阅读说明：本技术 一种局部发热的热熔牙胶发热笔用发热针 (Hot melt gutta-percha of local heating needle that generates heat for pen ) 是由 陈泽荣 吴坤优 梁炬祥 葛学军 覃荣情 于 2021-01-18 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种局部发热的热熔牙胶发热笔用发热针,工作原理为所述正极管通电,所述正极管尾部与所述导电丝连接,通过所述导电丝导电至所述发热针头,再导电至所述导电弯管,最后传导到所述负极管形成回路,能实现发热针在工作区域的局部发热。针头部分为发热区域,弯管为非工作区域,使针头部分的电阻值大于弯管部分的电阻值,根据发热量的公式,在相同的电流和加热时间内,电阻值越大,发热量越大,温度越高；并且利用所述正极管中的所述第一金属层和所述导电弯管中的所述第二金属层中导电率大的金属材质,可以实现发热量大部分集中于所述发热针头部分,进而提高了软化或切断等操作,提高安全性。(The invention discloses a heating needle for a hot-melt tooth-glue heating pen capable of locally heating, which has the working principle that a positive electrode tube is electrified, the tail part of the positive electrode tube is connected with a conductive wire, the conductive wire conducts electricity to a heating needle head, then conducts electricity to a conductive bent tube, and finally conducts electricity to a negative electrode tube to form a loop, so that the local heating of the heating needle in a working area can be realized. The needle head part is a heating area, the elbow is a non-working area, so that the resistance value of the needle head part is larger than that of the elbow part, and according to a formula of heat productivity, the larger the resistance value is, the larger the heat productivity is, and the higher the temperature is in the same current and heating time; and the metal material with high conductivity in the first metal layer in the positive pole tube and the second metal layer in the conductive bent tube can realize that most of heat productivity is concentrated on the heating needle part, so that the operations such as softening or cutting off are improved, and the safety is improved.)

1. A heating needle for a hot-melt tooth paste heating pen capable of locally heating, which is characterized in that,

the heating needle for the locally-heating hot-melt tooth glue heating pen comprises an anode tube, an insulating sleeve, a cathode tube, a conductive bent tube, a heating needle head and a conductive wire, wherein the insulating sleeve is detachably connected with the anode tube and is positioned on one side of the anode tube, the cathode tube is detachably connected with the insulating sleeve and is positioned far away from one side of the anode tube, the conductive bent tube is detachably connected with the cathode tube and is positioned far away from one side of the insulating sleeve, the heating needle head is detachably connected with the conductive bent tube and is positioned far away from one side of the cathode tube, the conductive wire is detachably connected with the anode tube, the conductive bent tube and the heating needle head and is positioned in the anode tube, the anode tube is provided with a first metal layer, the first metal layer is positioned in the anode tube, the conductive bent tube is provided with a second metal layer, the second metal layer is located in the conductive bend.

2. The heating pin for the local heating hot-melt gutta-percha heating pen as in claim 1,

the heating needle for the locally-heating hot-melt gutta-percha heating pen further comprises a plurality of coatings, and the coatings are fixedly connected with the anode tube and the conductive bent tube respectively and are located on the periphery of the anode tube and the conductive bent tube respectively.

3. The heating pin for the local heating hot-melt gutta-percha heating pen as in claim 1,

the heating needle for the locally-heating hot-melt gutta-percha heating pen further comprises a first blocking sleeve, wherein the first blocking sleeve is detachably connected with the conductive bent pipe and is positioned around the conductive bent pipe.

4. The heating pin for the local heating hot-melt gutta-percha heating pen as in claim 1,

the heating needle for the locally-heating hot-melt gutta-percha heating pen further comprises a second blocking sleeve, and the second blocking sleeve is detachably connected with the anode tube and is located around the anode tube.

