阅读说明：本技术 一种新型高塑性金基电刷材料及其制备方法 (Novel high-plasticity gold-based electric brush material and preparation method thereof ) 是由 宋瑶 罗瑶 王鹏 贺昕 侯智超 关俊卿 于 2020-12-21 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于金基电刷材料的加工技术领域,尤其涉及一种新型高塑性金基电刷材料及其制备方法。电刷材料的成分为Cu：15-18wt.％,Ag：5.5-7.5wt.％,Zn:0.5-2wt.％,RE：0-0.5wt.％,余量为金。制备方法主要为首先使用真空感应炉熔炼CuZn、CuRE中间合金,再加入其他高纯金属二次熔炼。对铸棒进行孔轧、拉丝,并配以相应的中间退火；丝材成品进行600-700℃保温20-80min的固溶处理,立即水淬后进行200-300℃保温1-6h的时效处理。通过该方法制得的电刷材料性能稳定,具有较高的硬度,优异的塑性性能,与一般金基电刷材料标准性能相比塑性提高了两倍以上。(The invention belongs to the technical field of processing of gold-based electric brush materials, and particularly relates to a novel high-plasticity gold-based electric brush material and a preparation method thereof. The brush material comprises Cu: 15-18 wt.%, Ag: 5.5-7.5 wt.%, Zn:0.5-2 wt.%, RE: 0-0.5 wt.%, and the balance gold. The preparation method mainly comprises the steps of firstly smelting CuZn and a CuRE intermediate alloy by using a vacuum induction furnace, and then adding other high-purity metals for secondary smelting. Carrying out hole rolling and wire drawing on the cast rod, and matching with corresponding intermediate annealing; the finished wire is subjected to solution treatment of 600-700 ℃ heat preservation for 20-80min, and is subjected to aging treatment of 200-300 ℃ heat preservation for 1-6h after being immediately subjected to water quenching. The electric brush material prepared by the method has stable performance, higher hardness and excellent plasticity, and the plasticity is improved by more than two times compared with the standard performance of the common gold-based electric brush material.)

1. A high-plasticity gold-based brush material, which is characterized by comprising: the gold-based electric brush wire comprises the following components of AuCuAgZnRE, wherein Cu: 15-18 wt.%, Ag: 5.5-7.5 wt.%, Zn:0.5-2 wt.%, RE: 0-0.5 wt.%.

2. The gold-based brush material of claim 1, wherein the wire is ≦ 1 mm; the elongation of the finished product is more than 4 percent; hardness is more than or equal to 260kg/mm²。

3. A method of preparing a gold-based brush material according to any of claims 1-2, characterized in that the preparation comprises the steps of:

(1) smelting of the alloy: smelting an intermediate alloy by using a vacuum induction smelting furnace, then smelting for the second time by using an alumina crucible, and casting by using a copper mold to obtain an alloy cast rod;

(2) hole rolling of the cast rod: the deformation amount of the annealing chamber is 70-80%, and the size of the final hole-rolled thick wire is less than or equal to phi 10 mm;

(3) drawing the hole-rolled coarse wire: the deformation amount between annealing ranges from 40% to 90%;

(4) solution treatment of the drawn wire finished product: completely coating the wire with copper sheets, insulating air, placing the wire in an effective heating zone of a hearth of a resistance furnace, and performing water quenching cooling immediately after the heat preservation is finished;

(5) aging treatment of the drawn wire finished product: and completely coating the wire subjected to water quenching cooling by using a copper sheet, insulating air, placing the wire in an effective heating area of a hearth of a low-temperature resistance furnace, and slowly cooling the wire to room temperature in the air after the heat preservation is finished.

4. The preparation method of claim 3, wherein Au, Cu, Ag, Zn and RE are used as raw materials, CuZn and CurE master alloy are firstly smelted; and adding high-purity Au and Ag for secondary smelting.

5. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the annealing during and after the hole rolling process is performed by using a special annealing tube, the two ends of the annealing tube are wrapped by copper sheets, the annealing temperature is 600-720 ℃, the preferred temperature range is 650-680 ℃, and the annealing time is 10-60 min.

6. The preparation method according to claim 3, wherein the annealing in the wire drawing process uses an annealing tube, both ends of the annealing tube are wrapped by copper sheets, and the annealing is performed isothermally, wherein the annealing temperature is 600-720 ℃, preferably the temperature range is 650-680 ℃, and the annealing time is 10-60 min.

7. The method according to claim 3, wherein the solution treatment is carried out at a holding temperature of 600-700 ℃ for 20-80 min.

8. The preparation method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the temperature for the aging treatment is 200-350 ℃, and the time for the aging treatment is 1-6 h.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of processing of gold-based electric brush materials, and particularly relates to a high-plasticity gold-based electric brush component and the field of preparation of wire products thereof.

Background

The electric brush material is widely applied to the industrial fields of aviation, aerospace, ships and the like. Different application environments have different requirements on the performance of the electric brush, and mainly focus on the aspects of electric contact performance, mechanical performance, chemical performance and the like. With the rapid development of the fields of aviation, aerospace, ships and other industries, the demand for electric brush materials is continuously increased, and the electric brush materials are mainly wire products with different specifications. The plasticity of the material directly influences the using effect and the service life of the product. At present, the plasticity of gold-based brush materials such as AuCuAg and AuAg which are applied more is only 1-2% in a hard state, the plasticity in an annealing state is improved, but the strength is greatly reduced, and the performance requirements of different application environments on the materials are difficult to meet.

As a rare earth big country, China has abundant rare earth resources and has wide research and application on rare earth. The effectiveness of improving the performance of the alloy by adding trace rare earth elements into the alloy for micro-alloying is effectively proved. The rare earth elements are added, so that on one hand, the melt can be purified, and the structure uniformity in the alloy smelting and casting process is improved; on the other hand, alloy grains can be refined, and the mechanical property of the alloy is improved. The addition of rare earth elements into noble metal-based alloys to improve the properties of the alloys has also been studied and achieved certain results.

Disclosure of Invention

Technical problem to be solved by the invention

The invention aims to overcome the problem of the performance of the material, and provides a novel high-plasticity gold-based electric brush material and a means for preparing an electric brush product with strong plasticity by carrying out solution aging treatment on a wire material of the electric brush material.

Means for solving the technical problem

In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a high-plasticity gold-based brush material, which includes: the gold-based electric brush wire comprises the following components of AuCuAgZnRE, wherein Cu: 15-18 wt.%, Ag: 5.5-7.5 wt.%, Zn:0.5-2 wt.%, RE: 0-0.5 wt.%.

In a preferred embodiment, the wire is ≦ 1 mm;the elongation of the finished product is more than 4 percent; hardness is more than or equal to 260kg/mm²。

The preparation method of the gold-based electric brush material comprises the following steps:

(1) smelting of the alloy: smelting an intermediate alloy by using a vacuum induction smelting furnace, then smelting for the second time by using an alumina crucible, and casting by using a copper mold to obtain an alloy cast rod;

(2) hole rolling of the cast rod: the deformation amount of the annealing chamber is 70-80%, and the size of the final hole-rolled thick wire is less than or equal to phi 10 mm;

(3) drawing the hole-rolled coarse wire: the deformation amount between annealing ranges from 40% to 90%;

(4) solution treatment of the drawn wire finished product: completely coating the wire with copper sheets, insulating air, placing the wire in an effective heating zone of a hearth of a resistance furnace, and performing water quenching cooling immediately after the heat preservation is finished;

(5) aging treatment of the drawn wire finished product: and completely coating the wire subjected to water quenching cooling by using a copper sheet, insulating air, placing the wire in an effective heating area of a hearth of a low-temperature resistance furnace, and slowly cooling the wire to room temperature in the air after the heat preservation is finished.

