阅读说明：本技术 一种植物标本保色方法 (Color retention method for plant specimen ) 是由 赵韦 张露 刘丹丹 于 2020-12-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种植物标本保色方法,包括植物标本保色前准备,植物标本保色处理。植物标本保色处理包括在500-1500ml水中加入1g-15g碳酸氢钠,搅拌均匀,配制成保色液,根据绿叶类型,将保色液加热至30℃-100℃,保色时间为10s-5min,随后放入冷水中冷却,冷却时间为3min-8min,吸干叶片上的水分后进行压制。本发明保色效果好,操作简便可广泛适用于草质叶类植物绿叶、膜质叶类植物绿叶、革质叶类植物绿叶和肉质叶类植物绿叶的保色,解决了因植物叶片中叶绿素易消退,导致植物标本的绿叶退色的问题,并实现了植物标本绿叶颜色的长期保持,提高了植物标本的科研价值、艺术价值和观赏价值。(The invention discloses a color preserving method for a plant specimen, which comprises the steps of preparing the plant specimen before color preserving and carrying out color preserving treatment on the plant specimen. The color preservation treatment of the plant specimen comprises the steps of adding 1g-15g of sodium bicarbonate into 500-1500ml of water, uniformly stirring to prepare a color preservation solution, heating the color preservation solution to 30-100 ℃ according to the type of green leaves, preserving the color for 10s-5min, then putting the solution into cold water for cooling for 3min-8min, and pressing after absorbing water on the leaves. The invention has good color retention effect, is simple and convenient to operate, can be widely applied to color retention of green leaves of grass leaf plants, film leaf plants, leather leaf plants and fleshy leaf plants, solves the problem of color fading of green leaves of plant specimens caused by easy fading of chlorophyll in plant leaves, realizes long-term retention of the color of the green leaves of the plant specimens, and improves the scientific research value, the artistic value and the ornamental value of the plant specimens.)

1. A plant specimen color preserving method comprises the preparation before the color preservation of the plant specimen and the color preservation treatment of the plant specimen, and is characterized in that:

the preparation before color preservation of the plant specimen specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) collecting young or newly grown new leaves, wherein branches and leaves need to grow well without damage or rusty spots;

(2) trimming or cutting thick stems and barbed stems;

(3) removing the green leaves of the plants with dense green leaves according to the growth characteristics of the green leaves;

the color preserving treatment of the plant specimen specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) adding 1-15 g of sodium bicarbonate into 500-1500ml of water, and uniformly stirring to prepare a color retention solution;

(2) heating the color retention solution to 30-100 ℃ according to the type of the green leaves;

(3) placing fresh plant green leaves into color retention solution for 10s-5 min;

(4) cooling the plant leaves treated by the color retention solution in cold water for 3-8 min;

(5) fishing out the cooled plant leaves, and sucking water on the leaves by using absorbent paper;

(6) the plant leaves are compressed.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: the dosage of water in the color retention solution is 800 ml.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the color of the plant specimen is maintained by: the green leaf types comprise green leaves of herbaceous leafy plants, film leafy plants, leathery leafy plants and fleshy leafy plants; when the green leaves are grass-leaf plants, the color retention solution is prepared by 800ml of water and 1.5g of sodium bicarbonate, and is heated to 40-50 ℃ for 15 s; when the green leaves are membranous leaf plants, the color retention solution is prepared by 800ml of water and 2g of sodium bicarbonate, and is heated to 30-40 ℃ for 10 s; when the green leaves are the green leaves of the leathery leaf plants, the color retention solution is prepared by 800ml of water and 13g of sodium bicarbonate, and is heated to 90-100 ℃ for 4 min; when the green leaf is fleshy leafy plant, the color retention solution is prepared from 800ml of water and 8g of sodium bicarbonate, and is heated to 70-80 ℃ for 2.5 min.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the color of the plant specimen is maintained by: the cooling time is 5 min.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the color of the plant specimen is maintained by: the pressing specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) when the specimen is pressed, the specimen is placed on the straw paper, the shape of the specimen is arranged, and the leaves are unfolded as much as possible, so that the shape of the front and back leaves can be seen from the same specimen;

(2) in order to avoid the adhesion of the flower part and the straw paper, the flower part can be covered by toilet paper;

(3) separating with hard board, corrugated aluminum plate, stacking several specimens from top to bottom, and fixing with splint.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of preparation of plant specimens, in particular to a color preservation method for plant specimens.

