阅读说明：本技术 在先进网络中使用解调参考信号确定信道状态信息 (Determining channel state information using demodulation reference signals in advanced networks ) 是由 S·纳米 A·戈施 于 2019-08-21 设计创作，主要内容包括：本文提供了在先进网络(例如,4G、5G以及更高)中使用解调参考信号来促进信道状态信息的确定。系统的操作可以包括将第一信道状态信息传送到通信网络的网络设备。所述第一信道状态信息可以基于接收参考信号来确定。所述操作还可以包括基于从所述网络设备接收到的经调度解调参考信号来确定第二信道状态信息,并且所述操作包括确定预编码矩阵索引、秩信息和信道质量索引信息。进一步,所述操作可以包括将所述第二信道状态信息传送到所述网络设备。(The use of demodulation reference signals in advanced networks (e.g., 4G, 5G, and higher) to facilitate determination of channel state information is provided herein. The operation of the system may include communicating the first channel state information to a network device of the communication network. The first channel state information may be determined based on a received reference signal. The operations may also include determining second channel state information based on a scheduled demodulation reference signal received from the network device, and the operations include determining a precoding matrix index, rank information, and channel quality index information. Further, the operations may include transmitting the second channel state information to the network device.)

1. A system, comprising:

a processor; and

a memory storing executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, facilitate performance of operations comprising:

transmitting first channel state information to a network device of a communication network, wherein the first channel state information is determined based on receiving a reference signal;

determining second channel state information based on a scheduled demodulation reference signal received from the network device, and the operations include determining a precoding matrix index, rank information, and channel quality index information; and

transmitting the second channel state information to the network device.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein determining the second channel state information is performed in close temporal proximity to decoding a physical downlink shared channel.

3. The system of claim 2, wherein decoding the physical downlink shared channel and determining the second channel state information are performed in a same time slot as determining a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio on an effective channel.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein determining the second channel state information comprises estimating an effective channel, and wherein the operations further comprise using the effective channel as a new channel.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein transmitting comprises transmitting the channel quality index information, the precoding matrix index, and the rank information to the network device.

6. The system of claim 5, wherein the operations further comprise;

determining that a first rank of the rank information is less than or equal to a second rank of physical downlink shared channel transmissions.

7. The system of claim 1, wherein determining the second channel state information comprises determining a link quality metric using mutual information.

8. The system of claim 1, wherein determining the second channel state information comprises determining a link quality metric using capacity information.

9. The system of claim 1, wherein transmitting the second channel state information comprises transmitting the second channel state information using a precoded channel.

10. The system of claim 9, wherein the precoded channel is configured to operate in accordance with a fifth generation wireless network communication protocol.

11. A method, comprising:

facilitating, by a mobile device of a communication network, a first transmission of first channel state information determined based on receiving reference signals to a network device of the communication network, the mobile device comprising a processor;

determining, by the mobile device, second channel state information based on a demodulation reference signal received from the network device, an

Facilitating, by the mobile device, a second transmission of the second channel state information to the network device, wherein the second channel state information comprises channel quality index information.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein facilitating the second transmission comprises facilitating the second transmission to the network device using a precoded channel.

13. The method of claim 11, wherein determining the second channel state information comprises determining the second channel state information during a physical downlink shared channel decoding time.

14. The method of claim 11, further comprising:

decoding, by the mobile device, a physical downlink shared channel; and

determining, by the mobile device, a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio on an effective channel during a same time slot as decoding the physical downlink shared channel and determining the second channel state information.

15. The method of claim 11, wherein determining the second channel state information comprises determining a link quality metric using mutual information.

16. The method of claim 11, wherein determining the second channel state information comprises determining a link quality metric using capacity information.

17. A system, comprising:

a processor; and

a memory storing executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, facilitate performance of operations comprising:

receiving, from a mobile device, first channel state information for a first reference signal transmitted with a first precoding matrix;

determining a second precoding matrix based on the first precoding matrix; and

transmitting a second reference signal to the mobile device with the second precoding matrix.

18. The system of claim 17, wherein determining the second precoding matrix comprises a multiplication using a previously used precoding matrix including the first precoding matrix.

19. The system of claim 17, wherein the operations further comprise;

receiving second channel state information from the mobile device based on the second reference signal; and

determining a third precoding matrix from the first precoding matrix and the second precoding matrix.

20. The system of claim 17, wherein transmitting comprises transmitting the second reference signal using a channel configured to operate in accordance with a fifth generation wireless network communication protocol.

Technical Field

The present disclosure relates generally to the field of mobile communications, and more particularly to determining and reporting channel state information in wireless communication systems for advanced networks (e.g., 4G, 5G, and higher).

Background

To meet the tremendous demand for data-centric applications, third generation partnership project (3GPP) systems and systems employing one or more aspects of the fourth generation (4G) wireless communication standard specification will be extended to fifth generation (5G) wireless communication standards. Unique challenges exist in providing service levels associated with the upcoming 5G or other next generation wireless communication standards.

Drawings

Various non-limiting embodiments are further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

fig. 1 illustrates an example, non-limiting wireless communication system in accordance with various aspects and embodiments of the subject disclosure;

fig. 2 illustrates an example non-limiting schematic system block diagram of a message sequence diagram between a network node and a user equipment in accordance with one or more embodiments;

fig. 3 illustrates an example, non-limiting representation of a portion of a multiple-input multiple-output communication system including a coding chain for a physical downlink shared channel transmitter in accordance with one or more embodiments;

fig. 4 illustrates a diagram of rank information distribution in accordance with one or more embodiments described herein;

fig. 5 illustrates a diagram of precoding matrix index distribution in accordance with one or more embodiments described herein;

fig. 6 illustrates an example non-limiting schematic system block diagram of a message sequence diagram using demodulation reference signals between a network node and a user equipment in accordance with one or more embodiments;

fig. 7 illustrates an example schematic system block diagram of an exhaustive precoding matrix index and rank information search for 4 x 4 multiple-input multiple-output in an LTE/LTE-a system in accordance with one or more embodiments;

fig. 8 illustrates an example non-limiting method for determining channel quality information in accordance with one or more embodiments described herein;

fig. 9 illustrates an example block diagram of an example mobile handset (handset) operable to participate in a system architecture that facilitates wireless communication in accordance with one or more embodiments described herein; and

fig. 10 illustrates an example block diagram of an example computer operable to participate in a system architecture that facilitates wireless communication in accordance with one or more embodiments described herein.

Detailed Description

One or more embodiments will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which example embodiments are shown. In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the various embodiments. However, various embodiments may be practiced without these specific details (and without applying to any particular networking environment or standard).

Described herein are systems, methods, articles of manufacture, and other embodiments or implementations that may facilitate determination of channel state information in advanced networks using demodulation reference signals. In one embodiment, a system is described herein that may include a processor and a memory storing executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, facilitate performance of operations. The operations may include transmitting the first channel state information to a network device of a communication network. The first channel state information may be determined based on a received reference signal. The operations may also include determining second channel state information based on a scheduled demodulation reference signal received from the network device, and the operations include determining a precoding matrix index, rank information, and channel quality index information. Further, the operations may include transmitting the second channel state information to the network device.

In an example, determining the second channel state information may be performed proximate in time (e.g., at about the same time) as decoding the physical downlink shared channel. In a further example, decoding the physical downlink shared channel and determining the second channel state information may be performed within the same time slot as determining a signal to interference plus noise ratio on an effective channel.

According to some implementations, determining the second channel state information may include estimating an effective channel. Further in accordance with these implementations, the operations may include using the active channel as a new channel.

