阅读说明：本技术 地下水可溶盐环境分析仪 (Underground water soluble salt environment analyzer ) 是由 罗宏杰 赵静 黄晓 于 2020-12-04 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种地下水可溶盐环境分析仪,包括：环境模拟系统,其包括容纳多孔文物样品和可溶盐溶液的箱体、调节箱体内的多种环境条件的环境调节单元、测量箱体内的可溶盐溶液的状态参数的溶液检测单元以及显示多种环境条件和可溶盐溶液的状态参数的参数显示单元；以及地下水位模拟系统,其包括总刻度标尺、设置于总刻度标尺且容纳可溶盐溶液的溶液供给箱、输送可溶盐溶液的溶液运输管以及测定溶液供给箱中的液面高度的液面高度标尺；箱体的底部通过溶液运输管与溶液供给箱的底部连通；溶液检测单元包括用于测定不同高度下可溶盐溶液的电导率的电导率测量模块。(The invention provides an underground water soluble salt environment analyzer, which comprises: the environment simulation system comprises a box body for accommodating the porous cultural relic sample and the soluble salt solution, an environment adjusting unit for adjusting various environmental conditions in the box body, a solution detecting unit for measuring the state parameters of the soluble salt solution in the box body and a parameter display unit for displaying various environmental conditions and the state parameters of the soluble salt solution; the underground water level simulation system comprises a total graduated scale, a solution supply tank, a solution conveying pipe and a liquid level height scale, wherein the solution supply tank is arranged on the total graduated scale and contains soluble salt solution; the bottom of the box body is communicated with the bottom of the solution supply box through a solution conveying pipe; the solution detection unit comprises a conductivity measurement module for determining the conductivity of the soluble salt solution at different heights.)

1. An underground water soluble salt environment analyzer is characterized in that,

the method comprises the following steps:

the environment simulation system comprises a box body for accommodating the porous cultural relic sample and the soluble salt solution, an environment adjusting unit for adjusting various environment conditions in the box body, a solution detecting unit for measuring the state parameters of the soluble salt solution in the box body and a parameter display unit for displaying the various environment conditions and the state parameters of the soluble salt solution; and

the underground water level simulation system comprises a total graduated scale, a solution supply tank, a solution conveying pipe and a liquid level height scale, wherein the solution supply tank is arranged on the total graduated scale and contains the soluble salt solution;

the bottom of the box body is communicated with the bottom of the solution supply box through the solution conveying pipe;

the solution detection unit comprises a conductivity measurement module for determining the conductivity of the soluble salt solution at different heights.

2. A groundwater soluble salt environment analyzer as claimed in claim 1,

the conductivity measuring module is a needle plate type electrode arranged along the height direction of the soluble salt solution in the box body, and comprises an anode and a cathode which are arranged on the side wall of the box body in an opposite mode.

3. A groundwater soluble salt environment analyzer as claimed in claim 2,

the system also comprises a pre-established database comprising the relation between the conductivity of the soluble salt solution and the concentration of the solution;

and importing the conductivity detected by the conductivity measuring module into the database to obtain the solution concentration corresponding to the conductivity.

4. A groundwater soluble salt environment analyzer as claimed in claim 1,

the environment adjusting unit comprises a temperature adjusting module for adjusting the temperature in the box body and a humidity adjusting module for adjusting the relative humidity in the box body;

the temperature adjusting module comprises a heating module, a refrigerating module and a temperature sensor;

the humidity adjusting module comprises a humidifying module and a humidity sensor.

5. A groundwater soluble salt environment analyzer as claimed in claim 1,

the ground water level simulation system further comprises a height adjusting device for adjusting the height of the solution supply tank.

6. A groundwater soluble salt environment analyzer as claimed in claim 1,

the solution supply tank is provided with a liquid level height scale for measuring the content of the soluble salt solution in the solution supply tank.

