阅读说明：本技术 超声振动辅助磁射流加工装置 (Ultrasonic vibration assisted magnetic jet machining device ) 是由 吕哲 侯荣国 卢萍 田业冰 王湘田 王瑞 张玉龙 于 2021-08-11 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种超声振动辅助磁射流加工装置,涉及射流加工领域。包括磁场发生装置、超声振动工作台、磁射流发生装置、运动机构、防护罩、水箱、冷却器和搅拌器。磁射流发生装置使磁流变液形成射流,然后从喷嘴射出冲击工件表面。磁场发生装置产生励磁电流,调整轴向磁场强度,改变磁射流粘度和准直程度。超声振动工作台产生机械振动,再由夹具传递给工件。运动机构实现喷嘴进给和喷射角度调整,防护罩防止磁流变液喷溅并将回收的工作液送回水箱,搅拌器和冷却器用于保证磁流变液的均匀程度和粘度。本发明利用工件超声振动造成的界面剪切作用改善射流冲击区域“水垫”效应,降低磨料粒子动能损失,提高加工效率,以实现工件的精密、高效加工。(The invention discloses an ultrasonic vibration assisted magnetic jet machining device, and relates to the field of jet machining. Comprises a magnetic field generating device, an ultrasonic vibration workbench, a magnetic jet generating device, a motion mechanism, a protective cover, a water tank, a cooler and a stirrer. The magneto-rheological fluid is made to form jet flow by the magneto-jet generating device and then is jetted from the nozzle to impact the surface of the workpiece. The magnetic field generating device generates exciting current, adjusts the axial magnetic field intensity, and changes the magnetic jet viscosity and collimation degree. The ultrasonic vibration working table generates mechanical vibration which is transmitted to the workpiece by the clamp. The moving mechanism realizes the feeding of the nozzle and the adjustment of the spraying angle, the protective cover prevents the magnetorheological fluid from splashing and sends the recovered working fluid back to the water tank, and the stirrer and the cooler are used for ensuring the uniformity and the viscosity of the magnetorheological fluid. The invention utilizes the interface shearing action caused by the ultrasonic vibration of the workpiece to improve the 'water cushion' effect of a jet impact area, reduce the kinetic energy loss of abrasive particles and improve the processing efficiency so as to realize the precise and efficient processing of the workpiece.)

1. The utility model provides an ultrasonic vibration assists magnetic jet processingequipment, its characterized in that, includes magnetic field generating device, ultrasonic vibration workstation, magnetic jet generating device, motion, protection casing, water tank, cooler and agitator, magnetic field generating device includes DC power supply, rheostat, relay, coil and magnetic shield, magnetic jet generating device includes booster pump, energy storage ware, manometer, air-vent valve, control valve and nozzle, ultrasonic vibration workstation includes ultrasonic signal source, transducer, amplifier and anchor clamps, motion includes base, support, crossbeam, lateral shifting slider, perpendicular beam, vertical movement slider, carousel and longitudinal movement slider.

2. The ultrasonic vibration assisted magnetic jet machining device according to claim 1, wherein the direct current voltage and current stabilizing power supply has functions of overvoltage protection, short circuit current limiting protection and the like when in use, so that stability of a magnetic field can be guaranteed, a magnetic shield is arranged on the periphery of the coil and is made of silicon steel sheets so that leakage of the magnetic field can be effectively prevented, and the excitation coil and the magnetic shield are arranged outside the nozzle in a surrounding mode.

3. The ultrasonic vibration assisted magnetic jet machining device according to claim 1, wherein the booster pump is driven by gas, and the control valve is arranged in front of the nozzle to open and close the jet flow without closing a boosting system.

4. An ultrasonic vibration assisted magnetic jet machining apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein the nozzle is made of a high magnetic permeability material and is located at the center of the exciting coil and can serve as a core of the exciting coil to increase the magnetic induction intensity.

5. The ultrasonic vibration assisted magnetic jet machining device according to claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic signal source is provided with a frequency tracking circuit module, the transducer is of a piezoelectric ceramic piece sandwich type structure, the piezoelectric ceramic piece is clamped in the front and rear metal cover plates through a prestressed bolt, and the amplifier is of a conical structure.

6. The ultrasonic vibration assisted magnetic jet machining device according to claim 5, wherein the transducer, the amplifier and the clamp are in threaded connection, and the joint surface is coated with vaseline oil.

7. An ultrasonic vibration assisted magnetic jet machining apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rotary table is mounted on a vertically movable slide block to be rotatable about its own axis to adjust the jet angle, the nozzle is mounted on the rotary table, the longitudinally movable slide block and its associated guide rail are mounted on a base, and the ultrasonic vibration table is mounted above the longitudinally movable slide block.