In some implementations, the operations may include determining a precoding matrix index and rank information. Transmitting the second channel state information may include transmitting the channel quality index information, the precoding matrix index, and the rank information to the network device. Further in accordance with these implementations, the operations may include determining that a first rank of the rank information is less than or equal to a second rank of physical downlink shared channel transmissions.

In another implementation, determining the second channel state information may include determining a link quality metric using mutual information. In other implementations, determining the second channel state information may include using capacity information to determine a link quality metric.

According to some implementations, transmitting the second channel state information may include transmitting the second channel state information using a precoded channel. Further in accordance with these implementations, the precoded channel may be configured to operate in accordance with a fifth generation wireless network communication protocol.

In another embodiment, a method is provided that may include: a first transmission of first channel state information determined based on receiving reference signals to a network device of a communication network is facilitated by a mobile device of the communication network, the mobile device comprising a processor. The method may also include determining, by the mobile device, second channel state information based on a demodulation reference signal received from the network device. Further, the method may include facilitating, by the mobile device, a second transmission of the second channel state information to the network device. The second channel state information may include channel quality index information.

In an example, facilitating the second transmission can include facilitating the second transmission to the network device using a precoded channel. In another example, determining the second channel state information may include determining the second channel state information during a physical downlink shared channel decoding time.

In some implementations, the method can include decoding, by the mobile device, a physical downlink shared channel. The method may also include determining, by the mobile device, a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio on an effective channel during a same time slot as decoding the physical downlink shared channel and determining the second channel state information.

According to some implementations, determining the second channel state information may include determining a link quality metric using mutual information. According to some implementations, determining the second channel state information may include determining a link quality metric using capacity information.

According to another embodiment, a system is provided that includes a processor and a memory storing executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, facilitate performance of operations. The operations may include receiving, from a mobile device, first channel state information for a first reference signal transmitted with a first precoding matrix. The operations may also include determining a second precoding matrix based on the first precoding matrix. Further, the operations may include transmitting a second reference signal to the mobile device with the second precoding matrix.

In an example, determining the second precoding matrix may include using multiplication of previously used precoding matrices including the first precoding matrix. According to another example, transmitting the second reference signal may include transmitting the second reference signal using a channel configured to operate according to a fifth generation wireless network communication protocol.

In another example, the operations may include receiving second channel state information from the mobile device based on the second reference signal. Further, the operations may include determining a third precoding matrix from the first precoding matrix and the second precoding matrix.

Various aspects described herein may relate to a New Radio (NR) that may be deployed as a standalone radio access technology or as a non-standalone radio access technology assisted by another radio access technology such as Long Term Evolution (LTE). It should be noted that although various aspects and embodiments are described herein in the context of a 5G, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), and/or Long Term Evolution (LTE) or other next generation network, the disclosed aspects are not limited to a 5G, UMTS implementation and/or an LTE implementation, as these techniques may also be applied to 3G, 4G, or LTE systems. For example, aspects or features of the disclosed embodiments can be employed in substantially any wireless communication technology. Such wireless communication technologies may include UMTS, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Wi-Fi, Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), enhanced GPRS, third generation partnership project (3GPP), LTE, third generation partnership project 2(3GPP2) Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), High Speed Packet Access (HSPA), evolved high speed packet access (HSPA +), High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA), High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA), Zigbee, or another ieee802.xx technology. In addition, substantially all aspects disclosed herein may be used with conventional telecommunications technology.

As used herein, "5G" may also be referred to as NR access. Accordingly, there is a need for systems, methods, and/or machine-readable storage media for facilitating determination and reporting of channel state information in a wireless communication system of an advanced network. As used herein, one or more aspects of a 5G network may include, but are not limited to, supporting data rates of tens of megabits per second (Mbps) for thousands of users; providing tens of users (e.g., tens of workers on the same office floor) at the same time with at least 1 gigabit per second (Gbps); support hundreds of thousands of simultaneous connections for large-scale sensor deployments; significantly improved spectral efficiency compared to 4G; coverage is improved relative to 4G; improved signaling efficiency compared to 4G; and/or significantly reduced latency compared to LTE.

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems can significantly improve the data-carrying capacity of wireless systems. For these reasons, MIMO is an indispensable part of third and fourth generation wireless systems. A 5G system may also employ a MIMO system, also referred to as a massive MIMO system (e.g., hundreds of antennas on the transmitter and/or receiver side). In (N)_t,N_r) In an example of a system, where N_tDenotes the number of transmit antennas and N_rRepresenting the number of receive antennas, and where N is an integer, the peak data rate multiplied by a factor N over a single antenna system in a rich scattering environment_t。

Fig. 1 illustrates an example non-limiting wireless communication system 100 in accordance with various aspects and embodiments of the subject disclosure. In an example embodiment, the wireless communication system 100 is or includes a wireless communication network served by one or more wireless communication network providers. In an example embodiment, the wireless communication system 100 may include one or more User Equipment (UE)102 (e.g., 102)₁、102₂……102_n) Which may include one or more antenna panels that include vertical and horizontal elements. The UE 102 may be any user equipment device, such as a mobile phone, a smartphone, a cellular-enabled laptop (e.g., including a broadband adaptor), a tablet, a wearable device, a Virtual Reality (VR) device, a head-mounted display (HUD) device, a smart car, a Machine Type Communication (MTC) device, and so forth. The UE 102 may also include internet of things (IoT) devices that may communicate wirelessly. The UE 102 roughly corresponds to a Mobile Station (MS) for a global system for mobile communications (GSM) system. Thus, the network node 104 (e.g., network node device) may provide connectivity between the UE and a broader cellular network, and may facilitate, via the network node 104, between the UE and a wireless communication network (e.g., one or more communication service provider networks 106)To wireless communications. UE 102 may wirelessly transmit and/or receive communication data to network node 104. The dashed arrows from the network node 104 to the UE 102 represent Downlink (DL) communications, and the solid arrows from the UE 102 to the network node 104 represent Uplink (UL) communications.

The non-limiting term network node (e.g., network node device) is used herein to refer to any type of network node that serves UE 102 and/or is connected to other network nodes, network elements, or another network node from which UE 102 may receive radio signals. In a cellular radio access network, such as a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network, the network nodes may be referred to as Base Transceiver Stations (BTSs), radio base stations, radio network nodes, base stations, node bs, eNode bs (e.g., evolved node bs), and so on. In 5G terminology, a node may be referred to as a enode B (e.g., a gNB) device. The network node may also include multiple antennas for performing various transmission operations (e.g., MIMO operations). The network nodes may include cabinets and other protected enclosures, masts and actual antennas. A network node may serve multiple cells (also referred to as sectors) depending on the configuration and type of antenna. Examples of network nodes (e.g., network node 104) may include, but are not limited to: node B devices, Base Station (BS) devices, Access Point (AP) devices, and Radio Access Network (RAN) devices. Network node 104 may also include multi-standard radio (MSR) radio node equipment, including: MSR BS, eNode B, network controller, Radio Network Controller (RNC), Base Station Controller (BSC), relay, donor node controlling the relay, Base Transceiver Station (BTS), transmission point, transmission node, Radio Remote Unit (RRU), Remote Radio Head (RRH), node in a Distributed Antenna System (DAS), etc.

