Surfactant for high-temperature level dyeing of polyester fibers and preparation method thereof
阅读说明：本技术 一种聚酯纤维高温匀染用表面活性剂及其制备方法 (Surfactant for high-temperature level dyeing of polyester fibers and preparation method thereof ) 是由 顾斌 王震 刘玲 戴志成 于 2020-12-24 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种如式1所示的聚酯纤维高温匀染用表面活性剂。本发明还公开了其制备方法。本发明所制备的聚酯纤维高温匀染用表面活性剂,在聚酯纤维(涤纶)高温染色中具有较好的匀染性,且生产阶段容易控制,不容易导致较大的生产误差。(The invention discloses a surfactant for high-temperature level dyeing of polyester fibers as shown in a formula 1. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the composition. The surfactant for high-temperature level dyeing of the polyester fiber, prepared by the invention, has better level dyeing property in high-temperature dyeing of the polyester fiber (terylene), is easy to control the production stage, and is not easy to cause larger production error.)
1. The surfactant for high-temperature level dyeing of the polyester fiber is characterized by being shown as the following formula 1:
the R is4Is C as shown in formula 26-26Saturated or unsaturated fatty acyl group of (a):
or C as shown in formula 36-26Saturated or unsaturated fatty diacyl groups of (a):
the R is5Is a structure shown in formula 4:
n in the structure of formula 1 or formula 4 is 0, 1 or 2,
when n is 0, C15H31-2nIs C15H31When it is represented by the structural formula CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3；
When n is 1, C15H31-2n is C15H29When it is represented by the structural formula CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH＝CHCH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3；
When n is 2, C15H31-2nIs C15H27When it is represented by the structural formula CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH＝CHCH2CH＝CHCH2CH2CH3；
M in the formula 1 or the formula 4 is Li, Na, K or NH4；
R in the formula 1 or the formula 40Is H or CH3；
R in the formula 1 or the formula 41Is H or CH3Or CH2CH3；
R in the formula 1 or the formula 42Is H or CH3Or CH2CH3；
R in the formula 1 or the formula 43Is H or CH3Or CH2CH3，R1、R2、R3Identical or different, completely independent of one another and R1、R2、R3At least one of which is H;
n1, n2, n3 in the formula 1 or formula 4 are integers or fractions;
the range of n1 is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to n1 and less than or equal to 30;
the range of n2 is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to n2 and less than or equal to 30;
the range of n3 is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to n3 and less than or equal to 30;
and n1+ n2+ n3 is not less than 3
When R is1When the value is H, n1 is more than or equal to n2+ n 3;
when R is2When the value is H, n2 is more than or equal to n1+ n 3;
when R is3When the number is H, n3 is more than or equal to n1+ n 2.
2. The method for preparing the surfactant for high-temperature level dyeing of the polyester fiber according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps:
adding the cardol polyether fatty acid monoester or the 2-methyl cardol polyether fatty acid monoester into a reaction kettle, and then adding a fourth catalyst;
then 1.0-1.3 times of cardol polyether fatty acid monoester or 2-methyl cardol polyether fatty acid monoester molar equivalent sulfamic acid is added in portions under the protection of nitrogen, and after nitrogen substitution, the temperature is raised to 90-140 ℃ for alkoxylation reaction;
then adding strong alkali at 50-100 ℃, and neutralizing and deaminating to obtain the surfactant for high-temperature level dyeing of the polyester fiber.
3. The method for preparing the surfactant for high-temperature level dyeing of polyester fibers as claimed in claim 2, wherein the fourth catalyst is any one or more of urea, dicyandiamide or p-toluenesulfonic acid.
4. The method for preparing the surfactant for high-temperature level dyeing of the polyester fiber according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps:
adding the cardol polyether fatty acid monoester or the 2-methyl cardol polyether fatty acid monoester into a reaction kettle, stirring at the temperature of 15-40 ℃, slowly dropwise adding chlorosulfonic acid with the molar equivalent of 1.0-1.2 times of the cardol polyether fatty acid monoester or the 2-methyl cardol polyether fatty acid monoester, and adding an alkali solution to adjust the pH value to 6-8 after dropwise adding, thereby obtaining the surfactant for high-temperature level-dyeing of the polyester fiber.
5. The method of claim 2 or 4, wherein the cardol polyether fatty acid monoester or 2-methyl cardol polyether fatty acid monoester is prepared by the following steps:
adding cardol polyether or 2-methyl cardol polyether into reaction kettle, adding C with the same molar equivalent6-26Saturated fatty acids or C6-26Unsaturated fatty acid or 1/2 molar equivalents of C6-26Saturated dicarboxylic acid or 1/2 molar equivalents of C6-26Unsaturated dicarboxylic acid, then adding a second catalyst according to 0.1-1.0% of the feeding mass, heating to the temperature of 100-200 ℃, and carrying out vacuum dehydration to obtain the cardol polyether fatty acid monoester or 2-methyl cardol polyether fatty acid monoester.
