阅读说明：本技术 一种垃圾焚烧预测与前馈控制方法 (Garbage incineration prediction and feedforward control method ) 是由 张庚 方朝君 陈嵩涛 王建阳 于 2021-06-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种垃圾焚烧预测与前馈控制方法,其包括如下步骤：获得入炉垃圾的种类；基于垃圾种类对入炉垃圾进行分类,再将分类后的每种垃圾进行标记；将标记后的入炉垃圾混合后再进行识别,得到入炉垃圾种类、质量比；基于入炉垃圾种类及质量比,计算包括入炉垃圾的热值、含水率、固定碳、灰分中的一个或多个参数；根据入炉垃圾参数,对焚烧炉的风量、给水流量、炉排运行速度中的一个或多个参数进行调节。本发明通过对垃圾进行精细化分类和标记后得到实时入炉垃圾的数据,基于这些数据得到入炉垃圾的热值、含水率、固定碳、灰分等参数,以提前调节锅炉燃烧参数,实现燃烧情况的预判,避免控制滞后的问题,优化焚烧炉内燃烧。(The invention relates to a garbage incineration prediction and feedforward control method, which comprises the following steps: obtaining the type of garbage entering the furnace; classifying the garbage entering the furnace based on the garbage types, and marking each classified garbage; mixing the marked garbage into the furnace, and then identifying to obtain the type and the mass ratio of the garbage into the furnace; calculating one or more parameters including the heat value, the water content, the fixed carbon and the ash content of the garbage entering the furnace based on the type and the mass ratio of the garbage entering the furnace; and according to the parameters of the garbage entering the incinerator, one or more parameters of air quantity, water supply flow and grate operation speed of the incinerator are adjusted. According to the invention, the data of the garbage entering the furnace in real time are obtained after the garbage is finely classified and marked, and the parameters of the garbage entering the furnace, such as heat value, water content, fixed carbon, ash content and the like, are obtained based on the data, so that the combustion parameters of the boiler are adjusted in advance, the prejudgment of the combustion condition is realized, the problem of control lag is avoided, and the combustion in the incinerator is optimized.)

1. A garbage incineration prediction and feedforward control method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

s1, obtaining the type of the garbage entering the furnace;

s2, classifying the garbage entering the furnace based on the garbage types, and marking each classified garbage;

s3, mixing the marked garbage into the furnace, and then identifying to obtain the types of the garbage into the furnace and the mass ratio of each type of garbage to the garbage into the furnace;

s4, calculating one or more parameters including the heat value, the water content, the fixed carbon and the ash content of the garbage entering the furnace based on the type and the mass ratio of the garbage entering the furnace;

s5, adjusting one or more parameters of air quantity, water supply flow and grate running speed of the incinerator according to the obtained parameters of the garbage entering the incinerator, wherein the adjustment comprises the following steps:

1) adjusting air volume according to the heat value, the water content, the fixed carbon and the ash content of the garbage entering the furnace, wherein if the heat value of the garbage entering the furnace is higher than the designed heat value of the incinerator, and/or the fixed carbon of the garbage entering the furnace is higher than the designed fixed carbon of the incinerator, and/or the water content and the ash content of the garbage entering the furnace are respectively lower than the designed water content of the incinerator and the designed ash content of the incinerator, the air volume is adjusted to be higher than the designed air volume of the incinerator; if the heat value of the garbage entering the incinerator is lower than the designed heat value of the incinerator, and/or the fixed carbon of the garbage entering the incinerator is lower than the designed fixed carbon of the incinerator, and/or the water content and the ash content are respectively higher than the designed water content of the incinerator and the designed ash content of the incinerator, adjusting the air volume to be lower than the designed air volume of the incinerator;

2) calculating the water supply flow according to the heat value of the garbage entering the furnace and the weight of the garbage in the furnace, wherein the water supply flow is calculated by the following formula:

X＝Q×η/△h

Q＝q×m

wherein Q is total heat of the garbage entering the boiler, eta is boiler efficiency, delta h is steam enthalpy drop, X is water supply flow, Q is heat value of the garbage entering the boiler, and m is the quality of the garbage entering the boiler;

3) adjusting the running speed of the fire grate according to the heat value of the garbage entering the furnace, and if the heat value of the garbage entering the furnace is higher than the designed heat value of the incinerator, adjusting the running speed of the fire grate to be lower than the preset running speed of the fire grate; if the heat value of the garbage entering the incinerator is lower than the designed heat value of the incinerator, the operating speed of the fire grate is adjusted to be higher than the preset operating speed of the fire grate.

2. A waste incineration prediction and feedforward control method according to claim 1, characterized by: in step S4, the calorific value of the garbage charged into the furnace is obtained by the following calculation formula:

q＝q1×R1+q2×R2+q3×R3+...qi×Ri

wherein q is the heat value of the garbage entering the furnace, and R is the mass ratio of certain types of garbage to the garbage entering the furnace.

3. A waste incineration prediction and feedforward control method according to claim 1, characterized by: in step S4, the moisture content of the garbage entering the furnace is obtained by the following calculation formula:

H＝H1×R1+H2×R2+H3×R3+...Hi×Ri

wherein H is the moisture content of the garbage entering the furnace, and R is the mass ratio of certain types of garbage to the garbage entering the furnace.

4. A waste incineration prediction and feedforward control method according to claim 1, characterized by: in step S4, the fixed carbon of the garbage charged into the furnace is obtained by the following calculation formula:

C＝C1×R1+C2×R2+C3×R3+...Ci×Ri

wherein C is the fixed carbon of the garbage entering the furnace, and R is the mass ratio of certain garbage to the garbage entering the furnace.

5. A waste incineration prediction and feedforward control method according to claim 1, characterized by: in step S4, the ash content of the garbage entering the furnace is obtained by the following calculation formula:

A＝A1×R1+A2×R2+A3×R3+...Ai×Ri

wherein A is the ash content of the garbage entering the furnace, and R is the mass ratio of certain types of garbage to the garbage entering the furnace.

6. A waste incineration prediction and feedforward control method according to claim 1, characterized by: in step S1, the LIBS detects the garbage before entering the incinerator to obtain the type of garbage entering the incinerator.

7. A waste incineration prediction and feedforward control method according to claim 6, characterized by: LIBS irradiates garbage entering the furnace through laser pulses to obtain spectral characteristic parameters of the real-time garbage, and the type of the garbage is obtained through comparison and analysis of the spectral characteristic parameters and typical garbage laser induction spectral characteristic parameters.

8. A waste incineration prediction and feedforward control method according to claim 1, characterized by: in step S2, each sorted waste is labeled by spraying a fluorescent marker or an isotope.

9. A waste incineration prediction and feedforward control method according to claim 8, characterized by: in step S3, the marked garbage is identified by the optical instrument corresponding to the fluorescent marker and the elemental analyzer garbage corresponding to the isotope marker, and the garbage type and the mass ratio of each type of garbage to the garbage in the furnace are obtained from the corresponding marker.

10. A waste incineration prediction and feedforward control method according to claim 1, characterized by: in step S5, the air volume of the incinerator includes primary air and secondary air.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of waste incineration, and particularly relates to a waste incineration prediction and feedforward control method.

Background

At present, the main treatment modes of municipal solid waste include three modes of incineration, landfill, composting and the like, because the scale of cities and the number of people are continuously increased and enlarged, the land resources are scarce, the number of available landfill sites is continuously reduced, the volume reduction, the decrement and the harmlessness degree of waste incineration are high, simultaneously, the heat generated in the incineration process is used for generating electricity to realize the energy of the waste, and a plurality of cities in China are built with waste incineration power stations.