8. An ultrasonic vibration assisted magnetic jet machining apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the shield is mounted below the nozzle, the shield is in communication with a water tank through a pipe, and an agitator and a cooler are provided above the water tank.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of jet machining, in particular to an ultrasonic vibration assisted magnetic jet machining device.

Background

The abrasive jet flow has the characteristics of strong adaptability to the surface shape of a workpiece, no heat effect and the like, and is widely applied to the precision machining of hard and brittle materials. Due to the characteristics of liquid jet, a high velocity gradient is generated at the boundary layer of a gas medium and the jet, the entrainment effect is generated on the surface of the jet, the turbulence intensity is increased, and the jet stream is seriously diverged, so that the erosion effect of abrasive particles is influenced. The magnetic jet processing technology is developed by combining the abrasive jet processing technology and the magnetorheological processing technology, and through the action of an external axial magnetic field, magnetic particles contained in the magnetorheological fluid are arranged along the direction of magnetic lines, and hard abrasive particles are mixed together to form a regular chain structure, so that a stable and collimated abrasive jet beam is formed. The change effect of the magnetorheological fluid under the magnetic field can eliminate the damage of the boundary layer disturbance to the jet structure and make up for the defect of the divergence of the jet of the common abrasive material.

However, because the magnetic jet generates a magnetorheological effect under the action of an external magnetic field, the increase of apparent viscosity leads to the increase of stagnation pressure of an impact area, and a 'water cushion' appears. The high pressure "water cushion" causes the erosion energy of the abrasive particles to be attenuated, and the material removal rate is low. The invention introduces ultrasonic energy by utilizing the tangential vibration mode of the workpiece, and the shearing action of the workpiece-magnetorheological fluid interface caused by vibration can effectively reduce the stagnation-stopping effect caused by a water cushion, thereby reducing the kinetic energy attenuation of abrasive particles and enhancing the removal efficiency of the magnetic jet material.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides an ultrasonic vibration assisted magnetic jet machining device, which introduces ultrasonic energy in a mode of workpiece shearing vibration, thereby improving the stagnation stopping effect caused by the increase of the viscosity of the magnetorheological fluid jet, reducing the kinetic energy loss of abrasive particles and enhancing the removal rate of materials.

The invention adopts the specific technical scheme that: comprises a magnetic field generating device, an ultrasonic vibration workbench, a magnetic jet generating device, a motion mechanism, a protective cover, a water tank, a cooler and a stirrer.

The magnetic field generating device comprises a direct current power supply, a rheostat, a relay, a coil and a magnetic isolation cover. The direct current power supply generates exciting current, the rheostat is used for changing the current so as to adjust the magnetic field intensity, the relay realizes the on-off of the circuit, and the electrified coil generates an axial magnetic field.

Furthermore, the voltage output range of the direct current voltage-stabilizing and current-stabilizing power supply is 0-200V, the current output range is 0-2A, and the direct current voltage-stabilizing and current-stabilizing power supply has the functions of overvoltage protection, short-circuit current-limiting protection and the like when in use, and can ensure the stability of a magnetic field.

Further, the inner diameter, the outer diameter, the length and the number of turns of the coil are determined according to the calculation of the required magnetic field intensity.

Furthermore, the periphery of the coil is provided with a magnetic shield which is made of silicon steel sheets, so that the magnetic field can be effectively prevented from leaking, and the excitation coil and the magnetic shield are arranged outside the nozzle in a surrounding mode.

Preferably, the material of the excitation coil is polyester enameled copper wire.

The magnetic jet generating device comprises a booster pump, an energy accumulator, a pressure gauge, a pressure regulating valve, a control valve and a nozzle. The booster pump is driven by gas and is used for providing certain pressure for the working liquid to form jet flow. The accumulator is used for eliminating pressure fluctuation of the working fluid caused by the supercharger. The pressure gauge is used for monitoring the fluid pressure in the pipeline, and the pressure regulating valve regulates the fluid pressure according to the display numerical value of the pressure gauge, so that the jet velocity is changed. The control valve is arranged in front of the nozzle, so that the jet flow is opened and closed under the condition of not closing the pressurization system, and the energy consumption caused by the pressure lifting process is reduced.

Furthermore, the nozzle is made of a high-magnetic-permeability material, is located in the center of the excitation coil and can serve as an iron core of the excitation coil, so that a magnetic field is concentrated on the center line of the nozzle, and the magnetic induction intensity is improved.

Preferably, the control valve core is made of diamond to improve abrasion resistance.

