阅读说明：本技术 一种稠油破乳的装置和方法 (Device and method for demulsifying thickened oil ) 是由 何佳 杨秀娜 阮宗琳 于 2019-10-31 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种稠油破乳的装置和方法,包括溶气系统、流速增加系统和减压膨胀系统；所述溶气系统是利用物料混合罐将气体溶解分散到稠油原料内,形成油包气型流体,经出料管路Ⅰ由进料口Ⅰ进入流速增加系统的流速增加反应器,在缩径器和减压设备Ⅰ作用下,物料经过压力减小和通道体积减小的双重作用力,流速得到提高,经出料管路Ⅱ由进料口Ⅱ进入减压膨胀系统的减压膨胀器,在减压设备Ⅱ的作用下,物料体积膨胀,进入扩径器,在亲油纤维填料层作用下油水界面膜破裂,实现强制破乳。本发明采用的是物理方法破坏乳化界面膜的原理,不存在化学分子之间的结合,因此能够处理的乳化稠油原料范围十分广泛,尤其能够处理那些破乳难度大的物料；解决现有技术中产生二次污染、破乳效率低、适应性差、破乳难度大的问题,提高破乳效率,缩短破乳时间。(A device and a method for demulsifying thickened oil comprise a dissolved air system, a flow rate increasing system and a decompression expansion system; the gas dissolving system is characterized in that gas is dissolved and dispersed in a thick oil raw material by utilizing a material mixing tank to form an oil-in-gas type fluid, the fluid enters a flow velocity increasing reactor of a flow velocity increasing system from a feed inlet I through a discharge pipeline I, the flow velocity of the material is improved by double acting forces of pressure reduction and channel volume reduction under the action of a reducer and a pressure reducing device I, the material enters a pressure reducing expander of the pressure reducing expansion system from a feed inlet II through a discharge pipeline II, the volume of the material expands under the action of a pressure reducing device II and enters an expander, and an oil-water interface membrane is broken under the action of an oleophylic fiber packing layer to realize forced demulsification. The invention adopts the principle that the physical method destroys the emulsification interface membrane, and the combination between chemical molecules does not exist, so the range of the raw materials of the emulsified thick oil which can be processed is very wide, and particularly, the materials with large demulsification difficulty can be processed; the problems of secondary pollution, low demulsification efficiency, poor adaptability and high demulsification difficulty in the prior art are solved, the demulsification efficiency is improved, and the demulsification time is shortened.)

1. The device for demulsifying the thickened oil is characterized by comprising a gas dissolving system, a flow rate increasing system and a pressure reduction expansion system;

the gas dissolving system comprises a material mixing tank and a gas dissolving device connected with the material mixing tank;

the discharge pipeline I of the gas dissolving equipment is connected with a flow rate increasing system and comprises a flow rate increasing reactor connected with the tail end of the discharge pipeline I and a pressure reducing equipment I connected to the discharge pipeline II of the flow rate increasing reactor; the device comprises a flow rate increasing reactor, a feed inlet I, one or more diameter reducers, a discharge pipeline I, a discharge outlet I and a discharge pipeline II, wherein the feed inlet I at the upper end of the flow rate increasing reactor is connected with the discharge pipeline I;

the discharge pipeline II is connected with a decompression expansion system and comprises a decompression expander and a decompression device II connected with the decompression expander, a feed inlet II at the upper end of the decompression expander is connected with the discharge pipeline II, the feed inlet II is connected with one or more expanders, each expander is a container with one end with a small inner diameter and the other end with a large inner diameter, the feed inlet II is connected with one end with a small inner diameter, and the end with a large inner diameter is connected with a discharge outlet II; and the inside of the expanding device is filled with an oleophylic fiber filler layer.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the air dissolving device is selected from any one or a combination of air dissolving pump, static mixer, micro bubble generator and mechanical stirrer.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the feed inlet I and the feed inlet II are one or more, and when the feed inlet is one, the feed inlet has a relatively large diameter corresponding to the openings of the plurality of diameter reducers or diameter expanders at the lower part of the feed inlet, and when the feed inlet is a plurality of feed inlets, each feed inlet can correspond to the openings of 1 or more diameter reducers or diameter expanders.

4. The device according to claim 1, wherein the diameter reducer has an internal diameter of 15-200mm, the internal diameter decreasing by 1-75%, preferably 5-30%, per meter height on average.

5. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner diameter of the expander is 15-200mm, increasing by 1-75%, preferably 5-30%, per meter height on average.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the diameter reducer has a pressure drop of between 1kpa and 500 kpa.

7. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the discharge pipeline I is further connected with a ventilation and pressurization device, and the ventilation and pressurization device adopts any one of a compressor, a pressurization tank or a pressurization steel cylinder, and can pressurize gas to be injected into the discharge pipeline I.

8. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the pressure reducing device I is selected from any one of an action type pressure reducing valve, a piston type pressure reducing valve, a diaphragm type pressure reducing valve, a direct type pressure reducing valve, and a pilot type pressure reducing valve.

9. The device according to claim 1, wherein the oleophilic fiber packing layer is further woven by composite fiber yarns formed by weaving oleophilic and hydrophobic fiber yarns and hydrophilic and oleophobic fiber yarns together, and the weaving ratio of the hydrophilic and oleophobic fiber yarns to the oleophilic and hydrophobic fiber yarns is 1: 1.1-1: 10 by weight.

10. The device according to claim 9, wherein the oleophilic and hydrophobic fibers are selected from at least one of polyester fiber filaments, nylon fiber filaments, polyurethane fiber filaments, polypropylene fiber filaments, polyacrylonitrile fiber filaments and polyvinyl chloride fiber filaments, or from materials with oleophilic and hydrophobic treatment on the surface of the materials; the hydrophilic oleophobic fiber silk is selected from natural high molecular polymers with main chains or side chains carrying carboxyl, amino or hydroxyl, or is selected from materials of which the surfaces are subjected to hydrophilic oleophobic treatment.

11. The device according to claim 9, wherein the diameter of the composite fiber filament woven by the oleophilic and hydrophobic fiber filament and the hydrophilic and oleophobic fiber filament is 0.5-50 μm.

12. The device of claim 9 wherein said oleophilic fiber filler layer has a layered structure of composite fiber filaments woven from stacked fiber layers having a pattern on the surface thereof, the layered structure being perpendicular to the direction of fluid feed.

13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the layered structure having the pattern on the surface means that the composite fiber yarn is woven to have the pattern of the X-shaped, V-shaped, 8-shaped, Ω -shaped, drop-shaped, diamond-shaped, square-shaped, rectangular-shaped, circular-shaped, oval-shaped or hexagonal structure on the surface so as to have the frame and lattice structures.

14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the frame has nodes therebetween.

15. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the discharge port II is further connected with a device for pressurizing or assisting in pressurizing the material in the discharge port II by any one selected from a material pumping pump, a pressure boosting pump and a pipeline pump so as to promote the outflow of the discharge.

16. A method for demulsifying thick oil by using the device of any one of claims 1-15, comprising the following steps: adding a thickened oil raw material and gas into a material mixing tank, conveying the mixture to a gas dissolving device for mixing and dissolving, dissolving and dispersing the gas into the thickened oil to obtain an oil-in-gas type mixed material, entering a flow rate increasing reactor of a flow rate increasing system from a feed inlet I through a discharge pipeline I, enabling the material to be subjected to double acting forces of pressure reduction and channel volume reduction under the action of a reducer and a pressure reducing device I, improving the flow rate, entering a pressure reducing expander of the pressure reducing expansion system from a feed inlet II through a discharge pipeline II, expanding the volume of the material under the action of a pressure reducing device II, entering an expander, and breaking an oil-water interface membrane under the action of an oleophylic fiber packing layer to realize forced emulsion breaking.

17. The method according to claim 16, wherein the ratio of the gas flow rate added to the thick oil raw material to be treated in the material mixing tank to the volume of the thick oil raw material is 1: 10-1: 600, preferably 1: 80-1: 200.

18. The process of claim 16, wherein the heavy oil feedstock is treated by adding water or diluent oil to reduce the viscosity of the heavy oil feedstock to less than or equal to 500Cp and then used as the heavy oil feedstock.

19. The method of claim 16, wherein the operating conditions of the dissolved air system are as follows: the temperature is normal temperature to 200 ℃, and the pressure is 0.3 to 10.0 MPa.

20. The method of claim 16, wherein the residence time of the material in the reducer is between 0.1 and 10.0 minutes.

21. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that the operating conditions of the pressurizing means are as follows: the temperature is normal temperature to 200 ℃, and the pressure is 3.0 to 10.0 MPa.

22. The method of claim 16, wherein the residence time of the material in the expander is 0.1 to 20.0 minutes.

23. The method of claim 16, wherein the operating conditions of the reduced pressure expander are as follows: the temperature is normal temperature to 120 ℃, and the pressure is 1KPa to 1000 KPa.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of petrochemical industry, and particularly relates to a thickened oil demulsification device and a method for demulsifying thickened oil by using the same.

Background

Reserves of conventional crude oil as petroleum resources are exploitedThe quality of the residual recoverable crude oil is gradually deteriorated, and the deterioration and the heaviness of the crude oil become more and more obvious. The recoverable reserves of thick oil, super thick oil and natural asphalt which are proved in the world at present exceed 4000 multiplied by 10⁸t, is 2.7 times of the exploratory recoverable reserve of the conventional crude oil and accounts for more than 70 percent of the total reserve of the crude oil in the world. The heavy oil reserves in China are very rich, the recovery quantity and the processing quantity of the heavy oil are huge, the heavy oil is high-viscosity heavy crude oil which has great difference with the conventional crude oil in composition and property, the characteristics of the heavy oil are different from the conventional crude oil, the heavy oil has high viscosity and density and high content of colloid and asphaltene, and the crude oil emulsion is stable, so that the demulsification, desalination and dehydration of the heavy oil are quite difficult, the demulsification of the heavy oil becomes a technical difficulty to overcome, and the research on the demulsification of the heavy oil is one of the current hot subjects.