5. The heating pin for the local heating hot-melt gutta-percha heating pen as in claim 1,

the heating needle for the locally-heating hot-melt gutta-percha heating pen further comprises a heat insulation rubber sleeve, and the heat insulation rubber sleeve is detachably connected with the conductive bent pipe and located around the conductive bent pipe.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of hot-melt gutta-percha filling systems, in particular to a heating needle for a hot-melt gutta-percha heating pen capable of locally heating.

Background

Gutta percha filling systems are used in dental endodontic procedures to fill root canals that have been enlarged using other equipment. Root canal filling is usually accomplished by heating to soften the gutta-percha point, injecting a filling material, and the like. The device for heating and softening the gutta-percha point in the gutta-percha filling system is called as a heating pen, a heating element of the device is called as a heating needle, and the working principle of the device is that a loop is formed by electrifying between a positive pole and a negative pole, so that the working part of the heating needle is heated to the expected temperature to soften the gutta-percha point. The existing structure and the existing technology can lead the whole heating of the heating needle to cause the over-scalding of non-working parts, easily scald the oral cavity and operators of patients in the using process and have potential safety hazards.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a heating needle for a hot-melt tooth paste heating pen capable of locally heating, and safety is improved.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a heating needle for a hot-melt gutta-percha heating pen with local heating, the heating needle for the hot-melt gutta-percha heating pen with local heating comprises a positive electrode tube, an insulating sleeve, a negative electrode tube, a conductive bent tube, a heating needle head and a conductive wire, wherein the insulating sleeve is detachably connected with the positive electrode tube and is positioned at one side of the positive electrode tube, the negative electrode tube is detachably connected with the insulating sleeve and is positioned at one side far away from the positive electrode tube, the conductive bent tube is detachably connected with the negative electrode tube and is positioned at one side far away from the insulating sleeve, the heating needle head is detachably connected with the conductive bent tube and is positioned at one side far away from the negative electrode tube, the conductive wire is detachably connected with the positive electrode tube, the conductive bent tube and the heating needle head and is positioned in the positive electrode tube, the conductive bent tube and the heating needle head, the positive electrode, the first metal layer is located in the anode tube, and the conductive bend has a second metal layer located in the conductive bend.

The heating needle for the locally-heating hot-melt gutta-percha heating pen further comprises a plurality of coatings, and the coatings are fixedly connected with the anode tube and the conductive bent tube respectively and are located on the periphery of the anode tube and the conductive bent tube respectively.

The heating needle for the locally-heating hot-melt gutta-percha heating pen further comprises a first blocking sleeve, and the first blocking sleeve is detachably connected with the conductive bent pipe and located around the conductive bent pipe.

The heating needle for the locally-heating hot-melt gutta-percha heating pen further comprises a second blocking sleeve, and the second blocking sleeve is detachably connected with the positive tube and is located around the positive tube.

The insulating sleeve comprises a first boss and a second boss, the first boss is detachably connected with the anode tube and the cathode tube and is located between the anode tube and the cathode tube, the second boss is detachably connected with the cathode tube and is fixedly connected with the first boss and is located between the first boss and the cathode tube.

The heating needle for the hot-melt tooth paste heating pen capable of locally heating comprises a positive electrode tube, an insulating sleeve, a negative electrode tube, a conductive bent tube, a heating needle head and a conductive wire. The needle head part is a heating area, the elbow is a non-working area, so that the resistance value of the needle head part is larger than that of the elbow part, and according to a formula of heat productivity, the larger the resistance value is, the larger the heat productivity is, and the higher the temperature is in the same current and heating time; and the metal material with high conductivity in the first metal layer in the positive pole tube and the second metal layer in the conductive bent tube can realize that most of heat productivity is concentrated on the heating needle part, so that the operations such as softening or cutting off are improved, and the safety is improved.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a heating needle for a hot-melt gutta-percha heating pen capable of locally heating according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a first spacer provided by the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a second spacer according to the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the heat-insulating rubber sleeve provided by the invention.

1-anode tube, 2-insulating sleeve, 3-cathode tube, 4-conductive bent tube, 5-heating needle, 6-conductive wire, 7-coating, 8-first blocking sleeve, 9-second blocking sleeve, 10-heat-insulating rubber sleeve, 11-first metal layer and 41-second metal layer.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships illustrated in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Further, in the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.