In a preferred embodiment, Au, Cu, Ag, Zn and RE are used as raw materials, CuZn and CurE master alloy are firstly smelted; and adding high-purity Au and Ag for secondary smelting.

In a preferred embodiment, a special annealing pipe is used for annealing in the hole rolling process and after the hole rolling is finished, copper sheets are used for wrapping two ends of the annealing pipe, the annealing temperature is 600-720 ℃, the preferred temperature range is 650-680 ℃, and the annealing time is 10-60 min.

In a preferred embodiment, an annealing pipe is used for annealing in the wire drawing process, copper sheets are used for wrapping the two ends of the wire drawing process, and isothermal annealing is carried out, wherein the annealing temperature is 600-720 ℃, the preferred temperature range is 650-680 ℃, and the annealing time is 10-60 min.

In a preferred embodiment, the heat preservation temperature of the solution treatment is 600-700 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 20-80 min.

In a preferred embodiment, the heat preservation temperature of the aging treatment is 200-350 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1-6 h.

The invention has the advantages of

The gold-based electric brush material prepared by the invention has excellent performance, has good plasticity after solution and aging treatment, is improved by more than two times compared with the common gold-based electric brush material, and can meet the performance requirements of different fields such as aerospace and the like on the material. The preparation method provided by the invention is suitable for production of wire products with different specifications, and is simple and efficient in process. All the intermediate leftover materials are uniformly recovered and can be reused after chemical cleaning, so that the loss is reduced, and the economic benefit is improved.

Further features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments.

Detailed Description

One embodiment of the present disclosure will be specifically described below, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

The novel gold-based brush material comprises the following components: 15-18 wt.%, Ag: 5.5-7.5 wt.%, Zn:0.5-2 wt.%, RE: 0-0.5 wt.%, and the balance gold. The alloy structure is improved and the alloy performance is improved by adding trace rare earth elements and refining crystal grains. The preparation method mainly comprises the steps of firstly smelting CuZn and a CuRE intermediate alloy by using a vacuum induction furnace, and then adding other high-purity metals for secondary smelting. Carrying out hole rolling and wire drawing on the cast rod, and matching with corresponding intermediate annealing; the finished wire is subjected to solution treatment of 600-700 ℃ heat preservation for 20-80min, and is subjected to aging treatment of 200-300 ℃ heat preservation for 1-6h after being immediately subjected to water quenching.

The invention adopts the following specific technical means:

1. smelting of the alloy: the alloy comprises the following specific components: 15-18 wt.%, Ag: 5.5-7.5 wt.%, Zn:0.5-2 wt.%, RE: 0-0.5 wt.%, the balance Au. Smelting raw materials are high-purity Au, Ag, Cu, Zn and RE, and CuZn and CurE intermediate alloy is firstly smelted. And adding high-purity Au and Ag into the intermediate alloy for secondary smelting. The smelting uses a vacuum induction smelting furnace, an alumina crucible and a copper mold for casting to obtain a rod-shaped cast ingot.

2. Hole rolling of the cast ingot: the total deformation amount between two annealing is 70-80%. The diameter of the final hole rolling coarse wire is not more than 10 mm. And a special annealing pipe is used for annealing in the rolling process and after the rolling is finished, and copper sheets are used for wrapping the two ends of the annealing pipe to prevent oxidation. The annealing temperature is 600-720 ℃, the preferred temperature range is 650-680 ℃, and the annealing time is 10-60 min.

3. Drawing the thick wire: the total deformation amount between two times of annealing in the wire drawing process is 40-90%. The annealing is isothermal annealing, a special annealing pipe for wires is used, and two ends of the annealing pipe are wrapped by copper sheets. The annealing temperature is 600-720 ℃, the preferred temperature range is 650-680 ℃, and the annealing time is 10-60 min.

4. Solid solution of the wire finished product: the wire is completely coated by copper sheets, isolated from air and placed in an effective heating zone of a hearth of a resistance furnace for heat preservation, the heat preservation temperature is 600-700 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 20-80 min. And immediately carrying out water quenching and cooling after the heat preservation is finished.