6. The method for preparing the surfactant for high temperature level dyeing of polyester fiber according to claim 5, wherein the second catalyst is any one or more of non-oxidizing strong acid or reducing acid.
7. The method for preparing the surfactant for high-temperature level dyeing of polyester fiber according to claim 5, wherein the feeding amount of the second catalyst is according to the same molar equivalent of C6-26Saturated fatty acids or C6-26Unsaturated fatty acid or 1/2 molar equivalents of C6-26Saturated dicarboxylic acid or 1/2 molar equivalents of C6-260.1 to 1.0% by mass of the total charge of unsaturated dicarboxylic acid.
8. The method of claim 2 or 4, wherein the cardol polyether fatty acid monoester or 2-methyl cardol polyether fatty acid monoester is prepared by the following steps:
adding cardol polyether or 2-methyl cardol polyether into reaction kettle, adding C with the same molar equivalent6-26Saturated fatty acid C1-4Lower esters or C6-26Unsaturated fatty acid C1-4Lower ester or 1/2 molar equivalents of C6-26Saturated dicarboxylic acid di C1-4Lower ester or 1/2 molar equivalents of C6-26Unsaturated dicarboxylic acid di C1-4A lower ester; then adding a third catalyst according to 0.2-2.0% of the feeding mass, heating to 60-130 ℃ and carrying out vacuum removal on the micromolecule C1-4And (3) obtaining the cardol polyether fatty acid monoester or the dimethyl cardol polyether fatty acid monoester by alcohol.
9. The method for preparing the surfactant for high-temperature level dyeing of polyester fiber according to claim 8, wherein the third catalyst is an alkali catalyst.
10. The polyester fiber high temperature level dyeing of claim 8The preparation method of the surfactant is characterized in that the feeding amount of the third catalyst is C6-26Saturated fatty acid C1-4Lower esters or C6-26Unsaturated fatty acid C1-4Lower ester or 1/2 molar equivalents of C6-26Saturated dicarboxylic acid di C1-4Lower ester or 1/2 molar equivalents of C6-26Unsaturated dicarboxylic acid di C1-4The mass of the total feeding of the low-carbon ester is 0.2 to 2.0 percent.
11. The method for preparing the surfactant for high-temperature level dyeing of the polyester fiber according to claim 5 or 8, wherein the cardol polyether or 2-methyl cardol polyether is prepared by the following preparation method:
putting a cardol raw material serving as an initiator into a high-pressure reactor, adding a first catalyst according to the mass of 0.02-1.0% of the cardol raw material during stirring, heating to 70-130 ℃, reacting, and removing water or other small molecules in vacuum until the water content is not more than 0.1%;
then introducing nitrogen into the reaction for replacement until the oxygen content in the whole reactor is not more than 500ppm, namely completing the nitrogen replacement;
introducing an epoxidizing reagent to carry out multistage block or mixed polyoxyalkylation reaction, keeping the pressure in the reactor below 0.45MPa, and controlling the reaction temperature between 100 ℃ and 180 ℃;
after all the alkoxylation reagents are added, carrying out heat preservation curing at the temperature range of 100-180 ℃ until the pressure is not reduced any more, and then finishing the curing, and vacuumizing at the temperature of 60-120 ℃ to obtain the cardol polyether or 2-methyl cardol polyether.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the cardiac phenol material comprises one or more of high purity cardiac phenol, hydrogenated cardiac phenol, 2-methyl cardiac phenol, and hydrogenated 2-methyl cardiac phenol.
13. The method for preparing the surfactant for high temperature level dyeing of polyester fiber according to claim 11, wherein the first catalyst is any one or more of basic catalyst, phosphazene catalyst or double metal cyanide complex.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of surfactant preparation, in particular to a surfactant for high-temperature level dyeing of polyester fibers and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The textile industry involves a wide variety of fibers, which can be classified into natural fibers and chemical fibers, depending on their origin, and chemical fibers include regenerated, semi-synthetic, synthetic and inorganic fibers. The synthetic fiber occupies an important position, and is characterized by having the advantages of thermoplasticity, insect prevention, chemical resistance and the like, and the defects of poor hygroscopicity and antistatic property. The dominant synthetic fiber is polyester fiber (commonly called dacron) which accounts for more than 65% of the total production of the synthetic fiber.
The polyester fiber is a synthetic fiber which is prepared by the steps of carrying out the polycondensation of dihydric alcohol and terephthalic acid or dimethyl terephthalate to obtain polyester resin, and then carrying out the spinning and processing treatment by a melting method. Polyester fibers are a relatively difficult to dye due to their close molecular orientation.
