversion and water level line 51 before water diversion, unit: m;

k₂: permeability coefficient of the water-rich layer 71 in tableland, unit: m/s;

R₁₂: horizontal distance, unit that leading water pipe 2 is close to drain pipe 42 one side slope to loess platform tableland 7: m;

R₂₂: radius of the penstock 2, unit: and m is selected.

Specifically, the water flows to the water conduit 2 as horizontal radial flow, the streamline is a radial straight line pointing to the water conduit 2, the equal water head surface is a cylindrical surface taking the water conduit 2 as a coaxial and is the same as the water passing section, the flow passing through each water passing section is equal everywhere and is equal to the flow of the water conduit,

then there are:

integrating the above equation:

wherein A is an integral constant;

the flow of each water cross section is equal everywhere and equal to the flow of the water conduit 2:

obtaining:

according to the diversion greening flow measurement method for the arid region, the situation that the water-rich layer is located in the loess plateau 7 is considered in the calculation process, the calculation precision is high, and the led water liquid can be directly irrigated to the root system of the tableland vegetation 46 to greening the plants on the tableland 73.

Example 3

As shown in fig. 10-11, this embodiment further discloses a flow measuring method for diversion and greening in arid regions, which is suitable for desert flat 8, wherein a desert flat water-rich layer 81 is arranged in the desert flat 8, a desert flat water-poor layer 82 is arranged on the upper portion of the desert flat water-rich layer 81, a third diversion system communicated with the desert flat water-rich layer 81 is arranged on the desert flat 8,

the third diversion system comprises a diversion pipe 2, a water pump 4 and a drain pipe 42, a third drilling hole is arranged on the top surface of a desert flat land 8, the diversion pipe 2 is arranged in the third drilling hole, a vegetation area for growing vegetation is arranged in the desert flat land 8, the diversion pipe 2 is positioned at the center of the vegetation area, the water inlet of the diversion pipe 2 extends to the bottom of the desert flat land rich water layer 81, water liquid in the desert flat land rich water layer 81 can enter the diversion pipe 2 through the water inlet of the diversion pipe 2, the water outlet of the diversion pipe 2 is arranged above the top surface of the desert flat land 8 and is communicated with the water inlet of the water pump 4, the water outlet of the water pump 4 is communicated with the water inlet of the drain pipe 42, and the water outlet of the drain pipe 42 is arranged at the vegetation 47 of the desert flat land,

the method comprises the following steps:

s1, after drilling to the bottom of the desert flat water-rich layer 81, the water of the desert flat water-rich layer 81 rises to the desert flat water-poor layer 82, and the height h from the water level line 51 before water diversion to the bottom of the desert flat water-rich layer 81 is measured₁₃And the permeability coefficient k of the desert flat water-rich layer 81 is measured₃And the thickness d of the desert flat rich water layer 81₃；

S2, the water pump 4 works, at least a part of water in the desert flat water-rich layer 81 is discharged to the desert flat vegetation 47 by the water pump 4, the water level line 52 after water diversion is measured at the water diversion pipe 2, and the height difference h between the water level line 52 after water diversion and the water level line 51 before water diversion is calculated₂₃；

S3, calculating the water diversion flow q according to the following formula₃：

Wherein the content of the first and second substances,

q₃: guiding deviceWater flow rate, unit: m is³/s；

d₃: thickness of the desert flat rich water layer 81, unit: m;

h₁₃: height from water level line 51 before diversion to bottom of desert flat water-rich layer 81, unit: m;

h₂₃: height difference between water level line 52 after water diversion and water level line 51 before water diversion, unit: m;

k₃: the permeability coefficient of the desert flat water-rich layer 81, unit: m/s;

R₁₃: maximum value of horizontal distance from the water conduit 2 to the boundary of the vegetation area, unit: m;

R₂₃: radius of the penstock 2, unit: and m is selected.

According to the method for measuring the diversion greening flow in the arid region, the condition in the desert flat land 8 is considered in the calculation process, the calculation precision is high, and the led water liquid can directly water the desert flat land vegetation 47 to green the plants on the desert flat land 8.

Specifically, the water flows to the water conduit 2 as horizontal radial flow, the streamline is a radial straight line pointing to the water conduit 2, the equal water head surface is a cylindrical surface taking the water conduit 2 as a coaxial and is the same as the water passing section, the flow passing through each water passing section is equal everywhere and is equal to the flow of the water conduit,

then there are:

integrating the above equation:

the flow of each water cross section is equal everywhere and equal to the flow of the water conduit 2:

obtaining:

the above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.