7. A groundwater soluble salt environment analyzer as claimed in claim 1,

the box body is made of transparent material which is not corroded by salt.

8. A groundwater soluble salt environment analyzer as claimed in claim 1,

the top of the box body is provided with an observation window.

9. A groundwater soluble salt environment analyzer as claimed in claim 1,

and a valve is arranged on the solution conveying pipe.

10. A groundwater soluble salt environment analyzer as claimed in claim 1,

the porous cultural relic sample is formed by stacking porous quartz sand particles, and the diameter of the quartz sand particles is 1-2 mm;

the soluble salt solution was a copper sulfate solution having a concentration of 5.8% in the solution supply tank.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of cultural heritage protection, in particular to a groundwater soluble salt environment analyzer for researching environment and concentration analysis of groundwater soluble salt solution in porous cultural relics.

Background

China has a continuous history of 5000 years, makes great contribution to the generation, development and progress of human civilization, and generates a plurality of excellent cultural heritages of human beings distributed on the large land of China.

Because the cultural heritage is a non-renewable precious resource, with the trend of global economy and the acceleration of modernization process, the cultural ecology of China is changing greatly, the cultural heritage and the living environment thereof are threatened seriously, and the whole appearances of ancient buildings, ancient sites, historical cultural famous cities and the like which are communicated with underground water are damaged. Taking a Yunjang grotto as an example, a plurality of sandstone stone statues built according to cliffs on the outer wall of the grotto are lifelike and well-preserved in the 70 th century, but become incomprehensible by the beginning of the century; while the world cultural heritage in the museum on the wall is in the grotto, some precious fresco have become rambling under the influence of the salt damage of the underground water in a short and hundred years.

At present, researches on damage of groundwater soluble salt to cultural relics mainly focus on the types of the cultural relics, the types of the cultural relics containing the soluble salt, water salt sources, crystallization rules of the soluble salt, thermodynamic kinetic change mechanisms, crystallization pressures of the salt, calculation of related molecular kinetic models and the like. Salt and moisture absorption and capillary coagulation caused by salt, as well as the dual effects of ambient humidity changes and salt moisture absorption and dissolution, are reported to cause damage to the porous material, crystallization of salt in the pores, and pressure damage to the pore surfaces due to the generated crystallization pressure. The researches greatly improve the understanding of the correlation between the salt and the cultural relics, but the analysis is difficult to be carried out through the prior technical equipment aiming at the processes of the migration and the concentration distribution of the salt along with the underground water in the porous pore canal under different environmental conditions.

Disclosure of Invention

The problems to be solved by the invention are as follows:

in view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide an underground water soluble salt environment analyzer capable of constructing various environmental conditions and simulating and detecting changes in soluble salt solution in porous cultural relics, concentration distribution conditions, and the like.

The technical means for solving the problems are as follows:

in order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides an underground water soluble salt environment analyzer, comprising: the environment simulation system comprises a box body for accommodating the porous cultural relic sample and the soluble salt solution, an environment adjusting unit for adjusting various environment conditions in the box body, a solution detecting unit for measuring the state parameters of the soluble salt solution in the box body and a parameter display unit for displaying the various environment conditions and the state parameters of the soluble salt solution; the underground water level simulation system comprises a total graduated scale, a solution supply tank, a solution conveying pipe and a liquid level height scale, wherein the solution supply tank is arranged on the total graduated scale and contains the soluble salt solution; the bottom of the box body is communicated with the bottom of the solution supply box through the solution conveying pipe; the solution detection unit comprises a conductivity measurement module for determining the conductivity of the soluble salt solution at different heights.

According to the invention, various environmental conditions and various underground water level heights can be realized through a simple structure, the migration process of soluble salt along with underground water in the porous cultural relic sample can be visually detected, and early warning is given to whether the cultural relic is subjected to salt damage of the underground water.