At present, the polyester fiber is dyed mainly by using disperse dyes, and most of the disperse dyes have the common characteristic of no water-soluble group in chemical structure, so that the solubility of the disperse dyes in water is very low, namely about 10-20mg/L at room temperature, the solubility is increased along with the temperature rise, and under the high-temperature dyeing condition of 125-135 ℃, the solubility of the dyes is only 100mg/L and is still relatively low.
In many cases, in order to increase the solubility of the dyes, it is necessary to increase the solubility and dispersibility of the disperse dyes in water by adding levelling assistants.
The dyeing mechanism of the polyester fiber in the prior art can be divided into the following steps: dispersion of dye particles of the disperse dye in a dye bath → monomolecular dissolution of the disperse dye in water → diffusion of the dye from the dye bath to the surface of the polyester fiber → adsorption of the dye on the surface of the polyester fiber → diffusion of the dye from the surface of the fiber into the interior of the fiber.
From the dyeing process, the aim of level dyeing can be achieved only on the premise that the disperse dye is well dispersed in the dyeing of the polyester fiber, the disperse dye can be well dispersed by using the level dyeing auxiliary, the main component of the polyester fiber level dyeing auxiliary is the surfactant, and the nonionic surfactant has good migration property on the disperse dye but poor dispersibility; anionic surfactants have better dispersibility for disperse dyes but have poorer transfer properties.
Therefore, most of the conventional polyester fiber level dyeing auxiliaries are a mixture of two surfactants, namely polyether nonionic surfactant and polyether anionic surfactant, in a certain proportion, and the commonly used polyether nonionic surfactant is styryl phenol polyoxyethylene ether, phenyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, fatty amine polyoxyethylene ether, polyol polyoxyethylene ether or esters thereof and the like. The commonly used polyether anionic surfactant is styryl phenol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, phenyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, fatty amine polyoxyethylene ether sulfate and the like. Such as polyester fiber leveling agent GS (JYH-821 leveling agent; leveling agent SE; Dongbang salt UF-350; polyester dispersing leveling agent 9801), the main component of which is the mixture of glycerol polyoxyethylene ether oleate nonionic surfactant and tristyrylphenol polyoxyethylene ether ammonium sulfate anionic surfactant.
Chinese patent publication No. CN1030106A, published 1989, 1 month 4, discloses a leveling agent for high temperature and high pressure dyeing of polyester or polyester/cotton blend fibers and a manufacturing method thereof, the leveling agent contains a non-toxic carrier (a) and a special solvent (B) which play a role of a swelling agent in addition to polyether type non-ions or polyether type anions, the dyeing is uniform, the dyeing degree is as high as more than 90%, the materials can be fully utilized, the leveling agent is prepared by the following steps of: 10-30% of nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (EO ═ 15), 10-40% of dibenzylphenyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether (EO ═ 18) ammonium sulfate salt, 5-15% of benzyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether (EO-3) and 5-15% of ethylene glycol butyl ether.
The Chinese patent with publication number CN102828422A and publication date 2012.12.19 discloses a synthesis method of an environment-friendly high-temperature leveling agent, which comprises the following steps: a) preparing a master batch of the high-temperature leveling agent: oleic acid and ethylene oxide are used as raw materials, polymerization reaction is carried out under the action of an alkali metal ion catalyst, and a reaction product is neutralized by organic acid until the pH value is 5-7, so that a high-temperature leveling agent master batch is obtained; b) carrying out esterification reaction on the high-temperature leveling agent master batch and oleic acid under the action of a strong acid catalyst to obtain a high-temperature leveling agent A component; c) carrying out sulfonation reaction on the master batch of the high-temperature leveling agent, urea and sulfonic acid to obtain a component B of the high-temperature leveling agent; d) compounding: mixing the component A of the high-temperature leveling agent and the component B of the high-temperature leveling agent in a mass ratio of 1-3:1, and adjusting the pH value to 5-7 to obtain the environment-friendly high-temperature leveling agent.
The publication number CN103290705B, a Chinese patent invention published 2014, 12 and 10 discloses a high-temperature leveling agent, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 16-24 parts of glycerol ether oleate, 8-18 parts of tartaric acid, 13-17 parts of fatty amine polyoxyethylene ether, 11-15 parts of lanolin, 9-16 parts of glycol fatty acid ester and 7-12 parts of glycerol trioleate. The invention has excellent dye dispersibility and initial slow dyeing property, is used as a high-temperature high-pressure dispersion leveling agent for polyester fiber, can maintain the dyeing of a dye bath under an acidic condition, and effectively avoids the cloth cover color light deviation caused by hydrolysis of sensitive dye. The invention has excellent dye dispersibility and initial slow dyeing property, is used as a high-temperature high-pressure dispersion leveling agent for polyester fiber, can maintain the dyeing of a dye bath under an acidic condition, and effectively avoids the cloth cover color light deviation caused by hydrolysis of sensitive dye.
