阅读说明：本技术 一种垃圾焚烧处理的方法与系统 (Method and system for waste incineration treatment ) 是由 吴光明 于 2021-02-05 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种垃圾焚烧处理的方法与系统,包括垃圾进料系统、焚烧炉及二燃室系统、废锅及SNCR脱硝系统、急冷塔系统、反应塔系统、除尘器系统和脱酸系统等。所述垃圾进料系统接收垃圾后螺旋送入焚烧炉,经焚烧及二燃室进一步处理后的烟气送废锅及SNCR脱硝系统回收烟气余热及脱硝后,烟气送急冷塔系统急速冷却,然后送反应塔系统反应,再送除尘器系统除尘,最后送脱酸系统脱酸后达标排放。该垃圾焚烧处理的方法与系统具有良好的节能环保性与原料适用性、脱硝及脱酸效率高、能有效抑制二恶英再次合成、除尘及重金属效果显著等优点。新型的垃圾焚烧处理的方法与系统节能降耗、操作简单、运行经济效益好、烟气可直接排放、对环境无污染。(The invention discloses a method and a system for waste incineration treatment, which comprise a waste feeding system, an incinerator and secondary combustion chamber system, a waste boiler and SNCR denitration system, a quench tower system, a reaction tower system, a dust remover system, a deacidification system and the like. The garbage feeding system receives garbage and then spirally feeds the garbage into the incinerator, the flue gas after incineration and further treatment in the secondary combustion chamber is fed into a waste boiler and an SNCR denitration system to recover flue gas waste heat and denitrate, the flue gas is fed into a quenching tower system to be rapidly cooled, then is fed into a reaction tower system to react, is fed into a deduster system to be dedusted, and is finally fed into a deacidification system to be deacidified and then is discharged after reaching the standard. The method and the system for waste incineration treatment have the advantages of good energy-saving and environment-friendly properties, raw material applicability, high denitration and deacidification efficiency, effective inhibition of dioxin re-synthesis, obvious dust removal and heavy metal removal effects and the like. The novel method and the system for the waste incineration treatment have the advantages of energy conservation, consumption reduction, simple operation, good operation economic benefit, direct emission of flue gas and no pollution to the environment.)

1. A method and a system for treating garbage by incineration comprise a garbage feeding system, an incinerator and secondary combustion chamber system, a waste boiler and SNCR denitration system, a quench tower system, a reaction tower system, a dust remover system, a deacidification system and the like. The garbage feeding system receives garbage and then spirally feeds the garbage into the incinerator, the flue gas after incineration and further treatment in the secondary combustion chamber is fed into a waste boiler and an SNCR denitration system to recover flue gas waste heat and denitrate, the flue gas is fed into a quenching tower system to be rapidly cooled, then is fed into a reaction tower system to react, is fed into a deduster system to be dedusted, and is finally fed into a deacidification system to be deacidified and then is discharged after reaching the standard.

2. The method and system for waste incineration disposal according to claim 1, wherein: the main furnace system is composed of 2 incinerators and 1 secondary combustion chamber furnace system, thereby improving the processing capacity of the system and saving the investment of the secondary combustion chamber. The temperature of the incinerator is not lower than 850 ℃, and the optimal operation temperature is 850-870 ℃; the temperature of the second combustion chamber is 1100 ℃, and the optimal temperature is 1000-1200 ℃. However, when the halogen compound content exceeds 1% by weight, the operation temperature is required to be not lower than 1100 ℃.

3. The method and system for waste incineration disposal according to claim 1, wherein: the flue gas enters the waste heat boiler with the membrane type water-cooled wall structure from the secondary combustion chamber, the high-temperature flue gas generates saturated steam and recovers heat through the waste heat boiler, and the temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the waste heat boiler is 550 ℃. A selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) denitration system is arranged at a hearth of the waste heat boiler. And spraying a reducing agent urea solution on a water-cooled wall in a first return hearth of the waste heat boiler under the environment of 900-1050 ℃ to reduce NOx components in the flue gas to generate nitrogen.

4. The method and system for waste incineration disposal according to claim 1, wherein: the quenching tower system is a concurrent quenching tower. The 550 ℃ flue gas after waste heat recovery and denitration enters a downstream quenching tower, and is quenched by atomized alkali liquor, so that the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to below 200 ℃ within 1s, and the flue gas crosses a temperature range (250-450 ℃) where dioxin is regenerated in a short time, and the regeneration of the dioxin is avoided.

