阅读说明：本技术 一种应用复合材料过渡层的高铁闸片摩擦块及其制备方法 (High-speed rail brake pad friction block applying composite material transition layer and preparation method thereof ) 是由 郝文龙 蒋志文 刘英凯 刘建刚 周洋 陈磊 成照楠 王炳杰 范亚峰 于 2020-12-31 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种应用复合材料过渡层的高铁闸片摩擦块及其制备方法,包括依次连接的钢背、复合材料过渡层、摩擦材料,所述复合材料过渡层与摩擦材料采用相同的金属元素与配比,所述复合材料过渡层按重量份比由以下原料组成,金属粉70～100、非金属粉1～30,所述非金属粉包括无机非金属粉。本发明的复合材料过渡层连接摩擦材料与钢背,能使摩擦材料和钢背牢固结合,加入了少量无机非金属粉,使复合材料过渡层与摩擦材料的热膨胀性相当,降低复合材料过渡层与摩擦材料由于热膨胀性不同而产生裂纹的影响,也降低了在刹车过程中摩擦材料与钢背分离的风险。(The invention relates to a high-speed rail brake pad friction block applying a composite material transition layer and a preparation method thereof, and the high-speed rail brake pad friction block comprises a steel backing, the composite material transition layer and a friction material which are sequentially connected, wherein the composite material transition layer and the friction material adopt the same metal elements and proportion, the composite material transition layer is composed of the following raw materials, 70-100 parts by weight of metal powder and 1-30 parts by weight of non-metal powder, and the non-metal powder comprises inorganic non-metal powder. The composite material transition layer is connected with the friction material and the steel backing, so that the friction material and the steel backing can be firmly combined, a small amount of inorganic non-metal powder is added, the thermal expansion of the composite material transition layer is equivalent to that of the friction material, the influence of cracks generated by different thermal expansion of the composite material transition layer and the friction material is reduced, and the risk of separation of the friction material and the steel backing in the braking process is also reduced.)

1. The high-speed rail brake pad friction block applying the composite material transition layer is characterized by comprising a steel backing (1), the composite material transition layer (2) and a friction material (3) which are sequentially connected, wherein the composite material transition layer (2) and the friction material (3) adopt the same metal elements and proportion.

2. The high-speed rail brake pad friction block applying the composite material transition layer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the composite material transition layer (2) is 0.1-5 mm.

3. The high-speed rail brake pad friction block applying the composite material transition layer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composite material transition layer (2) is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight:

70-100 parts of metal powder and 1-30 parts of nonmetal powder;

the non-metal powder comprises inorganic non-metal powder.

4. The high-speed rail brake pad friction block applying the composite material transition layer as claimed in claim 3, wherein the metal powder in the composite material transition layer (2) is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight:

30-80 parts of copper powder and 10-35 parts of iron powder.

5. The high-speed rail brake pad friction block applying the composite material transition layer according to claim 3, wherein the inorganic non-metal powder is one or more of normal salt, oxide, carbide, nitride and graphite;

the normal salt is one or more of calcium sulfate, aluminum silicate and potassium titanate;

the oxide is one or more of titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, iron oxide, ferroferric oxide, aluminum oxide and silicon dioxide;

the carbide is one or more of chromium carbide, vanadium carbide, zirconium carbide, boron carbide and silicon carbide;

the nitride is one or more of aluminum nitride, titanium nitride and vanadium nitride.

6. The preparation method of the high-speed rail brake pad friction block applying the composite material transition layer, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

a. weighing raw materials of the composite material transition layer (2) according to the weight part ratio of the substances by using material weighing equipment, putting the raw materials into a three-dimensional mixer, and uniformly stirring for 0.5-4 h to obtain a mixture of the composite material transition layer;

b. pouring a friction material into a material cavity of a steel die, pouring a mixed material of a composite material transition layer after mixing into an upper layer of the friction material in the material cavity of the steel die, simultaneously pressing the mixed material of the composite material transition layer and the friction material to obtain a pressed blank, and performing cold press molding at a pressing pressure of 100-1500 MPa;

c. and (3) placing the steel backing on a pressed blank, and performing pressure sintering in a hydrogen atmosphere sintering furnace, wherein the sintering pressure is 2-6 MPa, the sintering temperature is 800-1000 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1-4 hours, so as to prepare the high-speed rail brake pad friction block applying the composite material transition layer.

