阅读说明：本技术 一种多级联声子晶体隔振器 (Multi-cascade phononic crystal vibration isolator ) 是由 杨新文 张昭 汪永健 赵治钧 于 2020-12-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种多级联声子晶体隔振器,通过设置多级联声子晶体隔振器内置声子晶体元胞,产生50～200Hz,1000-2000Hz频带范围内的带隙,利用所述带隙实现对特定频段振动的消除从而实现轨道的减振,减小其对外的振动传播。所述多级联声子晶体隔振器为一个筒状结构,分为隔振器外筒与隔振器内筒结构两部分；所述的隔振器内筒结构由内筒与多级联声子晶体隔振器主体结构构成,所述的多级联声子晶体隔振器主体结构放置于内筒内,由若干声子晶体元胞及承载顶板组合而成,每个元胞由质量元件与弹性元件构成。本发明充分发挥圆周弹性元件的特性,便于参数优化设计；其安装便捷、与现有浮置板隔振器外筒、内筒的兼容性好等特点,使其在轨道交通减振降噪领域有很广泛的适用性。(A multi-cascade phononic crystal vibration isolator is characterized in that phononic crystal cells are arranged in the multi-cascade phononic crystal vibration isolator, band gaps within the frequency band ranges of 50-200Hz and 1000-2000Hz are generated, and the band gaps are utilized to eliminate vibration of a specific frequency band, so that vibration reduction of a track is realized, and external vibration transmission of the track is reduced. The multi-cascade phononic crystal vibration isolator is of a cylindrical structure and is divided into two parts, namely a vibration isolator outer cylinder structure and a vibration isolator inner cylinder structure; the inner cylinder structure of the vibration isolator is composed of an inner cylinder and a multi-cascade phononic crystal vibration isolator main structure, the multi-cascade phononic crystal vibration isolator main structure is placed in the inner cylinder and is formed by combining a plurality of phononic crystal cells and a bearing top plate, and each cell is composed of a mass element and an elastic element. The invention gives full play to the characteristics of the circumferential elastic element, and is convenient for parameter optimization design; the vibration isolator has the characteristics of convenience in installation, good compatibility with the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder of the existing floating plate vibration isolator and the like, and has wide applicability in the field of vibration reduction and noise reduction of rail transit.)

1. A multiple cascade phononic crystal isolator, characterized by: the band gap within the frequency band range of 50-200Hz and 1000-2000Hz is generated by arranging the built-in phononic crystal cells of the multi-cascade phononic crystal vibration isolator, and the band gap is utilized to eliminate the vibration of a specific frequency band so as to realize the vibration reduction of the track and reduce the external vibration transmission.

2. The multiple cascade phononic crystal isolator of claim 1 wherein: the multi-cascade phononic crystal vibration isolator is of a cylindrical structure and is divided into two parts, namely a vibration isolator outer cylinder structure and a vibration isolator inner cylinder structure; the inner cylinder structure of the vibration isolator is composed of an inner cylinder and a multi-cascade phononic crystal vibration isolator main structure, the multi-cascade phononic crystal vibration isolator main structure is placed in the inner cylinder and is formed by combining a plurality of phononic crystal cells and a bearing top plate, and each cell is composed of a mass element and an elastic element.

3. The multiple cascade phononic crystal isolator of claim 2 wherein: the mass elements are divided into an auxiliary mass element and a main mass element, the auxiliary mass element is cylindrical, the main mass element is hollow cylindrical, and the auxiliary mass element and the main mass element are combined by a plurality of elastic elements in series; the elastic element is formed by connecting a central rigidity element and a circumferential elastic element in parallel, the central rigidity element and the auxiliary mass element are coaxial, and the central rigidity element is directly connected with the upper and lower auxiliary mass elements without being contacted with the main mass element; the circumferential elastic elements are arranged in a circumferential array, are divided into an upper layer and a lower layer in one unit cell, and are connected with the auxiliary mass elements and the main mass elements in a series mode.

4. The multiple cascade phononic crystal isolator of claim 2 wherein: the main mass element is a layered and overlapped periodic cellular combination structure, and the periodic cellular is composed of a plurality of layers of discs made of different materials.

5. The multiple cascade phononic crystal isolator of claim 4 wherein: the periodic unit cells are 3 periodic unit cells formed by vulcanizing a metal layer and a rubber layer.

6. The multiple cascade phononic crystal isolator of claim 2 wherein: the connecting positions of the main mass element and the auxiliary mass element with the elastic element are provided with circular grooves which play roles in positioning and fixing.