However, in the actual operation process of the waste incineration power station, the problems of unstable combustion, delayed control, easy coking of the heating surface of the hearth and the like exist, wherein the change of the types of the garbage entering the boiler has great influence on the stable operation of the boiler, and the following problems are mainly caused: (1) the accurate control of air quantity and steam-water parameters by a controller is difficult, different from the fact that pulverized coal fired furnace coal fired is stable, the types of garbage articles fired at every moment are changed, the change is large, and operators are difficult to control stable combustion, so that the combustion is insufficient or uneconomical; (2) the combustion is unstable, the control is inaccurate, the output power of the actual garbage incineration is greatly fluctuated, and the fluctuation of the main steam flow parameter can reach 30t/min according to the statistics of an actual garbage power station; (3) the combustion of the hearth is changed greatly, and the operation of a subsequent pollutant control device also needs to be adjusted continuously, but the subsequent pollutant control device is very easy to lag, for example, the ammonia injection amount is insufficient or over-injection is carried out, the material of a desulfurization device is wasted, and the like.

At present, no special device or method provides a solution in actual operation aiming at the problem that the variety of the garbage fed into the garbage incineration power station is greatly changed.

Chinese patent document CN102889598A discloses a control method for assisting stable combustion of garbage by utilizing garbage heat value prediction, which realizes a flow that operating parameter signals are converted into input parameters from a garbage incineration control system, parameters which are relatively closely related to the garbage heat value are screened out by utilizing an algorithm, the obtained parameters are subjected to dimensionality reduction treatment through main components, redundant information is removed, a genetic algorithm optimized neural network model is established to read and process obtained data for training, the predicted garbage heat value is output, the garbage heat value is fed back to a controller after signal conversion, and the garbage incineration control system can adjust related parameters according to instructions of the controller to eliminate adverse effects caused by garbage heat value fluctuation. The method is based on operation parameters and an algorithm, a predicted garbage heat value is obtained through calculation, and then the predicted garbage heat value is fed back to a controller for control; the core of the method is operation and prediction, the core data garbage heat value finally used for control is obtained by calculation, and the calculation basic parameters are continuously changed, so that the method does not really carry out online or offline detection on the garbage heat value entering the furnace.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a garbage incineration prediction and feedforward control method.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

the invention provides a garbage incineration prediction and feedforward control method, which comprises the following steps:

s1, obtaining the type of the garbage entering the furnace;

s2, classifying the garbage entering the furnace based on the garbage types, and marking each classified garbage;

s3, mixing the marked garbage into the furnace, and then identifying to obtain the types of the garbage into the furnace and the mass ratio of each type of garbage to the garbage into the furnace;

s4, calculating one or more parameters including the heat value, the water content, the fixed carbon and the ash content of the garbage entering the furnace based on the type and the mass ratio of the garbage entering the furnace;

s5, adjusting one or more parameters of air quantity, water supply flow and grate running speed of the incinerator according to the obtained parameters of the garbage entering the incinerator, wherein the adjustment comprises the following steps:

1) adjusting air volume according to the heat value, the water content, the fixed carbon and the ash content of the garbage entering the furnace, wherein if the heat value of the garbage entering the furnace is higher than the designed heat value of the incinerator, and/or the fixed carbon of the garbage entering the furnace is higher than the designed fixed carbon of the incinerator, and/or the water content and the ash content of the garbage entering the furnace are respectively lower than the designed water content of the incinerator and the designed ash content of the incinerator, the air volume is adjusted to be higher than the designed air volume of the incinerator; if the heat value of the garbage entering the incinerator is lower than the designed heat value of the incinerator, and/or the fixed carbon of the garbage entering the incinerator is lower than the designed fixed carbon of the incinerator, and/or the water content and the ash content are respectively higher than the designed water content of the incinerator and the designed ash content of the incinerator, adjusting the air volume to be lower than the designed air volume of the incinerator;

2) calculating the water supply flow according to the heat value of the garbage entering the furnace and the weight of the garbage in the furnace, wherein the water supply flow is calculated by the following formula:

X＝Q×η/△h，

Q＝q×m，

wherein Q is total heat of the garbage entering the boiler, eta is boiler efficiency, delta h is steam enthalpy drop, X is water supply flow, Q is heat value of the garbage entering the boiler, and m is the quality of the garbage entering the boiler;

3) adjusting the running speed of the fire grate according to the heat value of the garbage entering the furnace, and if the heat value of the garbage entering the furnace is higher than the designed heat value of the incinerator, adjusting the running speed of the fire grate to be lower than the preset running speed of the fire grate; if the heat value of the garbage entering the incinerator is lower than the designed heat value of the incinerator, the operating speed of the fire grate is adjusted to be higher than the preset operating speed of the fire grate.

Preferably, in step S4, the calorific value of the garbage charged into the furnace is obtained by the following calculation formula:

q＝q1×R1+q2×R2+q3×R3+...qi×Ri

wherein q is the heat value of the garbage entering the furnace, and R is the mass ratio of certain types of garbage to the garbage entering the furnace.

Preferably, in step S4, the water content of the garbage entering the furnace is obtained by the following calculation formula:

H＝H1×R1+H2×R2+H3×R3+...Hi×Ri

wherein H is the moisture content of the garbage entering the furnace, and R is the mass ratio of certain types of garbage to the garbage entering the furnace.

Preferably, in step S4, the fixed carbon of the garbage charged into the furnace is obtained by the following calculation formula:

C＝C1×R1+C2×R2+C3×R3+...Ci×Ri

wherein C is the fixed carbon of the garbage entering the furnace, and R is the mass ratio of certain garbage to the garbage entering the furnace.

Preferably, in step S4, the ash content of the garbage entering the furnace is obtained by the following calculation formula:

A＝A1×R1+A2×R2+A3×R3+...Ai×Ri

wherein A is the ash content of the garbage entering the furnace, and R is the mass ratio of certain types of garbage to the garbage entering the furnace.

Preferably, in step S1, the LIBS detects the garbage before entering the incinerator to obtain the type of garbage entering the incinerator.

Preferably, the LIBS irradiates the garbage to be fired through laser pulses to obtain spectral characteristic parameters of the real-time garbage, and the type of the garbage is obtained through comparison and analysis with typical garbage laser-induced spectral characteristic parameters.

Preferably, in step S2, each sorted garbage is labeled by spraying a fluorescent marker or isotope.

Preferably, in step S3, the marked garbage is identified by the optical analyzer corresponding to the fluorescent marker and the elemental analyzer garbage corresponding to the isotope marker, and the type of garbage and the mass ratio of each type of garbage to the garbage in the furnace are obtained from the corresponding marker.

Preferably, in step S5, the air volume of the incinerator includes primary air and secondary air.

Due to the application of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

according to the method for predicting and feedforward controlling the waste incineration, the types and the mass ratio of each type of waste to the garbage in the incinerator are obtained after the waste is classified and marked in a refined mode, the parameters such as the heat value, the water content, the fixed carbon and the ash content of the garbage in the incinerator are obtained based on the data, the boiler combustion parameters are adjusted in advance based on the parameters, prejudgment of the combustion condition is achieved, the problem of control lag is avoided, the combustion in the incinerator is optimized, the stable combustion of the incinerator is facilitated, and the economic, efficient and environment-friendly operation of a unit is guaranteed.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a garbage burning prediction and feedforward control method of the invention.

Detailed Description

The invention will be further described with reference to examples of embodiments shown in the drawings to which the invention is attached.

The device adopted by the garbage incineration prediction and feedforward control method provided by the invention comprises a discharge bin, a feeding belt, an LIBS, a server, a classification controller, a mechanical arm, a classification belt, a marker injection device, a marker identification device and a combustor controller.