7. The method for preparing a high-speed rail brake pad friction block with a composite material transition layer as claimed in claim 6, wherein the pressing pressure of the green compact in the step b is 100-1000 MPa.

8. The method for preparing a high-speed rail brake pad friction block with a composite material transition layer as claimed in claim 6, wherein the sintering pressure in the step c is 2-4 MPa.

9. The method for preparing a high-speed rail brake pad friction block with a composite material transition layer as claimed in claim 6, wherein the sintering temperature in the step c is 850-950 ℃.

10. The method for preparing the high-speed rail brake pad friction block applying the composite material transition layer as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized by comprising the following specific steps of:

weighing raw materials according to the weight part ratio of each material of the composite material transition layer (2) by using material weighing equipment, taking 70 parts of copper powder, 25 parts of iron powder, 2 parts of silicon carbide and 3 parts of aluminum nitride, putting the raw materials into a three-dimensional mixer, and uniformly stirring for 0.5-2.5 hours to obtain a mixture of the composite material transition layer;

pouring the friction material raw material into a material cavity of a steel die, pouring the mixed material of the composite material transition layer after mixing into the upper layer of the friction material in the material cavity of the steel die, simultaneously pressing the mixed material of the composite material transition layer and the friction material to obtain a pressed blank, and performing cold press molding at a pressing pressure of 700 MPa;

the steel backing (1) is placed on a pressed compact and is pressed and sintered in a hydrogen atmosphere sintering furnace, the sintering pressure is 3MPa, the sintering temperature is 900 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2.5 hours. And preparing the high-speed rail brake pad friction block applying the composite material transition layer.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a high-speed rail brake pad friction block applying a composite material transition layer and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of powder metallurgy materials.

Background

In recent years, the development of high-speed railways in China is rapid, and the achievement of drawing attention is achieved. From 2008 to 2017, the operating mileage of the high-speed railway in China is over 2.6 ten thousand kilometers in less than 10 years, and the operating mileage is expected to reach 3 ten thousand kilometers in 2020. In order to meet the development requirements of faster and safer high-speed trains, the high-speed train brake material has the characteristics of stable friction coefficient, excellent wear resistance and the like, and the high-speed trains at 300km/h and above all adopt powder metallurgy brake pads.

The powder metallurgy braking material is a composite material which is composed of a base component, a friction component and a lubricating component and is prepared by a powder metallurgy method. The copper-based brake material has the characteristics of stable friction factor, excellent wear resistance and heat resistance, good environmental adaptability, small damage to a brake disc and the like, and is widely applied to domestic and foreign high-speed trains.

The friction material of the brake pad of the existing high-speed train is directly sintered on a steel back, the friction material is mainly based on copper at present, and the steel back can be tightly connected after being subjected to copper plating treatment. However, with the development of high-speed trains, the speed of the trains is gradually increased, the load on the brake pad is increased, the temperature generated during braking is continuously increased, and in order to meet the requirements of stable friction coefficient and high strength at high speed, a large amount of non-metallic elements are added into the brake pad, so that the binding force between the friction material and the steel backing is reduced, the friction material is easily separated from the steel backing in the braking process, and great potential safety hazards are caused.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a high-speed rail brake pad friction block applying a composite material transition layer and a preparation method thereof, which can reduce the influence of cracks generated by the transition layer and the friction material due to different thermal expansion properties and can be tightly connected with the friction material and a steel backing.

The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:

the invention relates to a high-speed rail brake pad friction block applying a composite material transition layer, which comprises a steel backing, the composite material transition layer and a friction material which are sequentially connected, wherein the composite material transition layer and the friction material adopt the same metal elements and proportion.

The high-speed rail brake pad friction block applying the composite material transition layer is 0.1-5 mm thick.

The high-speed rail brake pad friction block applying the composite material transition layer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

70-100 parts of metal powder and 1-30 parts of nonmetal powder;

the non-metal powder comprises inorganic non-metal powder.

The high-speed rail brake pad friction block applying the composite material transition layer is characterized in that metal powder in the composite material transition layer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight:

30-80 parts of copper powder and 10-35 parts of iron powder.

Preferably, the inorganic non-metal powder is one or more of normal salt, oxide, carbide, nitride and graphite;

the normal salt is one or more of calcium sulfate, aluminum silicate and potassium titanate;

the oxide is one or more of titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, iron oxide, ferroferric oxide, aluminum oxide and silicon dioxide;

the carbide is one or more of chromium carbide, vanadium carbide, zirconium carbide, boron carbide and silicon carbide;

the nitride is one or more of aluminum nitride, titanium nitride and vanadium nitride.