The invention discloses a Chinese patent publication No. CN103790043B, namely 2016, 01, 20, discloses an environment-friendly high-temperature leveling agent, which solves the problems of poor environment-friendly property, leveling property and dye permeability and unsatisfactory leveling effect of the leveling agent in the prior art, and is prepared by mixing the following components in percentage by mass: 45-50% of dodecyl benzoic acid propylene glycol polyoxyethylene ether, 35-45% of dodecyl diphenyl ether disulfonic acid sodium and 10-15% of ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, wherein the sum of the components is 100%. The environment-friendly high-temperature leveling agent disclosed by the invention has the advantages of simple components, low cost, environment friendliness, and good leveling property and permeability. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the environment-friendly high-temperature leveling agent, which comprises the steps of firstly preparing dodecyl benzene carbonic acid propylene glycol ester polyoxyethylene ether, and then mixing the dodecyl benzene carbonic acid propylene glycol ester polyoxyethylene ether, dodecyl diphenyl ether disulfonic acid sodium and ethylene glycol monophenyl ether according to the proportion. The preparation method has simple process steps and high process controllability.
The invention discloses a preparation method of a polyester-cotton fabric one-bath dyeing leveling agent, which is published by Chinese patent No. CN106436376A, No. 2016, 09 and 19, and comprises the following steps: firstly, synthesizing polyoxyethylene ether oleate hydroxypropyl dimethyl octadecyl ammonium chloride (N-EO 8); and step two, mixing the formula. The polyester-cotton fabric one-bath dyeing levelling agent prepared by the invention adopts an 8-EO polyoxyethylene ether structure, has a good levelling effect on both reactive dye-dyed cotton and disperse dye-dyed polyester, has excellent dispersion performance, moderate slow dyeing performance, extremely low foamability, dyeing bath conditioning performances such as Ao and antisludging, has high stability on acid, alkali, electrolyte (anhydrous sodium sulphate), hard water and temperature, can prevent dye coagulation precipitation caused by temperature change, can ensure same-tone progressive dyeing during color matching, and has excellent dyeing reproducibility.
The publication number CN110699987A, a Chinese patent invention of 2020, 01, 17 discloses a leveling agent, which comprises the following raw material components in percentage by mass: 7-10% of lauryl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether; 5% -9% of 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid formaldehyde polymer sodium salt; 1% -3% of isopropanol; 0.5% -1% of chondroitin sulfate; 2% -6% of sodium dihydrogen phosphate; the balance of water, and the sum of the contents of the above raw materials is 100%. The invention also discloses an application of the leveling agent in polyester dyeing. The invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) the leveling agent method for dyeing the pure cotton can shorten the dyeing time and has excellent leveling effect; (2) the invention uses the chondroitin in the technical field of printing and dyeing, and widens the application market value of the chondroitin.
The patent publication No. CN111172781A, published by the Chinese patent of 2020, 05 and 19 discloses a high-temperature leveling agent and a preparation method thereof, and the key points of the technical scheme are that the high-temperature leveling agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of a nonionic surfactant; 10-15 parts of an anionic surfactant; 10-15 parts of a moisture absorption modifier; 40-50 parts of water; the preparation process of the moisture absorption modifier comprises the following steps: firstly, uniformly mixing 6-8 parts by weight of octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, 6-8 parts by weight of dodecenyldiol polyoxyethylene ether and 10-15 parts by weight of hydrogen-containing silicone oil, then adding 0.3-0.5 part by weight of platinum catalyst, mixing, heating to 140 ℃ and 170 ℃, and reacting for 3-5 hours to obtain reaction liquid; step two, uniformly mixing 15-20 parts of tea saponin and 10-12 parts of the reaction solution, heating to 80-100 ℃, and reacting for 2-3 hours to obtain a secondary reaction solution; and step three, uniformly mixing 6-8 parts of dodecylamine hydrochloride and 15-20 parts of the secondary reaction liquid, heating to 70-80 ℃, and continuously reacting for 4-5 hours to obtain the moisture absorption modifier. The moisture absorption modifier can modify the polyester fiber to improve the moisture absorption of the polyester fiber.