The garbage incineration prediction and feedforward control method provided by the invention is shown in figure 1 and comprises the following steps:

s1, obtaining the type of the garbage entering the furnace; the method comprises the steps of preferably detecting garbage before entering an incinerator through LIBS to obtain the type of the garbage entering the incinerator, specifically, irradiating the garbage entering the incinerator through LIBS through laser pulses to obtain real-time spectral characteristic parameters of the garbage, and obtaining the type of the garbage through comparison and analysis with typical garbage laser-induced spectral characteristic parameters.

The specific implementation mode for obtaining the type of the garbage entering the furnace is as follows: the garbage entering the furnace is conveyed to a garbage power plant by a garbage truck, the garbage is unloaded to an unloading bin in an unloading hall, the designed capacity of the unloading bin can receive a vehicle of garbage, a feeding machine is arranged at the bottom of the unloading bin, the garbage is conveyed to a feeding belt, the garbage is slowly controlled to fall on the feeding belt through the feeding machine, the garbage can be distributed in a single layer mode, and the garbage can be conveniently detected through an LIBS.

The LIBS is widely applied to on-line detection of industrial fields, can be applied to multiple occasions such as analysis of heavy metals and coal quality in soil, detection of sewage and the like, is rapid in analysis, and can simultaneously analyze multiple elements and detect almost all solid samples.

Before detecting garbage entering a furnace, a database of laser-induced spectral characteristic parameters of typical garbage is established in advance, after garbage classification is implemented, garbage entering a plant of a garbage power plant mainly comprises plastic rubber, paper, wood bamboo and soil (ceramic tile and the like), and typical garbage samples are detected in advance to obtain the laser-induced spectral characteristic parameters.

The LIBS is arranged on the side face of the feeding belt, the laser pulse irradiates the garbage, the spectral characteristic parameters of the garbage can be obtained in real time, the spectral characteristic parameters are transmitted back to the server, and the type of the garbage is obtained through comparison and analysis with typical garbage laser induced spectral characteristic parameters in a database.

S2, classifying the garbage entering the furnace based on the garbage types, and marking each classified garbage; and (4) marking each classified garbage by spraying a fluorescent marker or isotope.

Specifically, after the server analyzes the garbage types, a classification instruction is issued to the classification controller, and the classification controller controls the mechanical arm to grab and place the garbage on the corresponding classification belt. There is marker injection apparatus classified belt top, through spraying fluorescence marker or isotope, marks rubbish, and the belt section at injection apparatus place is sealed, avoids on the injection thing spreads other belts, causes the mark inaccurate, and the marker volume is few and harmless, and the later stage does not have the influence to the boiler burning.

S3, mixing the marked garbage into the furnace, and then identifying to obtain the types of the garbage into the furnace and the mass ratio of each type of garbage to the garbage into the furnace; and identifying the marked garbage entering the furnace through the optical instrument corresponding to the fluorescent marker and the isotope marked corresponding element analyzer garbage, and obtaining the garbage types and the mass ratio of each type of garbage to the garbage entering the furnace through the corresponding marker.

Specifically, after being marked on the classification belt, the garbage is converged and then sent to a garbage storage cavity to be mixed, and then is grabbed by a crane and a garbage grab bucket to be placed on a feeding device, and the garbage incinerator is carried out through the feeding device. At the moment, the garbage is identified by the marker identification device, the marker can be identified by the optical instrument corresponding to the fluorescent marker and/or the element analysis instrument corresponding to the isotope label, and the type and the proportion of the garbage are obtained by the corresponding marker. After the real-time data of the garbage types are transmitted to the server, the server can calculate the real-time parameters of the garbage entering the furnace according to the heat value, the water content and the like of the typical garbage.

S4, calculating one or more parameters including the heat value, the water content, the fixed carbon and the ash content of the garbage entering the furnace based on the type and the mass ratio of the garbage entering the furnace;

the classification of the domestic garbage is classified according to recyclable garbage, kitchen garbage, harmful garbage and other garbage, wherein only the other garbage is garbage used for incineration power generation.