In the present invention, the conductivity measuring module may be a needle plate electrode disposed along a height direction of the soluble salt solution in the tank, and includes an anode and a cathode disposed opposite to each other on a side wall of the tank. With this, it is possible to divide the soluble salt solution into a plurality of solution layer regions, and measure the conductivity of each solution layer region, thereby detecting the conductivity of the soluble salt solution at different heights.

In the present invention, a pre-established database including a relationship between the conductivity of the soluble salt solution and the solution concentration may also be included; and importing the conductivity detected by the conductivity measuring module into the database to obtain the solution concentration corresponding to the conductivity. The solution concentrations of the soluble salt solutions at different heights can be obtained by comparing the detected conductivity of the soluble salt solutions at different heights with the data in the database.

In the invention, the environment adjusting unit may include a temperature adjusting module for adjusting the temperature in the box body and a humidity adjusting module for adjusting the relative humidity in the box body; the temperature adjusting module comprises a heating module, a refrigerating module and a temperature sensor; the humidity adjusting module comprises a humidifying module and a humidity sensor. Thus, the temperature and relative humidity in the cabinet can be controlled to be required.

In the present invention, the groundwater level simulation system may further include a height adjusting device for adjusting a height of the solution supply tank.

In the present invention, the solution supply tank may be provided with a liquid level height scale for measuring a content of the soluble salt solution in the solution supply tank.

In the present invention, the case may be made of a transparent material which is not corroded by salt. This ensures the visualization of the observation.

In the invention, the top of the box body is provided with an observation window. Thereby being helpful for observing morphological changes such as crystallization-desorption of the soluble salt solution in the porous cultural relic sample.

In the present invention, a valve may be disposed on the solution transportation pipe. Thereby enabling control of the amount of soluble salt solution delivered.

In the invention, the porous cultural relic sample is formed by stacking porous quartz sand particles, and the diameter of the quartz sand particles is 1-2 mm; the soluble salt solution was a copper sulfate solution having a concentration of 5.8% in the solution supply tank.

The invention has the following effects:

the invention has simple structure and convenient carrying, can intuitively detect and simulate and detect the migration and concentration distribution conditions of soluble salt solution in porous cultural relics in various environments, and gives early warning on whether the cultural relics are damaged by underground water, thereby guiding the intervention behaviors such as desalting and the like when the cultural relics need to be desalted.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a groundwater soluble salt environment analyzer according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a graph showing capillary water migration height versus time during migration of a copper sulfate solution as a soluble salt solution in capillary channels formed by porous quartz sand particles;

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship of solution resistance to capillary water migration height after sufficient migration of a copper sulfate solution as a soluble salt solution in porous quartz sand particles;

FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of a salt crystallization band formed in a porous cultural relic sample by a soluble salt solution;

description of the symbols:

100. an environmental simulation system; 200. an underground water level simulation system; 1. a box body; 2. porous quartz sand particles (porous cultural relic samples); 3. a soluble salt solution; 4. a heating plate (heating module); 5. a cold plate (cold module); 6. a compressor; 7. an atomizing humidifier (humidifying module); 8. a temperature sensor; 9. a humidity sensor; 10. a pin plate conductivity anode (anode); 11. a pin plate conductivity cathode (cathode); 12. a parameter display unit; 13. an electronic liquid crystal screen; 14. a temperature display unit; 15. a humidity display unit; 16. a conductivity display section; 17. an observation window; 18. a solution transport pipe; 19. a solution supply tank; 20. a total scale; 21. a servo motor (height adjusting means); 22. a liquid level height scale; 23. a soluble salt solution; 30. a salt crystallization zone; A. a first region; B. a second region.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings, it being understood that the drawings and the following embodiments are illustrative of the invention only and are not limiting thereof.

Disclosed herein is an underground water soluble salt environment analyzer capable of constructing various environmental conditions, simulating and detecting changes in soluble salt solution in porous cultural relics, concentration distribution conditions and the like. Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an underground water soluble salt environment analyzer (hereinafter, simply referred to as "environment analyzer") according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the environmental analyzer includes two parts, an environmental simulation system 100 and a ground water level simulation system 200.

