CN112695516A - 一种仿生性水性超纤基布的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种仿生性水性超纤基布的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112695516A CN112695516A CN202110035471.6A CN202110035471A CN112695516A CN 112695516 A CN112695516 A CN 112695516A CN 202110035471 A CN202110035471 A CN 202110035471A CN 112695516 A CN112695516 A CN 112695516A
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- Prior art keywords
- microfiber
- woven fabric
- drying
- fabric
- aqueous
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- 229920001410 Microfiber Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 239000003658 microfiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000011664 nicotinic acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 48
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 36
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene Chemical compound 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CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
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Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M10/00—Physical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. ultrasonic, corona discharge, irradiation, electric currents, or magnetic fields; Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements
- D06M10/04—Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements
- D06M10/08—Organic compounds
- D06M10/10—Macromolecular compounds
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
- D06M2101/18—Synthetic fibres consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种仿生性水性超纤基布的制备方法，属于水性超纤基布的制备技术领域。具体实施方式为采用离子型水性聚氨酯浆液浸渍超纤无纺布，并采用切液刀刮平超纤无纺布的上下两面，然后送入直流电场施加电压一段时间后，送入干燥箱进行烘干处理，干燥处理完后送入抽出槽进行减量抽出，抽出完成后上油处理，然后再进行干燥得到截面两侧密度不同的水性超纤基布。本发明通过改变截面密度实现三维网络结构的定向控制，产品具有类似于真皮结构的防水透气性。
Description