The wireless communication system 100 may further include one or more communication service provider networks 106 that may facilitate providing wireless communication services to various UEs, including the UE 102, via the network node 104 and/or various additional network devices (not shown) included in the one or more communication service provider networks 106. The one or more communication service provider networks 106 may include various types of different networks, including: a cellular network, a femto network, a pico network, a micro network, an Internet Protocol (IP) network, a Wi-Fi service network, a broadband service network, an enterprise network, a cloud-based network, etc. For example, in at least one implementation, the wireless communication system 100 may be or may include a large-scale wireless communication network that spans various geographic areas. Depending on the implementation, the one or more communication service provider networks 106 may be or may include a wireless communication network and/or various additional devices and components of a wireless communication network (e.g., additional network devices and cells, additional UEs, network server devices, etc.). The network node 104 may be connected to one or more communication service provider networks 106 via one or more backhaul links 108. For example, one or more backhaul links 108 can include wired link components such as a T1/E1 telephone line, a Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) (e.g., either synchronous or asynchronous), asymmetric DSL (adsl), fiber backbone, coaxial cable, and so forth. One or more backhaul links 108 may also include wireless link components such as, but not limited to: may include a line-of-sight (LOS) or non-LOS link to a terrestrial air interface or deep space link (e.g., a satellite communication link for navigation).

In one example, the UE 102 may send a reference signal back to the network node 104. The network node 104 may acquire the received reference signals from the UE 102, estimate the conditions of the channel (which may be affected by various factors such as objects in line of sight, weather, motion, interference, etc.), and after correcting for more problems (e.g., interference), may adjust the beamforming rate for each antenna transmitting to the UE 102 and may change parameters in order to transmit better beams towards the UE 102. This ability to select a MIMO scheme and use beamforming to concentrate energy and adapt to changing channel conditions can enable higher data rates.

Fig. 2 illustrates an example non-limiting schematic system block diagram 200 of a message sequence diagram between a network node and a user equipment in accordance with one or more embodiments. Repeated descriptions of similar elements employed in other embodiments described herein are omitted for the sake of brevity. Fig. 2 depicts a message sequence chart for downlink data transfer in a 5G system. The network node 104 may transmit a pilot signal or a reference signal to a User Equipment (UE) 102. The reference signals may be cell-specific and/or user equipment-specific with respect to a profile of the UE 102 or some type of mobile identifier. At block 202, from the reference signals, the UE 102 may calculate channel estimates (e.g., Channel State Information (CSI)) and may calculate parameters for CSI reporting. The CSI report may include: channel Quality Indicator (CQI), Precoding Matrix Index (PMI), Rank Information (RI), CSI-RS resource indicator (e.g., CRI, same as beam indicator), etc.

The UE 102 may then transmit the CSI report to the network node 104 aperiodically and/or periodically via a feedback channel according to a request from the network node 104. At 204, the network scheduler may utilize the CSI reports to determine downlink transmission scheduling parameters, which are specific to the UE 102. The scheduling parameters 204 may include a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS), power, Physical Resource Blocks (PRBs), and so on. The network node 104 may transmit the scheduling parameters to the UE 102 in a downlink control channel or a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH). Fig. 2 depicts physical layer signaling, wherein a change in density of physical layer signaling can be reported or made part of Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling. In the physical layer, the density may be adjusted by the network node 104 and then sent to the UE 102 as part of the downlink control channel data. The network node 104 may transmit the scheduling parameter including the adjusted density to the UE 102 via a downlink control channel. Thereafter and/or concurrently, data may be communicated from the network node 104 to the UE 102 via a data traffic channel.

MIMO is an advanced antenna technology to improve spectral efficiency and thus overall system capacity. The MIMO technique represents a MIMO configuration according to the number of transmission antennas (M) and reception antennas (N) on one end of a transmission system using well-known symbols (M × N). Common MIMO configurations for various technologies are: (2 × 1), (1 × 2), (2 × 2), (4 × 2), (8 × 2), and (2 × 4), (4 × 4), and (8 × 4). In addition, 3GPP is discussing extending the number of antennas at the base station to 16/32/64. The configurations represented by (2 × 1) and (1 × 2) are special cases of MIMO, and are referred to as transmit diversity and receive diversity.

A downlink reference signal is a predefined signal occupying a particular resource element within a downlink time-frequency grid. There are several types of downlink reference signals that may be transmitted by a receiving terminal in different manners and used for different purposes, including, for example, channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS) and demodulation reference signals (DM-RS or DMRS). The CSI-RS may be used by the terminal to acquire Channel State Information (CSI) and beam specific information (e.g., beam reference signal received power). In 5G, CSI-RS may be UE specific, so its time/frequency density may be significantly reduced. DM-RS (also sometimes referred to as UE-specific reference signal) may be used by a terminal to perform channel estimation on a data channel. The label "UE-specific" relates to each demodulation reference signal being intended for channel estimation by a single terminal. The demodulation reference signal may then be transmitted within the resource block allocated for data traffic channel transmission to the terminal. In addition to the above reference signals, there are other reference signals, i.e. phase tracking and sounding reference signals that can be used for various purposes.

The uplink control channel carries information on hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ-ACK) information corresponding to downlink data transmission, and channel state information. The channel state information may include CRI, RI, CQI, PMI, layer indicator, and the like. CSI can be divided into two categories: a first class for subbands and a second class for wideband. The configuration of subband or wideband CSI reports is performed by RRC signaling as part of the CSI reporting configuration. Table 1 below illustrates the content of CSI reports for PMI format indicator-wideband, CQI format indicator-wideband, and CSI reports for PMI format indicator-subband, CQI format indicator-subband.

Table 1: content of CSI reports for both wideband and sidebands

Note that for NR, subbands are defined according to PRBs according to a bandwidth part of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), as shown in table 2 below. The subband configuration is also performed through RRC signaling.

Carrier bandwidth Part (PRB)	Sub-band size (PRB)
		<24	N/A
24-72	4,8
		73-144	8,16
145-275	16,32

Table 2: configurable sub-band size

According to the 5G NR standard, the UE should report the sub-band CQI as a differential CQI. This is done to reduce uplink overhead. The differential band CQI is defined as:

for each subband index s, a two-bit subband differential CQI is defined as:

subband offset level(s) ═ wideband CQI index(s) — subband CQI index(s)

The mapping from two-bit wideband differential CQI values to offset levels is shown in table 3 below.

Sub-band differential CQI values	Offset level
		0	0
1	1
		2	≥2
3	≤-1

Table 3: mapping sub-band differential CQI values to offset levels

In NR version 15, the following table summarizes CSI-RS configurations and CSI reports. It can be seen that for CSI reporting, CSI-RS transmission and signaling is required from the network to the UE.

TABLE 5.2.1.4-1: triggering/activating CSI reporting for possible CSI-RS configurations.

A Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) may carry information about scheduling grants. The information may include the number of scheduled MIMO layers, transport block size, modulation of each codeword, HARQ related parameters, subband location, etc. Note that all DCI formats may not transmit all the information as shown above. In general, the content of the PDCCH depends on the transmission mode and DCI format. In some cases, the following information is transmitted through a Downlink Control Information (DCI) format: a carrier indicator, a DCI format identifier, a bandwidth part indicator, a frequency domain resource allocation, a time domain resource allocation, a VRB to PRB mapping flag, a PRB bundling size indicator, a rate matching indicator, a ZP CSI-RS trigger, a modulation and coding scheme for each TB, a new data indicator for each TB, a redundancy version for each TB, a HARQ process number, a downlink allocation index, a TPC command for an uplink control channel, a PUCCH resource indicator, a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) to HARQ feedback timing indicator, antenna port(s), a transmission configuration indication, a SRS request, CBG transmission information, CBG refresh information, and/or DMRS sequence initialization.