5. The method and system for waste incineration disposal according to claim 1, wherein: the reaction tower system is a dry reactor. The flue gas after two cooling enters from the bottom of the dry reactor, and SO in the flue gas₂The HCl and HF acid gases react with the sprayed lime powder to play a role in deacidification. Spraying about 200 meshes of activated carbon powder while spraying lime powder to adsorb heavy metal and dioxin in flue gas.

6. The method and system for waste incineration disposal according to claim 1, wherein: the dust remover system comprises a cyclone dust remover and a bag-type dust remover, wherein the cyclone dust remover removes particles larger than 200um in the flue gas, and the bag-type dust remover removes particles smaller than 200um in the flue gas. After deacidification and adsorption by a dry method, the flue gas mixed with the activated carbon powder and the lime powder sequentially enters a cyclone dust collector and a bag type dust collector. After dust in the flue gas is dedusted by the cyclone dust collector, small particles are adsorbed on the surface layer of a filter bag of the dust collector to form a dust layer, and lime in the dust continuously reacts with acid gas in the flue gas.

7. The method and system for waste incineration disposal according to claim 1, wherein: after dust removal by a bag-type dust remover, the flue gas adopts a two-stage wet deacidification process. The primary wet washing adjusts the temperature of the flue gas from about 180 ℃ to about 80 ℃, and the flue gas enters a secondary washing tower for further deacidification after reaching the optimal temperature section of acid-base reaction; and water in the flue gas is removed by a demister at the outlet of the secondary washing tower.

8. A method and system for waste incineration disposal according to claims 1 and 3, wherein: the residence time of the flue gas of the incinerator and the secondary combustion chamber is about 1-10 seconds, preferably about 2 seconds, so that the emission indexes of pollutants in the flue gas generated by incineration are obviously superior to the existing environmental protection standard, and the equipment investment and the operation cost can be effectively reduced.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of waste incineration, and particularly relates to a method and a system for waste incineration treatment.

Background

With the acceleration of the urbanization process, the problem of waste accumulation of municipal solid waste is becoming more serious, and the methods for treating municipal solid waste at home and abroad at present generally comprise: sanitary landfill, direct burning, plasma gasification, etc.

The sanitary landfill not only occupies a large amount of land, but also contains a large amount of heavy metals and bacteria, and can generate stink to cause serious pollution to water, soil and atmosphere. With the increasing annual production of wastes such as garbage, the embarrassment situation that the wastes such as garbage can be buried and piled up has occurred in many places, and the environmental and ecological safety problems caused by the pollution of garbage landfill are very serious.

The direct incineration of wastes such as garbage and the like can realize biomass reduction, reduce the occupied area and generate electricity at the same time, thereby creating certain economic benefit. However, the currently published incineration methods also bring about a series of problems: firstly, carcinogenic substances such as dioxin, furan and the like are easily generated due to low incineration temperature; secondly, the fly ash and the residue generated by incineration are rich in toxic and harmful heavy metal substances, which easily causes pollution to underground water sources; and thirdly, a large amount of smoke is generated by incineration, and the carbon emission is large.

The principle of plasma gasification technology is that by utilizing the physical characteristics of plasma, the high-temperature plasma has high energy density, the neutral particle temperature is close to the electron temperature, and the reactivity of various particles is high, the central temperature of a plasma torch for treating garbage generally can reach 30000 ℃ at most, the edge temperature can also reach about 3000 ℃, when the high-temperature plasma impacts a treated object, the treated object is quickly gasified and decomposed, new substances are generated by recombination, and therefore the treated harmful substances are changed into harmless substances. However, the method has high energy consumption, short plasma moment service life, frequent equipment replacement and high treatment cost.

Therefore, the search and research for developing a new green and environment-friendly method for treating wastes such as garbage and the like to reduce and eliminate the problem of environmental pollution caused in the process of treating municipal domestic garbage as much as possible have become a new subject in the field of waste treatment such as garbage and the like at present. Particularly, with the rapid development of economy and the increasing shortage of energy resources in recent years, the harmlessness, reduction and recycling of waste treatment such as garbage and the like become a new development direction of the industry at present.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method and a system for waste incineration treatment, aiming at the defects of the prior art.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a method and a system for waste incineration treatment are characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1: the garbage is spirally fed into an incinerator through a feeding system;

step 2: flue gas generated after the garbage is incinerated and further treated in a secondary combustion chamber is sent to a waste boiler and an SNCR (selective non-catalytic reduction) denitration system to recover the waste heat of the flue gas and carry out denitration;

and step 3: the flue gas after flue gas waste heat recovery and denitration is sent to a quenching tower system for rapid cooling, and then is sent to a reaction tower system for reaction, and heavy metal and dioxin in the flue gas are adsorbed in the reaction tower;

and 4, step 4: the smoke after absorbing heavy metal and dioxin is sent to a cyclone dust collector and a bag-type dust collector for dust collection.