Background

The plant specimen is a teaching material capable of visually expressing the shape and the characteristics of the plant, is a material basis for plant classification work, and is also an important basis for protecting the quality of the plant and identifying the species of the plant. After the prepared specimen is stored for a period of time, green leaves can be browned, so that many precious specimens lack scientific research value and ornamental value. The green color of the plant is caused by that the chloroplast of the plant contains chlorophyll which is a complex organic compound, the center of the molecular structure of the chlorophyll contains a metal magnesium atom, and the reason that the chlorophyll is easy to fade in the plant leaves due to the core structure containing the magnesium atom, so that the green leaves of the plant specimen are faded. Therefore, the invention provides a plant specimen color-keeping method, which needs to carry out color-keeping treatment on green leaves of plants in order to keep the leaves green for a long time.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide the color preservation method for the plant specimen, so that the plant specimen keeps green leaves for a long time, and the practical value, the artistic value and the ornamental value of the plant specimen are improved.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows:

a plant specimen color preserving method comprises the preparation before the color preservation of the plant specimen and the color preservation treatment of the plant specimen, and is characterized in that:

the preparation before color preservation of the plant specimen specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) collecting young or newly grown new leaves, wherein branches and leaves need to grow well without damage or rusty spots;

(2) trimming or cutting thick stems and barbed stems;

(3) removing the green leaves of the plants with dense green leaves according to the growth characteristics of the green leaves;

the color preserving treatment of the plant specimen specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) adding 1-15 g of sodium bicarbonate into 500-1500ml of water, and uniformly stirring to prepare a color retention solution;

(2) heating the color retention solution to 30-100 ℃ according to the type of the green leaves;

(3) placing fresh plant green leaves into color retention solution for 10s-5 min;

(4) cooling the plant leaves treated by the color retention solution in cold water for 3-8 min;

(5) fishing out the cooled plant leaves, and sucking water on the leaves by using absorbent paper;

(6) the plant leaves are compressed.

Moreover, the dosage of water in the color retention solution is 800 ml.

Also, the green leaf types include grassy leafy plant green leaves, membranous leafy plant green leaves, leathery leafy plant green leaves, and fleshy leafy plant green leaves; when the green leaves are grass-leaf plants, the color retention solution is prepared by 800ml of water and 1.5g of sodium bicarbonate, and is heated to 40-50 ℃ for 15 s; when the green leaves are membranous leaf plants, the color retention solution is prepared by 800ml of water and 2g of sodium bicarbonate, and is heated to 30-40 ℃ for 10 s; when the green leaves are the green leaves of the leathery leaf plants, the color retention solution is prepared by 800ml of water and 13g of sodium bicarbonate, and is heated to 90-100 ℃ for 4 min; when the green leaf is fleshy leafy plant, the color retention solution is prepared from 800ml of water and 8g of sodium bicarbonate, and is heated to 70-80 ℃ for 2.5 min.

Also, the cooling time was 5 min.

Moreover, the pressing specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) when the specimen is pressed, the specimen is placed on the straw paper, the shape of the specimen is arranged, and the leaves are unfolded as much as possible, so that the shape of the front and back leaves can be seen from the same specimen;

(2) in order to avoid the adhesion of the flower part and the straw paper, the flower part can be covered by toilet paper;

(3) separating with hard board, corrugated aluminum plate, stacking several specimens from top to bottom, and fixing with splint.

The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:

1. the invention provides a plant specimen color-preserving method, which is different from the prior art that the magnesium ions in chlorophyll are replaced by copper ions, so that the plant specimen generates a 'false green' phenomenon.

2. The invention provides a plant specimen color-preserving method, which can select corresponding sodium bicarbonate dosage, color-preserving liquid temperature and color-preserving time according to green leaf types, and ensure that a better color-preserving effect is realized.

3. The invention provides a plant cost-keeping and color-keeping method which is wide in application range, can be applied to color keeping of green leaves of grass leaf plants, film leaf plants, leather leaf plants and meat leaf plants, and is small in leaf browning rate change after long-time storage, so that long-term keeping of the color of the green leaves of a plant specimen can be realized, and scientific research value, artistic value and ornamental value of the plant specimen are improved.

4. The method has the advantages of simple and convenient technical operation, easily obtained required materials, low cost and short treatment process, and provides theoretical and practical basis for color preservation of green leaves of plant specimens.

Detailed Description

In order to further understand the contents, features and effects of the present invention, the following examples are given below for illustration. It should be noted that the present embodiment is illustrative, not restrictive, and the scope of the invention should not be limited thereby.

The experimental methods used in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the materials, reagents and the like used are commercially available unless otherwise specified.

In order to evaluate the color retention effect of the invention on the color of the original green leaves of the plant, the color difference meter is adopted to measure the color of the fresh green leaves without the prepared specimens, the color of the green leaves with the prepared plant specimens, the color of the green leaves stored for N months or years and the color change of the green leaves after the color retention of the invention, the color difference measurement adopts a CIB color appearance system, the color of the fresh green leaves without the prepared specimens is taken as a standard, the green leaves with the prepared plant specimens, the green leaves stored for N months or years and the L, a and b values of the green leaves after the color retention of the invention are measured to obtain delta L, delta a and delta b, the color difference delta E is calculated, and the calculation formula is deltaThe larger the Δ E value, the larger the color difference.

Chlorophyll in the plant leaves is easy to fade away, so that the green leaves are browned, and the plant specimen can keep the green leaves for a long time after the color preservation treatment is carried out on the fresh green leaves by adopting the invention.