[ Environment simulation System ]

The environmental simulation system 100 is mainly used for providing the environmental temperature and humidity conditions for the porous cultural relic sample and recording the change process of the soluble salt solution 3 in the porous cultural relic sample. The environmental simulation system 100 includes a tank 1, an environmental conditioning unit, a solution detecting unit, and a parameter display unit 12.

The tank 1 is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape, and contains therein a porous cultural relic sample and a soluble salt solution 3 from an underground water level simulation system 200 described later. In this embodiment, the case 1 may be made of a transparent material such as transparent glass or organic resin which is not corroded by salt, and the transparent material is selected to ensure the visualization of observation, and an observation window 17 may be opened on the top of the case 1 for observing morphological changes such as crystallization-analysis of the soluble salt solution 3 in the porous cultural relic sample. In the environment simulation system 100, an environment adjusting unit and a solution detecting unit are provided in the case 1, and a parameter display unit 12 is provided outside thereof.

< environmental Conditioning Unit >

The environment adjusting unit is mainly used for providing required environmental conditions such as temperature, relative humidity and the like for the porous cultural relic sample in the box body 1. Specifically, the environment conditioning unit includes a temperature conditioning module and a humidity conditioning module. Wherein, the temperature regulation module includes heating module, refrigeration module and sets up in the temperature sensor 8 of box 1 inner wall, and the humidity control module includes humidification module and sets up in the humidity transducer 9 of box 1 inner wall.

In the present embodiment, the heating module is a heating plate 4 provided at the bottom of the housing 1 and is used to provide a heating temperature required by the environment simulation system 100. The refrigerating module includes a compressor 6 and a refrigerating plate 5 provided at an upper portion of the cabinet 1 to provide a refrigerating temperature required in the environment simulation system 100. The humidity module is an atomizing humidifier 7, and the atomizing humidifier 7 is formed with an atomizing humidification outlet on a side wall of the box body 1, and is used for providing the relative humidity required in the environmental simulation system 100. Thus, the heating module, the cooling module, and the humidity module are feedback-controlled according to the detection data of the sensors, so that the inside of the case 1 can be maintained at a constant temperature and humidity.

In addition to the adjustment of the interior of the housing 1 to the required environmental conditions, the environment adjustment means may function only as environmental parameter detection means for detecting the temperature and the relative humidity in the housing 1, and at this time, only the temperature sensor 8 and the humidity sensor 9 may be operated to detect and output the real-time environmental parameters in the housing 1.

< solution detecting Unit >

The solution detection unit is mainly used for detecting and recording the state parameters of the soluble salt solution 3 in the box body 1 and comprises a conductivity measurement module. Since the tank 1 and a solution supply tank 19, which will be described later, are communicated at the bottom by a solution delivery pipe 18 to form a communicator, it is possible to read according to a total graduated scale 20 provided in a ground water level simulation system 200, which will be described later, depending on the height of the soluble salt solution 3 in the communicator tank 1.

Since the box 1 contains a porous cultural relic sample such as porous cultural relic particles, a capillary channel formed by a large number of small holes and gaps between particles is formed in the porous cultural relic sample, and the soluble salt solution 3 is transported upward by the capillary phenomenon after the soluble salt solution 3 is injected from the groundwater level simulation system 200. The capillary water transport level of the soluble salt solution 3 in the tank 1 can also be read from the total graduated scale 20.