技术领域 本发明属于水性超纤基布的制备技术领域，具体涉及一种仿生性水性超纤基布的制备方法。 背景技术 目前在大力倡导环保的理念下，水性聚氨酯应运而生，并在各个领域得到大范围应用，其在超纤合成革方面的应用亦方兴未艾，然超纤合成革也有自身的独特特点，模仿真皮的效果一直是超纤皮革的一大方向，由于真皮具有截面密度的渐变特性，可以实现吸湿透气的效果，一般由密度低的一侧进行吸湿，并通过皮革内部的微孔产生毛细力将吸收的水汽分子排到另一侧，而密度高的一侧由于较密实而不易吸湿，然而空气分子则可以通过细小的微孔实现顺畅的流通，如此这样便实现了吸湿透气的效果，基于此，利用水性聚氨酯的带电特性，将其配成一定粘度的浆液，在一定直流电场强度下使水性聚氨酯实现类似于电泳的迁移，经过一定时间的迁移后，水性聚氨酯浆液会在电场两侧形成高低不同浓度的区域，这样再经过烘干使溶剂水挥发，便可得到两侧密度不同的水性超纤基布，如此实现三维网络结构的定向控制，从而达到类似于真皮结构的防水透气性。 发明内容 本发明的目的在于提供一种仿生性水性超纤基布的制备方法，所制备得到的水性超纤基布具有类似真皮结构的防水透气性。 为达到上述目的，提供以下技术方案： 一种仿生性水性超纤基布的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤： 1）用离子型水性聚氨酯浆液浸渍超纤无纺布，浸渍完成后采用切液刀刮平超纤无纺布的上下两面； 2）将通过步骤1）处理过的超纤无纺布送入直流电场，电场方向垂直于布面，在电场作用下水性聚氨酯分子从基布一侧迁移向基布另一侧，经过对布面施加电压后，送入干燥箱进行烘干处理； 3）干燥后送入抽出槽进行减量抽出，抽出完成后上油处理，然后再进行干燥得到截面两侧密度不同的水性超纤基布。 进一步地，所述的离子型水性聚氨酯浆液为阴离子型水性聚氨酯浆液或阳离子型聚氨酯浆液，离子型水性聚氨酯浆液的质量浓度在5%~30%之间，粘度在1000~5000mpa/s之间，溶剂为水。 进一步地，所述的直流电场为恒压电场或数段不同电压值的直流电场，电压值在100~2000v之间，电压在此范围内能达到较好的分子移动效果。 进一步地，步骤2）中所述的烘干处理的温度在100~150℃之间。 进一步地，所述的减量抽出为甲苯减量抽出或碱减量抽出。 进一步地，所述的上油处理的上油带液率在20%~150%之间。 进一步地，步骤3）中所述的干燥的温度在100~180℃之间。 利用水性聚氨酯分子带电的特性，采用具有一定电场强度的恒定直流电场对浸渍过水性聚氨酯的超纤无纺布施加电压，这样带电的水性聚氨酯分子会在电场作用下向一侧迁移，待迁移达到平衡后超纤无纺布一侧的聚氨酯分子便会增多，而另一侧的聚氨酯分子则会减少，而由于水性聚氨酯分子在水溶剂中呈现为多分散体系，意即其分子量存在一个分布范围，而不同分子量的带电分子其电泳迁移速率不同，所以在超纤无纺布中间会形成一个密度逐渐连续变化的过渡区，随后再经过干燥将该分布状况的水性聚氨酯体系固化，然后进行抽出上油再干燥，得到截面密度逐渐变化的水性超纤基布。 相对于现有技术，本发明的有益效果在于： 1）通过直流电场对水性聚氨酯分子进行迁移，以便使制备得到的超纤基布的两侧截面具有不同密度，从而同时达到防水和透气的目的。 2）本发明制备过程简单、经济性佳。 具体实施方式 下面结合实施例对本发明进行进一步地说明，但本发明的保护范围并不仅限于此。 水吸收率=（吸水后的湿基布质量-基布的初始质量）/基布的初始质量）；水吸收率采用QB/T 4044-2010防护鞋用合成革标准，其一般测试方法为将制备好的基布样品先裁成要求的大小，卷成半圆筒形后紧固于动态测试仪上，其筒体一半浸没于水中，经过仪器动态往复伸缩一定时间后测基布样品的水吸收率，水吸收率越大，说明防水性越差。透气性也采用QB/T 4044-2010防护鞋用合成革标准，其一般测试方法为用制备的基布样品封堵住圆筒状瓶口，瓶内装有干燥吸收剂，然后放置于一定湿度的环境中，测试干燥剂的吸收量和基布的吸收量，最后换算成水蒸气渗透和吸收系数，系数越大说明透气性越好。 实施例1 选取厚度2.0mm的PA6/PE海岛型超纤无纺布一块，用浓度15%、模量为30的阳离子型水性聚氨酯浆液（粘度为1000mpa/s）浸渍上述无纺布，经切液刀刮平上下两面后，不经过直流电场施加电压，直接送入120℃的干燥箱进行烘干，待干燥后送入抽出槽在85℃下进行甲苯减量抽出，抽出完成后再进行上油处理，之后进入干燥箱在130℃进行烘干，得到最终截面两侧密度一致的水性超纤基布。 