The polyester fiber leveling agent disclosed by the patent has the defects that the polyester fiber leveling agent is a compound with polyether type nonionic surfactant and anionic surfactant as main components and a small amount of other auxiliary agents, and multiple surfactants are used for compounding, so that the components of the leveling agent are relatively complex, the control on the quality of different batches of products is not facilitated, and a large production error is easily caused.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a surfactant for high-temperature level dyeing of polyester fibers and a preparation method thereof. The surfactant structure of the invention is a binary structure surfactant which has both polyether fatty acid ester nonionic structure and polyether sulfate anionic structure, and has better level dyeing effect in high-temperature dyeing of polyester fiber.
The polyester fiber high-temperature level dyeing auxiliary agent is different from the traditional polyester fiber high-temperature level dyeing auxiliary agent and is a mixture compounded by an anionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant according to a certain proportion, the production stage is easy to control, and large production errors are not easy to cause.
A surfactant for high-temperature level dyeing of polyester fibers is shown as the following formula 1:
the R is4Is C as shown in formula 26-26Saturated or unsaturated fatty acyl group of (a):
or C as shown in formula 36-26Saturated or unsaturated fatty diacyl groups of (a):
the R is5Is a structure shown in formula 4:
n in the structure of formula 1 or formula 4 is 0, 1 or 2,
when n is 0, C15H31-2nIs C15H31When it is represented by the structural formula CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3；
When n is 1, C15H31-2n is C15H29When it is represented by the structural formula CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH＝CHCH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3；
When n is 2, C15H31-2nIs C15H27When it is represented by the structural formula CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH＝CHCH2CH＝CHCH2CH2CH3；
M in the formula 1 or the formula 4 is Li, Na, K or NH4；
R in the formula 1 or the formula 40Is H or CH3；
R in the formula 1 or the formula 41Is H or CH3Or CH2CH3；
R in the formula 1 or the formula 42Is H or CH3Or CH2CH3；
R in the formula 1 or the formula 43Is H or CH3Or CH2CH3，R1、R2、R3Identical or different, completely independent of one another and R1、R2、R3At least one of which is H;
n1, n2, n3 in the formula 1 or formula 4 are integers or fractions;
the range of n1 is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to n1 and less than or equal to 30;
the range of n2 is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to n2 and less than or equal to 30;
the range of n3 is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to n3 and less than or equal to 30;
and n1+ n2+ n3 is not less than 3
When R is1When the value is H, n1 is more than or equal to n2+ n 3;
when R is2When the value is H, n2 is more than or equal to n1+ n 3;
when R is3When the number is H, n3 is more than or equal to n1+ n 2.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the preparation method of the surfactant for high temperature level dyeing of polyester fiber comprises the following steps:
adding the cardol polyether fatty acid monoester or the 2-methyl cardol polyether fatty acid monoester into a reaction kettle, and then adding a fourth catalyst;
then 1.0-1.3 times of cardol polyether fatty acid monoester or 2-methyl cardol polyether fatty acid monoester molar equivalent sulfamic acid is added in portions under the protection of nitrogen, and after nitrogen substitution, the temperature is raised to 90-140 ℃ for alkoxylation reaction;
then adding strong alkali at 50-100 ℃, and neutralizing and deaminating to obtain the surfactant for high-temperature level dyeing of the polyester fiber.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fourth catalyst is any one or more of urea, dicyandiamide or p-toluenesulfonic acid.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the preparation method of the surfactant for high temperature level dyeing of polyester fiber comprises the following steps:
adding the cardol polyether fatty acid monoester or the 2-methyl cardol polyether fatty acid monoester into a reaction kettle, stirring at the temperature of 15-40 ℃, slowly dropwise adding chlorosulfonic acid with the molar equivalent of 1.0-1.2 times of the cardol polyether fatty acid monoester or the 2-methyl cardol polyether fatty acid monoester, and adding an alkali solution to adjust the pH value to 6-8 after dropwise adding, thereby obtaining the surfactant for high-temperature level-dyeing of the polyester fiber.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cardol polyether fatty acid monoester or 2-methyl cardol polyether fatty acid monoester is prepared by the following preparation method:
