阅读说明：本技术 一种用于深空探测任务的航天器座舱压力防护系统 (Spacecraft cabin pressure protection system for deep space exploration task ) 是由 杨涵 杨春信 杨开春 张兴娟 王超 于 2021-01-26 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开一种用于深空探测任务的航天器座舱压力防护系统,属于航天器环境控制与生命保障领域。该系统采用气体回收技术与充气舱技术,通过回收航天器座舱空气并转移至充气舱来实现座舱减压,也可通过从充气舱转移空气来实现座舱复压。在航天器正常飞行时,系统可实现座舱阶梯减压与座舱复压；在航天器遭遇微流星体击穿舱壁导致座舱空气泄漏状况时,系统可实现周期性复压与气体回收,并对航天员进行座舱复压与航天服的交替压力防护。本发明实现了航天器座舱气体的回收与再利用,提高气体的重复使用率,在飞船遭遇压力应急状况时保障航天员生命安全并满足航天员生理活动需求。(The invention discloses a spacecraft cabin pressure protection system for a deep space exploration task, and belongs to the field of spacecraft environment control and life support. The system adopts a gas recovery technology and an inflation cabin technology, realizes cabin decompression by recovering air of a spacecraft cabin and transferring the air to the inflation cabin, and can realize cabin repressurization by transferring the air from the inflation cabin. When the spacecraft flies normally, the system can realize cabin step decompression and cabin recompression; when the spacecraft encounters a cabin air leakage condition caused by the fact that the cabin wall is punctured by the micro-stars, the system can achieve periodic re-pressure and gas recovery, and performs alternating pressure protection of cabin re-pressure and space suit on spacemen. The invention realizes the recovery and the reutilization of the gas in the spacecraft cabin, improves the reuse rate of the gas, ensures the life safety of the astronauts when the spacecraft meets the pressure emergency condition and meets the physiological activity requirements of the astronauts.)

1. A spacecraft cabin pressure protection system for deep space exploration tasks is characterized in that: the gas recovery technology and the inflating cabin technology are adopted, and the two working states comprise a normal mode and an emergency mode. Under the normal mode, the system transfers partial cabin air to the cabin of aerifing through the recovery pump and stores, realizes that the cabin decompresses step by step, when the spacecraft was about to return to near ground track, transfers the air in the cabin of aerifing back to the cabin, realizes that the cabin is repressurized again.

When the spacecraft encounters a pressure emergency situation with cabin leakage on the way to deep space exploration, the pressure protection system switches to emergency mode. The pressure protection is carried out by the astronaut wearing the space suit in time, the cabin leaks naturally, when the astronaut needs to carry out necessary activities such as feeding, excretion and the like in/out of the cabin, the system supplies air to the cabin in advance to carry out repressurization and maintain the pressure of the cabin, after the astronaut finishes the activities in the cabin and carries out the protection of the space suit again, the system stops supplying air to the cabin, and the recovery pump transfers the air of the cabin to the inflating cabin for storage for repressurization of the cabin next time. In the emergency mode, the cabin pressure protection system carries out a series of periodic operations such as cabin repressurization, cabin pressure maintenance, gas recovery and the like, and the astronaut is under the alternate pressure protection of the cabin repressurization and the astronautic suit until the pressure protection state is relieved.

2. A spacecraft bay pressure protection system for deep space exploration missions as claimed in claim 1, wherein: when the spacecraft flies normally, a gas recovery technology is utilized to transfer part of cabin air to an inflation cabin for storage, and gradual decompression of the cabin is realized.

3. A spacecraft bay pressure protection system for deep space exploration missions as claimed in claim 1, wherein: when the spacecraft meets emergency conditions such as cabin leakage caused by the fact that the cabin wall is punctured by the micrometeor, cabin air is transferred to the inflating cabin for storage in an emergency mode through the gas recovery technology, then the air in the inflating cabin is used for cabin re-pressurization, and the air of the cabin is reused.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of spacecraft environment control and life support, and relates to a cabin pressure protection system.