7. The multiple cascade phononic crystal isolator of claim 2 wherein: the mass element is made of metal materials or alloy materials, and the elastic element is made of steel springs, rubber springs or high polymer material springs.

8. The multiple cascade phononic crystal isolator of claim 7 wherein: the mass element is of a cylindrical or hollow cylindrical monomer structure.

9. The multiple cascade phononic crystal isolator of claim 2 wherein: the resilient elements comprise a central stiffening element and circumferential resilient elements arranged in a circumferential array; the central stiffness element is arranged coaxially with the mass element.

10. The multiple cascade phononic crystal isolator of claim 9 wherein: the number of the circumferential elastic elements is set to be odd to ensure the stability of the structure.

11. The multiple cascade phononic crystal isolator of claim 10 wherein: the number of the circumferential elastic elements is 5 or 7.

12. The multiple cascade phononic crystal isolator of claim 2 wherein: the upper part of the auxiliary mass element is connected with a bearing top plate, and three short shafts are uniformly provided with 3 screw holes; the bearing top plate is connected with the outer cylinder of the vibration isolator when being installed so as to transmit the vibration of the floating plate.

13. The multiple cascade phononic crystal isolator of claim 2 wherein: and the bottom of the inner cylinder of the vibration isolator is provided with a limiting groove which is in mortise-tenon connection or threaded connection with the foundation embedded cylindrical part.

14. The multiple cascade phononic crystal isolator of claim 2 wherein: the outer cylinder of the vibration isolator is embedded in the floating plate, a force transmission pressing plate is arranged in the outer cylinder, the force transmission pressing plate and the outer cylinder are integrated, and a height-adjusting gasket is configured according to requirements; the height-adjusting gasket is connected with the bearing top plate into a whole through a movable connecting structure; the top of the outer cylinder of the vibration isolator is sealed by a cover plate and is fixedly connected with the outer cylinder through a movable connecting structure.

15. The multiple cascade phononic crystal isolator of claim 14 wherein: the force transmission pressing plate is arranged in the outer barrel and is far away from the top 1/4-1/3.

16. The multiple cascade phononic crystal isolator of claim 14 wherein: the force transmission pressing plate is divided into an upper pressing plate and a lower pressing plate, a certain distance is reserved between the upper pressing plate and the lower pressing plate so as to meet the requirement of height adjustment in actual installation, and a gap between the lower pressing plate and the bearing top plate is filled up by a height adjustment gasket.

17. The multiple cascade phononic crystal isolator of claim 3 wherein: the thickness of the secondary mass element is 5-10mm, and the thickness of the primary mass element is 30-50 mm.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of rail transit, and relates to a multi-cascade phononic crystal vibration isolator.

Background

With the continuous development of rail transit technology, the environmental protection problem of rail transit is receiving more and more attention, especially the noise and vibration problem that it produces.

At present, vibration reduction and noise reduction measures of rail transit mainly start from three aspects: control over the vibration/sound source (rail grinding, dynamic vibration absorber mounting, etc.), control over the propagation path (by using elastic fasteners and floating slab tracks, etc.), and control over the vibration/sound receiver. Floating plate rails are most effective compared to other damping measures.

The floating slab track is provided with a traditional steel spring floating slab, a rubber spring floating slab and a novel rubber damping pad floating slab. The traditional floating plate is widely applied, but the defects of short service life of a rubber support, small damping of a spring support and low-frequency vibration amplification gradually appear.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a multi-cascade phononic crystal vibration isolator which is used for vibration isolation of a track traffic floating slab.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

through reasonable design isolator inner structure, utilize the band gap width of structure to realize the elimination to specific frequency channel vibration to realize orbital damping, reduce its vibration propagation to the outside.

On the basis of fully utilizing the band gap characteristics of the photonic crystal, considering the multi-cascade combination of elastic elements, the invention provides the multi-cascade photonic crystal vibration isolator, which can generate band gaps within the frequency band ranges of 50-200Hz and 1000-plus 2000Hz through the design of reasonable geometric parameters and material parameters of the built-in photonic crystal cells of the multi-cascade photonic crystal vibration isolator, can cover main frequencies of various vibrations, and can greatly attenuate the vibration transmitted to a foundation structure and surrounding buildings by a rail transit system.

Further, the multi-cascade phononic crystal vibration isolator is of a cylindrical structure and is divided into an outer cylinder structure and an inner cylinder structure of the vibration isolator. The inner cylinder structure of the vibration isolator is composed of an inner cylinder and a multi-cascade phononic crystal vibration isolator main structure, the multi-cascade phononic crystal vibration isolator main structure is placed in the inner cylinder and is formed by combining a plurality of phononic crystal cells and a bearing top plate, and each cell is composed of a mass element and an elastic element.