adding cardol polyether or 2-methyl cardol polyether into reaction kettle, adding C with the same molar equivalent6-26Saturated fatty acids or C6-26Unsaturated fatty acid or 1/2 molar equivalents of C6-26Saturated dicarboxylic acid or 1/2 molar equivalents of C6-26Unsaturated dicarboxylic acid, then adding a second catalyst according to 0.1-1.0% of the feeding mass, heating to the temperature of 100-200 ℃, and carrying out vacuum dehydration to obtain the cardol polyether fatty acid monoester or 2-methyl cardol polyether fatty acid monoester.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second catalyst is any one or more of a strong non-oxidizing acid or a reducing acid.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the second catalyst is dosed in the same molar equivalent of C6-26Saturated fatty acids or C6-26Unsaturated fatty acid or 1/2 molar equivalents of C6-26Saturated dicarboxylic acid or 1/2 molar equivalents of C6-260.1 to 1.0% by mass of the total charge of unsaturated dicarboxylic acid.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cardol polyether fatty acid monoester or 2-methyl cardol polyether fatty acid monoester is prepared by the following preparation method:
adding cardol polyether or 2-methyl cardol polyether into reaction kettle, adding C with the same molar equivalent6-26Saturated fatty acid C1-4Lower esters or C6-26Unsaturated fatty acid C1-4Lower ester or 1/2 molar equivalents of C6-26Saturated dicarboxylic acid di C1-4Lower ester or 1/2 molar equivalents of C6-26Unsaturated dicarboxylic acid di C1-4A lower ester; then adding a third catalyst according to 0.2-2.0% of the feeding mass, heating to 60-130 ℃ and carrying out vacuum removalSmall molecule C1-4And (3) obtaining the cardol polyether fatty acid monoester or the dimethyl cardol polyether fatty acid monoester by alcohol.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the third catalyst is a base catalyst.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the third catalyst is dosed according to C6-26Saturated fatty acid C1-4Lower esters or C6-26Unsaturated fatty acid C1-4Lower ester or 1/2 molar equivalents of C6-26Saturated dicarboxylic acid di C1-4Lower ester or 1/2 molar equivalents of C6-26Unsaturated dicarboxylic acid di C1-4The mass of the total feeding of the low-carbon ester is 0.2 to 2.0 percent.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cardol polyether or 2-methyl cardol polyether is prepared by the following preparation method:
putting a cardol raw material serving as an initiator into a high-pressure reactor, adding a first catalyst according to the mass of 0.02-1.0% of the cardol raw material during stirring, heating to 70-130 ℃, reacting, and removing water or other small molecules in vacuum until the water content is not more than 0.1%;
then introducing nitrogen into the reaction for replacement until the oxygen content in the whole reactor is not more than 500ppm, namely completing the nitrogen replacement;
introducing an epoxidizing reagent to carry out multistage block or mixed polyoxyalkylation reaction, keeping the pressure in the reactor below 0.45MPa, and controlling the reaction temperature between 100 ℃ and 180 ℃;
after all the alkoxylation reagents are added, carrying out heat preservation curing at the temperature range of 100-180 ℃ until the pressure is not reduced any more, and then finishing the curing, and vacuumizing at the temperature of 60-120 ℃ to obtain the cardol polyether or 2-methyl cardol polyether.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the cardiac phenol feedstock comprises any one or more of highly pure cardiac phenol, hydrogenated cardiac phenol, 2-methyl cardiac phenol or hydrogenated 2-methyl cardiac phenol.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first catalyst is any one or more of a basic catalyst, a phosphazene catalyst, or a double metal cyanide complex.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the surfactant for high-temperature level dyeing of the polyester fiber, which is prepared by the invention, is a cardol (or 2-methyl cardol) polyether fatty acid ester polyether sulfate: the 3-fatty acid polyoxyethylene (propyl, butyl) ether-5-pentadecene (alkyl) -phenol polyoxyethylene (propyl, butyl) ether sulfate or 2-methyl-3-fatty acid polyoxyethylene ether-5-pentadecene (alkyl) -phenol polyoxyethylene (propyl, butyl) ether sulfate has better level-dyeing property in high-temperature dyeing of polyester fiber (terylene), and the production stage is easy to control and is not easy to cause larger production error.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of the migration rate of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the decoloring effect of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the dispersing effect of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1
316 g of refined 2-hydroxy-4-pentadecenyl-phenol (i.e. cardol) is put into a high-pressure reaction kettle, 3.0 g of 50 percent potassium hydroxide solution is added, the temperature is raised to 110 ℃ for dehydration for 40 minutes, sampling detection is carried out, nitrogen replacement is carried out after the solution is qualified, and the vacuum degree is controlled to be more than or equal to-0.095 MPa.
Then introducing nitrogen to make the pressure in the kettle reach 0.10MPa, repeating the steps for three times, sampling and detecting the oxygen content in the kettle, and the oxygen content is qualified when being lower than 500 ppm. After the nitrogen replacement is finished, the temperature of the materials in the reaction kettle is raised to 135-140 ℃, 880 g of ethylene oxide is continuously added for alkoxylation reaction, the pressure in the reaction kettle is controlled to be lower than 0.45MPa, and the reaction temperature is controlled to be 160-170 ℃.