进行动态防水测试试验，结果显示其水吸收率为160%左右，然后进行水蒸气渗透和吸收系数的测试试验，结果显示其水蒸气渗透和吸收系数为54mg/cm2， 实施例2 选取厚度2.0mm的PA6/PE海岛型超纤无纺布一块，用浓度5%、模量为30的阴离子型水性聚氨酯浆液（粘度为1000mpa/s）浸渍上述无纺布，经切液刀刮平上下两面后，送入电场强度为100V的直流恒压电场中，经施加20min的电压后，送入100℃的干燥箱进行烘干，待干燥后送入抽出槽在85℃下进行甲苯减量抽出，抽出完成后再进行带液率为20%的上油处理，之后进入干燥箱在100℃进行烘干，得到最终截面两侧密度不同的水性超纤基布，随后进行动态防水测试试验（将密度较大的一侧贴近水面，而密度较小的一侧远离水面），结果显示其水吸收率为90%左右。然后进行水蒸气渗透和吸收系数的测试试验（将密度较大的一侧朝向瓶内，而密度较小的一侧朝向有一定湿度的环境），结果显示其水蒸气渗透和吸收系数为89mg/cm2。 实施例3 选取厚度2.0mm的PA/COPET海岛型超纤无纺布一块，用浓度5%、模量为30的阴离子型水性聚氨酯浆液（粘度为1000mpa/s）浸渍上述无纺布，经切液刀刮平上下两面后，送入电场强度为100V的直流恒压电场中，经施加20min的电压后，送入100℃的干燥箱进行烘干，待干燥后送入抽出槽在85℃下进行碱减量抽出，抽出完成后再进行带液率为20%的上油处理，之后进入干燥箱在100℃进行烘干，得到最终截面两侧密度不同的水性超纤基布，随后进行动态防水测试试验（将密度较大的一侧贴近水面，而密度较小的一侧远离水面），结果显示其水吸收率为102%左右。然后又进行水蒸气渗透和吸收系数的测试试验（将密度较大的一侧朝向瓶内，而密度较小的一侧朝向有一定湿度的环境），结果显示其水蒸气渗透和吸收系数为115mg/cm2。 实施例4 选取厚度2.0mm的PA6/PE海岛型超纤无纺布一块，用浓度30%、模量为30的阳离子型水性聚氨酯浆液（粘度为5000mpa/s）浸渍上述无纺布，经切液刀刮平上下两面后，送入电场强度为2000V的直流恒压电场中，经施加20min的电压后，送入150℃的干燥箱进行烘干，待干燥后送入抽出槽在85℃下进行甲苯减量抽出，抽出完成后再进行带液率为150%的上油处理，之后进入干燥箱在180℃进行烘干，得到最终截面两侧密度不同的水性超纤基布，随后进行动态防水测试试验（将密度较大的一侧贴近水面，而密度较小的一侧远离水面），结果显示其水吸收率为126%左右。然后又进行水蒸气渗透和吸收系数的测试试验（将密度较大的一侧朝向瓶内，而密度较小的一侧朝向有一定湿度的环境），结果显示其水蒸气渗透和吸收系数为103mg/cm2。 实施例5 选取厚度2.0mm的PA6/PE海岛型超纤无纺布一块，用浓度15%、模量为45的阳离子型水性聚氨酯浆液（粘度为1500mpa/s）浸渍上述无纺布，经切液刀刮平上下两面后，送入电场强度为1500V的直流恒压电场中，经施加20min的电压后，送入130℃的干燥箱进行烘干，待干燥后送入抽出槽在85℃下进行甲苯减量抽出，抽出完成后再进行带液率为100%的上油处理，之后进入干燥箱在150℃进行烘干，得到最终截面两侧密度不同的水性超纤基布，随后进行动态防水测试试验（将密度较大的一侧贴近水面，而密度较小的一侧远离水面），结果显示其水吸收率为106%左右。然后又进行水蒸气渗透和吸收系数的测试试验（将密度较大的一侧朝向瓶内，而密度较小的一侧朝向有一定湿度的环境），结果显示其水蒸气渗透和吸收系数为118mg/cm2。 实施例6 选取厚度2.0mm的PA6/PE海岛型超纤无纺布一块，用浓度15%、模量为45的阳离子型水性聚氨酯浆液（粘度为1500mpa/s）浸渍上述无纺布，经切液刀刮平上下两面后，依次送入三段电场强度为1000V、1500V、2000V的直流电场中，经施加20min的电压后，送入130℃的干燥箱进行烘干，待干燥后送入抽出槽在85℃下进行甲苯减量抽出，抽出完成后再进行带液率为100%的上油处理，之后进入干燥箱在150℃进行烘干，得到最终截面两侧密度不同的水性超纤基布，随后进行动态防水测试试验（将密度较大的一侧贴近水面，而密度较小的一侧远离水面），结果显示其水吸收率为98%左右。然后又进行水蒸气渗透和吸收系数的测试试验（将密度较大的一侧朝向瓶内，而密度较小的一侧朝向有一定湿度的环境），结果显示其水蒸气渗透和吸收系数为128mg/cm2。 以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，应当指出，本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，根据本发明的技术方案对该发明进行构思并加以等同替换或改变，都应该涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。