阅读说明：本技术 一种饲料原料的制备方法 (Preparation method of feed raw material ) 是由 刘兴旺 黄燕华 李国立 王国霞 陈桂琼 胡俊茹 徐田田 于 2021-01-19 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于饲料原料加工处理领域,具体涉及一种快速处理黑水虻成为饲料发酵原料的生产方案。提供一种饲料原料的制备方法,包括以下步骤：步骤1：混合黑水虻、去皮豆粕、糖蜜和发酵菌剂；步骤2：将所述步骤1混合均匀的物料装入呼吸袋中,封口；步骤3：在温度稳定的环境中发酵；其中黑水虻50-60份,发酵菌剂0.2-0.4份,去皮豆粕40-50份,糖蜜2-3份。发酵菌剂含有如下组分：无水葡萄糖、乳酸菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、酿酒酵母以及中性蛋白酶。发酵菌剂各组分重量百分比为：无水葡萄糖45-75％；乳酸菌15-30％；枯草芽孢杆菌6-25％；酿酒酵母2-20％；中性蛋白酶0.5-3％。(The invention belongs to the field of feed raw material processing, and particularly relates to a production scheme for quickly processing hermetia illucens into a feed fermentation raw material. The preparation method of the feed raw material comprises the following steps: step 1: mixing Hermetia illucens, peeled soybean meal, molasses and a fermentation microbial inoculum; step 2: putting the uniformly mixed materials in the step 1 into a breathing bag, and sealing the breathing bag; and step 3: fermenting in a temperature-stable environment; wherein, the black soldier fly is 50 to 60 parts, the zymocyte agent is 0.2 to 0.4 part, the peeled soybean meal is 40 to 50 parts, and the molasses is 2 to 3 parts. The fermentation inoculum contains the following components: anhydrous glucose, lactic acid bacteria, bacillus subtilis, saccharomyces cerevisiae and neutral protease. The fermentation inoculum comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 45-75% of anhydrous glucose; 15-30% of lactic acid bacteria; 6-25% of bacillus subtilis; 2-20% of saccharomyces cerevisiae; 0.5-3% of neutral protease.)

1. A preparation method of feed raw materials is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

step 1: mixing Hermetia illucens, peeled soybean meal, molasses and a fermentation microbial inoculum;

step 2: putting the uniformly mixed materials in the step 1 into a breathing bag, and sealing the breathing bag;

and step 3: fermenting in a temperature-stable environment;

wherein, the black soldier fly is 50 to 60 parts, the zymogen agent is 0.2 to 0.4 part, the peeled soybean meal is 40 to 50 parts and the molasses is 2 to 3 parts;

the fermentation inoculum contains the following components: anhydrous glucose, lactic acid bacteria, bacillus subtilis, saccharomyces cerevisiae and neutral protease.

2. The method for preparing a feedstuff according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fermentation inoculum comprises the following components in percentage by weight:

45-75% of anhydrous glucose;

15-30% of lactic acid bacteria;

6-25% of bacillus subtilis;

2-20% of saccharomyces cerevisiae;

0.5-3% of neutral protease.

3. The method for preparing a feedstuff according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the fermentation temperature is 30-35 ℃.

4. The method for preparing a feedstuff according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the fermentation time is 7-10 days.

5. A feed, characterized in that: the feed comprises the raw material of the feed prepared by the preparation method of claims 1-6, and the content is 6-10 wt%.

The technical field is as follows:

the invention belongs to the field of feed raw material processing, and particularly relates to a production scheme for quickly processing hermetia illucens into a feed fermentation raw material.

Background art:

the black soldier fly, a famous soldier fly with a scab and a homalomena, is an insect native to the americas. Through research, the hermetia illucens can be used for treating kitchen and livestock breeding garbage, and the obtained hermetia illucens can be used as a feed raw material. The test shows that the black soldier fly larva dry worm contains 40% of crude protein and 30-40% of fat, has high amino acid content, is similar to fish meal, and has the essential amino acid accounting for more than 50% of the total amino acid. In addition, the hermetia illucens contains rich natural antibacterial peptides, lauric acid, protease, P450 detoxification enzyme, hydrolase and other antibacterial substances, and the feeding of the hermetia illucens to animals can promote ingestion, immunize and resist inflammation, inhibit the breeding of harmful microorganisms, reduce diseases and the like. Therefore, the hermetia illucens can become an important functional feed raw material for attracting food, resisting bacteria and promoting growth.