The conductivity measuring module is mainly used for measuring the conductivity of the soluble salt solution 3 at different capillary water migration heights, and in the embodiment, the conductivity measuring module is a needle plate type electrode arranged along the height direction of the soluble salt solution 3 in the box body 1 and comprises a needle plate type conductivity anode 10 and a needle plate type conductivity cathode 11 which are arranged on the side wall of the box body 1 in an opposite mode. The pin plate type conductivity anode 10 and the pin plate type conductivity cathode 11 are respectively composed of a plurality of electrodes (anode and cathode) arranged on a pin plate, the anodes and the cathodes are in one-to-one correspondence in the height direction, the soluble salt solution 3 is divided into a plurality of solution layers in the height direction, the solution concentration of the soluble salt solution 3 under the height is estimated by measuring the conductivity of the solution layer between each group of anode and the corresponding cathode, and thereby the conductivity change of the soluble salt solution 3 at different heights in the porous cultural relic sample can be recorded. Further, it is also possible to preliminarily determine the relationship between the conductivity and the solution concentration of the soluble salt solution 3 at a prescribed temperature and a prescribed relative humidity and establish a database in which a graph or a chart reflecting the relationship between the conductivity and the solution concentration of the soluble salt solution can be stored. By means of which the solution concentrations of the soluble salt solution 3 at different heights can be deduced from the conductivity of the soluble salt solution 3 measured by the conductivity measuring module. In addition, a graph or chart showing the relationship between the resistance (i.e., the reciprocal of the conductivity) of the reaction soluble salt and the concentration of the solution may be stored in the database. The resistance is converted from the conductivity of the soluble salt solution 3 measured by the conductivity measuring module, and then the solution concentration of the soluble salt solution 3 with different heights is calculated through a database.

< parameter display Unit >

The parameter display unit 12 is provided outside the cabinet 1, and the parameter display unit 12 includes the electronic liquid crystal panel 13 and also includes the built-in compressor 6 and the atomizing humidifier 7, etc., but the compressor 6 and the atomizing humidifier 7 are not limited to being built in the parameter display unit 12, and may be provided outside the cabinet 1 separately. As shown in fig. 1, the electronic liquid crystal panel 13 is divided into a plurality of display sections, and specifically includes a temperature display section 14 for displaying the temperature number, a humidity display section 15 for displaying relative humidity data, and an electric conductivity display section 16 for displaying electric conductivity data.

[ groundwater level simulation System ]

As also shown in FIG. 1, the groundwater level simulation system 200 is used to provide a soluble salt solution to the tank 1 of the environmental simulation system 100 and to bring the initial level of the soluble salt solution 3 in the tank 1 to a desired simulated groundwater level. The ground water level simulation system 200 mainly includes a solution transport pipe 18, a solution supply tank 19, and a total graduated scale 20. The solution supply tank 19 is provided to a total graduated scale 20 for indicating the level of the soluble salt solution 23, which is vertically movable up and down by a height adjusting means. The height adjusting means may include a servo motor 21 and a transmission mechanism, not shown, such as a ball screw mechanism, but is not limited thereto, and may be other means capable of moving the solution supply tank 19 up and down, such as a screw stepping motor. The height adjusting means provides the solution supply tank 19 with movability, thereby making it change the liquid level height by moving up and down, thereby ensuring the degree of supply of the solution in the solution supply tank 19. In the present invention, the height of the solution supply tank 19 may be manually adjusted by detachably mounting only the solution supply tank 19 on the master scale 20 without providing a height adjustment device.

The solution supply tank 19 contains a soluble salt solution 23, and a liquid level height scale 22 for measuring the content (height) of the soluble salt solution 23 contained therein may be provided at one side of the solution supply tank 19, but is not limited thereto, and the liquid level height scale 22 may be a scale formed on a side wall of the solution supply tank 19. A solution transport pipe 18 for communicating the bottom of the solution supply tank 19 with the bottom of the above-mentioned tank 1 is provided on the solution supply tank 19, whereby the tank 1 and the solution supply tank 19 are formed as a communicating vessel, whereby the initial liquid level height of the soluble salt solution 3 in the tank 1, which is the height of the soluble salt solution 23 in the solution supply tank 19 with respect to the reference level (so-called ground water level height), can be adjusted and set by changing the liquid level height of the soluble salt solution 23, which can be obtained by directly reading the reading on the total graduated scale 20. The solution transport pipe 18 may be provided with a valve (not shown) such as a ball valve, and the valve may be opened all the time or closed to block the solution transport pipe 18 after the soluble salt solution is supplied from the solution supply tank 19 to the tank 1. The continuous supply state of the soluble salt solution in the immovable cultural relics can be simulated by opening the valve, and the changed state after the soluble salt solution in the movable cultural relics is blocked can be simulated by closing the valve.