The ultrasonic vibration working table comprises an ultrasonic signal source, a transducer, an amplifier and a clamp. The signal source generates an ultrasonic frequency electrical oscillation having a power output and then inputs the electrical signal to the transducer. The transducer converts the high-frequency electric oscillation signal into mechanical vibration, and the amplitude is amplified by the amplifier and transmitted to the clamp, so that the workpiece is driven to vibrate.

In actual work, the factors such as temperature rise of the transducer, load characteristic change and the like can cause the resonant frequency to drift, so the ultrasonic signal source is provided with a frequency tracking circuit module.

Furthermore, the transducer adopts a sandwich type structure of piezoelectric ceramic pieces, and the piezoelectric ceramic pieces are clamped in the front and rear metal cover plates through prestressed bolts.

Furthermore, the amplifier adopts a conical shape, and the specific size is calculated and determined according to the requirement of an amplification factor.

Furthermore, the energy converter, the amplifier and the clamp are connected through threads, and vaseline oil is coated on the combined surface, so that energy attenuation caused by air gaps is avoided.

The motion mechanism comprises a base, a support, a cross beam, a transverse moving slide block, a vertical beam, a vertical moving slide block, a rotary table and a longitudinal moving slide block. The cross beam is arranged above the base through a bracket. The transverse moving slide block is matched with the guide rail of the transverse moving slide block and is arranged on the cross beam together. The vertical beam is arranged on the transverse moving slide block, and the vertical moving slide block and the matched guide rail of the vertical moving slide block are arranged on the vertical beam together.

Further, the rotary table is mounted on the vertical moving slide block and can rotate around the axis of the rotary table to adjust the spraying angle, and the nozzle is mounted on the rotary table.

Further, the longitudinal movement sliding block and the matched guide rail thereof are arranged on the base, and the ultrasonic vibration workbench is arranged above the longitudinal movement sliding block.

Further, the movement in the three directions of x, y and z is driven by servo motors.

The protective cover is arranged below the nozzle and used for preventing the magnetorheological fluid from splashing under the action of impact and ultrasonic vibration and playing a role in recycling.

Further, the protective cover is communicated with the water tank through a pipeline, and the recovered magnetorheological fluid and the recovered abrasive particles are sent back to the water tank. And a stirrer and a cooler are arranged above the water tank, and the stirrer is used for homogenizing water, stearic acid dispersing agent, hydroxyl iron particles and abrasive particles to ensure the magneto-rheological effect.

Because the jet flow impacts the workpiece to generate certain heat, the cooler is used for reducing the temperature of the magnetorheological fluid recovered after processing so as to ensure the viscosity of the jet flow beam formed after the magnetic jet flow passes through the magnetic field generating device.

The invention provides an improved magnetic jet processing device, which applies tangential ultrasonic vibration to a workpiece by utilizing an ultrasonic vibration workbench, and the stagnation stopping effect caused by 'water cushion' in a jet impact area can be improved by the interface shearing action caused by the vibration of the workpiece, so that the kinetic energy loss of abrasive particles is reduced, and the processing efficiency is improved. The ultrasonic generator can adjust the vibration frequency and amplitude of the workpiece to adapt to the magnetic jet under different pump pressures and speeds. The magnetic field intensity generated by the magnet exciting coil can be adjusted through the direct-current power supply, so that the viscosity, the aggregation and collimation degree of the magnetic jet fluid are adjusted, and the precise and efficient machining of workpieces can be realized.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an ultrasonic vibration assisted magnetic jet machining apparatus;

fig. 2 shows the field coil and the nozzle of the device of the invention.

Wherein: 1-direct current power supply, 2-relay, 3-rheostat, 4-coil, 5-magnetic shield, 5-1-fastening screw, 6-booster pump, 7-energy accumulator, 8-pressure gauge, 9-pressure regulating valve, 10-control valve, 11-nozzle, 12-ultrasonic signal source, 13-transducer, 14-amplifier, 15-clamp, 16-base, 17-support, 18-beam, 19-transverse moving slide block and vertical beam, 20-vertical moving slide block, 21-nozzle rotary table, 22-longitudinal moving slide block, 23-protective cover, 24-water tank, 25-stirrer and 26-cooler.

Detailed Description

The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings. Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides an ultrasonic vibration assisted magnetic jet machining apparatus, which includes a magnetic field generating device, an ultrasonic vibration table, a magnetic jet generating device, a moving mechanism, a shield 23, a water tank 24, a stirrer 25 and a cooler 26.

