阅读说明：本技术 一种以罗非鱼鳞原料生产鱼胶原蛋白肽的方法 (Method for producing fish collagen peptide by using tilapia mossambica scale as raw material ) 是由 张格� 李江 王辉 林冰莹 王璇 于 2021-01-14 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种以罗非鱼鳞原料生产鱼胶原蛋白肽的方法,是由以下步骤制得：预处理；活化处理；胶原蛋白的提取；胶原蛋白肽的提取。本发明的方法可以彻底酶解胶原蛋白,酶解产物分子量小且集中,酶解产物氨基酸含量低,所得胶原蛋白肽为白色无味粉末,得率高,灰分含量小于0.6g/100g,不仅保证胶原蛋白肽的高得率,而且所制备的胶原蛋白肽的分子量小且集中,成品细腻,水溶性好,有利于规模化生产。(The invention discloses a method for producing fish collagen peptide by using tilapia mossambica scale as raw material, which comprises the following steps: pre-treating; activating treatment; extracting collagen; and (4) extracting collagen peptide. The method of the invention can carry out enzymolysis on collagen completely, the molecular weight of the enzymolysis product is small and concentrated, the amino acid content of the enzymolysis product is low, the obtained collagen peptide is white odorless powder, the yield is high, the ash content is less than 0.6g/100g, the high yield of the collagen peptide is ensured, the molecular weight of the prepared collagen peptide is small and concentrated, the finished product is fine and smooth, the water solubility is good, and the method is beneficial to large-scale production.)

1. A method for producing fish collagen peptide by using tilapia mossambica scale as raw material is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) pretreatment: adding the cleaned tilapia scales into 0.05mol/L NaOH solution, stirring for 8-10 h, and draining; then adding the mixture into 0.04mol/L HCl solution for soaking for 2 hours, and draining; finally, adding the mixture into the composite liquid, soaking for 30-50 min, and washing with clear water to be neutral to obtain pretreated fish scales;

2) activation treatment: adding the pretreated fish scales into the activating solution, soaking for 2-4 h at 35-45 ℃, heating to 90-95 ℃, keeping for 3-5 min, naturally cooling to room temperature, washing, draining, drying, crushing, and sieving with a sieve of 80-100 meshes to obtain activated fish scale powder;

3) extracting collagen: mixing activated fish scale powder, acid protease and deionized water, extracting for 1-3 h at 45 +/-2 ℃ and pH =6, centrifuging, and collecting supernatant to obtain primary collagen liquid and primary residue; mixing the primary residue, neutral protease and deionized water, extracting for 1-2 h at 50 +/-2 ℃ and pH value of 7, centrifuging, and collecting supernatant to obtain secondary collagen liquid and secondary residue; mixing the secondary residue, alkaline protease and deionized water, extracting for 30-50 min at 55 +/-2 ℃ and pH value of 9, and collecting supernatant to obtain tertiary collagen liquid; mixing the primary collagen liquid, the secondary collagen liquid and the tertiary collagen liquid, desalting and concentrating an ultrafiltration membrane with the molecular weight cutoff of 3000-5000 Da, and spray drying to obtain fish scale collagen;

4) extracting collagen peptide: mixing fish scale collagen and deionized water, and adding compound protease and magnetic iron oxide Fe₃O₄And (3) carrying out enzymolysis on the granules for 3-5 h at a constant temperature of 40-60 ℃ and a pH value of 6-7, inactivating enzymes, centrifuging, collecting supernatant, concentrating under reduced pressure, and carrying out spray drying to obtain the fish collagen peptide.

2. The method for producing fish collagen peptide from raw material of tilapia mossambica scale according to claim 1, wherein the composite liquid is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-9 parts of aluminum chloride, 10-20 parts of formic acid, 0.2-0.4 part of glacial acetic acid and 100 parts of water.

3. The method for producing fish collagen peptide from tilapia mossambica scale raw material according to claim 1, wherein the activating solution is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-5 parts of potassium chloride, 1-3 parts of sodium polyglutamate, 2-4 parts of citric acid and 100 parts of water.

4. The method for producing fish collagen peptide from tilapia mossambica scale as claimed in claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the activated fish scale powder, the acidic protease and the deionized water is 100: 2-4: 1000-1200.

5. The method for producing fish collagen peptide from tilapia mossambica scale as claimed in claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of said primary residue, neutral protease and deionized water is 100: 1-3: 800 to 1000.

6. The method for producing fish collagen peptide from tilapia mossambica scale as claimed in claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of said secondary residue, alkaline protease and deionized water is 100: 1: 500-700.

7. The method for producing fish collagen peptide according to claim 1, wherein the fish scale collagen, deionized water, compound protease and magnetic iron oxide Fe₃O₄The weight ratio of the particles is 100: 1500-2000: 1-2: 0.3 to 0.5.