A preparation method of a high-speed rail brake pad friction block applying a composite material transition layer comprises the following steps:

a. weighing raw materials of each substance according to the weight part ratio of each substance of the composite material transition layer by using material weighing equipment, putting the raw materials into a three-dimensional mixer, and uniformly stirring for 0.5-4 h to obtain a mixture of the composite material transition layer;

b. pouring a friction material into a material cavity of a steel die, pouring a mixed material of a composite material transition layer after mixing into an upper layer of the friction material in the material cavity of the steel die, simultaneously pressing the mixed material of the composite material transition layer and the friction material to obtain a pressed blank, and performing cold press molding at a pressing pressure of 100-1500 MPa;

c. and (3) placing the steel backing on a pressed blank, and performing pressure sintering in a hydrogen atmosphere sintering furnace, wherein the sintering pressure is 2-6 MPa, the sintering temperature is 800-1000 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1-4 hours, so as to prepare the high-speed rail brake pad friction block applying the composite material transition layer.

Preferably, in the preparation method of the high-speed rail brake pad friction block applying the composite material transition layer, the pressing pressure of the pressed blank in the step b is 100-1000 MPa.

Preferably, in the preparation method of the high-speed rail brake pad friction block applying the composite material transition layer, the sintering pressure in the step c is 2-4 MPa, and the sintering temperature in the step c is 850-950 ℃.

Preferably, the preparation method of the high-speed rail brake pad friction block applying the composite material transition layer comprises the following specific steps:

weighing raw materials according to the weight part ratio of each substance of the composite material transition layer by using material weighing equipment, taking 70 parts of copper powder, 25 parts of iron powder, 2 parts of silicon carbide and 3 parts of aluminum nitride, putting the raw materials into a three-dimensional mixer, and uniformly stirring for 0.5-2.5 hours to obtain a mixture of the composite material transition layer;

pouring the friction material raw material into a material cavity of a steel die, pouring the mixed material of the composite material transition layer after mixing into the upper layer of the friction material in the material cavity of the steel die, simultaneously pressing the mixed material of the composite material transition layer and the friction material to obtain a pressed blank, and performing cold press molding at a pressing pressure of 700 MPa;

and placing the steel backing on a pressed compact, and sintering the pressed compact in a hydrogen atmosphere sintering furnace under the conditions of the sintering pressure of 3MPa, the sintering temperature of 900 ℃ and the heat preservation time of 2.5 hours. And preparing the high-speed rail brake pad friction block applying the composite material transition layer.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the composite material transition layer connects the friction material and the steel back, so that the friction material and the steel back are firmly combined, and the bonding strength between the friction material and the steel back is improved.

The composite material transition layer adopts the same metal elements and proportion as the friction material, and a small amount of inorganic non-metal powder is added, so that the thermal expansion of the composite material transition layer is equivalent to that of the friction material, the influence of cracks generated by the composite material transition layer and the friction material due to different thermal expansion is reduced, the composite material transition layer is tightly connected with the friction material and the steel backing, and the risk of separation of the friction material and the steel backing in the braking process is reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a friction block of a high-speed rail brake pad using a composite material transition layer according to the present invention;

the parts in the figures are numbered:

1. a steel backing; 2. a composite transition layer; 3. a friction material.

Detailed Description

The following describes in detail a specific embodiment of the present invention with reference to the drawings.

Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a friction block of a high-speed rail using a composite material transition layer according to the present invention. The invention relates to a high-speed rail brake pad friction block applying a composite material transition layer, which comprises a steel backing 1, a composite material transition layer 2 and a friction material 3 which are sequentially connected, wherein the composite material transition layer 2 and the friction material 3 adopt the same metal elements and proportion.

The high-speed rail brake pad friction block applying the composite material transition layer is characterized in that the thickness of the composite material transition layer 2 is 0.1-5 mm, and the best thickness is 2-3 mm.

The high-speed rail brake pad friction block applying the composite material transition layer is characterized in that the composite material transition layer 2 is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight:

70-100 parts of metal powder and 1-30 parts of nonmetal powder;

the non-metal powder comprises inorganic non-metal powder.