Background

The spacecraft may encounter micro-planets that puncture the bulkhead during deep space exploration tasks, resulting in irreparable cabin gas leakage. The pressure of the cabin is rapidly reduced due to the gas leakage of the cabin, the total pressure and the oxygen partial pressure of the cabin are not enough to meet the physiological requirements of human bodies, the astronauts can have the symptoms of oxygen deficiency, decompression and the like, the body fluid boiling can happen in the most serious situation, and the life safety of the astronauts is seriously threatened due to the cabin leakage. Judd in patent US-3386685 proposes a pressure protection system for the exit activities of astronauts, which enables a safe transition of the astronauts from the cabin environment to the space environment via the airlock. The current pressure protection systems maintain cabin pressure by continuously supplying air to the cabin in case of cabin leakage, and the spacecraft carries limited gas resources, and the continuous air supply may bring large consumption of gas resources.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a spacecraft cabin pressure protection system for a deep space exploration task.

The invention relates to a spacecraft cabin pressure protection system for a deep space exploration task, which adopts a gas recovery technology and an inflation cabin technology and comprises two working states of a normal mode and an emergency mode. Under the normal mode, in the spacecraft deep space exploration process, the system transfers part of cabin air to the inflating cabin through the recovery pump for storage, so that the cabin is decompressed step by step, and when the spacecraft is about to return to the near-earth orbit, the air in the inflating cabin is transferred back to the cabin, so that the cabin repressurization is realized.

When the spacecraft encounters a pressure emergency situation with cabin leakage on the way to deep space exploration, the pressure protection system switches to emergency mode. The pressure protection is carried out by the astronaut wearing the space suit in time, the cabin leaks naturally, when the astronaut needs to carry out necessary activities such as feeding, excretion and the like in/out of the cabin, the system supplies air to the cabin in advance to carry out repressurization and maintain the pressure of the cabin, after the astronaut finishes the activities in the cabin and carries out the protection of the space suit again, the system stops supplying air to the cabin, and the recovery pump transfers the air of the cabin to the inflating cabin for storage for repressurization of the cabin next time. In the emergency mode, the cabin pressure protection system carries out a series of periodic operations such as cabin repressurization, cabin pressure maintenance, gas recovery and the like, and the astronaut is under the alternate pressure protection of the cabin repressurization and the astronautic suit until the pressure protection state is relieved.

The invention has the advantages that:

1. the pressure protection system of the spacecraft cabin for the deep space exploration task can realize gradual pressure reduction of the cabin, so that a spacecraft can gradually adapt to a low-pressure environment, and the risk of pressure reduction is avoided.

2. The spacecraft cabin pressure protection system for the deep space exploration task can emergently recover part of cabin air and use the part of cabin air for subsequent cabin repressurization under the emergency condition of cabin leakage, improves the reuse rate of the cabin air and saves gas resources.

3. The spacecraft cabin pressure protection system for the deep space exploration task carries out periodic cabin repressurization and cabin pressure maintenance under the emergency condition of cabin leakage, and can meet the necessary cabin/outside service activity requirements of astronauts.

4. The spacecraft cabin pressure protection system for the deep space exploration task periodically works under the emergency condition of cabin leakage, and can greatly reduce the gas consumption of a cabin compared with a pressure protection system for continuous gas supply.

5. The pressure protection system of the spacecraft cabin for the deep space exploration task uses the inflation cabin to store cabin air, the inflation cabin can be expanded and contracted, the spacecraft is convenient to carry, and compared with a rigid container, the volume obtained by expanding the inflation cabin under the condition of the same mass is larger, and more gas can be stored.

Drawings

FIGS. 1-2 are schematic diagrams illustrating the normal mode working principle of the spacecraft cabin pressure protection system for deep space exploration tasks according to the present invention

FIGS. 3 to 5 are schematic diagrams illustrating the working principle of the emergency mode of the spacecraft cabin pressure protection system for the deep space exploration task according to the invention

In the figure:

1-spacecraft 2-cabin 3-inflatable cabin

4-recycle pump 5-pressure reducing valve 6-nitrogen cylinder

7-oxygen cylinder 8-astronaut 9-space suit

Detailed Description

The invention discloses a spacecraft cabin pressure protection system for a deep space exploration task, which comprises a spacecraft 1, a cabin 2, an inflation cabin 3, a recovery pump 4, a pressure reducing valve 5, a nitrogen cylinder 6, an oxygen cylinder 7, a astronaut 8 and a space suit 9, and is shown in figures 1-5.