5. Aging of the finished wire: the wire is completely coated by copper sheets, isolated air is placed in an effective heating zone of a hearth of a low-temperature resistance furnace for heat preservation, the heat preservation temperature is 200-350 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1-6 h. And after the heat preservation is finished, slowly cooling the mixture to room temperature in the air.

Examples

The present invention is described in more detail by way of examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

Example 1

The alloy is smelted by the following numerical values of AuCuAgZnRE17-6.3-1-0.2 (the numerical values are the content of elements in the alloy, AuCuAgZnRE17-6.3-1-0.2 is 17 percent of Cu, 6.3 percent of Ag, 1 percent of Zn, 0.2 percent of RE and the balance of Au). High-purity metal is used as a raw material, intermediate alloy CuZn25 and CuRE20 is smelted in a vacuum self-induction smelting furnace, and the intermediate alloy, high-purity gold and silver are added into an alumina crucible together for secondary smelting after the intermediate alloy is smelted. And casting by using a copper mold to obtain the alloy cast rod. And (3) carrying out hole rolling on the cast rod, wherein the rolling pass deformation is 10%, annealing is carried out once at 650 ℃/30min when the total deformation reaches 75%, the annealing is carried out in a special annealing pipe (a tubular annealing furnace), and two ends of the annealing pipe are wrapped by copper sheets. And (5) carrying out hole rolling again until the total deformation is 75% to obtain phi 7mm thick wires, and annealing the wires, wherein the annealing process is completely the same as that of the previous time. Carrying out wire drawing treatment on the thick wire, wherein the deformation of a wire drawing pass is less than or equal to 10%, carrying out isothermal intermediate annealing when the total deformation reaches 75%, wherein a special tubular annealing furnace is used for annealing, copper sheets are used for wrapping two ends of the thick wire, and the annealing temperature is 650 ℃ and the annealing time is 30 min; continuously drawing the annealed wire, and carrying out isothermal intermediate annealing when the wire is drawn to 88% of total deformation, wherein the annealing process is completely the same as the previous process; continuously drawing the wire to the final size phi of 0.6mm after annealing; carrying out solution treatment on the finished wire at 650 ℃/30min, and immediately carrying out water quenching after heat preservation; and placing the cooled wire material in a low-temperature resistance furnace at 250 ℃ for aging for 3h, immediately taking out the wire material after heat preservation, and slowly cooling the wire material to room temperature in the air.

Example 2

The wire after solid solution and water quenching is subjected to aging treatment of heat preservation at 300 ℃ for 3h, and the rest steps are completely consistent with those in the example 1.

Example 3

The smelting alloy comprises AuCuAgZnRE17.5-7-1-0.2. The wire material solid solution process is carried out at 670 ℃ for 30min, and the aging process is carried out at 300 ℃ for 6 h. The remaining steps are exactly the same as in example 1.

Watch 1

	Elongation percentage%	Hardness of kg/mm2
			10# alloy	2.0	160-180
A02 alloy	1.0	240
			Example 1	4.1	262.3
Example 2	5.0	269.4
			Example 3	5.1	272.7

The comparison in the table I shows that the gold-based electric brush material prepared by the method has excellent performance, the material has good plasticity after solution and aging treatment, and the plasticity is improved by more than two times compared with the common gold-based electric brush material, so that the performance requirements of different fields such as aerospace and the like on the material can be met. The preparation method provided by the invention is suitable for production of wire products with different specifications, and is simple and efficient in process. All the intermediate leftover materials are uniformly recovered and can be reused after chemical cleaning, so that the loss is reduced, and the economic benefit is improved.

Industrial applicability

The electric brush material prepared by the method has stable performance, higher hardness and excellent plasticity, and the plasticity is improved by more than two times compared with the standard performance of the common gold-based electric brush material.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are also within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.