Fig. 3 illustrates an example, non-limiting representation of a portion of a MIMO communication system 300 including code chains for PDSCH transmitters in accordance with one or more embodiments. More specifically, illustrated is a N_tA transmission side of a MIMO communication system of individual transmit antennas. There are up to two Transport Blocks (TBs), illustrated as a first transport block 302(TB1) and a second transport block 304(TB 2). When the number of layers is less than or equal to four, the number of transport blocks is equal to one. If the number of layers is greater than four, two transport blocks are transmitted.

CRC bits are added to each transport block (e.g., first transport block 302 and second transport block 304) and passed to a channel encoder (e.g., encoder and scrambling 306)₁And 306₂). Low density parity check codes (LDPC) are NR's FEC. Channel encoder (e.g., encoder and scrambling 306)₁And 306₂) Parity bits are added to protect the data. After encoding, the data stream is scrambled by user-specific scrambling. The stream then passes through an interleaver (e.g., interleaver and modulator 308)₁And 308₂). The size of the interleaver is adaptively controlled through puncturing to increase the data rate. By using toThe adaptation is achieved from information of the feedback channel (e.g., channel state information sent by the receiver). The interleaved data passes through a symbol mapper (modulator). The symbol mapper is also controlled by the adaptive controller 310. After modulation, the stream passes through a layer mapper 312 and a precoder 314. The resulting symbols are mapped (e.g., via remapper 316)₁And 316₂) To resource elements in a time-frequency grid of OFDM. The resulting stream is then passed through an IFFT block (e.g., IFFT 318)₁And 318₂). Note that IFFT blocks (e.g., IFFT 318)₁And 318₂) Is necessary for some communication systems implementing OFDMA as an access technology (e.g., 5G, LTE/LTE-a, etc.), which may vary in other systems and depend on multiple access systems. Then, the encoded streams pass through the respective antennas (e.g., first antenna 320(Ant 1) through nth antenna 322(Ant N)_t) Is transmitted).

As described above, for CSI reporting, a reference signal for estimating a channel is required between the UE and the gNB, and the report informs a setting of resources for reporting CSI. It can be seen that the existing configuration involves a lot of overhead and waste of resources. This in turn reduces the resources allocated for data traffic channels and current solutions are not attractive for eMBB data applications. In addition, some frameworks for CSI computation involve latency, as the UE needs to check the CSI-RS, which may be periodic (e.g., every 5 milliseconds), and compute and report the CSI periodically (e.g., every 10 milliseconds). Therefore, a huge delay is involved in using CSI reported by the UE. This large delay affects delay sensitive applications such as URLLC and mission critical applications. Some methods for DMRS based channel estimation have limitations as DMRS based CSI estimation, and a UE may only calculate CQI when seeing an effective channel HW. However, with this technique, the UE cannot capture the instantaneous change of the channel. Therefore, the UE cannot update the PMI and RI. This inability to capture transient changes limits the performance of 5G NR. To address this and other problems, the disclosed aspects provide an efficient solution to report CSI for next generation wireless communication systems.

Various aspects provided herein relate to determining CSI using scheduled PDSCH and DM-RS, thereby reducing the overhead of CSI computation. The various aspects include a number of embodiments that may be implemented at both a network node and a UE. For example, a method at a UE for calculating CSI using DMRS and PDSCH based channel estimation is provided. In another example, provided is a method at a UE for reporting CSI. In another example, provided is a method at a network for indicating a DMRS-based CSI request. In yet another example, provided is a method at a network node for applying a precoding matrix.

The disclosed aspects may provide various advantages. For example, significant increases in sector throughput and cell-edge user throughput when the network efficiently obtains information about CQI can be achieved through the disclosed aspects. Further, a reduction in signaling overhead may also be achieved by the disclosed aspects.

Note that various aspects are discussed herein with respect to downlink data transmission for a MIMO system. However, these principles apply to uplink data transmission and/or sidelink systems.

For simplicity, a radio network node or simply a network node is used for the gbb. The term radio network node refers to any type of network node serving the UE and/or connected to other network nodes or network elements or any radio nodes from which the UE receives signals. Examples of radio network nodes include, but are not limited to, Node BS, Base Stations (BS), multi-standard radio (MSR) nodes (e.g., MSR BS, gNB, eNode B, network controller, Radio Network Controller (RNC), Base Station Controller (BSC), relay, donor Node control relay, Base Transceiver Station (BTS), Access Point (AP), transmission point, transmission Node, Radio Remote Unit (RRU), Remote Radio Head (RRH), nodes in a Distributed Antenna System (DAS), and the like.

Similarly, for reception, the term User Equipment (UE) is used. A UE refers to any type of wireless device that communicates with a radio network node in a cellular or mobile communication system. Examples of UEs include, but are not limited to, target devices, device-to-device (D2D) UEs, machine type UEs or UEs capable of machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, PDAs, tablets, mobile terminals, smart phones, Laptop Embedded Equipment (LEE), laptop installation equipment (LME), USB dongle (dongle), and so forth. Further, the terms element, elements and antenna port are used interchangeably but have the same meaning in this specification.

The motivation for the aspects discussed herein is that the RI, which is typically computed over the entire bandwidth, does not change. In a similar manner, the PMI computed over the entire bandwidth does not change, as illustrated in fig. 4 and 5. More specifically, fig. 4 illustrates a diagram 400 of rank information distribution according to one or more embodiments described herein. The slot number 402 is shown on the horizontal axis, while rank information 404 is shown on the vertical axis. The illustrated rank information distribution exceeds 0.5 milliseconds (ms). Further, graph 400 illustrates a snapshot of rank information distribution at a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 20 decibels (dB).

Fig. 5 illustrates a diagram 500 of precoding matrix index distribution in accordance with one or more embodiments described herein. Slot number 502 is represented on the horizontal axis, while precoding matrix index 504 is illustrated on the vertical axis. The illustrated precoding matrix index distribution exceeds 0.5 milliseconds (ms). Further, graph 500 illustrates a snapshot of precoding matrix indices at a SNR of 20 dB.

Thus, if the UE can calculate CSI for the scheduled rank and the scheduled PMI using DMRS-based channel estimation, the calculated CQI may be similar to that of the CSI-RS-based channel estimation. Accordingly, the UE may calculate the CQI using channel estimates from channel estimates based on the DM-RS or PDSCH. Further, the UE may estimate the CSI during the PDSCH decoding time. Thus, the UE may decode the PDSCH and may calculate the CQI in the same time slot as the UE finds the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) on the effective channel HW. According to various implementations, the UE may compute the PMI and RI in addition to the CQI.

Mathematically, for a MIMO system with Nt transmit antennas and Nr receive antennas, the received signal Y is written as Y, and for the ith subcarrier, the received signal can be written as:

Y＝HWx+n

where H is the channel matrix between the dimensions (Nr x Nt) of the transmitter antenna elements, W is the digital precoding matrix of dimension (Nt x R) and x is the transmitted signal vector of size (R x 1), and R is the transmission rank of the system (of PDSCH).

When or after the UE estimates the effective channel HW, the UE may consider the effective channel as a new channel N_ew. Algorithms for calculating the precoding matrix, the updated rank, and the CQI will be explained below.

Fig. 6 illustrates an example non-limiting schematic system block diagram 600 of a message sequence diagram using demodulation reference signals between a network node and a user equipment in accordance with one or more embodiments. Repeated descriptions of similar elements employed in other embodiments described herein are omitted for the sake of brevity.

As a first embodiment, the UE may estimate the channel (at 602) using DMRS for both PDSCH demodulation and CSI computation for the scheduled number of layers and precoding. The UE may calculate the SINR using the following expression (for an MMSE-based detector) when or after the UE estimates the channel:

SINR_i＝H_iS^-1H_i，

according to various implementations, the CSI may be obtained based on using mutual information or based on using a capacity method. A method of using mutual information will be discussed.