Compared with the conventional crude oil, the thickened oil has high density and large year, contains a large amount of colloid, asphaltene, organic acid and the like, has a very complex structure, and the colloid and the asphaltene are natural emulsifiers and can be adsorbed on the surface of water drops to form a firm interfacial film, so that the thickened oil emulsion is more stable than the conventional crude oil emulsion. A great deal of research shows that the thick oil with high content of colloid and asphaltene forms stable emulsion because colloid and asphaltene molecules contain a certain amount of polar groups, and the polar groups are dispersed in the oil product in the form of small drops or tiny particles, so that the thick oil forms stable emulsified crude oil.

The existing thick oil demulsification technology comprises a heating method, an electrochemical method, a chemical method, a microbiological method, a physical method or a combination of a plurality of methods, wherein the chemical method, namely adding a chemical agent is the most common method for demulsification of the existing thick oil, but the method of adding the chemical agent has the problems that the method cannot be generally applied to demulsification of various types of thick oil and demulsification is not complete; the electrochemical method is to utilize the attraction or repulsion action of the electric field force to emulsion droplets to make the tiny droplets mutually collide in motion and aggregate the small droplets into larger droplets for separation, and in the method, because a plurality of colloid asphaltenes in the emulsified crude oil can not be polarized, good demulsification effect can not be achieved; the centrifugal method is that water is discharged from the outer layer and oil phase is discharged from the middle part of the centrifuge under the action of centrifugal force generated by centrifugal machinery, and the method is not widely applied because the structure of the centrifuge is complex and the demulsification effect is not ideal; the ultrafiltration method belongs to a physical demulsification method, and is characterized in that emulsified oil passes through an ultrafiltration membrane, the characteristics that the pore diameter of the ultrafiltration membrane is smaller than that of oil drops are utilized, only water is allowed to pass through, and the oil drops with the pore diameter larger than that of the membrane are blocked, so that the purpose of separating the emulsified oil from the emulsified oil is achieved. In conclusion, the physical demulsification method is a good thickened oil demulsification method, but a new process, supporting equipment and demulsification materials need to be developed, and an effective method is adopted to demulsify thickened oil, complete oil-water separation and solve the problems in the conventional thickened oil demulsification process.

CN109337713A proposes a method for demulsifying water in oil field, which is characterized in that: at least comprises a filter, a current stabilizer, a cyclone emulsion breaker and a coalescence emulsion breaker; after impurities in the liquid are filtered by the water-in-oil emulsion from the liquid inlet pipe through the filter, the water-in-oil emulsion enters the flow stabilizer through the connecting pipeline, the water-in-oil emulsion is stabilized and buffered through the flow stabilizer, gas and liquid are separated, and separated associated gas enters a gas pipeline at the top of the flow stabilizer and is output; the separated oil and water enters the bottom inlet of the cyclone emulsion breaker through an emulsified oil and water connecting pipeline; after high-speed rotational flow movement is carried out in the rotational flow emulsion breaker, the oil enters the coalescence emulsion breaker through an oil outlet pipeline of the rotational flow emulsion breaker and an oil-containing sewage outlet pipe respectively, after rectification and emulsion breaking are carried out by the coalescence emulsion breaker, the water-in-oil emulsion is decomposed into water and oil for the second time, the decomposed water and oil are collected to an oil-water mixing pipeline and are combined with a gas pipeline, and the water and oil are mixed by a gas-liquid mixing pipe

The oil-water separation is carried out by sending the oil-water separation path to a separation device. The method adopts a physical demulsification method and adopts a cyclone and a coalescer device for demulsification, which is a conventional technology and conventional equipment and is difficult to achieve an ideal demulsification effect on a stable thickened oil system.

CN109722274A provides a demulsification and dehydration device for aged crude oil, which comprises a box body, wherein a constant-temperature circulating system is arranged in the box body to provide high-temperature active water, an oil overflow port is arranged at the upper part of the box body, at least one rotary rolling and demulsification mechanism is arranged in the box body, each rotary rolling and demulsification mechanism is composed of a fixed end surface and a rotary end surface opposite to the fixed end surface, the two end surfaces are mutually matched to perform rotary motion, and the fixed end surface is provided with a crude oil inlet hole for the aged crude oil and a matched liquid supply pipeline; the rotary end face is provided with rotary power by a mechanical transmission device and is provided with a spring applying mechanism. The demulsification method adopted by the device is a physical method, and mainly comprises the steps of carrying out rotary rolling and rubbing on the materials by using a rotary rolling and rubbing demulsification mechanism, namely carrying out strong vibration mixing on the materials, and further enhancing the emulsification degree of the materials.