Other kinds of garbage are complicated, including some non-recyclable paper and rubber-plastic garbage besides ceramic, tiles, wood and bamboo, etc., and for example, toilet paper, diaper, wet and dirty paper, wet and dirty plastic, etc. are non-recyclable and need to be burnt. Therefore, after the garbage classification management, the ratio of paper and rubber in the household garbage is greatly reduced, but a high ratio is still expected.

An example of this is to first analyze the physicochemical properties of a typical garbage, as shown in the following table:

TABLE 1 typical household garbage physical Properties

Item	Calorific value (MJ/kg)	Water content (%)	Fixed carbon (%)	Ash (%)
					Plastic rubber	32.35	13	47	13
Paper products	14.65	25	46	5
					Wood and bamboo products	16.53	27	52	2
Ashes	0	4	25	45

In practical application, after the garbage is identified on the feeding device, the occupation ratios of different types of garbage can be obtained, and if the occupation ratios of plastics, paper, wood, bamboo and soil are respectively 0.55%, 0.32%, 8% and 5%, the parameters of the garbage, such as heat value, water content, fixed carbon, ash content and the like, are weighted and averaged, so that the main parameters of the garbage fed into the furnace in real time can be obtained.

1) The heat value of the garbage fed into the furnace is obtained by the following calculation formula:

q＝q1×R1+q2×R2+q3×R3+...qi×Ri

wherein q is the heat value (unit: MJ/kg) of the garbage entering the furnace, and R is the mass ratio of certain types of garbage to the garbage entering the furnace.

According to the data provided in table 1, the calorific value of the garbage charged into the furnace is calculated by the following formula:

q＝q_{plastic cement}×R_{Plastic cement}+q_Paper×R_Paper+q_{Wood bamboo}×R_{Wood bamboo}+q_{Lime soil}×R_{Lime soil}

The heat value of the real-time garbage fed into the furnace is (unit: MJ/kg):

calorific value q is 32.35 × 0.55+14.65 × 0.32+16.53 × 0.08+0 × 0.05 is 23.80 MJ/kg.

2) The water content of the garbage entering the furnace is obtained by the following calculation formula:

H＝H1×R1+H2×R2+H3×R3+...Hi×Ri

wherein H is the moisture content of the garbage entering the furnace (unit:%), and R is the mass ratio of certain garbage to the garbage entering the furnace.

According to the data provided in table 1, the water content of the garbage entering the furnace is obtained by the following calculation formula:

H＝H_{plastic cement}×R_{Plastic cement}+H_Paper×R_Paper+H_{Wood bamboo}×R_{Wood bamboo}+H_{Lime soil}×R_{Lime soil}

The water content H was 13% × 0.55+ 25% × 0.32+ 27% × 0.08+ 4% × 0.05 ═ 18%.

3) The furnace-entering garbage fixed carbon is obtained by the following calculation formula:

C＝C1×R1+C2×R2+C3×R3+...Ci×Ri

wherein C is fixed carbon (unit:%) of the garbage entering the furnace, and R is the mass ratio of certain garbage to the garbage entering the furnace.

According to the data provided in table 1, the fixed carbon of the garbage charged into the furnace is obtained by the following calculation formula:

C＝C_{plastic cement}×R_{Plastic cement}+C_Paper×R_Paper+C_{Wood bamboo}×R_{Wood bamboo}+C_{Lime soil}×R_{Lime soil}

Fixed carbon C is 47% x 0.55+ 46% x 0.32+ 52% x 0.08+ 25% x 0.05% 46%.

4) The ash content of the garbage entering the furnace is obtained by the following calculation formula:

A＝A1×R1+A2×R2+A3×R3+...Ai×Ri

wherein A is the ash content of the garbage entering the furnace (unit:%), and R is the mass ratio of certain garbage to the garbage entering the furnace.