Referring to fig. 1, a first embodiment of the present invention provides a heating needle for a locally-heating hot-melt gutta-percha heating pen, which includes an anode tube 1, an insulating sleeve 2, a cathode tube 3, a conductive bent tube 4, a heating needle head 5 and a conductive wire 6, wherein the insulating sleeve 2 is detachably connected to the anode tube 1 and is located at one side of the anode tube 1, the cathode tube 3 is detachably connected to the insulating sleeve 2 and is located at one side far from the anode tube 1, the conductive bent tube 4 is detachably connected to the cathode tube 3 and is located at one side far from the insulating sleeve 2, the heating needle head 5 is detachably connected to the conductive bent tube 4 and is located at one side far from the cathode tube 3, the conductive wire 6 is detachably connected to the anode tube 1, the conductive bent tube 4 and the heating needle head 5 and is located at one side far from the cathode tube 1, the conductive bent tube 4 and the heating needle head 5, In the conductive elbow 4 and the heating needle 5, the anode tube 1 has a first metal layer 11, the first metal layer 11 is located in the anode tube 1, the conductive elbow 4 has a second metal layer 41, and the second metal layer 41 is located in the conductive elbow 4;

the heating needle for the locally-heating hot-melt gutta-percha heating pen further comprises a plurality of coatings 7, wherein the coatings 7 are fixedly connected with the anode tube 1 and the conductive bent tube 4 respectively and are located around the anode tube 1 and the conductive bent tube 4 respectively.

In this embodiment, the insulating sleeve 2 is made of insulating plastic, the cathode tube 3 and the heating tip 5 are made of stainless steel, and the first metal layer 11 and the second metal layer 41 are made of copper or silver having high electrical conductivity; the conductive wire 6 is made of a conductive copper wire or a conductive silver wire; the anode tube 1 is connected with the insulating sleeve 2 in a guiding fit manner by a boss; the cathode tube 3 is connected with the insulating sleeve 2 in a guiding fit manner by using a boss; the conductive bent pipe 4 is inserted into the cathode pipe 3; the heating needle head is connected with the conductive bent pipe 4. The connecting method comprises glue bonding, threaded connection, interference fit, buckle connection and the like. The positive pole tube 1, the negative pole tube 3 the conductive bend 4 the heating needle head 5 is hollow structure, the conductive wire 6 is followed the positive pole tube 1 wears to the heating needle head 5, through the insulating cover 2 realizes insulating with exterior structure.

The operating principle does positive polar tube 1 circular telegram, positive polar tube 1 afterbody with conductive filament 6 is connected, through conductive filament 6 electrically conducts extremely heating needle head 5, electrically conducts extremely again conductive return bend 4 conducts at last negative pole pipe 3 forms the return circuit, can realize the local of heating needle at work area and generate heat. The needle head part is a heating area, the elbow is a non-working area, so that the resistance value of the needle head part is larger than that of the elbow part, and according to a formula of heat productivity, the larger the resistance value is, the larger the heat productivity is, and the higher the temperature is in the same current and heating time; moreover, the metal material with high conductivity in the first metal layer 11 in the positive electrode tube 1 and the second metal layer 41 in the conductive bent tube 4 can realize that most of the heat generation is concentrated on the heating needle head 5, thereby improving the operations such as softening or cutting off; and the plurality of plating layers 7 are made of silver or other anti-corrosion metals, and the bent pipe part in the non-working area is plated with silver or other anti-corrosion metals to prevent the bent pipe from being corroded, so that the working efficiency is improved, the safety is improved, and the service life of the heating needle is prolonged.