The magnetic field generating device comprises a direct-current power supply 1, a relay 2, a rheostat 3, a coil 4 and a magnetic shield 5, wherein the direct-current power supply 1 generates exciting current, the rheostat 3 is used for changing the current so as to adjust the magnetic field intensity, the relay 2 is used for realizing the on-off of a circuit, the coil 4 generates a magnetic field when the circuit is electrified, and the magnetic shield 5 is arranged on the periphery of the coil.

As shown in fig. 2, the excitation coil 4 and the magnetic shield 5 are both installed around the outside of the nozzle, the excitation coil is placed in the magnetic shield, the lower part of the magnetic shield fixes the lower cover plate of the magnetic shield by using a fastening screw 5-1, and the magnetic shield is connected with the nozzle 11 through threads.

Magnetic jet generating device includes booster pump 6, energy storage ware 7, manometer 8, air-vent valve 9, control valve 10 and nozzle 11, and booster pump 6 is installed in water tank 24 top, follows extraction working solution and provide pressure, and energy storage ware 7 is arranged in eliminating the pressure fluctuation that the booster produced, and manometer 8 is arranged in monitoring pipeline fluid pressure, and air-vent valve 9 shows numerical value according to the manometer and adjusts fluid pressure, and control valve 10 sets up before the nozzle, realizes opening and close the efflux, nozzle 11 is located excitation coil central authorities, can act as excitation coil 4's iron core except that spraying.

The ultrasonic vibration workbench comprises an ultrasonic signal source 12, a transducer 13, an amplifier 14 and a clamp 15, wherein the signal source 12 generates ultrasonic frequency electric oscillation with certain power output, then an electric signal is input into the transducer 13, the transducer 13 converts a high-frequency electric oscillation signal into mechanical vibration, the amplitude is amplified by the amplifier 14 and transmitted to the clamp 15, so that a workpiece is driven to vibrate, and the transducer 13, the amplifier 14 and the clamp 15 are all connected through threads.

The moving mechanism comprises a base 16, a support 17, a cross beam 18, a transverse moving slide block, a vertical beam 19, a vertical moving slide block 20, a rotary table 21 and a longitudinal moving slide block 22, wherein the cross beam 18 is installed above the base 16 through the support 17, the transverse moving slide block 19 is matched with a guide rail of the transverse moving slide block and is installed on the cross beam 18, the vertical beam is integrated with the transverse moving slide block 19, the vertical moving slide block 20 is installed on the vertical beam together with a matched guide rail of the vertical moving slide block, the rotary table 21 is installed on the vertical moving slide block 20 and can rotate around the axis of the vertical moving slide block to adjust the spraying angle, the nozzle 11 is installed on the rotary table 21, the longitudinal moving slide block 22 and the matched guide rail of the longitudinal moving slide block are installed on the base 16, and the ultrasonic vibration workbench is installed above the longitudinal moving slide block 22.

The protection casing 23 is installed in nozzle 11 below, passes through the pipeline UNICOM between protection casing 23 and the water tank 24, water tank 24 top is provided with agitator 25 and cooler 26, the water inlet of booster pump 6 sets up in the water tank.

Before actual processing, a workpiece is arranged on a clamp 15 of an ultrasonic workbench, and a longitudinal moving mechanism 22 is adjusted to enable the workpiece to move to a proper position below a nozzle 11; then, the direct-current power supply 1 is started, the relay 2 is switched on to electrify the circuit, and the rheostat 3 is adjusted to change the current so that the excitation coil 4 generates proper magnetic field intensity; an ultrasonic signal source 12 is started, the required output power and frequency are adjusted, an electric signal is input into an energy converter 13, a high-frequency electric oscillation signal is converted into mechanical vibration, the amplitude is amplified by an amplifier 14 and is transmitted to a clamp 15, and a workpiece is driven to vibrate; starting a booster pump 6 to extract working fluid from a water tank 24 and pressurize the working fluid, eliminating pressure fluctuation through an energy accumulator 7 in a pipeline, monitoring fluid pressure in the pipeline through a pressure gauge 8, adjusting the fluid pressure according to a numerical value displayed by the pressure gauge through a pressure adjusting valve 9, starting a control valve 10, conveying the working fluid to a nozzle 11 through a hydraulic pipeline, forming collimated high-viscosity jet under the action of an axial magnetic field generated by a magnetic field generating device, and spraying the jet to the surface of a workpiece; the transverse moving slide block 19 and the vertical moving slide block 20 can be driven by a servo motor to drive the nozzle 11 to move in a feeding way, and the rotary table 21 can adjust the nozzle impact angle; the workpiece is driven by the ultrasonic vibration workbench to vibrate, the high-pressure water cushion can be partially eliminated by the surface shearing action, and the efficient and precise machining of the workpiece is realized.