Leaf browning rate (leaf color difference value when the leaf is pressed into a specimen after being preserved for N months or years-color preservation treatment), leaf color difference value when the leaf is pressed into a specimen after color preservation treatment, and leaf color difference value multiplied by 100 percent.

Example 1

A plant specimen color preserving method comprises the preparation before the color preservation of the plant specimen and the color preservation treatment of the plant specimen, and is characterized in that:

the preparation before color preservation of the plant specimen specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) collecting young or newly grown new leaves, wherein branches and leaves need to grow well without damage or rusty spots;

(2) trimming or cutting thick stems and barbed stems;

(3) removing the green leaves of the plants with dense green leaves according to the growth characteristics of the green leaves;

the color preserving treatment of the plant specimen specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) adding 1-15 g of sodium bicarbonate into 500-1500ml of water, and uniformly stirring to prepare a color retention solution;

(2) heating the color retention solution to 30-100 ℃ according to the type of the green leaves;

(3) placing fresh plant green leaves into color retention solution for 10s-5 min;

(4) cooling the plant leaves treated by the color retention solution in cold water for 3-8 min;

(5) fishing out the cooled plant leaves, and sucking water on the leaves by using absorbent paper;

(6) the plant leaves are compressed.

In this embodiment, the amount of water in the color retention solution is 800 ml.

In this embodiment, the green leaf types include grassy leafy plant green leaves, membranous leafy plant green leaves, leathery leafy plant green leaves, and fleshy leafy plant green leaves; when the green leaves are grass-leaf plants, the color retention solution is prepared by using 800ml of water and 1.5g of sodium bicarbonate, and is heated to 45 ℃ for 15 s; when the green leaves are membranous leaf plants, the color retention solution is prepared by 800ml of water and 2g of sodium bicarbonate, and is heated to 30 ℃ for 10 s; when the green leaves are the green leaves of the leathery leaf plants, the color retention solution is prepared by 800ml of water and 13g of sodium bicarbonate, and is heated to 100 ℃ for 4 min; when the green leaf is fleshy leafy plant, the color retention solution is prepared from 800ml water and 8g sodium bicarbonate, and heated to 75 deg.C for 2.5 min.

In this embodiment, the cooling time is 3 min.

In this embodiment, the pressing specifically includes the following steps:

(1) when the specimen is pressed, the specimen is placed on the straw paper, the shape of the specimen is arranged, and the leaves are unfolded as much as possible, so that the shape of the front and back leaves can be seen from the same specimen;

(2) in order to avoid the adhesion of the flower part and the straw paper, the flower part can be covered by toilet paper;

(3) separating with hard board, corrugated aluminum plate, stacking several specimens from top to bottom, and fixing with splint.

Example 2

The invention is used for carrying out color preservation treatment on the front of the flatcar.

Plantago depressa Willd, Plantago depressa, commonly known as Plantago asiatica. Annual or biennial herbs. Long straight root with most lateral root and much meat. The rhizome is short. The leaf base is shaped like a rosette and is horizontally laid, obliquely unfolded or vertically erected; the leaf blade is made of paper, and is in the shape of an ellipse, an ellipse with a needle or an oval with a needle, and the base of the petiole is enlarged into a sheath shape. The inflorescence peduncle has longitudinal stripes and is used for thinning white short and soft hair; spike-like inflorescence is in a fine cylindrical shape. Calyx is hairless, corolla is white, and there is no hair. The stamen grows on the inner surface of the crown tube near the top, the same style of flower column extends obviously, the anther is oval or wide oval, white or green white when fresh, and becomes light brown after being dried. Ovule 5. The capsule egg-shaped ellipse to the cone-shaped oval. 4-5 parts of seeds, which are oval, flat in ventral surface, and yellow brown to black; the cotyledons are arranged dorsifledly. The flowering period is 5-7 months, and the fruit period is 7-9 months.

The invention provides a color preserving method for a plant specimen, which comprises the steps of preparing the plant specimen before color preserving and carrying out color preserving treatment on the plant specimen, and is characterized in that:

the preparation before color preservation of the plant specimen specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) collecting young or newly grown new leaves, wherein branches and leaves need to grow well without damage or rusty spots;

(2) trimming or cutting thick stems and barbed stems;

(3) removing the green leaves of the plants with dense green leaves according to the growth characteristics of the green leaves;

the color preserving treatment of the plant specimen specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) adding 1.5g of sodium bicarbonate into 800ml of water, and uniformly stirring to prepare a color retention solution;

(2) heating the color retention solution to 45 ℃ according to the type of green leaves;

(3) putting fresh plant green leaves into color retention solution, wherein the color retention time is 15 s;

(4) cooling the plant leaves treated by the color retention solution in cold water for 3 min;

(5) fishing out the cooled plant leaves, and sucking water on the leaves by using absorbent paper;

(6) the plant leaves are compressed.

In this embodiment, the amount of water in the color retention solution is 800 ml.

In this embodiment, the green leaf is a green leaf of a herbaceous leafy plant; when the green leaves are grass-leaf plants, the color retention solution is prepared by using 800ml of water and 1.5g of sodium bicarbonate, and is heated to 45 ℃ for 15 s;

in this embodiment, the cooling time is 3 min.