The high-speed rail brake pad friction block applying the composite material transition layer is characterized in that metal powder in the composite material transition layer 2 consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight:

30-80 parts of copper powder and 10-35 parts of iron powder.

Preferably, the inorganic non-metal powder is one or more of normal salt, oxide, carbide, nitride and graphite;

the normal salt is one or more of calcium sulfate, aluminum silicate and potassium titanate;

the oxide is one or more of titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, iron oxide, ferroferric oxide, aluminum oxide and silicon dioxide;

the carbide is one or more of chromium carbide, vanadium carbide, zirconium carbide, boron carbide and silicon carbide;

the nitride is one or more of aluminum nitride, titanium nitride and vanadium nitride.

A preparation method of a high-speed rail brake pad friction block applying a composite material transition layer comprises the following steps:

a. weighing raw materials of the composite material transition layer 2 according to the weight part ratio of the substances by using material weighing equipment, putting the raw materials into a three-dimensional mixer, and uniformly stirring for 0.5-4 h to obtain a mixture of the composite material transition layer;

b. pouring a friction material into a material cavity of a steel die, pouring a mixed material of a composite material transition layer after mixing into an upper layer of the friction material in the material cavity of the steel die, simultaneously pressing the mixed material of the composite material transition layer and the friction material to obtain a pressed blank, and performing cold press molding at a pressing pressure of 100-1500 MPa;

c. and (3) placing the steel backing on a pressed blank, and performing pressure sintering in a hydrogen atmosphere sintering furnace, wherein the sintering pressure is 2-6 MPa, the sintering temperature is 800-1000 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1-4 hours, so as to prepare the high-speed rail brake pad friction block applying the composite material transition layer.

Preferably, in the preparation method of the high-speed rail brake pad friction block applying the composite material transition layer, the pressing pressure of the pressed blank in the step b is 100-1000 MPa.

Preferably, in the preparation method of the high-speed rail brake pad friction block applying the composite material transition layer, the sintering pressure in the step c is 2-4 MPa, and the sintering temperature in the step c is 850-950 ℃.

Preferably, the preparation method of the high-speed rail brake pad friction block applying the composite material transition layer comprises the following specific steps:

weighing raw materials according to the weight part ratio of each material of the composite material transition layer 2 by using material weighing equipment, taking 70 parts of copper powder, 25 parts of iron powder, 2 parts of silicon carbide and 3 parts of aluminum nitride, putting the raw materials into a three-dimensional mixer, and uniformly stirring for 0.5-2.5 hours to obtain a mixture of the composite material transition layer;

pouring the friction material raw material into a material cavity of a steel die, pouring the mixed material of the composite material transition layer after mixing into the upper layer of the friction material in the material cavity of the steel die, simultaneously pressing the mixed material of the composite material transition layer and the friction material to obtain a pressed blank, and performing cold press molding at a pressing pressure of 700 MPa;

and (3) placing the steel backing 1 on a pressed blank, and sintering the pressed blank under pressure in a hydrogen atmosphere sintering furnace, wherein the sintering pressure is 3MPa, the sintering temperature is 900 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2.5 hours. And preparing the high-speed rail brake pad friction block applying the composite material transition layer.

Example 1:

weighing raw materials according to the weight part ratio of each substance of the composite material transition layer 2 by using material weighing equipment, taking 68 parts of copper powder, 28 parts of iron powder and 4 parts of calcium sulfate, putting the raw materials into a three-dimensional mixer, and uniformly stirring for 0.5h to obtain a mixture of the composite material transition layer;

pouring the friction material raw material into a material cavity of a steel die, pouring the mixed material of the composite material transition layer after mixing into the upper layer of the friction material in the material cavity of the steel die, simultaneously pressing the mixed material of the composite material transition layer and the friction material to obtain a pressed blank, and performing cold press molding at the pressing pressure of 750 Mpa;

the steel backing 1 is placed on a pressed compact and is pressed and sintered in a hydrogen atmosphere sintering furnace, the sintering pressure is 3MPa, the sintering temperature is 960 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours. And preparing the high-speed rail brake pad friction block applying the composite material transition layer.