The mass elements are divided into an auxiliary mass element and a main mass element, the auxiliary mass element is cylindrical, the main mass element is hollow cylindrical, and the auxiliary mass element and the main mass element are combined by a plurality of elastic elements in series; the elastic element is formed by connecting a central rigidity element and a circumferential elastic element in parallel, the central rigidity element and the auxiliary mass element are coaxial, and the central rigidity element is directly connected with the upper and lower auxiliary mass elements without being contacted with the main mass element; the circumferential elastic elements are arranged in a circumferential array, one cell is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer, and the auxiliary mass elements and the main mass elements are connected in series.

The upper part of the auxiliary mass element is connected with a bearing top plate, and three short shafts are uniformly provided with 3 screw holes; the bearing top plate is connected with the outer cylinder of the vibration isolator when being installed so as to transmit the vibration of the floating plate (a main vibration system); the bottom of the inner cylinder of the vibration isolator is provided with a limiting groove which is in mortise-tenon connection or threaded connection with the foundation embedded cylindrical part; the outer cylinder of the vibration isolator is pre-embedded in a floating plate (a main vibration system), a force transmission pressing plate is arranged inside the outer cylinder from 1/4-1/3 of the top of the outer cylinder, the force transmission pressing plate and the outer cylinder are integrated, and a height-adjusting gasket is installed according to the requirement in actual installation; the height-adjusting gasket is connected with the bearing top plate into a whole through a bolt; the top of the outer cylinder of the vibration isolator is sealed by a cover plate and is fixedly connected with the outer cylinder (an upper force transmission pressing plate) by a bolt.

The mass element can be made of metal materials, and the elastic element can be made of steel springs, rubber springs and other high polymer materials. The mass element is of a cylindrical or hollow cylindrical monomer structure, and is preferably made of a metal material or an alloy material; the main mass element can also be designed into a layered periodic cellular combination structure, the periodic cellular is composed of a plurality of layers of discs made of different materials, and the preferable metal layer and the rubber layer are vulcanized to form 3 periodic cellular. The secondary mass element thickness is preferably 5-10mm and the primary mass element thickness is preferably 30-50mm, depending on the number of cycles and the vibration isolation requirements.

The elastic elements are divided into a central rigid element and circumferential elastic elements, the circumferential elastic elements are arranged along a circumferential array, and an odd number, preferably 5 or 7, of the circumferential elastic elements are set to ensure the stability of the structure; the central stiffness element is arranged coaxially with the mass element.

Wherein, the main mass element and the auxiliary mass element are provided with circular grooves at the connecting positions with the elastic element, thereby playing the role of positioning and fixing.

The force transmission pressing plate of the outer cylinder of the vibration isolator is divided into an upper pressing plate and a lower pressing plate, a certain distance is reserved between the upper pressing plate and the lower pressing plate, the requirement of height adjustment can be met in actual installation, and a gap between the lower pressing plate and the bearing top plate is filled up by a height adjustment gasket.

The limiting groove of the inner cylinder of the vibration isolator needs to be provided with a corresponding limiter, and the limiter is arranged on the foundation ballast bed and the inverted arch.

Due to the adoption of the scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the invention utilizes the band gap characteristic of the phononic crystal structure layer to reduce vibration, can realize the vibration isolation of a target frequency band by reasonably selecting materials and optimizing the design structure, and improves the vibration isolation effect.

(2) The multi-cascade phononic crystal vibration isolator is integrally of a larger-size phononic crystal main structure and has a good vibration isolation effect on a low-frequency band; the primary mass element in the cellular structure can be provided with a phononic crystal secondary structure with smaller size, and the two phononic crystal structures are used in a cascade mode, so that the combined vibration isolation of high-frequency and low-frequency vibration is realized.

(3) Compared with the traditional steel spring floating plate vibration isolator, the circular elastic elements are connected in parallel and in series in a single cell, the circular elastic elements and the central stiffness element are connected in parallel, the cells are connected in series in the whole structure, the multi-cascade elastic element combination can fully exert the characteristics of the circular elastic elements, the stiffness and vibration isolation effect are separated, and the optimized design is facilitated.