As mentioned above, in NR, the UE will estimate the appropriate CSI (e.g., CQI, PMI and RI) in order to maximize throughput while maintaining a block error rate (BLER) constraint, which can be mathematically described by a joint (integer) optimization problem,

unfortunately, this union (discrete/integer)) The optimization problem does not have any closed form solution. Therefore, it may be decided to estimate the appropriate PMI/RI (independent of CQI). Thereafter, the appropriate CQI is estimated accordingly for the selected PMI (and RI). Wherein [ A ]]_i,iCorresponding to the ith diagonal element of matrix a.

To estimate the appropriate PMI/RI, a so-called Link Quality Metric (LQM) is calculated, e.g., average mutual information, denoted mMI (per subband/wideband), as given below:

wherein, I (SINR)_i[k]) Is the mutual information, which is the post-processing SINR for the ith spatial layer and the kth resource element as given in table 4 below_i[k](and modulation letter a). The number of resource elements employed for computing the above-mentioned LQM is given by the parameter K (depending on the wideband/subband PMI estimate).

Table 4.

At or after mMI (per subband/wideband) is estimated, unconstrained optimization may be employed to jointly estimate PMI and RI, which may be given as follows:

fig. 7 illustrates an example schematic system block diagram for exhaustive PMI and RI search for 4 x 4MIMO in an LTE/LTE-a system in accordance with one or more embodiments. Fig. 7 depicts how PMI and RI are calculated based on mutual information method. Note that with the selected PMI/RI, the CQI may be subsequently calculated. For example, rank hypotheses (e.g., rank 1 hypothesis 702, rank 2 hypothesis 704, rank 3 hypothesis 706, and rank R hypothesis 708, where R is an integer) may be sent to several corresponding PMI hypotheses 710₁、710₂……710_n. Thereafter, the method can be described by712 transmit and receive data from corresponding PMI hypotheses 710₁、710₂……710_nThe data of (1). Block 712 may also receive channel estimates, noise covariance estimates, and other channel parameters from block 700, whereby block 712 may generate a PMI and RI joint estimate. Thereafter, a PMI estimate (e.g., wideband PMI estimate 714) and RI estimate 716 may be output by block 712.

A method of using a capacity method of obtaining CSI will now be discussed. The method for the capacity method is similar to the method using mutual information. However, for the capacity method, instead of finding mutual information, the capacity is calculated as follows:

fig. 8 illustrates an example non-limiting method 800 for determining channel quality information in accordance with one or more embodiments described herein. The method 800 may be used to determine link quality metrics for both mutual information and capacity-based methods.

The method 800 may be implemented by a UE of a wireless network, the UE comprising a processor. Alternatively or additionally, the machine-readable storage medium may include executable instructions that, when executed by a processor, facilitate performance of the operations of method 800.

The methodology 800 begins at 802, where a channel is estimated via a reference signal and associated data. For example, the reference signals and associated data may be cell-specific/UE-specific reference signals that may be received from a base station (e.g., a gNB). At 804 of method 800, a post-processing SINR may be determined. For example, a post-processing SINR may be determined for each entity in the precoding codebook.

Further, at 806 of method 800, one or more link quality metrics for each entity in the precoding codebook can be determined. The link quality metric may be capacity or mutual information as discussed herein. Precoding control indices and corresponding rank information that maximizes a link quality metric may be determined at 808 of method 800.

The PMI may be determined at 810 of the method 800 based on the rank information selected at 808. Further, at 812, a CQI may be determined based on the rank information and PMI determined at 808 and 810, respectively.

According to some implementations, a network device of a wireless network may transmit data with a DMRS based on CSI estimates. The network device may include a processor. Alternatively or additionally, a machine-readable storage medium may include executable instructions that when executed by a processor facilitate transmission of data with a DMRS based on CSI estimates.

Upon or after the UE transmits CSI to the network (e.g., network device), the network may select the precoding matrix as the previously used precoding matrix W and the updated precoding matrix (e.g., W)_{Is updated}) The product of (a). That is, the system equation now becomes

Updated x + n for HWW

This process may be repeated whenever the network wants to use CSI from DMRS based CSI reports. Note that W is precoding for PDSCH. Similarly, the updated rank is always equal to or greater than R (e.g., the rank of PDSCH transmission).

As discussed herein, according to an aspect, fast CSI computation and reporting in a 5G wireless communication system is provided. Further, according to another aspect, a method at a network node for applying precoding using DMRS based channel state information estimation is provided. By the disclosed aspects, advantages may include a significant increase in sector throughput and cell-edge user throughput when the network efficiently obtains information about CQI/PMI/RI. Another advantage may include a reduction in signaling overhead.

While, for purposes of simplicity of explanation, the methodologies are shown and described as a series of blocks, it is to be understood and appreciated that the disclosed aspects are not limited by the number or order of blocks, as some blocks may occur in different orders and/or at substantially the same time as other blocks from what is depicted and described herein. Moreover, not all illustrated blocks may be required to implement the disclosed methodologies. It is to be understood that the functionality associated with the blocks may be implemented by software, hardware, a combination thereof, or any other suitable means (e.g., device, system, process, component, etc.). Additionally, it should be further appreciated that the disclosed methods are capable of being stored on an article of manufacture to facilitate transporting and transferring such methods to various devices. Those skilled in the art will understand and appreciate that the methodologies could alternatively be represented as a series of interrelated states or events, such as in a state diagram.

Described herein are systems, methods, articles of manufacture, and other embodiments or implementations that may facilitate determination of channel state information in advanced networks using demodulation reference signals. The use of demodulation reference signals to facilitate determination of channel state information in advanced networks may be implemented in conjunction with: any type of device connected to a communication network (e.g., a mobile handset, a computer, a handheld device, etc.), any internet of things (IoT) device (e.g., a toaster, a coffee maker, a shutter, a music player, a speaker, etc.), and/or any connected vehicle (an automobile, an airplane, a space rocket, and/or other at least partially automated aerial vehicle (e.g., a drone)). In some embodiments, the non-limiting term User Equipment (UE) is used. It may refer to any type of wireless device communicating with a radio network node in a cellular or mobile communication system. Examples of UEs are target devices, device-to-device (D2D) UEs, machine type UEs or UEs capable of machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, PDAs, tablets, mobile terminals, smart phones, laptop embedded devices (LEEs), laptop installation equipment (LMEs), USB dongles, and the like. Note that the terms element, elements, and antenna port may be used interchangeably, but have the same meaning in this disclosure. Embodiments are applicable to single carrier as well as multi-carrier (MC) or Carrier Aggregation (CA) operation of a UE. The term Carrier Aggregation (CA) is also referred to (e.g., interchangeably referred to as) "multi-carrier system", "multi-cell operation", "multi-carrier" transmission and/or reception.

In some embodiments, the non-limiting terms radio network node or simply network node are used. It may refer to any type of network node serving one or more UEs and/or coupled to other network nodes or network elements or any radio nodes from which one or more UEs receive signals. Examples of radio network nodes are Node BS, Base Stations (BS), multi-standard radio (MSR) nodes (e.g., MSR BS), eNode BS, network controllers, Radio Network Controllers (RNC), Base Station Controllers (BSC), relays, donor Node control relays, Base Transceiver Stations (BTS), Access Points (AP), transmission points, transmission nodes, Radio Remote Units (RRUs), Remote Radio Heads (RRHs), nodes in a Distributed Antenna System (DAS), etc.