The second embodiment of the invention provides a heating needle for a hot-melt gutta-percha heating pen capable of locally heating, which comprises an anode tube 1, an insulating sleeve 2, a cathode tube 3, a conductive bent tube 4, a heating needle head 5 and a conductive wire 6, wherein the insulating sleeve 2 is detachably connected with the anode tube 1 and is positioned at one side of the anode tube 1, the cathode tube 3 is detachably connected with the insulating sleeve 2 and is positioned at one side far away from the anode tube 1, the conductive bent tube 4 is detachably connected with the cathode tube 3 and is positioned at one side far away from the insulating sleeve 2, the heating needle head 5 is detachably connected with the conductive bent tube 4 and is positioned at one side far away from the cathode tube 3, the conductive wire 6 is detachably connected with the anode tube 1, the conductive bent tube 4 and the heating needle head 5 and is positioned at one side far away from the anode tube 1, In the conductive elbow 4 and the heating needle 5, the anode tube 1 has a first metal layer 11, the first metal layer 11 is located in the anode tube 1, the conductive elbow 4 has a second metal layer 41, and the second metal layer 41 is located in the conductive elbow 4;

the heating needle for the hot-melt gutta-percha heating pen capable of locally heating further comprises a first blocking sleeve 8, wherein the first blocking sleeve 8 is detachably connected with the conductive bent pipe 4 and is positioned around the conductive bent pipe 4.

In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the insulating sheath 2 is made of insulating plastic, the negative electrode tube 3 and the heating tip 5 are made of stainless steel, and the first metal layer 11 and the second metal layer 41 are made of copper or silver having high electrical conductivity; the conductive wire 6 is made of a conductive copper wire or a conductive silver wire; the anode tube 1 is connected with the insulating sleeve 2 in a guiding fit manner by a boss; the cathode tube 3 is connected with the insulating sleeve 2 in a guiding fit manner by using a boss; the conductive bent pipe 4 is inserted into the cathode pipe 3; the heating needle head is connected with the conductive bent pipe 4. The connecting method comprises glue bonding, threaded connection, interference fit, buckle connection and the like. The positive pole tube 1, the negative pole tube 3 the conductive bend 4 the heating needle head 5 is hollow structure, the conductive wire 6 is followed the positive pole tube 1 wears to the heating needle head 5, through the insulating cover 2 realizes insulating with exterior structure.

The operating principle does positive polar tube 1 circular telegram, positive polar tube 1 afterbody with conductive filament 6 is connected, through conductive filament 6 electrically conducts extremely heating needle head 5, electrically conducts extremely again conductive return bend 4 conducts at last negative pole pipe 3 forms the return circuit, can realize the local of heating needle at work area and generate heat. The needle head part is a heating area, the elbow is a non-working area, so that the resistance value of the needle head part is larger than that of the elbow part, and according to a formula of heat productivity, the larger the resistance value is, the larger the heat productivity is, and the higher the temperature is in the same current and heating time; moreover, the metal materials with high conductivity in the first metal layer 11 in the positive electrode tube 1 and the second metal layer 41 in the conductive bent tube 4 can realize that most of the heat generation is concentrated on the heating needle head 5, so that the operations such as softening or cutting off are improved, and the working efficiency is improved; the first baffle sleeve 8 is used for limiting the electroplating area of the coating 7, even if the resistance value of the non-working area is different from that of the working area, thereby realizing the local heating of the heating pin and improving the safety.

The third embodiment of the invention provides a heating needle for a hot-melt gutta-percha heating pen capable of locally heating, which comprises an anode tube 1, an insulating sleeve 2, a cathode tube 3, a conductive bent tube 4, a heating needle head 5 and a conductive wire 6, wherein the insulating sleeve 2 is detachably connected with the anode tube 1 and is positioned at one side of the anode tube 1, the cathode tube 3 is detachably connected with the insulating sleeve 2 and is positioned at one side far away from the anode tube 1, the conductive bent tube 4 is detachably connected with the cathode tube 3 and is positioned at one side far away from the insulating sleeve 2, the heating needle head 5 is detachably connected with the conductive bent tube 4 and is positioned at one side far away from the cathode tube 3, the conductive wire 6 is detachably connected with the anode tube 1, the conductive bent tube 4 and the heating needle head 5 and is positioned at one side far away from the anode tube 1, In the conductive elbow 4 and the heating needle 5, the anode tube 1 has a first metal layer 11, the first metal layer 11 is located in the anode tube 1, the conductive elbow 4 has a second metal layer 41, and the second metal layer 41 is located in the conductive elbow 4;

the heating needle for the locally-heating hot-melt gutta-percha heating pen further comprises a second retaining sleeve 9, wherein the second retaining sleeve 9 is detachably connected with the anode tube 1 and is positioned around the anode tube 1.