In this embodiment, the pressing specifically includes the following steps:

(1) when the specimen is pressed, the specimen is placed on the straw paper, the shape of the specimen is arranged, and the leaves are unfolded as much as possible, so that the shape of the front and back leaves can be seen from the same specimen;

(2) in order to avoid the adhesion of the flower part and the straw paper, the flower part can be covered by toilet paper;

(3) separating with hard board, corrugated aluminum plate, stacking several specimens from top to bottom, and fixing with splint.

Comparative example 1: the color preserving treatment of the plant specimen specifically comprises the following steps: adding crystallized copper acetate into 50% acetic acid gradually until the copper acetate is not dissolved, adding water into the stock solution to dilute the stock solution to 3-4 times, heating and boiling, then putting the specimen in the stock solution, bleaching chlorophyll, and gradually recovering the green color after about 3-4 min until the original color is close to the original color, wherein other steps are the same as those in example 2.

Comparative example 2. the color preservation treatment of the plant specimen specifically comprises the following steps:

preparing a color fixing solution by adopting 1.5g of sodium hydroxide and 800ml of water, heating the color fixing solution to 45 ℃, keeping the color for 15s, then putting the color fixing solution into cold water for cooling for 3min, and pressing after absorbing water on the leaves, wherein other steps are the same as those in the embodiment 2.

Collecting 18 Plantago planisporus plants, ensuring that the shapes, the colors and the sizes of the plants are basically the same, numbering 1-6, treating by adopting the color preservation method of comparative example 1, numbering 7-12, treating by adopting the color preservation method of comparative example 2, numbering 13-18, and performing color preservation treatment by adopting the method provided by the invention.

The color difference values of the fresh leaves in the front of No. 1-18 planets are measured by a color difference meter (the shape, the size and the color of the measured leaves are basically the same) and are used as standard values. Then measuring the color difference value of leaves of No. 1-18 after color preservation treatment and pressing into a specimen, pressing into the specimen for 6 months, pressing into the specimen for 12 months, and pressing into the specimen for 24 months. The specific implementation results are shown in tables 1, 2 and 3.

TABLE 1 results of treatment by the color-maintaining method of comparative example 1

TABLE 2 results of color-maintaining treatment using comparative example 2

TABLE 3 results of color preservation method of the present invention

Plantago asiatica green leaves belong to green leaves of grass leaf plants, and the stems and leaves of the plants are soft, the leaves of the plants are thin, and the plants are easy to deteriorate and deform in the color retention treatment process. Comparative example 1 the color retention method is relatively troublesome to prepare, the branches and leaves of Plantago ovata forsk are tender and soft, the integrity of Plantago ovata forsk specimens is easily damaged after long-time boiling, the boiling time and the boiling temperature are difficult to control, the smell is irritating and unpleasant during boiling, the method is not good for human health, and the environment is polluted. Compared with the comparative example 1, the invention has good color retention effect on Plantago depressa Hance, and the invention only heats the color retention liquid to 45 ℃ for 15s, reduces the damage of high temperature to Plantago depressa Hance, and the average browning rate of the leaves of comparative examples 1-6 is 279% and the average browning rate of the leaves of No. 13-18 is 22.5% after the specimens are pressed for 6 months; after the pressed specimen is pressed for 12 months, the average browning rate of the comparative example No. 1-6 leaves is 475 percent, and the average value of the browning rate of the No. 13-18 leaves is 82.5 percent; the average browning rate of the comparative examples No. 1 to No. 6 leaves after being pressed into specimens for 24 months is 667%, and the average browning rate of the No. 13 to No. 18 leaves is 98.5%. The color retention treatment effect of the invention on green leaves is better than that of the treatment method of comparative example 1, and the browning rate of the leaves is maintained stable along with the time, which shows that the invention can keep the green leaves for a long time. Compared with the reagents and the operation steps required by the comparative example 1, the method has the advantages of less required reagents, simple and convenient operation, cost saving and capability of providing theoretical and practical basis for color preservation of the leaves of the plant specimen.

The only difference between comparative example 2 and the present invention is that sodium bicarbonate is used in the present invention, sodium hydroxide is used in comparative example 2, but from the experimental results, the average browning rate of the leaves of comparative examples 7-12 is 694% and the average of the browning rate of the leaves of comparative examples 13-18 is 22.5% after 6 months of pressing into specimens; after the pressed specimen is pressed for 12 months, the average browning rate of the comparative example No. 7-12 leaves is 1200%, and the average browning rate of the No. 13-18 leaves is 82.5%; the average browning rate of the comparative example No. 7-12 leaves after being pressed into a specimen for 24 months is 1648 percent, and the average browning rate of the No. 13-18 leaves is 98.5 percent. It can be seen that the method of comparative example 2 can not achieve the color retention effect, and the damage effect on the leaves of the Plantago depressa is obvious in the treatment process, while the color retention effect of the invention is obvious, and the leaves of the plant specimen can be kept green for a long time.