At present, the black soldier flies are mainly treated by a drying method after being bred, so that the moisture in the flies is removed, and the storage period is prolonged. However, after the black soldier fly is bred into larvae, if the black soldier fly is processed into dry insects, on one hand, a large amount of energy is consumed, and on the other hand, chemical substances which are natural in the body of the black soldier fly are inactivated due to high temperature. Therefore, the industry needs a processing method for hermetia illucens, which can guarantee the natural active ingredients of the hermetia illucens larvae and can be stored for a long time.

The invention content is as follows:

the invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a production method for processing hermetia illucens into a fermentation raw material by using modern biotechnology.

The invention is implemented by the following technical scheme:

a preparation method of a feed raw material comprises the following steps:

step 1: mixing Hermetia illucens, peeled soybean meal, molasses and a fermentation microbial inoculum;

step 2: putting the uniformly mixed materials in the step 1 into a breathing bag, and sealing the breathing bag;

and step 3: fermenting in a temperature-stable environment;

wherein, the black soldier fly is 50 to 60 parts, the zymogen agent is 0.2 to 0.4 part, the peeled soybean meal is 40 to 50 parts, and the molasses is 2 to 3 parts;

the fermentation inoculum contains the following components: anhydrous glucose, lactic acid bacteria, bacillus subtilis, saccharomyces cerevisiae and neutral protease.

As a further improvement to the scheme, the fermentation inoculum comprises the following components in percentage by weight:

45-75% of anhydrous glucose;

15-30% of lactic acid bacteria;

6-25% of bacillus subtilis;

2-20% of saccharomyces cerevisiae;

0.5-3% of neutral protease.

As a further improvement to the above scheme, the fermentation temperature is 30-35 ℃.

As a further improvement to the above scheme, the fermentation time is 7-10 days.

Also provides a feed scheme: the feed contains the feed raw materials prepared by the preparation method of the invention, and the content is 6-10 wt%.

The invention has the technical effects and advantages that:

1. the method provides a simple scheme for processing the hermetia illucens, the hermetia illucens and the soybean meal are compounded, molasses is added to serve as a fermentation aid, and a fermentation fungus bag is added for fermentation, so that drying processing is avoided, and energy waste is reduced;

2. the whole processing process does not need high temperature, bioactive components such as the cryptoglycan, the antibacterial peptide and the like in the hermetia illucens body are reserved, and therefore the nutritive value of the bred animals is higher;

3. through fermentation, the anti-nutritional factors such as non-starch polysaccharide and the like in the peeled soybean meal are greatly reduced, meanwhile, the content of acid soluble protein is improved, the content of lactic acid is improved, and the nutritional value of the raw material is further improved.

4. The whole treatment process is simple and convenient to operate, needs less equipment and labor, is low in cost and is convenient for large-scale production and application.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

50kg of hermetia illucens, 50kg of peeled soybean meal, 2kg of molasses and 0.2kg of fermentation bacteria agent are put into a V-shaped mixer and then mixed uniformly.

The specific formula of the fermentation inoculum comprises: anhydrous glucose, 45%; 30% of lactic acid bacteria; bacillus subtilis, 19%; 5% of saccharomyces cerevisiae; 1% of neutral protease.

And (3) filling the uniformly mixed materials into a 20kg breathing bag, and sealing by using a sealing machine. And (3) fermenting the sealed materials in a fermentation room at 35 ℃, and taking out the materials from the fermentation room after 7 days to obtain the hermetia illucens fermentation raw material product.

Through detection, the pH value of the batch of fermented hermetia illucens raw material is 4.77; the number of detected colonies of the bacillus subtilis reaches 2 x 10⁶The lactobacillus content reaches 4 x 10 per gram⁸Per gram. Escherichia coli is not detected in the fermentation raw materials, which indicates that the fermentation raw materials have a bacteriostatic action after successful fermentation. The conventional indexes are as follows:

moisture content	Crude fat	Crude protein	Acid soluble protein	Protein solubility%
					43.81	3.22	29.57	8.31	45.41

Example 2

A simple processing scheme of hermetia illucens is characterized in that 600kg of hermetia illucens fresh insects, 550kg of peeled soybean meal, 30kg of molasses and 4kg of zymogen are put into a trough type mixer and mixed uniformly.

The specific formula of the fermentation inoculum comprises: anhydrous glucose, 45%; 15% of lactic acid bacteria; bacillus subtilis, 25%; 12% of saccharomyces cerevisiae; neutral protease, 3%.