After the ethylene oxide is completely added, the mixture is cured for 30 minutes at the temperature of 160-170 ℃ until the pressure in the reaction kettle is not reduced. Cooling to 100 ℃, and vacuumizing to remove the small molecular substances for 20 minutes to obtain the cardol polyoxyethylene ether. 1 mol of cardol polyoxyethylene ether is transferred into an esterification kettle, 215 g of methyl laurate and 4.4 g of sodium methoxide are added, the temperature is raised to 80 ℃, and the cardol polyoxyethylene ether monolaurate is obtained after vacuum pumping and methanol removing for 2 hours.
Transferring the cardol polyoxyethylene ether monolaurate into a sulfonation kettle, adding 20 g of urea, heating to 90 ℃, adding 97 g of sulfamic acid for 6 times, heating to 110 ℃ and 115 ℃ and reacting for 2.5 hours to obtain the cardol polyoxyethylene ether monolaurate polyoxyethylene ether ammonium sulfate.
Example 2
316 g of refined 2-hydroxy-4-pentadecenyl-phenol (i.e. cardol) is put into a high-pressure reaction kettle, 3.0 g of 50 percent potassium hydroxide solution is added, the temperature is raised to 110 ℃ for dehydration for 40 minutes, sampling detection is carried out, nitrogen replacement is carried out after the solution is qualified, and the vacuum degree is controlled to be more than or equal to-0.095 MPa.
Then introducing nitrogen to make the pressure in the kettle reach 0.10MPa, repeating the steps for three times, sampling and detecting the oxygen content in the kettle, and the oxygen content is qualified when being lower than 500 ppm. After the nitrogen replacement is finished, the temperature of the materials in the reaction kettle is raised to 135-140 ℃, 880 g of ethylene oxide is continuously added for alkoxylation reaction, the pressure in the reaction kettle is controlled to be lower than 0.45MPa, and the reaction temperature is controlled to be 160-170 ℃.
After the ethylene oxide is completely added, the mixture is cured for 30 minutes at the temperature of 160-170 ℃ until the pressure in the reaction kettle is not reduced. Cooling to 100 ℃, and vacuumizing to remove the small molecular substances for 20 minutes to obtain the cardol polyoxyethylene ether. Transferring the cardol polyoxyethylene ether into an esterification kettle, adding 282 g of oleic acid and 5g of p-toluenesulfonic acid, heating to 140 ℃, and vacuumizing and dehydrating for 4 hours to obtain the cardol polyoxyethylene ether monooleate.
And transferring the cardol polyoxyethylene ether monooleate into a sulfonation kettle, adding 20 g of urea, heating to 90 ℃, adding 97 g of sulfamic acid for 6 times, heating to 110 ℃, and reacting for 2.5 hours to obtain the cardol polyoxyethylene ether monooleate polyoxyethylene ether ammonium sulfate.
Example 3
316 g of refined 2-hydroxy-4-pentadecenyl-phenol (i.e. cardol) is put into a high-pressure reaction kettle, 3.0 g of 50 percent potassium hydroxide solution is added, the temperature is raised to 110 ℃ for dehydration for 40 minutes, sampling detection is carried out, nitrogen replacement is carried out after the solution is qualified, and the vacuum degree is controlled to be more than or equal to-0.095 MPa.
Then introducing nitrogen to make the pressure in the kettle reach 0.10MPa, repeating the steps for three times, sampling and detecting the oxygen content in the kettle, and the oxygen content is qualified when being lower than 500 ppm. After the nitrogen replacement is finished, the temperature of the materials in the reaction kettle is raised to 135-140 ℃, 880 g of ethylene oxide is continuously added for alkoxylation reaction, the pressure in the reaction kettle is controlled to be lower than 0.45MPa, and the reaction temperature is controlled to be 160-170 ℃.
After the ethylene oxide is completely added, the mixture is cured for 30 minutes at the temperature of 160-170 ℃ until the pressure in the reaction kettle is not reduced. Cooling to 120 ℃, and vacuumizing to remove the micromolecule substances for 20 minutes. Then 232 g of propylene oxide is introduced for alkoxylation reaction, the pressure in the kettle is controlled to be lower than 0.45MPa, and the reaction temperature is controlled to be between 125 ℃ and 135 ℃. After the propylene oxide is completely added, the mixture is cured for 60 minutes at the temperature of 125-plus 135 ℃ until the pressure in the reaction kettle is not reduced. Cooling to 100 ℃, and vacuumizing to remove the micromolecule substances for 20 minutes to obtain the cardol polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether.
Transferring the cardol polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether into an esterification kettle, adding 282 g of oleic acid and 5g of p-toluenesulfonic acid, heating to 140 ℃, and vacuumizing and dehydrating for 4 hours to obtain the cardol polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether monooleate. Transferring the cardol polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether monooleate into a sulfonation kettle, adding 20 g of urea, heating to 90 ℃, adding 97 g of sulfamic acid for 6 times, heating to 110-115 ℃ and reacting for 2.5 hours to obtain the cardol polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether monooleate polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether ammonium sulfate.