Example 3

The invention is utilized to carry out color preservation treatment on the green leaves of the common achyranthes herb.

Herba Polygoni Cymosi (Achyranthus aspera L.) is the whole herb of radix Achyranthis bidentatae of Amaranthaceae. Crude achyranthes root is a perennial or biennial upright herb with a height of about 1 meter. Stem multi-branched, mantle, cylindrical, purplish red, leaf-on-leaf, oval to elliptical or inverted oval. The spike-shaped inflorescence grows from the top, the capsule is fine and long, the persistent calyx is not exposed after being wrapped, the spike-shaped inflorescence grows from the top, the capsule is light brown, the length of the spike-shaped inflorescence is about 3 mm, and the persistent calyx grows from the flower axis. The flowering period is from summer and autumn to the next spring.

The invention provides a color preserving method for a plant specimen, which comprises the steps of preparing the plant specimen before color preserving and carrying out color preserving treatment on the plant specimen, and is characterized in that:

the preparation before color preservation of the plant specimen specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) collecting young or newly grown new leaves, wherein branches and leaves need to grow well without damage or rusty spots;

(2) trimming or cutting thick stems and barbed stems;

(3) removing the green leaves of the plants with dense green leaves according to the growth characteristics of the green leaves;

the color preserving treatment of the plant specimen specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) adding 2g of sodium bicarbonate into 800ml of water, and uniformly stirring to prepare a color retention solution;

(2) heating the color retention solution to 35 ℃ according to the type of green leaves;

(3) putting fresh plant green leaves into color retention solution, wherein the color retention time is 10 s;

(4) cooling the plant leaves treated by the color retention solution in cold water for 5 min;

(5) fishing out the cooled plant leaves, and sucking water on the leaves by using absorbent paper;

(6) the plant leaves are compressed.

In this embodiment, the amount of water in the color retention solution is 800 ml.

In this embodiment, the green leaf is a green leaf of a herbaceous leafy plant; when the green leaves are grass-leaf plants, the color retention solution is prepared by using 800ml of water and 2g of sodium bicarbonate, and is heated to 35 ℃ for 10 s;

in this embodiment, the cooling time is 5 min.

In this embodiment, the pressing specifically includes the following steps:

(1) when the specimen is pressed, the specimen is placed on the straw paper, the shape of the specimen is arranged, and the leaves are unfolded as much as possible, so that the shape of the front and back leaves can be seen from the same specimen;

(2) in order to avoid the adhesion of the flower part and the straw paper, the flower part can be covered by toilet paper;

(3) separating with hard board, corrugated aluminum plate, stacking several specimens from top to bottom, and fixing with splint.

Comparative example 3: the color preserving treatment of the plant specimen specifically comprises the following steps:

adding crystallized copper acetate into 50% acetic acid gradually until the copper acetate is not dissolved, adding water into the stock solution to dilute the stock solution to 3-4 times, heating the stock solution to boil, then placing the specimen in the stock solution, bleaching chlorophyll, and gradually recovering the green color after about 1-2 min until the original color is close to the original color, wherein other steps are the same as those in example 3.

Comparative example 4. the color preservation treatment of the plant specimen specifically includes the following steps:

preparing a color fixing solution by adopting 2g of sodium hydroxide and 800ml of water, heating the color fixing solution to 35 ℃, keeping the color for 10s, then putting the color fixing solution into cold water for cooling for 5min, and pressing after absorbing water on blades, wherein other steps are the same as those in the embodiment 3.

Collecting 18 plants of the inverted grass, ensuring that the shapes, the colors and the sizes of the plants are basically the same, numbering 1-6, treating by adopting the color preservation method of a comparative example 3, numbering 7-12, treating by adopting the color preservation method of a comparative example 4, numbering 13-18, and performing color preservation treatment by adopting the method provided by the invention.

The color difference values of the fresh leaves of the No. 1-18 grass were measured with a color difference meter (ensuring that the shapes, sizes and colors of the measured leaves were substantially the same) as standard values. Then measuring the color difference value of leaves of No. 1-18 after color preservation treatment and pressing into a specimen, pressing into the specimen for 6 months, pressing into the specimen for 12 months, and pressing into the specimen for 24 months. The specific implementation results are shown in tables 4, 5 and 6.