A cloud Radio Access Network (RAN) may implement concepts such as Software Defined Network (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) in a 5G network. The present disclosure may facilitate a general channel state information framework design for 5G networks. Particular embodiments of the present disclosure may include an SDN controller that may control the routing of traffic within a network and between the network and a traffic destination. SDN controllers may be incorporated with 5G network architectures to enable service delivery through open Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) and move the network core towards all Internet Protocol (IP), cloud-based and software-driven telecommunication networks. SDN controllers may be used with or in lieu of Policy and Charging Rules Function (PCRF) network elements so that policies such as quality of service, traffic management, and routing may be synchronized and managed end-to-end.

Referring now to fig. 9, an example block diagram of an example mobile handset 900 operable to participate in a system architecture that facilitates wireless communication is illustrated in accordance with one or more embodiments described herein. While a mobile handheld terminal is illustrated herein, it should be understood that the other devices may be mobile devices, and that the mobile handheld terminal is only shown to provide a context for embodiments of the various embodiments described herein. The following discussion is intended to provide a brief, general description of an example of a suitable environment in which various embodiments may be implemented. While the general context of computer-executable instructions, including computer-readable storage media, will be described in the context of a computer program, those skilled in the art will recognize that the innovation also can be implemented in combination with other program modules and/or as a combination of hardware and software.

Generally, applications (e.g., program modules) can include routines, programs, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. Moreover, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the methodologies described herein may be practiced with other system configurations, including single-processor or multiprocessor systems, minicomputers, mainframe computers, as well as personal computers, hand-held computing devices, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, and the like, each of which may be operatively coupled to one or more associated devices.

Computing devices may typically include a variety of machine-readable media. Machine-readable media can be any available media that can be accessed by the computer and includes both volatile and nonvolatile media, removable and non-removable media. By way of example, and not limitation, computer readable media may comprise computer storage media and communication media. Computer storage media may include volatile and/or nonvolatile, removable and/or non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information, such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data. Computer storage media may include, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD ROM, Digital Video Disk (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store the desired information and which can accessed by the computer.

Communication media typically embodies computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism and includes any information delivery media. The term "modulated data signal" means a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode information in the signal. By way of example, and not limitation, communication media includes wired media such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, RF, infrared and other wireless media. Combinations of any of the above should also be included within the scope of computer readable media.

The handheld terminal includes a processor 902 for controlling and processing all on-board operations and functions. The memory 904 interfaces with the processor 902 to store data and one or more applications 906 (e.g., video player software, user feedback component software, etc.). Other applications may include voice recognition of predetermined voice commands that facilitate initiating user feedback signals. Applications 906 may be stored in memory 904 and/or firmware 908 and executed by processor 902 from either or both of memory 904 and/or firmware 908. Firmware 908 may also store boot code for execution when handheld terminal 900 is initialized. The communication component 910 interfaces with the processor 902 to facilitate wired/wireless communication with external systems (e.g., cellular networks, VoIP networks, etc.). Here, the communications component 910 may also include a suitable cellular transceiver 911 (e.g., a GSM transceiver) and/or an unlicensed transceiver 913 (e.g., Wi-Fi, WiMax) for respective signal communications. The handheld terminal 900 may be a device such as a cellular telephone, a PDA with mobile communication capabilities, and a messaging-centric device. The communications component 910 also facilitates receiving communications from terrestrial radio networks (e.g., broadcast), digital satellite radio networks, and internet-based radio service networks.

Handheld terminal 900 includes a display 912 for displaying text, images, video, telephony functions (e.g., caller ID functions), setup functions, and for user input. For example, the display 912 may also be referred to as a "screen," which may accommodate presentation of multimedia content (e.g., musical metadata, messages, wallpaper, graphics, etc.). Display 912 may also display videos and may facilitate the generation, editing, and sharing of video references (quotes). A serial I/O interface 914 is provided in communication with the processor 902 to facilitate wired and/or wireless serial communication (e.g., USB and/or IEEE 1394) via a hardwired connection and other serial input devices (e.g., keyboard, keypad, and mouse). This may support, for example, updating and troubleshooting the handheld terminal 900. Audio I/O component 916 provides audio capabilities and may include a speaker for outputting audio signals related to, for example, an indication of a user pressing the correct key or key combination to initiate a user feedback signal. Audio I/O component 916 also facilitates inputting audio signals through a microphone for recording data and/or telephone voice data, and for inputting voice signals for telephone conversations.

The handheld terminal 900 can include a socket interface 918 for receiving a SIC (subscriber identification component) in the form factor of a Subscriber Identification Module (SIM) or a generic SIM 920, and for interfacing the SIM card 920 with the processor 902. However, it should be appreciated that the SIM card 920 may be manufactured into the handheld terminal 900 and may be updated by downloading data and software.

The handheld terminal 900 can process IP data traffic through the communication component 910 to accommodate IP traffic from an IP network (such as, for example, the internet, a corporate intranet, a home network, a personal area network, etc.) through an ISP or broadband cable provider. Thus, VoIP traffic may be utilized by handheld terminal 900 and IP-based multimedia content may be received in an encoded or decoded format.

A video processing component 922 (e.g., a camera) may be provided to decode the encoded multimedia content. The video processing component 922 may help facilitate the generation, editing, and sharing of video references. The handheld terminal 900 also includes a power supply 924 in the form of a battery and/or an AC powered subsystem, the power supply 924 being interfaced to an external power system or charging equipment (not shown) via power I/O component 926.

The handheld terminal 900 may also include a video component 930 for processing received video content and for recording and transmitting video content. For example, the video component 930 can facilitate generating, editing, and sharing video references. The location tracking component 932 facilitates geographically locating the handheld terminal 900. This occurs when the user activates the feedback signal, either automatically or manually, as described above. The user input component 934 facilitates user initiation of the quality feedback signal. The user input component 934 may also facilitate generating, editing, and sharing video references. User input component 934 may include conventional input device technology such as, for example, a keypad, keyboard, mouse, stylus, and/or touch screen.

Referring again to application 906, a late (hysteresis) component 936 facilitates analysis and processing of late data that is used to determine when to associate with an access point. A software triggering component 938 may be provided that facilitates triggering the delay component 936 when the Wi-Fi transceiver 913 detects a beacon of an access point. SIP client 940 enables handheld terminal 900 to support the SIP protocol and register the subscriber with a SIP registrar. The applications 906 may also include a client 942 that provides at least the ability to discover, play, and store multimedia content (e.g., music).

As described above, the handheld terminal 900 associated with the communications component 910 includes an indoor network radio transceiver 913 (e.g., a Wi-Fi transceiver). This functionality supports an indoor radio link, such as IEEE 802.11, for the dual mode GSM handset 900. The handheld terminal 900 may accommodate at least satellite radio services through a handheld terminal that may combine wireless voice and digital radio chipsets into a single handheld device.

Referring now to fig. 10, an example block diagram of an example computer 1000 operable to participate in a system architecture that facilitates wireless communication is illustrated in accordance with one or more embodiments described herein. The computer 1000 may provide networking and communication capabilities between a wired or wireless communication network and a server (e.g., a Microsoft server) and/or communication device. In order to provide additional context for various aspects thereof, FIG. 10 and the following discussion are intended to provide a brief, general description of a suitable computing environment in which the various aspects of the innovation can be implemented to facilitate establishing transactions between entities and third parties. While the description above is in the general context of computer-executable instructions that may run on one or more computers, those skilled in the art will recognize that the innovation also can be implemented in combination with other program modules and/or as a combination of hardware and software.

Generally, program modules include routines, programs, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. Moreover, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the inventive methods can be practiced with other computer system configurations, including single-processor or multiprocessor computer systems, minicomputers, mainframe computers, as well as personal computers, hand-held computing devices, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, and the like, each of which can be operatively coupled to one or more associated devices.