CN109364531A provides an electrostatic rotational flow demulsification device and application thereof, and the device comprises an insulation breaker

A milk main body, an insulating case, an electrode assembly, and a power generator; the electrode assembly consists of a first insulating electrode and a second insulating electrode, the insulating demulsification main body consists of a cylindrical section cavity, a first conical section cavity, a second conical section cavity and a tail pipe from top to bottom in sequence, and hydrophilic materials are lined on the inner wall of the cylindrical section cavity, the inner wall of the first conical section cavity and the inner wall of the second conical section cavity; the first insulating electrode is inserted into an annular cavity between the outer wall of the insulating demulsification main body and the inner wall of the insulating shell, and the second insulating electrode is inserted into a cylindrical section cavity and a first conical section of the insulating demulsification main body

A chamber and a second section chamber; the power generator is arranged outside the insulating shell and is connected with the first insulating electrode and the second insulating electrode through insulating wires. The electrostatic rotational flow demulsification device is applied to demulsification treatment of the water-in-oil type emulsion, so that the collision frequency of water drops in the emulsion can be increased, and the coalescence efficiency of the water drops and the use safety and stability are improved. In the method, because a plurality of colloid asphaltenes in the emulsified crude oil can not be polarized, a good demulsification effect can not be achieved.

In conclusion, the physical demulsification device and the physical demulsification method which have the advantages of good demulsification effect, simple process, low material consumption and wide applicability are developed, the problems of complex process, unsatisfactory demulsification effect, high material consumption, few applicable types of thickened oil and the like in the demulsification method in the prior art are solved, and the physical demulsification device and the physical demulsification method have important significance.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the lack of a device capable of efficiently demulsifying the thick oil in the prior art, the invention provides a device and a method for demulsifying the thick oil.

In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

the technical purpose of the first aspect of the invention is to provide a device for demulsifying thickened oil, which comprises a gas dissolving system, a flow rate increasing system and a pressure reduction expansion system;

the gas dissolving system comprises a material mixing tank and a gas dissolving device connected with the material mixing tank;

the discharge pipeline I of the gas dissolving equipment is connected with a flow rate increasing system and comprises a flow rate increasing reactor connected with the tail end of the discharge pipeline I and a pressure reducing equipment I connected to the discharge pipeline II of the flow rate increasing reactor; the device comprises a flow rate increasing reactor, a feed inlet I, one or more diameter reducers, a discharge pipeline I, a discharge outlet I and a discharge pipeline II, wherein the feed inlet I at the upper end of the flow rate increasing reactor is connected with the discharge pipeline I;

the discharge pipeline II is connected with a decompression expansion system and comprises a decompression expander and a decompression device II connected with the decompression expander, a feed inlet II at the upper end of the decompression expander is connected with the discharge pipeline II, the feed inlet II is connected with one or more expanders, each expander is a container with one end with a small inner diameter and the other end with a large inner diameter, the feed inlet II is connected with one end with a small inner diameter, and the end with a large inner diameter is connected with a discharge outlet II; and the inside of the expanding device is filled with an oleophylic fiber filler layer.

As will be understood by those skilled in the art, the gas dissolving system is to mix the thick oil with water or diluent by using a material mixing tank, introduce a large amount of gas, and dissolve and disperse the gas into the liquid raw material by using container equipment to form the gas-in-oil type fluid. The flow velocity increasing system is used for pressurizing the oil-in-gas type fluid through the reducer so as to increase the flow velocity of the material; the decompression expansion system rapidly decompresses to enable dissolved gas in the gas-in-oil type fluid to rapidly expand and dissolve out, and rapidly penetrates through the oleophylic fiber filler layer to destroy an oil-water interface film under the pushing of strong flow velocity to finish demulsification.

Furthermore, the gas dissolving device adopts a mechanical device or a static mixing device and other devices with the function of mixing dissolved gas; more specifically, the mixing device is selected from any one or a combination of a dissolved air pump, a static mixer, a microbubble generator and a mechanical stirrer.

Furthermore, the feed inlet I and the feed inlet II are one or more, when the feed inlet is one, the feed inlet has a larger diameter and corresponds to the openings of a plurality of diameter reducers or diameter expanders at the lower part of the feed inlet, and when the feed inlet is a plurality of feed inlets, each feed inlet can correspond to the openings of 1 or a plurality of diameter reducers or diameter expanders.

Furthermore, the inner surface of the reducer is a smooth curved surface, and the inner diameter can be reduced uniformly or non-uniformly. The diameter reducer has an inner diameter of 15-200mm, and the inner diameter of the diameter reducer is reduced by 1-75%, preferably 5-30%, per average height meter.