TABLE 4 results of color-retaining treatment using comparative example 3

TABLE 5 results of color-retaining treatment using comparative example 4

TABLE 6 results of color preservation method of the present invention

The green leaves of the plant belong to membranous leaf plants, and the leaves of the plant are membranous, thin and soft, and are easy to have the phenomena of specimen softening, color blackening and the like in the color retention treatment process. Comparative example 3 the color retention method is relatively troublesome to prepare, the copper acetate solution needs to be heated to boiling, the integrity of the leaves of the hedyotis diffusa is easy to be damaged after long-time boiling due to the thinness and softness of the leaves of the hedyotis diffusa, the smell is irritating and unpleasant during boiling, the method is not good for human health, and the environment is polluted. Compared with the comparative example 3, the invention has good color retention effect on the green leaves of the common achyranthes herb, and the invention only heats the color retention solution to 35 ℃ for 10s, thereby reducing the damage of high temperature to the green leaves of the common achyranthes herb, when the comparative example 3 treats the green leaves of the No. 1-6 specimens, the leaves of the No. 3 plants and the No. 6 plants are damaged after being treated by boiling copper acetate solution, and the specimens cannot be pressed. The average browning rate of the leaves of comparative examples No. 1, No. 2, No. 4 and No. 5 after being pressed into specimens for 6 months is 166 percent, and the average value of the browning rate of the leaves of No. 13 to No. 18 is 45.5 percent; after the pressed specimens are pressed for 12 months, the average browning rate of the leaves of comparative examples 1, 2, 4 and 5 is 242 percent, and the average browning rate of the leaves of No. 13 to No. 18 is 69.3 percent; the average browning rate of the leaves of comparative examples 1, 2, 4 and 5 was 362% and the average of the browning rate of leaves of No. 13 to 18 was 104% after pressing the specimens for 24 months. The color retention treatment effect of the invention on green leaves is better than that of the treatment method in the comparative example 3, and the browning rate of the leaves is maintained stable along with the time, which shows that the invention can keep the green leaves for a long time. Compared with the reagents and the operation steps required by the comparative example 1, the method has the advantages of less required reagents, simple and convenient operation, cost saving and capability of providing theoretical and practical basis for color preservation of the leaves of the plant specimen.

The only difference between comparative example 4 and the invention is that sodium bicarbonate is used in the invention, and sodium hydroxide is used in comparative example 4, but from the experimental results, the leaves of plants No. 7, No. 10 and No. 12 are damaged and cannot be pressed after being treated by the method of comparative example 4 because the leaves of the hedyotis diffusa are thin and soft, and the leaves of plants No. 13-18 are not damaged and have better color retention effect by adopting the color retention method provided by the invention. The method of comparative example 4 is adopted for color preservation, and after the sample is pressed, the browning of the leaves of the hedyotis diffusa is serious, the browning is obvious after 6 months, and the scientific research value and the ornamental value of No. 8, No. 9 and No. 10 are lost. Therefore, only the color preservation method provided by the invention is simple and convenient to operate, uses less reagents, can adjust parameters according to the type of the green leaves and enlarges the application range.

Example 4

The invention is used for carrying out color preservation treatment on the sansevieria trifasciata green leaves.

Sansevieria trifasciata Prain, Sansevieria trifasciata, kalimerian, qiannian orchid, Sansevieria trifasciata, huangtailia odorata or yueshou tongue, and the like, which are perennial herbaceous foliage plants of Sansevieria genus of Liliaceae family. Has rootstock, leaf base, fleshy linear shape coated with needle, hard leather, upright, and slightly ditch-shaped base; dark green, with alternating light green and dark green transverse bands on both sides; the total inflorescence is white to light green; berry has a diameter of about 7-8 mm. The flowering period is 11-12 months.

The invention provides a color preserving method for a plant specimen, which comprises the steps of preparing the plant specimen before color preserving and carrying out color preserving treatment on the plant specimen, and is characterized in that:

the preparation before color preservation of the plant specimen specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) collecting young or newly grown new leaves, wherein branches and leaves need to grow well without damage or rusty spots;

(2) trimming or cutting thick stems and barbed stems;

(3) removing the green leaves of the plants with dense green leaves according to the growth characteristics of the green leaves;

the color preserving treatment of the plant specimen specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) adding 13g of sodium bicarbonate into 800ml of water, and uniformly stirring to prepare a color retention solution;

(2) heating the color retention solution to 95 ℃ according to the type of green leaves;

(3) placing fresh plant green leaf into color retention solution for 4 min;

(4) cooling the plant leaves treated by the color retention solution in cold water for 5 min;

(5) fishing out the cooled plant leaves, and sucking water on the leaves by using absorbent paper;

(6) the plant leaves are compressed.

In this embodiment, the amount of water in the color retention solution is 800 ml.

In this embodiment, the green leaf is a green leaf of a herbaceous leafy plant; when the green leaf is a grass leaf plant, the color retention solution is prepared from 800ml of water and 13g of sodium bicarbonate, and is heated to 95 ℃ for 4 min;

in this embodiment, the cooling time is 5 min.

In this embodiment, the pressing specifically includes the following steps:

(1) when the specimen is pressed, the specimen is placed on the straw paper, the shape of the specimen is arranged, and the leaves are unfolded as much as possible, so that the shape of the front and back leaves can be seen from the same specimen;

(2) in order to avoid the adhesion of the flower part and the straw paper, the flower part can be covered by toilet paper;

(3) separating with hard board, corrugated aluminum plate, stacking several specimens from top to bottom, and fixing with splint.