Example 2:

weighing raw materials according to the weight part ratio of each substance of the composite material transition layer 2 by using material weighing equipment, taking 68 parts of copper powder, 30 parts of iron powder and 2 parts of potassium titanate, putting the raw materials into a three-dimensional mixer, and uniformly stirring for 0.5h to obtain a mixture of the composite material transition layer;

pouring the friction material raw material into a material cavity of a steel die, pouring the mixed material of the composite material transition layer after mixing into the upper layer of the friction material in the material cavity of the steel die, simultaneously pressing the mixed material of the composite material transition layer and the friction material to obtain a pressed blank, and performing cold press molding at a pressing pressure of 300 Mpa;

and (3) placing the steel backing 1 on a pressed blank, and sintering the pressed blank under pressure in a hydrogen atmosphere sintering furnace, wherein the sintering pressure is 2MPa, the sintering temperature is 950 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2.5 hours. And preparing the high-speed rail brake pad friction block applying the composite material transition layer.

Example 3:

weighing raw materials according to the weight part ratio of each substance of the composite material transition layer 2 by using material weighing equipment, taking 68 parts of copper powder, 25 parts of iron powder, 3 parts of calcium oxide and 4 parts of titanium nitride, putting the raw materials into a three-dimensional mixer, and uniformly stirring for 1 hour to obtain a mixture of the composite material transition layer;

pouring the friction material raw material into a material cavity of a steel die, pouring the mixed material of the composite material transition layer after mixing into the upper layer of the friction material in the material cavity of the steel die, simultaneously pressing the mixed material of the composite material transition layer and the friction material to obtain a pressed blank, and performing cold press molding at a pressing pressure of 700 MPa;

and (3) placing the steel backing 1 on a pressed blank, and sintering the pressed blank under pressure in a hydrogen atmosphere sintering furnace, wherein the sintering pressure is 2.5MPa, the sintering temperature is 940 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3 hours. And preparing the high-speed rail brake pad friction block applying the composite material transition layer.

Example 4:

weighing raw materials according to the weight part ratio of each substance of the composite material transition layer 2 by using material weighing equipment, taking 70 parts of copper powder, 25 parts of iron powder, 2 parts of silicon carbide and 3 parts of aluminum nitride, putting the raw materials into a three-dimensional mixer, and uniformly stirring for 0.5h to obtain a mixture of the composite material transition layer;

pouring the friction material raw material into a material cavity of a steel die, pouring the mixed material of the composite material transition layer after mixing into the upper layer of the friction material in the material cavity of the steel die, simultaneously pressing the mixed material of the composite material transition layer and the friction material to obtain a pressed blank, and performing cold press molding at a pressing pressure of 700 MPa;

and (3) placing the steel backing 1 on a pressed blank, and sintering the pressed blank under pressure in a hydrogen atmosphere sintering furnace, wherein the sintering pressure is 3MPa, the sintering temperature is 900 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2.5 hours. And preparing the high-speed rail brake pad friction block applying the composite material transition layer.

Example 5:

weighing raw materials according to the weight part ratio of each substance of the composite material transition layer 2 by using material weighing equipment, taking 68 parts of copper powder, 25 parts of iron powder, 2 parts of titanium oxide and 5 parts of iron oxide, putting the raw materials into a three-dimensional mixer, and uniformly stirring for 0.5h to obtain a mixture of the composite material transition layer;

pouring the friction material raw material into a material cavity of a steel die, pouring the mixed material of the composite material transition layer after mixing into the upper layer of the friction material in the material cavity of the steel die, simultaneously pressing the mixed material of the composite material transition layer and the friction material to obtain a pressed blank, and performing cold press molding at the pressing pressure of 750 Mpa;

and (3) placing the steel backing 1 on a pressed blank, and sintering the pressed blank under pressure in a hydrogen atmosphere sintering furnace, wherein the sintering pressure is 2.5MPa, the sintering temperature is 920 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3 hours. And preparing the high-speed rail brake pad friction block applying the composite material transition layer.

Example 6:

weighing raw materials according to the weight part ratio of each substance of the composite material transition layer 2 by using material weighing equipment, taking 70 parts of copper powder, 24 parts of iron powder, 5 parts of aluminum nitride and 1 part of silicon dioxide, putting the raw materials into a three-dimensional mixer, and uniformly stirring for 1.5 hours to obtain a mixture of the composite material transition layer;

pouring the friction material raw material into a material cavity of a steel die, pouring the mixed material of the composite material transition layer after mixing into the upper layer of the friction material in the material cavity of the steel die, simultaneously pressing the mixed material of the composite material transition layer and the friction material to obtain a pressed blank, and performing cold press molding at a pressing pressure of 400 Mpa;

and (3) placing the steel backing 1 on a pressed blank, and sintering the pressed blank under pressure in a hydrogen atmosphere sintering furnace, wherein the sintering pressure is 2MPa, the sintering temperature is 880 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours. And preparing the high-speed rail brake pad friction block applying the composite material transition layer.