In the present embodiment, the solution supply tank 19 is provided on the total scale 20 for indicating the liquid level of the soluble salt solution 23 so as to be vertically movable by the height adjusting means. The height adjusting means may include a servo motor 21 and a transmission mechanism, not shown, such as a ball screw mechanism, but is not limited thereto, and may be other means capable of moving the solution supply tank 19 up and down, such as a screw stepping motor. The height adjusting means provides the solution supply tank 19 with movability, thereby making it change the liquid level height by moving up and down, thereby ensuring the degree of supply of the solution in the solution supply tank 19. In the present invention, the height of the solution supply tank 19 may be manually adjusted by detachably mounting only the solution supply tank 19 on the master scale 20 without providing a height adjustment device.

(examples)

A copper sulfate solution with a concentration of 5.8% and a color developing effect is prepared as a soluble salt solution, the soluble salt solution is introduced into a solution supply tank 19 in the groundwater level simulation system 200, the height of the solution supply tank 19 is adjusted through a servo motor 21, the liquid level height of the copper sulfate solution is determined, and the scale value of a total scale 20 is recorded.

White porous quartz sand particles with the diameter of 1-2 mm are accumulated in the box body 1 to form a porous cultural relic sample, and capillary pipelines with the diameter of 1-2 mm are formed on the porous quartz sand particles. When the valve on the solution conveying pipe 18 is opened, the copper sulfate solution is slowly conveyed from the solution supply tank 19 in the groundwater level simulation system 200 to the tank body 1 in the environment simulation system 100 through the solution conveying pipe 18, and the height of the copper sulfate solution 3 in the tank body 1 is consistent with the liquid level of the solution supply tank 19, the conveyance of the soluble salt solution in the porous quartz sand particles is stable.

The temperature and the relative humidity in the box body 1 of the environment simulation system 100 are respectively adjusted to be 25 ℃ and 65% through the environment adjusting unit, the migration rate of the soluble salt solution in the box body 1 under the capillary action is observed, and fig. 2 is a curve showing the relationship between the capillary water migration height and the time in the migration process of the copper sulfate solution with the concentration of 5.8% in a capillary pipeline with the diameter of 1-2 mm formed by porous quartz sand particles, wherein the horizontal axis is time, and the vertical axis is the capillary water migration height. And (3) performing curve fitting on the data to obtain a fitting curve by acquiring the capillary water migration height of the soluble salt solution 3 in the porous quartz sand particles at different moments. The horizontal dashed line shows the maximum capillary water height of the soluble salt solution 3 in the porous quartz sand particles, which can be seen to be around 140mm over time.

Conductivity data at different heights during the transport of the soluble salt solution 3 by capillary action are measured and recorded by the pin plate conductivity anode 10 and the pin plate conductivity cathode 11 as conductivity measuring modules. The correlation between the conductivity data of the copper sulfate solution with the concentration of 5.8% and the solution concentration during the change of the temperature of 25 ℃ and the relative humidity of 65% is determined in advance before the experiment, and a database is established, so that the concentration change of the soluble salt solution 3 at different capillary water migration heights is calculated according to the conductivity data detected by a conductivity measuring module in the database.

