阅读说明：本技术 聚氨酯和产生聚氨酯的方法 (Polyurethane and method for producing polyurethane ) 是由 K·A·帕坦卡 A·拉古拉曼 T·P·维拉姆斯塔德 M·F·索南夏因 J·亨宁 H·A·斯 于 2019-09-17 设计创作，主要内容包括：公开了聚氨酯,所述聚氨酯按一次进料法从一种或多种具有至少350的羟基当量的多元醇产生,其中至少50％重量的iii)是含羟基的环氧丙烷聚合物,所述含羟基的环氧丙烷聚合物具有至少350的羟基当量、平均每分子1.8至3个羟基,所述羟基中40％至70％为伯羟基、基于所述聚合物的重量按重量计不大于10％的氧乙烯含量和1.175或更小的多分散度。所述聚氨酯表现出优异的机械特性,高度吸湿并且快速固化。(Polyurethanes produced in a one-shot process from one or more polyols having a hydroxyl equivalent weight of at least 350 are disclosed, wherein at least 50% by weight of iii) is a hydroxyl group-containing propylene oxide polymer having a hydroxyl equivalent weight of at least 350, an average of from 1.8 to 3 hydroxyl groups per molecule, from 40% to 70% of the hydroxyl groups being primary hydroxyl groups, an oxyethylene content of not more than 10% by weight based on the weight of the polymer, and a polydispersity of 1.175 or less. The polyurethanes exhibit excellent mechanical properties, are highly hygroscopic and cure rapidly.)

1. A polyurethane which is the reaction product of a reaction mixture comprising: i) one or more polyisocyanates, ii) one or more chain extenders and/or crosslinkers and iii) one or more polyols having a hydroxyl equivalent weight of at least 350, wherein at least 50% by weight of iii) is a hydroxyl group-containing propylene oxide polymer having a hydroxyl equivalent weight of at least 350, an average of from 1.8 to 3 hydroxyl groups per molecule, from 40% to 70% of the hydroxyl groups being primary hydroxyl groups, an oxyethylene content of not more than 10% by weight based on the weight of the polymer and a polydispersity of 1.175 or less.

2. The polyurethane of claim 1 having a hard segment content of 15 to 60% by weight.

3. The polyurethane of claim 1 or 2 wherein the hydroxyl-containing propylene oxide polymer has a hydroxyl equivalent weight of 400 to 3000, an average of 2 to 2.5 hydroxyl groups per molecule, an oxyethylene content of no more than 2% and a polydispersity of 1.00 to 1.16.

4. The polyurethane of claim 1 or 2 wherein the hydroxyl group-containing propylene oxide polymer has a hydroxyl equivalent weight of 400 to 2000, an average of 2 to 2.5 hydroxyl groups per molecule, 45% to 65% of the hydroxyl groups being primary hydroxyl groups, an oxyethylene content of no more than 1%, and a polydispersity of 1.00 to 1.15.

5. The polyurethane of any of claims 1-4, wherein the hydroxyl-containing propylene oxide polymer is produced by polymerizing propylene oxide in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst having the general formula:

M(R¹)₁(R²)₁(R³)₁(R⁴)₀or₁

Wherein M is boron, aluminum, indium, bismuth or erbium, R¹Is a fluoroalkyl-substituted phenyl group, and R²And R³Each is fluoroalkyl-substituted phenyl, fluoro-substituted phenyl, chloro-substituted phenyl or fluoro-and chloro-substituted phenyl, with the proviso that R¹、R²And R³Are not all identical, and R⁴Is a functional group or a functional polymer group.

6. A polyurethane according to any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein the hydroxyl-containing propylene oxide polymer contains up to 1.5 mole% acetal, based on the moles of carbon atoms in the hydroxyl-containing propylene oxide polymer.

7. The polyurethane of any of claims 1-6, wherein the one or more polyisocyanates have an isocyanate equivalent weight of 80 to 200.

8. A polyurethane according to any one of claims 1 to 7 wherein component ii) comprises one or more hydroxyl terminated chain extenders and/or crosslinkers.

9. The polyurethane of claim 8, wherein component ii) comprises one or more of: 1, 2-ethanediol, 1, 2-propanediol or 1, 3-propanediol, 1, 4-butanediol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, and alkoxylates of any of the foregoing having a hydroxyl equivalent weight of less than 175.

10. A polyurethane according to claim 9 or 10, wherein component ii) comprises one or more of: glycerol, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolethane, erythritol, pentaerythritol, triethanolamine, diethanolamine, and alkoxylates of any of the foregoing having a hydroxyl equivalent weight of less than 175.

11. A one-shot process for producing polyurethane, the process comprising forming a reaction mixture comprising the following components: i) one or more polyisocyanates, wherein the one or more polyisocyanates have a number average isocyanate equivalent weight of no greater than 200; and an isocyanate-reactive material comprising ii) at least one chain extender and/or at least one cross-linker and iii) one or more polyols having a hydroxyl equivalent weight of at least 350, wherein at least 50% by weight of iii) is a propylene oxide polymer containing hydroxyl groups, the propylene oxide polymer having a hydroxyl equivalent weight of at least 350, an average of from 1.8 to 3 hydroxyl groups per molecule, at least 40% of the hydroxyl groups being primary hydroxyl groups, an oxyethylene content of not more than 10% by weight based on the weight of the polymer and a polydispersity of 1.175 or less; and curing the reaction mixture in one step and in the presence of no more than 5% solvent based on the weight of the reaction mixture to form the polyurethane, wherein the one or more polyisocyanates and the at least one chain extender and/or at least one crosslinker together comprise from 15% to 60% of the combined total weight of the one or more polyisocyanates and isocyanate-reactive materials.

12. The process of claim 1 wherein the hydroxyl-containing propylene oxide polymer is produced by polymerizing propylene oxide in the presence of a lewis acid catalyst having the general formula:

M(R¹)₁(R²)₁(R³)₁(R⁴)₀or₁

Wherein M is boron, aluminum, indium, bismuth or erbium, R¹Is a fluoroalkyl-substituted phenyl group, and R²And R³Each is fluoroalkyl-substituted phenyl, fluoro-substituted phenyl, chloro-substituted phenyl or fluoro-and chloro-substituted phenyl, with the provisoProvided that R is¹、R²And R³Are not all identical, and R⁴Is a functional group or a functional polymer group.