Furthermore, the inner surface of the expanding device is a smooth curved surface, and the inner diameter can be uniformly or non-uniformly increased. The inner diameter of the expanding device is 15-200mm, and the inner diameter is increased by 1-75 percent, preferably 5-30 percent on the average height per meter.

Further, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the diameter reducer or the diameter expander is not limited to be installed in the flow rate increasing reactor or the pressure reducing expander in a vertical direction, and may be installed in any direction.

Further, the pressure drop of the diameter reducer is generally 1 to 500kpa, preferably 10 to 150 kpa. The reducer is used for increasing the flow velocity of the material and enhancing the shearing force between gas and liquid, so that the dissolving and dispersing effects of the gas in the liquid are improved, the static pressure energy of the fluid is converted into kinetic energy, the increase of the kinetic energy is inevitably accompanied with the loss of the static pressure energy, namely, the reducer can generate a certain pressure drop, the pressure drop needs to be within a certain range, the undersize pressure drop has undesirable effects on improving the dissolving and dispersing effects of the gas in the liquid, and the oversize pressure drop causes great static pressure energy loss, high energy consumption and uneconomic performance.

Furthermore, the discharge pipeline I is also connected with a ventilation pressurization device, high-pressure gas is injected into the fluid pipeline, a pressure control system is arranged on the high-pressure gas source pipeline and used for keeping the flow rate of the fluid passing through the diameter reducer, and the pressure is controlled by the pressure control system so as to keep the pressure and the flow state of the fluid stable. The ventilation and pressurization equipment adopts any one of a compressor, a pressurization tank or a pressurization steel cylinder and the like which can pressurize gas and then inject the gas into the discharge pipeline I.

Furthermore, the pressure reducing device I is used for reducing pressure, enabling the fluid to be rapidly pumped out and further increasing the flow rate of the fluid; the pressure reducing device I can adopt various pressure reducing valves to realize the functions, and as a more specific technical scheme, the pressure reducing device I is selected from any one of an action type pressure reducing valve, a piston type pressure reducing valve, a film type pressure reducing valve, a direct-acting type pressure reducing valve and a pilot type pressure reducing valve.

Further, the oleophylic fiber packing layer is formed by further weaving composite fiber yarns formed by weaving oleophylic hydrophobic fiber yarns and hydrophilic oleophobic fiber yarns together, wherein the weaving ratio of the hydrophilic oleophobic fiber yarns to the oleophylic hydrophobic fiber yarns is 1: 1.1-1: 10, preferably 1: 2-1: 5; the oleophylic and hydrophobic fiber yarns account for more parts, so the whole filler layer is oleophylic.

Further, the oleophylic and hydrophobic fibers are selected from at least one of polyester fiber yarns, nylon fiber yarns, polyurethane fiber yarns, polypropylene fiber yarns, polyacrylonitrile fiber yarns and polyvinyl chloride fiber yarns, or are selected from materials of which the surfaces are subjected to oleophylic and hydrophobic treatment; the hydrophilic oleophobic fiber is selected from natural high molecular polymers with carboxyl, amino or hydroxyl on the main chain or side chain, such as polypropylene fiber, or from materials with hydrophilic oleophobic treatment on the surface of the materials.

Furthermore, the diameter of the composite fiber yarn formed by weaving the oleophylic hydrophobic fiber yarn and the hydrophilic oleophobic fiber yarn is 0.5-50 μm.

Furthermore, the oleophylic fiber filler layer has a layered structure with patterns on the surface, and the layered structure is vertical to the feeding direction of the fluid. The layered structure with patterns on the surface is more specifically that the composite fiber yarns are woven into the patterns with X-shaped, V-shaped, 8-shaped, omega-shaped, drop-shaped, rhombic, square, rectangular, circular, oval or hexagonal structures on the surface, so that the patterns have a frame and grid structure.

Furthermore, the node is arranged between the frames, so that the crushing effect can be enhanced. The node is a convex structure formed by knotting composite fiber filaments for multiple times at the intersection point between the frame and the frame, and is used for enabling dispersed phase small drops to be aggregated into large drops at the position and to be aggregated into a flow; the size of the node is measured by the knotting times of the composite fiber yarns, and is generally 1-10 times, preferably 2-4 times.

Further, the net size in the oleophylic fiber packing layer is determined by the density degree of weaving of composite fiber silk, and the density degree of weaving of composite fiber silk influences the pressure drop of packing layer, generally require every 1 meter height packing layer pressure drop be not more than 0.1MPa can, higher pressure drop means that the net is intensive in the packing layer, the cellosilk is in large quantity, it is many to viscous oil liquid drop breakdown of emulsion frequency, but can reduce the speed that the material passes through the packing layer, cause the material to be detained and reduce emulsion breaking efficiency even, lower pressure drop means that the net is sparse in the packing layer, the cellosilk is in small quantity, few to viscous oil emulsion breaking frequency, but can improve the speed that the material passes through the packing layer, thereby improve emulsion breaking effect, nevertheless too low pressure drop can reduce emulsion breaking equipment's overall efficiency.