Comparative example 5: the color preserving treatment of the plant specimen specifically comprises the following steps:

according to the weight percentage of copper sulfate: water: preparing two parts of glacial acetic acid according to the proportion of 12:900:150, enabling the mother liquor to be about 2000ml, heating the prepared mother liquor to boil, adding sansevieria trifasciata, taking out when the plant specimen changes from green to yellow brown and then to green, washing with clean water, and then pressing, wherein other steps are the same as the step of example 4.

Comparative example 6: the color preserving treatment of the plant specimen specifically comprises the following steps:

preparing a color fixing solution by adopting 13g of sodium hydroxide and 800ml of water, heating the color fixing solution to 95 ℃, keeping the color for 4min, then putting the color fixing solution into cold water for cooling for 5min, and pressing after absorbing water on the leaves, wherein other steps are the same as those in the embodiment 4.

Collecting 18 sansevieria trifasciata plants, ensuring that the shapes, the colors and the sizes of the plants are basically the same, numbering 1-6, treating by adopting the color retention method of a comparative example 5, numbering 7-12, treating by adopting the color retention method of a comparative example 6, numbering 13-18, and performing color retention treatment by adopting the method provided by the invention.

The color difference values of the fresh leaves of sansevieria trifasciata No. 1-18 (ensuring that the shapes, sizes and colors of the measured leaves are basically the same) are respectively measured by a color difference meter to be used as standard values. Then measuring the color difference value of leaves of No. 1-18 after color preservation treatment and pressing into a specimen, pressing into the specimen for 6 months, pressing into the specimen for 12 months, and pressing into the specimen for 24 months. The specific implementation results are shown in tables 7, 8 and 9.

TABLE 7 results of color-retaining treatment using comparative example 5

TABLE 8 results of color-retaining treatment using comparative example 6

TABLE 9 results of color preservation method of the present invention

The green leaves of the saxifrage belong to the green leaves of the leather leaf plants, the stems and the leaves are hard, the leaves are thick, the surface is covered with thick cuticle, and the green fixation is difficult during the preparation of specimens. Comparative example 5 color retention method copper sulfate: water: glacial acetic acid is prepared into solution at a ratio of 12:900:150, and the solution is heated to boil, and then green leaf of herba Saxifragae is placed in the solution, and the method has the advantages of pungent and unpleasant smell, no harm to human health, and environmental pollution. Compared with the comparative example 5, the invention has good color retention effect on green leaves of the saxifrage, and the color retention solution does not generate odor when being heated to 95 ℃. After the pressed specimens are pressed for 6 months, the average browning rate of the leaves of comparative examples No. 1 to No. 6 is 374 percent, and the average browning rate of the leaves of No. 13 to No. 18 is 63.5 percent; after the pressed specimen is pressed for 12 months, the average browning rate of the comparative example No. 1-6 leaves is 593%, and the average browning rate of the No. 13-18 leaves is 78.9%; the average browning rate of the comparative examples No. 1-6 leaves after being pressed into specimens for 24 months is 935%, and the average of the browning rate of the No. 13-18 leaves is 98.5%. The color retention treatment effect of the invention on green leaves is better than that of the treatment method of comparative example 5, and the browning rate of the leaves is maintained stable along with the time, which shows that the invention can keep the green leaves for a long time. Compared with the reagents and the operation steps required by the comparative example 5, the method has the advantages of less required reagents, simple and convenient operation, cost saving and capability of providing theoretical and practical basis for color preservation of the leaves of the plant specimen.

The only difference between comparative example 6 and the present invention is that sodium bicarbonate is used in the present invention, and sodium hydroxide is used in comparative example 6, but from experimental results, the treatment method of comparative example 6 causes the blades of sansevieria trifasciata to be damaged, thereby losing scientific research value and ornamental value. The color preservation method provided by the invention has the advantages of less reagent, simplicity and convenience in operation, and wide application range, and can be used for batch treatment of the plant green leaves.

Example 5

The invention is used for carrying out color preservation treatment on the green leaves of the sedum sarmentosum.

Sedum sarmentosum Bunge is a perennial herbaceous succulent plant of Crassulaceae. Thin flower stem, creeping, root growing on the node, growing impeller, turning leaf into needle shape to long circle, collecting the inflorescence, little flower and no peduncle; sepals are coated with needles to be long round, petals are yellow, needles to be long round, scales are wedge-shaped and square, seeds are oval, blossoming occurs in 5-7 months, and fruiting occurs in 8 months.

The invention provides a color preserving method for a plant specimen, which comprises the steps of preparing the plant specimen before color preserving and carrying out color preserving treatment on the plant specimen, and is characterized in that:

the preparation before color preservation of the plant specimen specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) collecting young or newly grown new leaves, wherein branches and leaves need to grow well without damage or rusty spots;

(2) trimming or cutting thick stems and barbed stems;

(3) removing the green leaves of the plants with dense green leaves according to the growth characteristics of the green leaves;

the color preserving treatment of the plant specimen specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) adding 8g of sodium bicarbonate into 800ml of water, and uniformly stirring to prepare a color retention solution;

(2) heating the color retention solution to 70 ℃ according to the type of green leaves;

(3) placing fresh plant green leaf into color retention solution for 2.5 min;

(4) cooling the plant leaves treated by the color retention solution in cold water for 5 min;

(5) fishing out the cooled plant leaves, and sucking water on the leaves by using absorbent paper;

(6) the plant leaves are compressed.