8. The method for producing fish collagen peptide according to claim 1 or 7, wherein said magnetic iron oxide Fe₃O₄The particle size of the particles is 30-50 nm.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of preparation of fish collagen peptides, in particular to a method for producing fish collagen peptides by using tilapia mossambica scales as raw materials.

Background

Collagen (Collagen) is a high molecular protein, is the most abundant protein in animals, accounts for about 25-33% of human protein, is equivalent to 6% of human weight, and has functions of supporting organs and protecting organisms. Collagen is a helical fibrous protein twisted from 3 peptide chains and widely distributed in connective tissues, skin, bones, visceral intercellular substance, muscle cavities, ligaments, sclera and other parts. 70% -80% of the organic matter in the bone is collagen, and when the bone is generated, enough collagen fibers must be synthesized to form the framework of the bone. Thus, collagen is known as the skeleton of the skeleton. Collagen is also the main component in skin, and accounts for more than 71% of the protein content in skin cells. Collagen is not isolated from skin for growth, repair and nutrition.

China is a big aquatic country, and aquatic resources are rich. At present, the processing of aquatic products in China is mainly rough processing, and the proportion of finely and deeply processed products is not high. A large amount of fish leftovers such as fish skin, fish scales, internal organs and fish heads are generated while the aquatic product processing industry is developed at a high speed, the leftovers account for about 40-50% of raw material fish, most of the leftovers are discarded except a small amount of leftovers for producing fish meal and fish feed, so that not only is the resource waste greatly caused, but also the environmental pollution is caused. Therefore, the high utilization of the nutritional active substances in the fish leftovers has attracted great attention of researchers at home and abroad.

The collagen peptide is low molecular weight bioactive peptide with special functions, which is obtained by deep hydrolysis of collagen tissue as raw material, and has small molecular weight, and compared with collagen, the collagen peptide is easier to be absorbed by human body, and the absorption rate is about more than 95%, while the absorption rate of collagen is only 25%. The collagen peptide has more hydrophilic groups, so that the water solubility is better, the peptide bond of the collagen is cut off by a degradation means, and the functional fragment is exposed, so that a large number of bioactive components exist in the collagen peptide, including the peptides with biological activities of resisting oxidation, inhibiting ACE activity, resisting ulcer, inhibiting arthritis, improving immunity, enhancing bone density, preventing osteoporosis and the like, and the collagen peptide can be widely applied to the fields of cosmetics, health-care foods, medical products and the like.

At present, the most important methods for preparing the fish scale collagen peptide comprise an acid method, an alkaline method and an enzymatic method, and a plurality of methods are combined for use. The collagen peptide is extracted by an acid and alkali method, the molecular weight distribution of the product is wide, the uniformity is poor, a large amount of acid and alkali must be consumed in the extraction process in order to prepare the collagen peptide with smaller molecular weight, the extraction of the product components is very complicated, and the subsequent purification treatment is troublesome. The method can extract collagen peptide by an enzymolysis method besides an acid method and an alkali method, and compared with the acid method and the alkali method, the enzyme method has the advantages of high hydrolysis efficiency, mild conditions, easiness in controlling the hydrolysis process and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for producing fish collagen peptide by using tilapia mossambica scale raw materials, which is safe, environment-friendly, high in yield, high in product purity, small in molecular weight and concentrated.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a method for producing fish collagen peptide by using tilapia mossambica scale as raw material comprises the following steps:

1) pretreatment: adding the cleaned tilapia scales into 0.05mol/L NaOH solution, stirring for 8-10 h, and draining; then adding the mixture into 0.04mol/L HCl solution for soaking for 2 hours, and draining; finally, adding the mixture into the composite liquid, soaking for 30-50 min, and washing with clear water to be neutral to obtain pretreated fish scales;

in the compound liquid, calcium chloride is easy to adsorb in the solution, so that fish scale tissues are protected; the formic acid is mild in property, so that the fish scale tissue is protected while decalcification is carried out; the glacial acetic acid has high penetration speed, helps formic acid decalcify, reduces damage of formic acid to fish scale tissues, and properly expands the fish scale tissues. The compound liquid can protect fish scale tissues and improve the extraction rate of collagen while effectively decalcifying.

2) Activation treatment: adding the pretreated fish scales into the activating solution, soaking for 2-4 h at 35-45 ℃, heating to 90-95 ℃, keeping for 3-5 min, naturally cooling to room temperature, washing, draining, drying, crushing, and sieving with a sieve of 80-100 meshes to obtain activated fish scale powder;

in the invention, pretreated fish scales are soaked in an activating solution to expand the tissue structure of the fish scales; and heating to 90-95 ℃, destroying the balance of non-covalent bonds of collagen molecules at high temperature, promoting acid and water molecules to enter the original cavity of the collagen, and remarkably improving the extraction rate of the collagen.