Furthermore, the pressure reduction equipment II is used for pumping out gas released by the instant expansion of the fluid, reducing the pressure in the pressure reduction expander, increasing the driving force of the materials passing through the oleophylic fiber packing layer, accelerating the damage of an interfacial film of the emulsion and improving the emulsion breaking efficiency. The pressure reduction device II is preferably a vacuum pump.

Furthermore, the discharge port II is also connected with a device which can pressurize or assist to increase the pressure of the materials in the discharge port II and is selected from any one of a material pumping pump, a booster pump and a pipeline pump, so as to promote the outflow of the discharged materials.

The technical purpose of the second aspect of the invention is to provide a method for demulsifying thickened oil by using the device, which comprises the following steps: adding a thickened oil raw material and gas into a material mixing tank, conveying the mixture to a gas dissolving device for mixing and dissolving, dissolving and dispersing the gas into the thickened oil to obtain an oil-in-gas type mixed material, entering a flow rate increasing reactor of a flow rate increasing system from a feed inlet I through a discharge pipeline I, enabling the material to be subjected to double acting forces of pressure reduction and channel volume reduction under the action of a reducer and a pressure reducing device I, improving the flow rate, entering a pressure reducing expander of the pressure reducing expansion system from a feed inlet II through a discharge pipeline II, expanding the volume of the material under the action of a pressure reducing device II, entering an expander, and breaking an oil-water interface membrane under the action of an oleophylic fiber packing layer to realize forced emulsion breaking.

Further, the gas flow (Nm) added to the thick oil raw material to be treated in the material mixing tank³H) and the heavy oil raw material (m)³The volume ratio of the component (b)/h) is 1:10 to 1:600, preferably 1:80 to 1:200, wherein the gas volume is calculated by the gas volume in a standard state.

Further, the thick oil raw material is selected from crude oil with relative density of more than 0.92 (20 ℃) and viscosity of more than 50Cp, or from emulsified oil products such as heavy dirty oil, oily sewage and coal tar, or from emulsified oil products after crude oil electric desalting or cut emulsified oily sewage.

Furthermore, according to the properties of the thick oil raw material, water or diluent oil can be added for processing, so that the viscosity of the thick oil raw material is reduced to be less than or equal to 500Cp, and then the thick oil raw material is used as the thick oil feed.

Further, the operating conditions of the dissolved air system are as follows: the temperature is normal temperature to 200 ℃, preferably 60 to 120 ℃; the pressure is 0.3 to 10.0MPa, preferably 3.0 to 6.0 MPa.

Further, the residence time of the material in the diameter reducer is 0.1-10.0 minutes, preferably 0.5-5.0 minutes.

Further, as one of the preferable embodiments, high-pressure gas is added into the material in the discharge pipeline I through a pressurizing device, so that the mixing uniformity of the gas-in-oil type mixed material is enhanced; the gas is preferably the same as the gas in which the material is initially dissolved, and is chosen in particular from nitrogen, air or an inert gas, preferably nitrogen.

Further, the operating conditions of the pressurizing apparatus are as follows: the temperature is normal temperature to 200 ℃, preferably 60 to 120 ℃; the pressure is 3.0 to 10.0MPa, preferably 5.0 to 8.0 MPa.

Furthermore, the residence time of the materials in the expanding device is 0.1-20.0 minutes, preferably 3-10 minutes, the demulsification rate reaches over 95 percent, and the demulsification effect is further improved by further prolonging the residence time and increasing the volume of equipment.

Further, the operating conditions of the decompression expander are as follows: the temperature is normal temperature to 120 ℃, preferably 50 to 80 ℃; the pressure is from 1KPa to 1000KPa, preferably from 150KPa to 550 KPa.

It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the prior art has many disadvantages in the field of thickened oil demulsification, such as secondary pollution problem in chemical demulsification, and problems in physical demulsification, such as unsatisfactory demulsification effect, low demulsification efficiency, long flow, high energy consumption, and complex equipment structure, because the thickened oil has very complex composition, contains a large amount of colloid, asphaltene, organic acid, etc., the colloid and asphaltene are natural emulsifiers, and can be adsorbed on the surface of water droplets to form a firm interface film, demulsification can only be performed on part of the thickened oil components by using common chemical agents, so that the demulsification rate is low, a composite demulsifier with multiple compositions needs to be developed, and because the compositions of each thickened oil are very different, the demulsifier has no general purpose type, and it is difficult to achieve demulsification of different types of thickened oil. In addition, by adopting a physical demulsification method, because the emulsifiers such as colloid and asphaltene are adsorbed on the surface of water drops to form a firm interface film, the conventional methods such as high-voltage electric field, cyclone separation, microwave oscillation and the like can only destroy part of unstable interface films, and thus the ideal demulsification effect is not achieved. The device and the method firstly enable the thickened oil raw material and the gas to form the gas-in-oil type fluid, then pressurize the gas-in-oil type raw material to increase the flow rate, and enable the dissolved gas in the gas-in-oil type raw material to rapidly expand and dissolve out, and the rapid expansion process of the volume of the dissolved gas can carry and push the emulsified oil to pass through the filler layer with a special structure, thereby leading the firm oil-water interface membrane to be broken and realizing the forced emulsion breaking.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