(4) The invention has the advantages of convenience and quickness in construction, maintenance and replacement, and is applicable to vibration isolation of building foundations, vibration isolation of ships and vibration isolation of large power machines except the field of rail transit.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural sectional view of embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the main body of the multiple cascade phononic crystal vibration isolator according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is an exploded view of a phononic crystal main structure unit cell according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a load-bearing top plate according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a comparison diagram of three forms of the elastic member of embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the vibration isolator outer cylinder according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a phononic crystal substructure of embodiment 2 of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a schematic view of a main structure of a phononic crystal according to embodiment 3 of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a main body sectional view of a phononic crystal of embodiment 3 of the present invention.

Reference numerals: 1-cover plate, 2-vibration isolator outer cylinder, 3-heightening spacer, 4-bearing top plate, 5-main mass element, 6-auxiliary mass element, 7-central stiffness element, 8-circumferential elastic element, 9-vibration isolator inner cylinder, 10-limiting groove, 11-force transmission pressure plate, 12-cover plate screw hole and 13-bearing top plate screw hole.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.

< multiple cascade phononic crystal vibration isolator >

Example 1

As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment is a multiple cascade photonic crystal vibration isolator, which is a cylindrical structure and includes an outer cylinder, a main structure and an inner cylinder. The vibration isolator inner cylinder structure comprises a bearing top plate 4 and an inner cylinder 9; the multi-cascade phononic crystal vibration isolator main body structure comprises a main mass element 5, an auxiliary mass element 6, a central stiffness element 7 and a circumferential elastic element 8.

The main body structure (figure 2) of the multi-cascade phononic crystal vibration isolator is arranged in the inner cylinder 9 and is formed by combining a plurality of phononic crystal cells (figure 3), and each cell consists of a mass element and an elastic element; the mass element is of a cylindrical or hollow cylindrical structure and comprises a main mass element 5 and an auxiliary mass element 6, and the main mass element and the auxiliary mass element are combined in series by two layers of elastic elements; said elastic elements are acted upon in parallel by a central stiffness element 7 and a circumferential elastic element 8. The central stiffness element 7 is coaxially arranged with the primary mass element 5 and the secondary mass element 6, passes through the primary mass element 5 to connect the adjacent upper and lower secondary mass elements 6, is not in contact with the primary mass element 5, and is provided with a circular groove in the middle of the secondary mass element 6 so as to position and fix the central stiffness element 7; a plurality of circumferential elastic elements 8 are arranged in a circumferential array connecting adjacent primary 5 and secondary 6 mass elements with circular grooves in their respective positions to locate and fix the circumferential elastic elements 8. It should be noted that fig. 1 shows the structure in a state of being free from external force, in which the elastic element is in contact with the mass element and only under the action of the gravity of the structure.

A bearing top plate 4 (shown in figure 4) is connected to the upper auxiliary mass element 6, three screw holes 13 are uniformly formed in the short shaft of the bearing top plate 4 to connect the height-adjusting gasket 3, the upper surface of the gasket is connected with the outer cylinder 2 of the vibration isolator through a force transmission pressing plate 11 to transmit the vibration of a floating plate (a main vibration system), and a limiting groove 10 is formed in the bottom of the inner cylinder 9 of the vibration isolator and is in mortise and tenon connection or bolt connection with a basic embedded cylindrical part; a force transmission pressure plate 11 is arranged at a position (1/4-1/3 positions according to actual requirements) of the vibration isolator outer cylinder 2 away from the top 1/3, and the thickness and the number of the heightening base plates 3 are selected according to requirements in actual installation; the top of the vibration isolator outer cylinder 2 is sealed by a cover plate 1 and is fixed through a cover plate screw hole 12.

Wherein, the primary mass element 5 and the secondary mass element 6 can be made of metal material, and the circumferential elastic element 8 can be selected from steel spring, rubber column and other high polymer material spring, as shown in fig. 5. The mass element is of a cylindrical or hollow cylindrical structure, and is preferably made of a metal material or an alloy material.

The primary mass element 5 can also be designed into a laminated phononic crystal substructure, which is composed of several layers of hollow discs of different materials, preferably a 3-cycle unit cell vulcanized by metal layers and rubber layers.

The thickness of the primary mass element 5 may be set to 30-50mm and the thickness of the secondary mass element 6 may be set to 5-10 mm.

Wherein the circumferential elastic elements 8 are arranged in a circumferential array, provided in an odd number, preferably 5 or 7, for ensuring structural stability.

The force transmission pressing plate 11 of the outer cylinder 2 of the vibration isolator is divided into an upper pressing plate and a lower pressing plate, the force transmission pressing plate and the outer cylinder are integrated, as shown in fig. 6, a certain distance is reserved between the upper pressing plate and the outer cylinder, the requirement of height adjustment can be met in actual installation, and a gap between the lower pressing plate and the bearing top plate 4 is filled by the height adjustment gasket 3.