Since the migration speed of water molecules is greater than that of cations and anions during the migration of the soluble salt solution 3 in the porous quartz sand particles, a so-called water-borne salt phenomenon is exhibited. Because the conductivity of the soluble salt solution and the concentration of the soluble salt solution have a positive correlation, the conductivity data detected by the conductivity measurement module can deduce that the concentration of the initial solution continuously decreases along with the increase of the capillary water migration height. After reaching the maximum height that the capillary water can reach, the cations and anions in the soluble salt solution continue to migrate upwards by capillary phenomenon, so that the conductivity and concentration of the upper layer of the capillary water continuously increase, in other words, there is a process of initially lower solution concentration and then gradually increasing in the capillary water, and finally crystallization starts at the higher liquid level of the capillary water (slightly below the maximum liquid level) when the soluble salt solution reaches its saturation concentration.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship of solution resistance to capillary water transport height after sufficient transport of a 5.8% strength copper sulfate solution in porous quartz sand particles. As shown in fig. 3, in the present embodiment, since the height of the soluble salt solution 3 (non-capillary water) in the tank 1 is approximately 40mm, the solution concentration of the soluble salt solution 3 is high, and the conductivity is high and the resistance is low in the first region a indicated by a square frame, that is, in the height range of approximately 0 to 40 mm. The height of 40mm or more is a height at which the capillary water rises in the porous quartz sand particles by the capillary phenomenon of the soluble salt solution 3. As mentioned above, the salt ions in the soluble salt solution 3 are sufficiently transported by the capillary phenomenon and then are gathered near the higher liquid level (a position slightly lower than the highest liquid level) of the capillary water. Therefore, the solution concentration is low and the resistance is high within the height range of about 40-100 mm. On the other hand, at the second region B indicated by a box, where the concentration of the solution is high due to the enrichment of salt ions, the conductivity is high and the resistance is small, crystallization occurs when the concentration of the solution is further increased. At the highest level of the capillary water, the resistance rises again and the solution concentration decreases.

FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of salt crystallization bands formed in a porous cultural relic sample by a soluble salt solution. As shown in fig. 4, the soluble salt solution forms a distinct crystalline band of salt 30 at a higher level slightly below the highest level of capillary water, and this enrichment of the crystalline band within the sample can cause irreversible damage to the porous cultural relic sample.

The porous cultural relic sample is not limited to the white porous quartz sand particles, and can be made of other materials, and the diameter of the porous cultural relic sample is not limited to 1-2 mm. The soluble salt solution is not limited to 5.8% copper sulfate solution, and may be copper sulfate solution with other concentration, such as NaCl and Na₂SO₄And the like. Further, the temperature in the tank 1 is not limited to 25 ℃ and the relative humidity is not limited to 65%, and the temperature and the relative humidity in the tank 1 and the liquid level of the soluble salt solution 23 in the solution supply tank 19 may be changed as needed.

According to the invention, the inventor finds out the migration and crystallization process of the soluble salt solution in the porous cultural relic sample for the first time, namely, the soluble salt solution carries the salt on the water in the capillary water migration process, the solution concentration is firstly and continuously reduced along with the increase of the capillary water migration height, and then the solution concentration in the capillary water is continuously increased until the solution is enriched at the higher liquid level of the capillary water and forms a crystallization zone. The invention has simple structure and excellent portability, can intuitively simulate various environments of the porous cultural relic sample by changing various environmental conditions and various underground water level heights, and can detect the processes of migration, concentration distribution and the like of soluble salt in the porous cultural relic sample along with underground water, thereby being beneficial to researching the correlation among the saline water in the underground water soluble salt environment. The solution concentration of the soluble salt solution can be calculated by detecting the conductivity of the soluble salt solution at different heights, the migration process of the soluble salt solution in the porous cultural relic sample can be mastered in real time, and early warning is given to whether the cultural relic is subjected to salt damage of underground water, so that the intervention behaviors such as desalting and the like can be guided to whether the cultural relic needs to be desalted and when the cultural relic needs to be desalted.

The above embodiments are intended to illustrate and not to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the claims, but rather by the claims, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.