(1) in the device and the method, as the principle that the physical method is adopted to destroy the emulsification interface membrane is adopted, and no combination of chemical molecules exists, the range of the raw materials of the emulsified thick oil which can be treated is very wide, and particularly, the materials with high demulsification difficulty can be treated; the method can solve the problems of secondary pollution, low demulsification efficiency, poor adaptability and high demulsification difficulty in the demulsification process in the prior art, improve the demulsification efficiency and shorten the demulsification time;

(2) in the device and the method, the flow velocity increasing system and the decompression expansion system are arranged, so that the thickened oil raw material of the dissolved gas is suddenly increased in flow velocity and suddenly expanded in volume, and forced demulsification is performed under the action of the fiber packing layer, so that the device and the method are suitable for the thickened oil raw material with complex components, and have the advantages of ingenious design, good demulsification effect and low cost;

(3) more specifically, in the process of passing the thickened oil raw material through the fiber packing layer with a special structure, water drops after demulsification are coalesced and grown at the node position of the frame of the packing layer, and gradually settle after growth, so that oil and water can be directly separated, and demulsification and oil-water separation are carried out at the same time.

Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.

Drawings

FIG. 1. the thickened oil demulsification apparatus of example 1;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an oleophilic fiber packing layer;

the system comprises a gas dissolving system 10, a flow rate increasing system 20, a pressure reducing expansion system 30, a material mixing tank 11, a gas dissolving pump 12, a discharge pipeline 13, a discharge pipeline I, a flow rate increasing reactor 21, a feed inlet I, a feed reducer 23, a discharge outlet I, a discharge outlet 25, a discharge pipeline II, a discharge pipeline 26, a piston type pressure reducing valve 27, a pressure tank 31, a pressure reducing expander 32, a feed inlet II, a discharge outlet 33, an expander 34, an oleophylic fiber packing layer 35, a discharge outlet II, a discharge outlet 36, a vacuum pump 37, a pipeline pump 341, a frame 342, a diamond grid 343 and a node.

Detailed Description

The following describes in detail specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.

The device for demulsifying the thickened oil comprises a gas dissolving system 10, a flow rate increasing system 20 and a pressure reducing expansion system 30; as shown in fig. 1:

the air dissolving system comprises a material mixing tank 11 and an air dissolving pump 12 connected with the material mixing tank; the material mixing tank 11 is provided with a thick oil raw material inlet and a gas inlet for mixing the thick oil raw material inlet and the gas inlet.

The discharge pipeline I13 of the dissolved air pump 12 is connected with the flow rate increasing system 20 and comprises a flow rate increasing reactor 21 connected with the tail end of the discharge pipeline I13 and a piston type pressure reducing valve 26 connected with the discharge pipeline II 25 of the flow rate increasing reactor 21; the feeding port I22 at the upper end of the flow rate increasing reactor 21 is connected with a discharging pipeline I13, the discharging pipeline I13 is also connected with a pressurizing tank 27, the feeding port I22 is connected with 4 diameter reducers 23, each diameter reducer 23 is a container with a large inner diameter at one end and a small inner diameter at the other end, each diameter reducer is 2.5m high, the inner diameter of one end is 50mm, the inner diameter of the other end is 25mm, the end with the large inner diameter is connected with the feeding port I22, and the end with the small inner diameter is connected with the discharging port I24; the discharge port I24 is connected with a discharge pipeline II 25 of the flow rate increasing reactor 21;

the discharge pipeline II 25 is connected with a decompression expansion system 30 and comprises a decompression expander 31 and a vacuum pump 36 connected with the decompression expander, a feed inlet II 32 at the upper end of the decompression expander 31 is connected with the discharge pipeline II 25, the feed inlet II 32 is connected with 4 expanding devices 33, each expanding device 33 is a container with one end small in inner diameter and the other end large in inner diameter, each expanding device 33 is 3.2m high, the inner diameter of one end is 40mm, the inner diameter of the other end is 80mm, the end small in inner diameter is connected with the feed inlet II 32, and the end large in inner diameter is connected with the discharge outlet II 35; the expanding device 33 is filled with an oleophylic fiber packing layer 34, and the discharge port II 35 is also connected with a pipeline pump 37 for applying pressure to promote discharge outflow.