The limiting groove 10 of the inner cylinder 9 of the vibration isolator needs to be provided with a corresponding limiter, the limiter is installed on a foundation road bed, and in addition, the hole at the bottom of the outer cylinder 2 of the vibration isolator for installing the inner cylinder structure of the vibration isolator also has a certain horizontal limiting effect on the inner cylinder 9 of the vibration isolator.

Example 2

This embodiment is a multiple cascade phononic crystal vibration isolator having a phononic crystal substructure, the basic structure of which is identical to that described in embodiment 1. In particular, in this embodiment, the structure of the primary mass element in embodiment 1 is redesigned, as shown in fig. 7, a photonic crystal secondary structure with 3 cycles is disposed in the solid portion of the primary mass element 5, and 2-4 cycles may also be disposed as required, the secondary structure cells are formed by alternately overlapping a metal layer (e.g., a steel layer) and a non-metal layer (e.g., a rubber layer), and form a primary and secondary cascade system with the photonic crystal primary structure, so that the primary and secondary mass elements have a certain degree of vibration reduction effect on both high and low frequency bands.

Example 3

This embodiment is a multi-cascade phononic crystal vibration isolator with an elastic element made of polymer material, and the basic structural composition is similar to that described in embodiment 1. In particular, the central stiffness element 7 is of cylindrical configuration and the circumferential elastic element 8 is of hollow cylindrical configuration in this embodiment. The central stiffness element 7 is preferably made of a hard polymer material (e.g., a synthetic resin material), the circumferential elastic element 8 is preferably made of a soft polymer material (e.g., a rubber material), and the main structure of the phononic crystal of this embodiment is shown in fig. 8 and 9.

< method of use >

The invention is an assembly structure, and the outer cylinder of the vibration isolator is embedded in the floating slab to form a main vibration system. Arranging a limiting device on the base corresponding to the central shaft of the outer cylinder, putting the main structure of the multi-cascade phononic crystal vibration isolator into the inner cylinder of the vibration isolator and carrying out fixed connection treatment to form the inner cylinder structure of the vibration isolator, putting the inner cylinder structure into the outer cylinder of the vibration isolator, and combining the limiting groove at the lower part of the inner cylinder of the vibration isolator with the limiting device to fix the main structure of the multi-cascade phononic crystal vibration isolator and carry out horizontal limiting, so that the vibration isolation effect of the multi-cascade phononic crystal vibration isolator on vertical vibration is fully exerted. Jacking the floating plate to a designed height, placing a height-adjusting gasket between a bearing top plate of the main structure of the multi-cascade phononic crystal vibration isolator and a force-transmitting pressure plate below the outer cylinder of the vibration isolator, fixing the height-adjusting gasket and the bearing top plate by using bolts, so that the force-transmitting pressure plate and the main structure of the multi-cascade phononic crystal vibration isolator realize vibration transmission through the height-adjusting gasket and the bearing top plate, and installing a cover plate and a cover plate bolt.

In practical application, the invention needs to be combined with a sensitive vibration frequency band of a field test to design a multi-cascade phononic crystal structure, and the vibration isolation frequency band can be adjusted within the range of 50-200Hz and 1000-2000 Hz. Through the limiting system, the multi-cascade phononic crystal vibration isolator can be effectively restrained from moving horizontally, so that the multi-cascade phononic crystal vibration isolator has a good vibration isolation effect on vertical vibration. In addition, the multi-cascade phononic crystal vibration isolator is convenient to install, can be compatible with an outer sleeve of the existing floating plate vibration isolator, reasonably sets the radial and height dimensions, can meet the reconstruction of the existing line, has strong applicability, and can be used for vibration isolation design in industries such as buildings, ships and the like.

The invention is based on the idea of multi-cascade, considers the cascade of the main structure and the secondary structure of the phononic crystal, and realizes the combined vibration isolation by generating a higher frequency band gap and a lower frequency band gap; the cascade connection of the central rigid element and the circumferential elastic element is considered, the characteristics of the circumferential elastic element are fully exerted on the premise that the structural rigidity meets the requirement, and the parameter optimization design is facilitated. In addition, the vibration isolator has the characteristics of convenience in installation, good compatibility with the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder of the existing floating plate vibration isolator and the like, so that the vibration isolator has wide applicability in the field of vibration attenuation and noise reduction of rail transit.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.