In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the insulating sheath 2 is made of insulating plastic, the negative electrode tube 3 and the heating tip 5 are made of stainless steel, and the first metal layer 11 and the second metal layer 41 are made of copper or silver having high electrical conductivity; the conductive wire 6 is made of a conductive copper wire or a conductive silver wire; the anode tube 1 is connected with the insulating sleeve 2 in a guiding fit manner by a boss; the cathode tube 3 is connected with the insulating sleeve 2 in a guiding fit manner by using a boss; the conductive bent pipe 4 is inserted into the cathode pipe 3; the heating needle head is connected with the conductive bent pipe 4. The connecting method comprises glue bonding, threaded connection, interference fit, buckle connection and the like. The positive pole tube 1, the negative pole tube 3 the conductive bend 4 the heating needle head 5 is hollow structure, the conductive wire 6 is followed the positive pole tube 1 wears to the heating needle head 5, through the insulating cover 2 realizes insulating with exterior structure.

The operating principle does positive polar tube 1 circular telegram, positive polar tube 1 afterbody with conductive filament 6 is connected, through conductive filament 6 electrically conducts extremely heating needle head 5, electrically conducts extremely again conductive return bend 4 conducts at last negative pole pipe 3 forms the return circuit, can realize the local of heating needle at work area and generate heat. The needle head part is a heating area, the elbow is a non-working area, so that the resistance value of the needle head part is larger than that of the elbow part, and according to a formula of heat productivity, the larger the resistance value is, the larger the heat productivity is, and the higher the temperature is in the same current and heating time; moreover, the metal materials with high conductivity in the first metal layer 11 in the positive electrode tube 1 and the second metal layer 41 in the conductive bent tube 4 can realize that most of the heat generation is concentrated on the heating needle head 5, so that the operations such as softening or cutting off are improved, and the working efficiency is improved; the area electroplated by the coating 7 is limited by using the second baffle sleeve 9, even if the resistance value of the non-working area is different from that of the working area, thereby realizing the local heating of the heating pin and improving the safety.

The fourth embodiment of the invention provides a heating needle for a hot-melt gutta-percha heating pen capable of locally heating, which comprises an anode tube 1, an insulating sleeve 2, a cathode tube 3, a conductive bent tube 4, a heating needle head 5 and a conductive wire 6, wherein the insulating sleeve 2 is detachably connected with the anode tube 1 and is positioned at one side of the anode tube 1, the cathode tube 3 is detachably connected with the insulating sleeve 2 and is positioned at one side far away from the anode tube 1, the conductive bent tube 4 is detachably connected with the cathode tube 3 and is positioned at one side far away from the insulating sleeve 2, the heating needle head 5 is detachably connected with the conductive bent tube 4 and is positioned at one side far away from the cathode tube 3, the conductive wire 6 is detachably connected with the anode tube 1, the conductive bent tube 4 and the heating needle head 5 and is positioned at one side far away from the anode tube 1, In the conductive elbow 4 and the heating needle 5, the anode tube 1 has a first metal layer 11, the first metal layer 11 is located in the anode tube 1, the conductive elbow 4 has a second metal layer 41, and the second metal layer 41 is located in the conductive elbow 4;

the heating needle for the hot-melt gutta-percha heating pen capable of locally heating further comprises a heat insulation rubber sleeve 10, wherein the heat insulation rubber sleeve 10 is detachably connected with the conductive bent pipe 4 and is located around the conductive bent pipe 4.