And 5: after dust removal by a bag-type dust remover, the flue gas enters a primary washing tower and a secondary washing tower for deacidification.

A method and a system for waste incineration treatment, comprising: garbage feeding system, burn burning furnace and second combustion chamber system, pot and SNCR deNOx systems, quench tower system, reaction tower system, dust remover system and deacidification system.

Wherein the garbage feeding system is used for feeding garbage into the incinerator.

The incinerator and the secondary combustion chamber system are used for carrying out high-temperature incineration treatment on the garbage.

The waste boiler and the SNCR denitration system are used for recycling and denitration the waste heat of the flue gas generated by burning the flue gas.

The quenching tower system is used for rapidly cooling the flue gas.

The reaction tower system is used for adsorbing heavy metals and dioxin in the flue gas.

The dust remover system is used for carrying out cyclone dust removal and cloth bag dust removal on the flue gas.

The deacidification system is used for carrying out primary washing and secondary washing deacidification on the flue gas.

Further, the temperature of the incinerator in the step 2 is not lower than 850 ℃, and the optimal operation temperature is 850-870 ℃; the temperature of the second combustion chamber is 1100 ℃, and the optimal temperature is 1000-1200 ℃. However, when the halogen compound content exceeds 1% by weight, the operation temperature is required to be not lower than 1100 ℃.

Furthermore, the residence time of the flue gas of the incinerator and the secondary combustion chamber in the step 2 is about 1-10 seconds, preferably about 2 seconds, so that the emission indexes of various pollutants in the flue gas generated by incineration can be obviously superior to the existing environmental protection standard, and meanwhile, the equipment investment and the operation cost can be effectively reduced.

Further, the flue gas in the step 2 enters a waste heat boiler with a membrane wall structure from a secondary combustion chamber, high-temperature flue gas generates saturated steam and recovers heat through the waste heat boiler, and the temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the waste heat boiler is 550 ℃. A selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) denitration system is arranged at a hearth of the waste heat boiler. And spraying a reducing agent urea solution on a water-cooled wall in a first return hearth of the waste heat boiler under the environment of 900-1050 ℃ to reduce NOx components in the flue gas to generate nitrogen.

Further, the quenching tower system is a concurrent quenching tower. The 550 ℃ flue gas after waste heat recovery and denitration enters a downstream quenching tower, and is quenched by atomized alkali liquor, so that the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to below 200 ℃ within 1s, and the flue gas crosses a temperature range (250-450 ℃) where dioxin is regenerated in a short time, and the regeneration of the dioxin is avoided.

Further, the reaction tower system is a dry reactor. The flue gas after two cooling enters from the bottom of the dry reactor, and SO in the flue gas₂The HCl and HF acid gases react with the sprayed lime powder to play a role in deacidification. Spraying about 200 meshes of activated carbon powder while spraying lime powder to adsorb heavy metal and dioxin in flue gas.

Further, the dust remover system includes cyclone and sack cleaner, the granule that is greater than 200um in the cyclone desorption flue gas, the granule that is less than 200um in the sack cleaner desorption flue gas. After deacidification and adsorption by a dry method, the flue gas mixed with the activated carbon powder and the lime powder sequentially enters a cyclone dust collector and a bag type dust collector. After dust in the flue gas is dedusted by the cyclone dust collector, small particles are adsorbed on the surface layer of a filter bag of the dust collector to form a dust layer, and lime in the dust continuously reacts with acid gas in the flue gas;

further, after dust removal by the bag-type dust remover, the flue gas adopts a two-stage wet deacidification process. The primary wet washing adjusts the temperature of the flue gas from about 180 ℃ to about 80 ℃, and the flue gas enters a secondary washing tower for further deacidification after reaching the optimal temperature section of acid-base reaction; and water in the flue gas is removed by a demister at the outlet of the secondary washing tower.

Has the advantages that:

(1) the method provided by the invention utilizes high temperature to carry out incineration treatment on wastes such as garbage and the like and outputs the wastes in the form of high-temperature flue gas, the treatment process is green and environment-friendly, and the emission of pollutants such as dioxin and the like is far lower than the strictest environment-friendly emission standard of European Union and the like.

(2) From an ecological perspective, wastes such as garbage are a source of pollution, but from a resource perspective, garbage is an increasing resource on earth. For example, the method provided by the invention can be used for treating garbage and then generating power, if China can classify the garbage and sufficiently and effectively use the garbage for power generation, 4000-6000 million coal resources can be saved every year.