The illustrated inventive aspects may also be practiced in distributed computing environments where certain tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules may be located in both local and remote memory storage devices.

Computing devices typically include a variety of media, which may include computer-readable storage media or communication media, which two terms are used herein differently from one another, as described below.

Computer readable storage media can be any available storage media that can be accessed by the computer and includes both volatile and nonvolatile media, removable and non-removable media. By way of example, and not limitation, computer-readable storage media may be implemented in connection with any method or technology for storage of information such as computer-readable instructions, program modules, structured data, or unstructured data. Computer-readable storage media may include, but are not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, Digital Versatile Disks (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or other tangible and/or non-transitory media which can be used to store the desired information. The computer-readable storage media may be accessed by one or more local or remote computing devices, e.g., via access requests, queries, or other data retrieval protocols, to perform various operations on the information stored by the media.

Communication media may embody computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other structured or unstructured data in a data signal such as a modulated data signal (e.g., a carrier wave or other transport mechanism) and includes any information delivery or transmission media. The term "modulated data signal" or signal refers to a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode information in the signal or signals. By way of example, and not limitation, communication media includes wired media such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, RF, infrared and other wireless media.

With reference to fig. 10, implementing various aspects described herein with respect to end-user devices can include a computer 1000, the computer 1000 including a processing unit 1004, a system memory 1006 and a system bus 1008. The system bus 1008 couples system components including, but not limited to, the system memory 1006 to the processing unit 1004. The processing unit 1004 can be any of various commercially available processors. Dual microprocessors and other multiprocessor architectures also can be employed as the processing unit 1004.

The system bus 1008 can be any of several types of bus structure that may further interconnect to a memory bus (with or without a memory controller), a peripheral bus, and a local bus using any of a variety of commercially available bus architectures. The system memory 1006 includes Read Only Memory (ROM)1027 and Random Access Memory (RAM) 1012. A basic input/output system (BIOS) is stored in a non-volatile memory 1027 such as ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, which BIOS contains the basic routines that help to transfer information between elements within the computer 1000, such as during start-up. The RAM 1012 can also include a high-speed RAM such as static RAM for caching data.

The computer 1000 further includes an internal Hard Disk Drive (HDD)1014 (e.g., EIDE, SATA), which internal hard disk drive 1014 may also be configured for external use in a suitable chassis (not shown), a magnetic Floppy Disk Drive (FDD)1016, (e.g., to read from or write to a removable diskette 1018) and an optical disk drive 1020, (e.g., reading a CD-ROM disk 1022 or, to read from or write to other high capacity optical media such as the DVD). The hard disk drive 1014, magnetic disk drive 1016 and optical disk drive 1020 can be connected to the system bus 1008 by a hard disk drive interface 1024, a magnetic disk drive interface 1026 and an optical drive interface 1028, respectively. The interface 1024 for external drive implementations includes at least one or both of Universal Serial Bus (USB) and IEEE 1394 interface technologies. Other external drive connection technologies are also within the contemplation of the invention.

The drives and their associated computer-readable media provide nonvolatile storage of data, data structures, computer-executable instructions, and so forth. For the computer 1000, the drives and media accommodate the storage of any data in a suitable digital format. Although the description of computer-readable media above refers to a HDD, a removable magnetic diskette, and a removable optical media such as a CD or DVD, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that other types of media which are readable by the computer 1000, such as zip drives, magnetic cassettes, flash memory cards, cartridges, and the like, may also be used in the exemplary operating environment, and further, that any such media may contain computer-executable instructions for performing the methods of the disclosed invention.

A number of program modules can be stored in the drives and RAM 1012, including an operating system 1030, one or more application programs 1032, other program modules 1034 and program data 1036. All or portions of the operating system, applications, modules, and/or data can also be cached in the RAM 1012. It is to be appreciated that the present invention can be implemented with various commercially available operating systems or combinations of operating systems.

A user can enter commands and information into the computer 1000 through one or more wired/wireless input devices, e.g., a keyboard 1038 and a pointing device, such as a mouse 1040. Other input devices (not shown) may include a microphone, an IR remote control, a joystick, a game pad, a stylus pen, touch screen, or the like. These and other input devices are often connected to the processing unit 1004 through an input device interface 1042 that is coupled to the system bus 1008, but can be connected by other interfaces (e.g., a parallel port, an IEEE 1394 serial port, a game port, a USB port, an IR interface, etc.).

A monitor 1044 or other type of display device is also connected to the system bus 1008 via an interface, such as a video adapter 1046. In addition to the monitor 1044, computer 1000 typically includes other peripheral output devices (not shown), such as speakers, printers, etc.

The computer 1000 may operate in a networked environment using logical connections via wired and/or wireless communications to one or more remote computers, such as a remote computer(s) 1048. The remote computer(s) 1048 can be a workstation, a server computer, a router, a personal computer, portable computer, microprocessor-based entertainment appliance, a peer device or other common network node, and typically includes many or all of the elements described relative to the computer, although, for purposes of brevity, only a memory/storage device 1050 is illustrated. The logical connections depicted include wired/wireless connectivity to a Local Area Network (LAN)1052 and/or larger networks, e.g., a Wide Area Network (WAN) 1054. Such LAN and WAN networking environments are commonplace in offices and companies, and facilitate enterprise-wide computer networks, such as intranets, all of which may connect to a global communication network, e.g., the Internet.

When used in a LAN networking environment, the computer 1000 is connected to the local network 1052 through a wired and/or wireless communication network interface or adapter 1056. The adaptor 1056 may facilitate wired or wireless communication to the LAN 1052, which may also include a wireless access point disposed thereon for communicating with the wireless adaptor 1056.

When used in a WAN networking environment, the computer 1000 can include a modem 1058, or is connected to a communications server on the WAN 1054, or has other means for establishing communications over the WAN 1054, such as by way of the Internet. The modem 1058, which can be internal or external and a wired or wireless device, is connected to the system bus 1008 through the input device interface 1042. In a networked environment, program modules depicted relative to the computer, or portions thereof, may be stored in the remote memory/storage device 1050. It will be appreciated that the network connections shown are exemplary and other means of establishing a communications link between the computers may be used.

The computer is operable to communicate with any wireless device or entity operatively disposed in wireless communicationA communication, such as a printer, scanner, desktop and/or portable computer, portable data assistant, communications satellite, any piece of equipment or location associated with a wirelessly detectable tag (e.g., a kiosk, news stand, restroom), and telephone. This includes at least Wi-Fi and Bluetooth^TMWireless technology. Thus, the communication may be a predefined structure as with a conventional network or simply an ad hoc communication between at least two devices.

Wi-Fi, or Wireless Fidelity, allows connection to the Internet from a couch at home, a hotel room, or a conference room at work, without wires. Wi-Fi is a wireless technology similar to that used in cell phones, enabling devices such as computers to send and receive data indoors and outdoors; data is transmitted and received at any location within range of the base station. Wi-Fi networks use radio technologies called IEEE 802.11(a, b, g, etc.) to provide secure, reliable, fast wireless connectivity. A Wi-Fi network can be used to connect computers to each other, to the Internet, and to wired networks (which use IEEE 802.3 or Ethernet). For example, Wi-Fi networks operate in the unlicensed 2.4 and 5GHz radio bands at 9Mbps (802.11a) or 54Mbps (802.11b) data rates, or on products that contain both bands (dual band), so the networks can provide real-world performance similar to the basic 16BaseT wired Ethernet networks used in many offices.