The comparative example is leveling agent GS (also called terylene dispersing leveling agent 9801)
Consists of the following components: glycerol polyoxyethylene ether oleate and styrenated phenol polyoxyethylene ether ammonium sulfate;
appearance: a reddish brown liquid;
pH value: 6-7 (1% aqueous solution);
active matter content: not less than 40 percent;
the application is as follows: the dye is mainly used as a leveling agent of disperse dyes in high-temperature and high-pressure dyeing of various polyester fibers, and particularly shows unique advantages in high-temperature and high-pressure quick dyeing.
Application testing
Migration property test:
migration property test method reference: and (3) measuring the dye transfer performance of the leveling agent for textile dyeing and finishing auxiliary polyester HG/T4263-2011.
Sample combination: one each of red (UN-SE red 1%) + yellow (UN-SE yellow 1%) + blue (UN-SE blue 1%) + undyed polyester fabric, single-edge stitched, constitutes the combined sample.
The formula is as follows:
leveling agent (examples 1, 2 and 3, leveling agent GS) 0.5 g/L;
pH 4.5 (buffer adjusted);
bath ratio of 1: 20.
the process comprises the following steps: dyeing at 40 ℃, raising the temperature to 130 ℃ for 30min, performing transfer dyeing for 60min, taking out the cloth sample, washing with water, and drying.
And (3) evaluation: the closer the colors of the various samples in the combination after the transfer dyeing are, the better the transfer dyeing effect is.
And (3) test of decolorization:
achromaticity reference: and (3) measuring the dyeing and decoloring performance of the HG/T4436 and 2012 textile dyeing and finishing auxiliary polyester by using a leveling agent.
Sample preparation: terylene knitted fabric
The formula is as follows:
the process comprises the following steps: dyeing at 40 ℃, heating to 130 ℃ for 30min, dyeing for 60min, taking out the cloth sample, washing with water, and drying.
And (3) evaluation: and (3) measuring the color obtaining force and the color difference DE of the dyed cloth sample under the conditions of different leveling agents and dosage by taking the color obtaining force of a blank (without adding a leveling agent) as 100, wherein the higher the force, the smaller the color difference, and the less the decoloration.
Leveling agent (surfactant) dispersion property test on dye:
dispersibility reference: GB/T5540 and 2017 disperse dye dispersion performance determination double-layer filter paper filtration method.
The formula is as follows:
the method comprises the following operation steps:
dye liquor heat treatment: heating the dye liquor to 130 ℃, preserving heat for 30min, and then cooling to 70 ℃ at the speed of 2 ℃/min.
Filtering the dye solution: wiping the Buchner funnel preheated by 70 ℃ hot water by using a towel, then putting 5A filter paper into the funnel and attaching the filter paper, starting a vacuum pump, pouring the dye solution into the funnel, taking out the filter paper after the suction filtration is finished, and airing and evaluating the filter paper.
Results of the experiment
2.1. The migration properties are shown in table 1 and fig. 1, and it can be seen from table 1 and fig. 1 that the average leveling property of the examples of the present invention is better than that of the existing leveling agent, and the migration rate is higher:
TABLE 1
Sample name of leveling agent
Transfer dyeing Rate (%)
Example 1
73.24
Example 2
68.74
Example 3
72.87
Leveling agent GS
68.52
Blank space
52.05
2.2 decolorization As shown in Table 2 and FIG. 2, it is understood from Table 2 and FIG. 2 that the decolorization performance of the present invention can be as high as that of the conventional leveling agent and can satisfy the requirement.
TABLE 2
2.3 dispersibility as shown in Table 3 and FIG. 3, it can be seen from Table 3 and FIG. 3 that the high temperature dispersibility of the present invention can be achieved at a level comparable to that of the conventional leveling agent and can satisfy the requirements.
TABLE 3
The application tests show that the prepared cardol (or 2-methyl cardol) polyether fatty acid ester polyether sulfate: the 3-fatty acid polyoxyethylene (propyl, butyl) ether-5-pentadecene (alkyl) -phenol polyoxyethylene (propyl, butyl) ether sulfate or 2-methyl-3-fatty acid polyoxyethylene ether-5-pentadecene (alkyl) -phenol polyoxyethylene (propyl, butyl) ether sulfate monomer has better leveling property as the leveling agent GS.
However, the cardol (or 2-methyl cardol) polyether fatty acid ester polyether sulfate has good level-dyeing property in high-temperature dyeing of polyester fibers (terylene), is easy to control the production stage, is not easy to cause large production error, and can better realize commercial performance.