In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the insulating sheath 2 is made of insulating plastic, the negative electrode tube 3 and the heating tip 5 are made of stainless steel, and the first metal layer 11 and the second metal layer 41 are made of copper or silver having high electrical conductivity; the conductive wire 6 is made of a conductive copper wire or a conductive silver wire; the anode tube 1 is connected with the insulating sleeve 2 in a guiding fit manner by a boss; the cathode tube 3 is connected with the insulating sleeve 2 in a guiding fit manner by using a boss; the conductive bent pipe 4 is inserted into the cathode pipe 3; the heating needle head is connected with the conductive bent pipe 4. The connecting method comprises glue bonding, threaded connection, interference fit, buckle connection and the like. The positive pole tube 1, the negative pole tube 3 the conductive bend 4 the heating needle head 5 is hollow structure, the conductive wire 6 is followed the positive pole tube 1 wears to the heating needle head 5, through the insulating cover 2 realizes insulating with exterior structure.

The operating principle does positive polar tube 1 circular telegram, positive polar tube 1 afterbody with conductive filament 6 is connected, through conductive filament 6 electrically conducts extremely heating needle head 5, electrically conducts extremely again conductive return bend 4 conducts at last negative pole pipe 3 forms the return circuit, can realize the local of heating needle at work area and generate heat. The needle head part is a heating area, the elbow is a non-working area, so that the resistance value of the needle head part is larger than that of the elbow part, and according to a formula of heat productivity, the larger the resistance value is, the larger the heat productivity is, and the higher the temperature is in the same current and heating time; moreover, the metal materials with high conductivity in the first metal layer 11 in the positive electrode tube 1 and the second metal layer 41 in the conductive bent tube 4 can realize that most of the heat productivity is concentrated on the heating needle head 5, so that the operations such as softening or cutting off are improved, and the working efficiency and the safety are improved; in order to prevent complete hidden danger caused by excessive heating of the non-working area, the heat-insulating rubber sleeve 10 can be sleeved on the part of the conductive bent pipe 4 of the non-working area, so that local heating is realized, and the safety is improved.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the anode tube 1 and the cathode tube 3 are insulated by the insulating sleeve 2, each part adopts a hollow structure, and the anode tube 1 and the cathode tube 3 are conducted by copper wires or silver wires with high conductivity to realize the conduction loop.

2. The copper or silver conductive bent pipe 4 is adopted to enable the resistance value of the non-working area to be larger than that of the working area, so that the working area is large in heating value, the temperature is quickly raised to the required temperature, the potential safety hazard caused by excessive heating of the non-working area is avoided, and the local heating of the heating needle is realized.

3. The bent pipe in the non-working area is plated with silver or other anti-corrosion metals to prevent the bent pipe from being corroded, and the service life of the heating needle is prolonged.

4. The durability of the working tip is ensured without increasing the resistance by reducing the wall thickness of the working tip.

The heating needle for the hot-melt gutta-percha heating pen with local heating comprises a positive electrode tube 1, an insulating sleeve 2, a negative electrode tube 3, a conductive bent tube 4, a heating needle head 5 and a conductive wire 6, the working principle is that the positive electrode tube 1 is electrified, the tail part of the positive electrode tube 1 is connected with the conductive wire 6, the conductive wire 6 conducts electricity to the heating needle head 5, then to the conductive bent tube 4, and finally to the negative electrode tube 3 to form a loop, and local heating of the heating needle in a working area can be realized. The needle head part is a heating area, the elbow is a non-working area, so that the resistance value of the needle head part is larger than that of the elbow part, and according to a formula of heat productivity, the larger the resistance value is, the larger the heat productivity is, and the higher the temperature is in the same current and heating time; moreover, the metal material with high conductivity in the first metal layer 11 in the positive electrode tube 1 and the second metal layer 41 in the conductive bent tube 4 can realize that most of the heat generation is concentrated on the heating needle head 5, thereby improving the operations such as softening or cutting off, and improving the safety.

While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.