The uniformly mixed materials are put into a 100kg breathing bag and sealed by a sealing machine. And putting the sealed materials into a fermentation room at 30 ℃ for fermentation. And taking out the product in a fermentation room after 10 days to obtain the black soldier fly fermented paste product. Through detection, the indexes of the batch of fermented insect paste products are as follows:

moisture content	Crude fat	Crude protein	Acid soluble protein	Protein solubility%
					41.11	2.98	31.53	8.56	47.32

Comparative example 1

50kg of hermetia illucens, 50kg of peeled soybean meal, 2kg of molasses and 0.2kg of fermentation bacteria agent are put into a V-shaped mixer and then mixed uniformly.

The specific formula of the fermentation inoculum comprises: anhydrous glucose, 45%; 49% of bacillus subtilis; 5% of saccharomyces cerevisiae; 1% of neutral protease.

And (3) filling the uniformly mixed materials into a 20kg breathing bag, and sealing by using a sealing machine. And (3) fermenting the sealed materials in a fermentation room at 35 ℃, and taking out the materials from the fermentation room after 7 days to obtain the hermetia illucens fermentation raw material product.

Through detection, the pH value of the batch of fermented hermetia illucens raw material is 6.82; the number of detected colonies of the bacillus subtilis reaches 5 × 106/g, and the detection general indexes are as follows:

moisture content	Crude fat	Crude protein	Acid soluble protein	Protein solubility%
					42.52	2.32	20.51	5.26	38.64

The results of the detection indexes of example 1 and comparative example 1 show that: according to the method provided by the invention, the fermented hermetia illucens raw material product obtained by production has higher nutritive value compared with the raw material product obtained by production by using the lactobacillus-free fermentation inoculant.

Comparative example 2

50kg of hermetia illucens, 50kg of peeled soybean meal, 2kg of molasses and 0.2kg of fermentation bacteria agent are put into a V-shaped mixer and then mixed uniformly.

The specific formula of the fermentation inoculum comprises: anhydrous glucose, 45%; 50% of bacillus subtilis; 5% of saccharomyces cerevisiae.

And (3) filling the uniformly mixed materials into a 20kg breathing bag, and sealing by using a sealing machine. And (3) fermenting the sealed materials in a fermentation room at 35 ℃, and taking out the materials from the fermentation room after 7 days to obtain the hermetia illucens fermentation raw material product.

Through detection, the pH value of the batch of fermented hermetia illucens raw material is 6.78; the number of detected colonies of the bacillus subtilis reaches 5 × 106/g, and the detection general indexes are as follows:

moisture content	Crude fat	Crude protein	Acid soluble protein	Protein solubility%
					42.78	2.35	15.61	4..24	35.56

The results of the detection indexes of comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 show that: the nutritive value of the raw material product produced by the fermentation inoculum without neutral protease is relatively low.

The results of the detection indexes of example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 show that: the fermented hermetia illucens raw material product produced by the method provided by the invention has higher nutritive value, and the addition of lactic acid bacteria and neutral protease in the zymophyte agent has positive effect on the nutritive indexes of the raw material product.

Example 3

Experimental groups feeding growth experiments were performed on hybrid raw fish using the fermented hermetia illucens paste described in example 1. The test group used 6% of the fermented insect cream described in example 1 in place of 3% of cuttlefish cream and 3% of soybean meal in equal amounts, the control group 1 was not substituted, and the control group 2 used 6% of the fermented insect cream described in comparative example 2 in place of 3% of cuttlefish cream and 3% of soybean meal in equal amounts, as 3 treatments. Before grouping the test, the fry is kept temporarily (2 meals, 8:30, 16:30) in a net cage (2 x 3m) until stable. The test grouping selects the raw fish fry with the initial average weight of about 83g, 30 fish fries are put in each grid box, the fish fry are randomly grouped, the fish fry are regularly and quantitatively fed for 2 times a day (8:30, 16:30), the daily bait feeding amount is adjusted according to the actual ingestion condition, (if the fish fry have leftovers, the fish fry are fished out after 2 hours of feeding, and the fish fry are dried and weighed in the later period of concentration). The physical and chemical factors of the water environment are regularly detected every week during the breeding period: pH value, ammonia nitrogen, salinity and water temperature (collected every day). The temperature is 18-35.5 ℃, the pH value is 8.0-8.5, the ammonia nitrogen is less than or equal to 0.1mg/L, the nitrite is less than or equal to 0.005mg/L, and the illumination time is the natural illumination time. And (4) fishing out the dead fish in time and weighing when the dead fish dies in the feeding period, and recording various index data. The breeding trial lasted 10 weeks. After the experiment is finished, the effect of the two feeds for breeding the raw fish is compared as follows:

group of	Control group 1	Control group 2	Test group
				Initial average weight (g)	83.32	83.18	83.22
Average weight of powder (g)	177.53	198.65	213.25
				Weight gain (%)	113.07	138.82	156.25
Specific growth rate (%)	1.08	1.24	1.34
				Bait coefficient (%)	3.26	2.65	2.34