According to the data provided in table 1, the ash content of the incoming refuse is obtained by the following calculation formula:

A＝A_{plastic cement}×R_{Plastic cement}+A_Paper×R_Paper+A_{Wood bamboo}×R_{Wood bamboo}+A_{Lime soil}×R_{Lime soil}

Ash a-11% x 13.55 + 5% x 0.32+ 2% x 0.08+ 45% x 0.05.

After the main parameters of the real-time garbage entering the incinerator are calculated, the deviation of the design values of the incinerator can be known through comparison with the design parameters of the garbage incinerator, and therefore the parameters of the operating system of the garbage incinerator are adjusted and controlled.

The classification is an example, and the classification can be changed according to different garbage classification progresses in different regions, for example, if some urban kitchen garbage disposal facilities are not in place, part of kitchen garbage still needs to be sent to a garbage incinerator for burning, and then only data in a server needs to be replaced. Even if the garbage is of the same kind, typical physical characteristic parameters of the garbage also change in different regions and seasons, and the data can be updated and modified in the server according to actual conditions so as to adapt to the actual conditions.

After the main parameters of the real-time garbage entering the incinerator are calculated, the parameters of an incinerator operation system are controlled, the parameter control strategy is described below, and corresponding adjustment is carried out according to the design parameters of different garbage incinerators in the actual process.

S5, adjusting one or more parameters of air quantity, water supply flow and grate running speed of the incinerator according to the obtained parameters of the garbage entering the incinerator, wherein the adjustment comprises the following steps:

1) according to the heat value, the water content, the fixed carbon and the ash content of the garbage entering the furnace, adjusting the air volume:

if the heat value of the garbage entering the furnace is higher than the designed heat value of the incinerator, and/or the fixed carbon of the garbage entering the furnace is higher than the designed fixed carbon of the incinerator, and/or the heat value of the garbage entering the furnace is higher than the designed heat value of the incinerator, and/or the water content and the ash content of the garbage entering the furnace are respectively lower than the designed water content of the incinerator and the designed ash content of the incinerator, adjusting the air volume to be higher than the designed air volume of the incinerator; if the air quantity is not enough, insufficient oxygen participates in combustion, the combustion is not thorough, the boiler efficiency is reduced, black smoke is generated, harmful substances are not thoroughly burnt, and the generation amount of dioxin is increased.

If the heat value of the garbage entering the incinerator is lower than the designed heat value of the incinerator, and/or the fixed carbon of the garbage entering the incinerator is lower than the designed fixed carbon of the incinerator, and/or the water content and the ash content are respectively higher than the designed water content of the incinerator and the designed ash content of the incinerator, adjusting the air volume to be lower than the designed air volume of the incinerator; wherein, the air volume of the incinerator comprises primary air and secondary air. If the air quantity is too high, then surplus air exists in the hearth, on one hand, the air can increase the flue gas flow speed, on the other hand, the combustion temperature can be reduced, the combustion efficiency is low, and the exhaust gas quantity and the combustion heat loss are increased.

The air volume comprises primary air volume and secondary air volume, the air volume adjustment is the primary air volume and/or the secondary air volume, and the primary air volume is preferably adjusted.

The fixed carbon is a heat value source, the heat value is high when the fixed carbon value is high, the heat value is low when the fixed carbon value is low, and the fixed carbon and the heat value have the same influence on the parameters of the incinerator.

The heat value, the water content, the fixed carbon and the ash content of the garbage entering the furnace have great influence on complete and sufficient combustion, the higher the heat value and the fixed carbon is, the more sufficient and more favorable the combustion is, and the water content and the ash content have adverse effects.

2) Calculating the water supply flow according to the heat value of the garbage entering the furnace and the weight of the garbage in the furnace, wherein the water supply flow is calculated by the following formula:

X＝Q×η/△h，

Q＝q×m，

wherein Q is total heat of the garbage entering the boiler, eta is boiler efficiency, delta h is steam enthalpy drop, X is water supply flow, Q is heat value of the garbage entering the boiler, and m is the quality of the garbage entering the boiler.