Example 7:

weighing raw materials according to the weight part ratio of each substance of the composite material transition layer 2 by using material weighing equipment, taking 68 parts of copper powder, 25 parts of iron powder, 5 parts of boron carbide and 2 parts of iron oxide, putting the raw materials into a three-dimensional mixer, and uniformly stirring for 1 hour to obtain a mixture of the composite material transition layer;

pouring friction material raw materials into a material cavity of a steel die, pouring a mixed material of a composite material transition layer after mixing into an upper layer of the friction material in the material cavity of the steel die, simultaneously pressing the mixed material of the composite material transition layer and the friction material to obtain a pressed blank, and performing cold press molding at a pressing pressure of 600 Mpa;

the steel backing 1 is placed on a pressed compact and is pressed and sintered in a hydrogen atmosphere sintering furnace, the sintering pressure is 2.5MPa, the sintering temperature is 900 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours. And preparing the high-speed rail brake pad friction block applying the composite material transition layer.

Example 8:

weighing raw materials according to the weight part ratio of each substance of the composite material transition layer 2 by using material weighing equipment, taking 68 parts of copper powder, 26 parts of iron powder, 2 parts of aluminum nitride, 1 part of silicon dioxide and 3 parts of boron carbide, putting the raw materials into a three-dimensional mixer, and uniformly stirring for 1.5 hours to obtain a mixture of the composite material transition layer;

pouring the friction material raw material into a material cavity of a steel die, pouring the mixed material of the composite material transition layer after mixing into the upper layer of the friction material in the material cavity of the steel die, simultaneously pressing the mixed material of the composite material transition layer and the friction material to obtain a pressed blank, and performing cold press molding at a pressing pressure of 800 MPa;

the steel backing 1 is placed on a pressed compact and is pressed and sintered in a hydrogen atmosphere sintering furnace, the sintering pressure is 3.5MPa, the sintering temperature is 950 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1.5 hours. And preparing the high-speed rail brake pad friction block applying the composite material transition layer.

Example 9:

weighing raw materials according to the weight part ratio of each substance of the composite material transition layer 2 by using material weighing equipment, taking 70 parts of copper powder, 25 parts of iron powder, 2 parts of titanium nitride, 1 part of silicon dioxide and 2 parts of calcium sulfate, putting the raw materials into a three-dimensional mixer, and uniformly stirring for 2 hours to obtain a mixture of the composite material transition layer; pouring the friction material raw material into a material cavity of a steel die, pouring the mixed material of the composite material transition layer after mixing into the upper layer of the friction material in the material cavity of the steel die, simultaneously pressing the mixed material of the composite material transition layer and the friction material to obtain a pressed blank, and performing cold press molding at the pressing pressure of 900 Mpa; the steel backing 1 is placed on a pressed compact and is pressed and sintered in a hydrogen atmosphere sintering furnace, the sintering pressure is 4MPa, the sintering temperature is 960 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3 hours. And preparing the high-speed rail brake pad friction block applying the composite material transition layer.

Example 10:

weighing raw materials according to the weight part ratio of each substance of the composite material transition layer 2 by using material weighing equipment, taking 68 parts of copper powder, 27 parts of iron powder, 4 parts of titanium oxide and 1 part of boron carbide, putting the raw materials into a three-dimensional mixer, and uniformly stirring for 3 hours to obtain a mixture of the composite material transition layer; pouring the friction material raw material into a material cavity of a steel die, pouring the mixed material of the composite material transition layer after mixing into the upper layer of the friction material in the material cavity of the steel die, simultaneously pressing the mixed material of the composite material transition layer and the friction material to obtain a pressed blank, and performing cold press molding at a pressing pressure of 1000 Mpa; and (3) placing the steel backing 1 on a pressed blank, and sintering the pressed blank under pressure in a hydrogen atmosphere sintering furnace, wherein the sintering pressure is 5MPa, the sintering temperature is 980 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3.5 hours. And preparing the high-speed rail brake pad friction block applying the composite material transition layer.