The technology is developed and used for treating various wastes such as municipal garbage, industrial garbage and the like, changes waste into valuable and has wide market prospect.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of a method and system for incineration disposal of garbage according to embodiment 1.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical solutions better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only partial embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

It should be noted that the terms "comprises" and "comprising," and any variations thereof, in the description and claims of this application and the above-described drawings, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

A method and system for waste incineration disposal as shown in fig. 1, comprising: garbage feeding system, burn burning furnace and second combustion chamber system, pot and SNCR deNOx systems, quench tower system, reaction tower system, dust remover system and deacidification system.

Wherein the garbage feeding system is used for feeding garbage into the incinerator. The waste feeding system comprises a screw feeder 1.

The incinerator and the secondary combustion chamber system are used for carrying out high-temperature incineration treatment on the garbage. The incinerator and secondary combustion chamber system comprises an incinerator 2 and a secondary combustion chamber 3. The temperature of the incinerator 2 is not lower than 850 ℃, and the optimal operation temperature is 850-870 ℃; the temperature of the second combustion chamber 3 is 1100 ℃, and the optimal temperature is 1000-1200 ℃. However, when the halogen compound content exceeds 1% by weight, the operation temperature is required to be not lower than 1100 ℃.

The residence time of the flue gas of the incinerator 2 and the secondary combustion chamber 3 is about 1-10 seconds, preferably about 2 seconds, so that the emission indexes of pollutants in the flue gas generated by incineration are obviously superior to the existing environmental protection standard, and meanwhile, the equipment investment and the operation cost can be effectively reduced.

The waste boiler and the SNCR denitration system are used for recycling and denitration the waste heat of the flue gas generated by burning the flue gas. The waste boiler and SNCR denitration system comprises a waste heat boiler 4. The waste heat boiler 4 is of a membrane type water-cooled wall structure, saturated steam and recovered heat are generated by high-temperature flue gas passing through the waste heat boiler 4, and the temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the waste heat boiler 4 is 550 ℃. A selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) denitration system is arranged at a hearth of the waste heat boiler. And spraying a reducing agent urea solution on a water-cooled wall in a first return hearth of the waste heat boiler under the environment of 900-1050 ℃ to reduce NOx components in the flue gas to generate nitrogen.

The quenching tower system is used for rapidly cooling the flue gas. The quench tower system includes a quench tower 5. The quenching tower 5 is a concurrent quenching tower. The 550 ℃ flue gas after waste heat recovery and denitration enters a quench tower 5, the flue gas is quenched by atomized alkali liquor, the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to be below 200 ℃ within 1s, the flue gas crosses a temperature range (250-450 ℃) where dioxin is regenerated in a short time, and the regeneration of the dioxin is avoided.

The reaction tower system is used for adsorbing heavy metals and dioxin in the flue gas. The reaction column system includes a dry reactor 6. The flue gas after two cooling enters from the bottom of the dry reactor 6, and SO in the flue gas₂The HCl and HF acid gases react with the sprayed lime powder to play a role in deacidification. Spraying about 200 meshes of activated carbon powder while spraying lime powder to adsorb heavy metal and dioxin in flue gas.

The dust remover system is used for carrying out cyclone dust removal and cloth bag dust removal on the flue gas. The dust collector system comprises a cyclone dust collector 7 and a bag-type dust collector 8. The cyclone dust collector 7 removes particles larger than 200um in the flue gas, and the bag-type dust collector 8 removes particles smaller than 200um in the flue gas. After deacidification and adsorption by a dry method, the flue gas mixed with the activated carbon powder and the lime powder sequentially enters a cyclone dust collector 7 and a bag type dust collector 8. After dust in the flue gas is dedusted by the cyclone dust collector 7, small particles are adsorbed on the surface layer of a filter bag of the dust collector to form a dust layer, and lime in the dust continuously reacts with acid gas in the flue gas;

the deacidification system is used for carrying out primary washing and secondary washing deacidification on the flue gas. The deacidification system includes a primary scrubber 9 and a secondary scrubber 10. After dust removal by a bag-type dust remover, the flue gas adopts a two-stage wet deacidification process. The primary washing tower 9 adjusts the temperature of the flue gas from about 180 ℃ to about 80 ℃, and enters the secondary washing tower 10 for further deacidification after reaching the optimal temperature section of acid-base reaction; and water in the flue gas is removed by a demister at the outlet of the secondary washing tower 10.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.