The test result shows that: the growth performance of the raw fish after the fermented insect paste is added to replace the cuttlefish paste and the soybean meal is obviously superior to that of the cuttlefish paste group.

Example 4

Feeding growth tests were performed on litopenaeus vannamei using the fermented black soldier fly cream described in example 2. The test group used 10% fermented insect cream in the feed instead of 5% cuttlefish cream and 5% soybean meal, the control group 1 did not use it, and the control group 2 used 10% fermented insect cream described in comparative example 2 instead of 5% cuttlefish cream and 5% soybean meal, as 3 treatments. Each group of test feed is repeated for 3 times, 0.76 plus or minus 0.01g of litopenaeus vannamei is randomly selected for testing, and 30 litopenaeus vannamei are stocked in each glass fiber box (300L). Feeding is carried out three times (6: 00, 13: 00 and 18: 00) quantitatively every day, the feeding amount is properly adjusted according to the growth condition of the litopenaeus vannamei, and the feeding test lasts for 50 days. After the feeding test was completed, the test litopenaeus vannamei was fasted for 24 hours and then sampled. The weight was taken in barrels and the total number of litopenaeus vannamei was recorded. Randomly draw 10 shrimps from the culture barrel, draw shrimp blood with a 1ml sterile syringe between the cephalothorax and abdomen, place the blood into a 2ml centrifuge tube, and place in a 4 ℃ freezer overnight. Centrifuging at 8000r/min for 10min the next day, and collecting serum. The activities of alkaline phosphatase (AKP), acid phosphatase (ACP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and Catalase (CAT) in serum were measured for prawns, and the test results were as follows:

indicator	Control group 1	Control group 2	Test group
				Initial average weight IW/g)	0.76	0.76	0.76
Average final weight FW (g)	11.73	11.85	12.28
				Weight gain WGR (%)	1443.28	1459.21	1535.08
Feeding rate (%)	14.59	14.65	14.72
				Specific growth Rate SGR (%)	5.47	5.49	5.58
Protein efficiency (%)	1.55	1.59	1.68
				Survival Rate SR (%)	98.89	97.78	100
Feed factor FCR	1.34	1.31	1.26

The test result shows that: after the fermented insect paste prepared by the method is added to replace cuttlefish paste and soybean meal, statistically, the feeding, growth, feed efficiency and the like of the litopenaeus vannamei have no obvious difference, but the fermented insect paste can be seen to have the tendency of promoting the growth of the litopenaeus vannamei through index analysis.

Indicator	Control group 1	Control group 2	Test ofGroup of
				Alkaline phosphatase AKP (U/ml)	32.12	32.23	32.37
Acid phosphatase ACP (U/ml)	50.64	50.37	49.32
				Catalase CAT (U/ml)	11.79	12.08	12.32
Total antioxidant capacity T-AOC (U/ml)	121.69	125.46	134.22
				Superoxide dismutase SOD (U/ml)	34.14	40.85	52.24

According to the results, the fermented insect paste prepared by the method provided by the invention is added to replace cuttlefish paste and soybean meal, so that the fermented insect paste has no influence on alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and catalase in the blood serum of the litopenaeus vannamei, but the total antioxidant capacity of the blood serum of the litopenaeus vannamei is obviously improved, and the activity of the superoxide dismutase in the blood serum is improved.

In summary, the following steps: according to the simple treatment method for the hermetia illucens fresh insects, provided by the invention, the hermetia illucens and the peeled soybean meal are mixed and fermented, so that rich nutrients can be provided for aquaculture animals such as raw fishes and prawns, the rapid growth of the fishes is facilitated, and the immunity of the prawns is improved. Therefore, the fresh hermetia illucens becomes an effective functional feed raw material after mixing, packaging and fermentation. The raw material can replace cuttlefish paste in the feed, reduce the utilization of marine resources, and reduce the risk of excessive cadmium in the feed.