As shown in fig. 2, the oleophylic fiber filler layer 34 is a layered structure with patterns on the surface, which is formed by stacking fiber layers woven by composite fiber yarns, the diameter of the composite fiber yarn is 2 μm, the composite fiber yarn is woven by polypropylene fiber yarns (oleophylic hydrophobic fibers) and polypropylene fiber fibers (hydrophilic oleophobic fibers) according to the mass ratio of 4:1, the composite fiber yarn is woven into a fiber layer frame 341 with a diamond-shaped grid 342 on the surface, and a node 343 structure is arranged between the frame 341 and the frame 341, so that the coalescence and growth of liquid drops can be promoted, and oil-water separation can be realized. The pressure drop per meter of the oleophylic fiber filler layer is 0.025 MPa.

Example 2

Thickened oil demulsification was carried out using the apparatus of example 1: table 1 shows the properties of the heavy oil feedstock, which is heavily emulsified.

TABLE 1

The thick oil raw material and the gas are added into the material mixing tank 11 through a thick oil raw material inlet and a gas inlet which are connected with the material mixing tank 11, the thick oil raw material and the gas are mixed and conveyed into a gas dissolving pump 12 for mixing and dissolving,

gas is dissolved and dispersed in thick oil to obtain an oil-in-gas type mixed material, the mixed material enters a flow velocity increasing reactor 21 of a flow velocity increasing system 20 from a feeding hole I through a discharging pipeline I13, the flow velocity of the mixed material is improved through double acting forces of pressure reduction and channel volume reduction under the action of a reducer 23 and a pressure reducing device I26, the mixed material enters a pressure reducing expander 31 of a pressure reducing expansion system 30 from a feeding hole II 32 through a discharging pipeline II 25, the volume of the mixed material is rapidly expanded under the action of a vacuum pump 36 and enters an expander 33, and an oil-water interface membrane is broken under the action of an oleophylic fiber packing layer 34 to realize forced demulsification.

Gas flow (Nm) added to the thick oil feedstock to be treated in the material mixing tank³H) and the heavy oil raw material (m)³The volume ratio of the gas to the gas in the standard state is 1: 80. The operating conditions of the dissolved air system were as follows: the temperature was 70 ℃ and the pressure was 4.0 MPa.

The residence time of the material in the reducer was 1.2 minutes. High-pressure nitrogen is added into the material in the discharge pipeline I through a pressurizing tank pressurizing device, and the operating conditions of the pressurizing device are as follows: the temperature was 70 ℃ and the pressure was 5.0 MPa. The residence time of the material in the expander was 4.8 minutes. The operating conditions of the pressure reducing expander were as follows: the temperature was 60 ℃ and the pressure was 200 KPa.

After the treatment by the method, the demulsification rate of the material to be treated reaches 97 percent, the mixed material is statically separated for 15 to 30 minutes and clearly layered, and then the oil phase and the water phase are respectively analyzed to obtain the thickened oil with the water content of 4400 to 4650ppm and the water phase with the oil content of 0.38 to 0.41 weight percent.

Example 3

Thickened oil demulsification was carried out using the apparatus of example 1: table 2 shows the properties of the heavy oil feedstock, which is heavily emulsified.

TABLE 2

The thickened oil raw material and gas are added into a material mixing tank 11 through a thickened oil raw material inlet and a gas inlet which are connected with the material mixing tank 11, the thickened oil raw material and the gas are mixed and conveyed into a dissolved gas pump 12 to be mixed and dissolved, the gas is dissolved and dispersed into the thickened oil to obtain an oil-in-gas type mixed material, the mixed material enters a flow velocity increasing reactor 21 of a flow velocity increasing system 20 through a material inlet I13 through a material outlet pipeline I13, the flow velocity of the material is increased through double acting forces of pressure reduction and channel volume reduction under the action of a diameter reducer 23 and a pressure reducing device I26, the material enters a pressure reducing expander 31 of a pressure reducing expansion system 30 through a material inlet II 32 through a material outlet pipeline II 25, the volume of the material is rapidly expanded under the action of a vacuum pump 36, the material enters an expander 33, an oil-water interface membrane is broken under the action of oleophylic fibers.

The operating conditions of the dissolved air system were as follows: the temperature was 105 ℃ and the pressure was 5.5 MPa. The residence time of the material in the reducer was 4.2 minutes. High-pressure nitrogen is added into the material in the discharge pipeline I through a pressurizing device, and the operating conditions of the pressurizing device are as follows: the temperature is 80 ℃ and the pressure is 6.0 MPa. The residence time of the material in the expander was 6.8 minutes. The operating conditions of the pressure reducing expander were as follows: the temperature was 70 ℃ and the pressure was 350 KPa.

After the treatment by the method, the demulsification rate of the material to be treated reaches 97 percent, the mixed material is statically separated for 20 to 45 minutes and clearly layered, and then oil-water two phases are respectively analyzed to obtain the thickened oil with the water content of 4800 to 5200ppm and the water-phase oil with the oil content of 0.42 to 0.38wt percent.