In this embodiment, the amount of water in the color retention solution is 800 ml.

In this embodiment, the green leaf is a green leaf of a herbaceous leafy plant; when the green leaf is a grass leaf plant, the color retention solution is prepared from 800ml of water and 8g of sodium bicarbonate, and is heated to 70 ℃ for 2.5 min;

in this embodiment, the cooling time is 5 min.

In this embodiment, the pressing specifically includes the following steps:

(1) when the specimen is pressed, the specimen is placed on the straw paper, the shape of the specimen is arranged, and the leaves are unfolded as much as possible, so that the shape of the front and back leaves can be seen from the same specimen;

(2) in order to avoid the adhesion of the flower part and the straw paper, the flower part can be covered by toilet paper;

(3) separating with hard board, corrugated aluminum plate, stacking several specimens from top to bottom, and fixing with splint.

Comparative example 7: the color preserving treatment of the plant specimen specifically comprises the following steps:

preparing 10% copper sulfate solution, immersing the green leaves of sedum sarmentosum in the solution for 12h, taking out the sample after the sample turns from yellow brown to green, rinsing the sample with water, and then pressing the sample, wherein the other steps are the same as the example 45.

Comparative example 8: the color preserving treatment of the plant specimen specifically comprises the following steps:

preparing a color fixing solution by adopting 8g of sodium hydroxide and 800ml of water, heating the color fixing solution to 70 ℃, keeping the color for 2.5min, then putting the color fixing solution into cold water for cooling for 5min, and pressing after absorbing water on the leaves, wherein other steps are the same as those in the embodiment 45.

Collecting 18 sedum sarmentosum plants, ensuring that the shapes, the colors and the sizes of the plants are basically the same, numbering 1-6, treating by adopting the color preservation method of comparative example 7, numbering 7-12, treating by adopting the color preservation method of comparative example 8, numbering 13-18, and performing color preservation treatment by adopting the method provided by the invention.

The color difference values of the fresh leaves of the 1-18 th stringy stonecrop are respectively measured by a color difference meter (the shape, the size and the color of the measured leaves are basically the same) and are taken as standard values. Then measuring the color difference value of leaves of No. 1-18 after color preservation treatment and pressing into a specimen, pressing into the specimen for 6 months, pressing into the specimen for 12 months, and pressing into the specimen for 24 months. The results are shown in tables 10, 11 and 12.

TABLE 10 results of color-retaining treatment using comparative example 7

TABLE 11 results of color-retaining treatment using comparative example 8

TABLE 12 results of color preservation method of the present invention

The sedum sarmentosum green leaves belong to green leaves of fleshy leaf plants, stems and leaves of the plants are fleshy and are easy to fall off after being boiled at high temperature, chlorophyll in the plant body is difficult to react with acid, a chlorophyll molecular structure taking a copper atom as a core is difficult to form, and the plant is difficult to fix the color. Comparative example 7 color preservation method of preparing 10% copper sulfate solution and immersing the green leaves of sedum sarmentosum in the solution for 12 hours, the method needs a long time to soak the plant specimen, and the plant specimen is easy to fall off and rot. Compared with the comparative example 7, the invention has good color retention effect on the green leaves of the sedum sarmentosum, only heats the color retention solution to 70 ℃, has the color retention time of 2.5min, has short color retention time, reduces the soaking time of plant specimens, and better prevents the plant leaves from falling off and rotting. After the pressed specimens are pressed for 6 months, the average browning rate of the leaves of comparative examples No. 1 to No. 6 is 299 percent, and the average value of the browning rate of the leaves of No. 13 to No. 18 is 72.4 percent; the average browning rate of the comparative example No. 1-6 leaves after being pressed into a specimen for 12 months is 524%, and the average browning rate of the No. 13-18 leaves is 88.8%; the average browning rate of the comparative examples No. 1-6 leaves after being pressed into specimens for 24 months is 724%, and the average of the browning rate of the No. 13-18 leaves is 121%. The color retention treatment effect of the invention on green leaves is obviously better than that of the treatment method of comparative example 7, and the browning rate of the leaves is maintained stable along with the time, which shows that the invention can keep the green leaves for a long time. Compared with the time for color retention of the comparative example 7, the time for color retention is short, the color retention efficiency of the plant specimen is improved, and a method with higher efficiency and better effect is provided for color retention of green leaves of succulent leaf plants.

The only difference between comparative example 8 and the present invention is that sodium bicarbonate was used in the present invention and sodium hydroxide was used in comparative example 8, but from the experimental results, the treatment method of comparative example 8 resulted in the destruction of the sedum sarmentosum leaves, thereby losing scientific and ornamental values. The color-keeping method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple and convenient steps, less used reagents and short color-keeping time, and provides theoretical and practical basis for color keeping of the plants.