The normal mode working principle of the spacecraft cabin pressure protection system for the deep space exploration task is further explained in detail with reference to the attached drawings 1-2.

When the spacecraft 1 flies normally and no emergency situation exists, the operation mode of the cabin pressure protection system is a normal mode, and as shown in figure 1, when the spacecraft 1 flies on the earth orbit, the cabin 2 maintains the total pressure of 101kPa and the oxygen partial pressure of 21 kPa; when the spacecraft 1 turns into a deep space exploration orbit to fly, the recovery pump 4 recovers part of air of the cabin 2 and transfers the air to the inflation cabin 3, as shown in figure 2, the total pressure of the cabin is reduced to 70kPa, and the oxygen partial pressure is maintained to be 21 kPa; maintaining the cabin total pressure of 70kPa for at least more than 12 hours, then continuing to recover part of air in the cabin 2 by the recovery pump 4 and transferring the air to the aeration cabin 3, reducing the cabin total pressure of 70kPa to 57kPa, and maintaining the oxygen partial pressure of 21 kPa; thereafter, the cabin 2 was maintained at a total pressure of 57kPa and an oxygen partial pressure of 21 kPa; when the spacecraft 1 finishes the mission and returns to the near-earth orbit, the cabin pressure protection system transfers the air which is recovered and stored in the inflatable cabin 3 back to the cabin 2, and the total cabin pressure is recovered to 101 kPa.

The emergency mode working principle of the spacecraft cabin pressure protection system for the deep space exploration task is further explained in detail with reference to the attached drawings 3-5.

When the spacecraft 1 meets the pressure emergency conditions such as cabin air leakage and the like, the operation mode of the cabin pressure protection system is switched from a normal mode to an emergency mode; when air leakage occurs in the cabin 2, the nitrogen bottle 6 and the oxygen bottle 7 are used for supplying nitrogen and oxygen to the cabin 2 respectively, as shown in figure 3, the total cabin pressure of 57kPa and the oxygen partial pressure of 18kPa are maintained for at least one hour, and the astronaut 8 stops leaking the air or wears space suits in time; when the astronaut 8 is under the protection of the space suit 9, stopping supplying air, recovering cabin air by the recovery pump 4 in an emergency way and transferring the cabin air to the inflating cabin 3, and stopping recovering air when the total pressure of the cabin is reduced to 30 kPa; the cabin 2 leaks naturally, the astronauts 8 are protected only by the space suit 9, as shown in fig. 4; when the astronaut 8 needs to take food and other activities in/out of the cabin, the astronaut 8 needs to continuously wear the astronaut suit 9, the inflating cabin 3, the nitrogen cylinder 6 and the oxygen cylinder 7 supply air to the cabin 2, and the total pressure of the cabin is restored to 57kPa, and the oxygen partial pressure is restored to 18 kPa; when the cabin is repressurized, the nitrogen gas bottle 6 and the oxygen gas bottle 7 continuously supply gas to the cabin 2, the total cabin pressure is maintained at 57kPa, the oxygen partial pressure is maintained at 18kPa, and the astronaut 8 releases the protection of the space suit and carries out activities inside or outside the cabin, as shown in figure 5; when the astronaut 8 finishes the activity, the astronaut wears the space suit 9 again for protection, the cabin pressure protection system stops supplying air, and the recovery pump 4 recovers the cabin air again and transfers the air to the inflatable cabin 3. Then the cabin pressure protection system continues to perform periodic cabin repressurization-cabin pressure maintenance-gas recovery, and the astronaut 8 periodically performs in-cabin/out-of-service activities until the spacecraft returns.

System embodiment

In order to illustrate the resource saving performance of the spacecraft cabin pressure protection system for the deep space exploration task, the gas consumption quality (the total gas consumption quality is the sum of the oxygen and nitrogen consumption qualities) of the continuous gas supply pressure protection system and the spacecraft cabin pressure protection system for the deep space exploration task is calculated. The system calculation conditions are shown in table 1, and the gas consumption quality is shown in table 2.

TABLE 1 System calculation Condition settings

TABLE 2 gas consumption Mass

The calculation result shows that: compared with a pressure protection system for continuous gas supply, the pressure protection system for the spacecraft cabin for the deep space exploration task has the advantages that the total gas consumption mass is reduced by 73.8%, and the oxygen consumption mass is reduced by 62.8%.