Unlike previous 4G systems, some aspect of 5G is the use of NR. The NR architecture may be designed to support multiple deployment scenarios to independently configure resources for RACH procedures. Since NRs can provide additional services compared to those provided by LTE, efficiencies can be created by leveraging the advantages and disadvantages of LTE and NR to facilitate interaction between LTE and NR, as discussed herein.

Reference throughout this specification to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Thus, the appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment," "in an aspect," or "in an embodiment" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.

As used in this disclosure, the terms "component," "system," "interface," and the like are, in some embodiments, intended to refer to or comprise a computer-related entity, or an entity associated with an operating device having one or more specific functions, where the entity may be hardware, a combination of hardware and software, or software in execution and/or firmware. By way of example, a component may be, but is not limited to being, a process running on a processor, an object, an executable, a thread of execution, a computer-executable instruction, a program, and/or a computer. By way of illustration, and not limitation, both an application running on a server and the server can be a component.

One or more components can reside within a process and/or thread of execution and a component may be localized on one computer and/or distributed between two or more computers. In addition, these components can execute from various computer readable media having various data structures stored thereon. The components may communicate via local and/or remote processes such as in accordance with a signal having one or more data packets (e.g., data from one component interacting with another component in a local system, distributed system, and/or across a network such as the internet with other systems via the signal). As another example, a component may be an apparatus having a particular function provided by mechanical components operated by electrical or electronic circuitry, operated by a software application or firmware application executed by one or more processors, where a processor may be internal or external to the apparatus, and may execute at least a portion of the software or firmware application. As yet another example, a component may be an apparatus that provides a particular function through electronic components without mechanical components, which may include a processor to execute software or firmware that confers at least in part the function of the electronic components. In a certain aspect, a component may emulate an electronic component via, for example, a virtual machine within a cloud computing system. While the various components are shown as separate components, it should be appreciated that multiple components may be implemented as a single component or a single component may be implemented as multiple components without departing from example embodiments.

Additionally, the words "example" and "exemplary" are used herein to mean serving as an example or illustration. Any embodiment or design described herein as "exemplary" or "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments or designs. Rather, use of the word example or exemplary is intended to present concepts in a concrete fashion. As used in this application, the term "or" is intended to mean an inclusive "or" rather than an exclusive "or". That is, unless specified otherwise, or clear from context, "X employs a or B" is intended to mean any of the natural inclusive permutations. That is, if X employs A; x is B; or X employs both A and B, then "X employs A or B" is satisfied under any of the foregoing circumstances. In addition, as used in this application and the appended claims, the articles "a" and "an" should generally be construed to mean "one or more" unless specified otherwise or clear from context to be directed to a singular form.

Further, terms such as "mobile device equipment," "mobile station," "mobile phone," "subscriber station," "access terminal," "handheld terminal," "communication device," "mobile device" (and/or terms denoting similar terms) may refer to a wireless device used by a subscriber of a wireless communication service or a mobile device to receive or transmit data, control, voice, video, sound, gaming, or substantially any data or signaling stream. The foregoing terms are used interchangeably herein and with reference to the associated drawings. Similarly, the terms "Access Point (AP)", "Base Station (BS)", BS transceiver, BS device, cell site device, "node b (nb)", "evolved node b (enode b)", "home node b (hnb)", etc. are used interchangeably in applications to refer to the transmission and/or reception of data, control, voice, video, sound, gaming, or substantially any data or signaling stream from one or more subscriber stations. The data streams and signaling streams may be packetized or frame-based streams.

Moreover, the terms "device," "communication device," "mobile device," "subscriber," "customer entity," "consumer," "customer entity," "entity," and the like are used interchangeably throughout unless context ensures that a particular distinction between these terms. It should be appreciated that such terms may refer to human entities or automated components supported by artificial intelligence (e.g., the ability to make inferences based on complex mathematical formalisms) that can provide simulated vision, voice recognition, and the like.

The embodiments described herein may be utilized in substantially any wireless communication technology, including but not limited to wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi), global system for mobile communications (GSM), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), enhanced general packet radio service (enhanced GPRS), third generation partnership project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE), third generation partnership project 2(3GPP2) Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), High Speed Packet Access (HSPA), Z-Wave, Zigbee, and other 802.XX wireless technologies and/or legacy telecommunication technologies.

Various aspects described herein may relate to a New Radio (NR) that may be deployed as a standalone radio access technology or as a non-standalone radio access technology assisted by another radio access technology such as Long Term Evolution (LTE). It should be noted that although various aspects and embodiments are described herein in the context of a 5G, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), and/or Long Term Evolution (LTE) or other next generation network, the disclosed aspects are not limited to a 5G, UMTS implementation and/or an LTE implementation, as these techniques may also be applied to 3G, 4G, or LTE systems. For example, aspects or features of the disclosed embodiments can be employed in substantially any wireless communication technology. Such wireless communication technologies may include UMTS, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Wi-Fi, Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), enhanced GPRS, third generation partnership project (3GPP), LTE, third generation partnership project 2(3GPP2) Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), High Speed Packet Access (HSPA), evolved high speed packet access (HSPA +), High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA), High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA), Zigbee, or another IEEE802.XX technology. In addition, substantially all aspects disclosed herein may be used with conventional telecommunications technology.

As used herein, the term to "infer" or "inference" refers generally to the process of reasoning about or inferring states of the system, environment, user, and/or intent from a set of observations as captured via events and/or data. The captured data and events may include user data, device data, environmental data, data from sensors, sensor data, application data, implicit data, explicit data, and the like. Inference can be employed to identify a specific context or action, or can generate a probability distribution over states of interest based on a consideration of data and events, for example.

Inference can also refer to techniques employed for composing higher-level events from a set of events and/or data. Such inference results in the construction of new events or actions from a set of observed events and/or stored event data, whether or not the events are correlated in close temporal proximity, and whether the events and data come from one or several event and data sources. Various classification procedures and/or systems (e.g., support vector machines, neural networks, expert systems, bayesian belief networks, fuzzy logic, and data fusion engines) may be employed in connection with performing automated and/or inferred actions related to the disclosed subject matter.

Furthermore, the various embodiments may be implemented as a method, apparatus, or article of manufacture using standard programming and/or engineering techniques to produce software, firmware, hardware, or any combination thereof to control a computer to implement the disclosed subject matter. The term "article of manufacture" as used herein is intended to encompass a computer program accessible from any computer-readable device, machine-readable device, computer-readable carrier, computer-readable medium, machine-readable medium, computer-readable (or machine-readable) storage/communication medium. For example, computer-readable media may include, but are not limited to, magnetic storage devices, e.g., hard disks; a floppy disk; magnetic stripe(s); optical disks (e.g., Compact Disks (CDs), Digital Video Disks (DVDs), Blu-ray disks^TM(BD)); a smart card; flash memory devices (e.g., cards, sticks, key drives); and/or analog memory devices and/or any of the above metersA virtual appliance of a computer readable medium. Of course, those skilled in the art will recognize many modifications may be made to this configuration without departing from the scope or spirit of the various embodiments.

The above description of illustrated embodiments of the disclosure, including what is described in the abstract, is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosed embodiments to the precise forms disclosed. Although specific embodiments of, and examples for, the invention are described herein for illustrative purposes, various modifications are possible within the scope of the embodiments and examples, as those skilled in the relevant art will recognize.

In this regard, while the subject matter has been described herein in connection with various embodiments and corresponding figures, it is to be understood that other similar embodiments may be used or modifications and additions may be made to the described embodiment for performing the same, similar, alternative or alternative function of the disclosed subject matter, where applicable, without deviating therefrom. Accordingly, the disclosed subject matter should not be limited to any single embodiment described herein, but rather construed in breadth and scope in accordance with the appended claims.