First, the server can calculate Q total heat (KJ) of the garbage entering the furnace according to the calorific value Q of the garbage entering the furnace (obtained by step S4) and the incineration amount (the mass of the garbage entering the furnace, which is expressed in kilograms), the boiler efficiency is the design efficiency of the boiler, the enthalpy drop of the steam is a known parameter, and the feed water flow rate, namely how much heat the water absorbs can be obtained according to the formula, so as to control the feed water flow rate, and if the feed water flow rate is too low or too high, the temperature parameter of the steam finally deviates from the design value, which affects the efficiency of the incinerator and is not economical.

3) Adjusting the running speed of the fire grate according to the heat value of the garbage entering the furnace, and if the heat value of the garbage entering the furnace is higher than the designed heat value of the incinerator, adjusting the running speed of the fire grate to be lower than the preset running speed of the fire grate; if the heat value of the garbage entering the incinerator is lower than the designed heat value of the incinerator, the operating speed of the fire grate is adjusted to be higher than the preset operating speed of the fire grate.

The running speed of the fire grate has great influence in the process of burning the garbage, when the heat value of the garbage entering the furnace is higher, the garbage needs to be ensured to stay on the fire grate for enough time to react with oxygen at the moment, so the running speed of the fire grate needs to be set at a slower level (the running speed of the fire grate is lower than the running speed of a preset fire grate), if the running speed is higher at the moment, the garbage can be discharged from the furnace without being fully burned, and the combustion heat loss is large. When the calorific value of the garbage entering the furnace is lower, the garbage can be burnt quickly, so the running speed of the fire grate can be set at a higher level (the running speed of the fire grate is higher than the preset running speed of the fire grate), and if the running speed is too slow at the moment, the garbage is burnt completely, heat cannot be provided, and the burning efficiency is low.

In step S4, after the type and the proportion of the garbage entering the furnace are obtained, the real-time data of the type and the proportion of the garbage are transmitted to the server, the server can calculate the real-time parameters of the garbage entering the furnace according to the heat value, the water content, the fixed carbon, the ash content and the like of the typical garbage, and feed the calculated parameters back to the burner controller, and the burner controller adjusts the air volume (primary air and/or secondary air), the water supply flow, the grate operating speed and the like of the boiler in advance according to the real-time parameters of the garbage entering the furnace, thereby realizing the feed-forward control of combustion.

The garbage incineration prediction and feedforward control method provided by the invention can be used for finely classifying and analyzing the garbage entering the furnace through LIBS identification, and realizing the marking of each type of garbage through a method of spraying different markers (a fluorescent tracing or isotope marking method) to different types of garbage. Before the garbage enters the incinerator hearth to be incinerated, the type and the mass ratio of the garbage entering the incinerator are judged by detecting the markers, main data (heat value, water content, fixed carbon and ash content) of the garbage entering the incinerator in real time are obtained through calculation, and the combustion parameters (air quantity, water supply flow, grate running speed and the like of the incinerator) of the incinerator are adjusted in advance based on the parameters, so that the prejudgment of the combustion condition is realized, the problem of control lag is avoided, the combustion in the incinerator is optimized, the stable combustion of the incinerator is facilitated, and the economic, efficient and environment-friendly operation of a unit is ensured. Through adjustment, the combustion stability, the burnout rate, the pollutant discharge, the production and operation economy, the steam yield and the like of the garbage entering the furnace are facilitated.

According to the garbage incineration prediction and feedforward control method provided by the invention, the garbage is finely classified through LIBS identification, tracking is realized through marker marking, and real-time data of the garbage entering the boiler is obtained through analysis and calculation before entering the boiler, so that the combustion parameters of the boiler are adjusted in advance, the prediction of the combustion condition is realized, and stable combustion is facilitated.

The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical ideas and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.