3) Extracting collagen: mixing activated fish scale powder, acid protease and deionized water, extracting for 1-3 h at 45 +/-2 ℃ and pH of 6, centrifuging, and collecting supernatant to obtain primary collagen liquid and primary residue; mixing the primary residue, neutral protease and deionized water, extracting for 1-2 h at 50 +/-2 ℃ and pH value of 7, centrifuging, and collecting supernatant to obtain secondary collagen liquid and secondary residue; mixing the secondary residue, alkaline protease and deionized water, extracting for 30-50 min at 55 +/-2 ℃ and pH value of 9, and collecting supernatant to obtain tertiary collagen liquid; mixing the primary collagen liquid, the secondary collagen liquid and the tertiary collagen liquid, desalting and concentrating an ultrafiltration membrane with the molecular weight cutoff of 3000-5000 Da, and spray drying to obtain fish scale collagen;

the invention adopts different enzymes for treatment, has high utilization rate and can control the enzymolysis degree of the collagen.

4) Extracting collagen peptide: mixing fish scale collagen and deionized water, and adding compound protease and magnetic iron oxide Fe₃O₄And (3) carrying out enzymolysis on the granules for 3-5 h at a constant temperature of 40-60 ℃ and a pH value of 6-7, inactivating enzymes, centrifuging, collecting supernatant, concentrating under reduced pressure, and carrying out spray drying to obtain the fish collagen peptide.

In the present invention, magnetic iron oxide Fe₃O₄The particles are used as collagen extracellular electron shuttles to stimulate collagen enzymolysis potential, improve enzymolysis efficiency, reduce reaction time and obviously improve fish collagen peptide yield.

The composite liquid is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-9 parts of aluminum chloride, 10-20 parts of formic acid, 0.2-0.4 part of glacial acetic acid and 100 parts of water.

The activating solution is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-5 parts of potassium chloride, 1-3 parts of sodium polyglutamate, 2-4 parts of citric acid and 100 parts of water.

The weight ratio of the activated fish scale powder to the acidic protease to the deionized water is 100: 2-4: 1000-1200.

The weight ratio of the primary residue, the neutral protease and the deionized water is 100: 1-3: 800 to 1000.

The weight ratio of the secondary residue to the alkaline protease to the deionized water is 100: 1: 500-700.

The fish scale collagen, the deionized water, the compound protease and the magnetic iron oxide Fe₃O₄The weight ratio of the particles is 100: 1500-2000: 1-2: 0.3 to 0.5.

Said, magnetic iron oxide Fe₃O₄The particle size of the particles is 30-50 nm.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. according to the invention, the compound liquid can effectively decalcify and protect fish scale tissues, so that the extraction rate of collagen is improved; the fish scale tissue structure is expanded through the immersion of the activating solution, the dissolution of collagen is promoted, and the hydrolysis effect of protein is improved; the extraction rate of the collagen is improved by high temperature; the enzymolysis degree of collagen is effectively controlled by different enzyme treatments; finally passing through magnetic iron oxide Fe₃O₄The granules have the effects of exciting the enzymolysis potential of the collagen, improving the enzymolysis efficiency, reducing the reaction time, obviously improving the yield of the fish collagen peptide and reducing the molecular weight of the fish collagen peptide.

2. The method of the invention can carry out enzymolysis on collagen completely, the molecular weight of the enzymolysis product is small and concentrated, the amino acid content of the enzymolysis product is low, the obtained collagen peptide is white odorless powder, the yield is high, the ash content is less than 0.6g/100g, the high yield of the collagen peptide is ensured, the molecular weight of the prepared collagen peptide is small and concentrated, the finished product is fine and smooth, the water solubility is good, and the method is beneficial to large-scale production.

3. The raw materials of the invention are aquatic product processing wastes, thereby effectively avoiding environmental pollution and improving the resource utilization rate.

Detailed Description

The present application is described in further detail below by way of examples to enable those skilled in the art to practice the present application. It is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and that changes may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. To avoid detail not necessary to enable those skilled in the art to practice the application, the description may omit certain information known to those skilled in the art. The following detailed description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present invention is defined only by the appended claims. The following examples are presented to facilitate a better understanding of the present application and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application.

Example 1

A method for producing fish collagen peptide by using tilapia mossambica scale as raw material comprises the following steps:

1) pretreatment: adding the cleaned tilapia scales into 0.05mol/L NaOH solution, stirring for 8-10 h, and draining; then adding the mixture into 0.04mol/L HCl solution for soaking for 2 hours, and draining; finally, adding the mixture into the composite liquid, soaking for 50min, and washing with clear water to be neutral to obtain pretreated fish scales;

2) activation treatment: adding the pretreated fish scales into the activating solution, soaking for 4h at 35 ℃, heating to 90 ℃, keeping for 5min, naturally cooling to room temperature, washing with water, controlling moisture, drying, crushing, and sieving with a 80-mesh sieve to obtain activated fish scale powder;

3) extracting collagen: mixing activated fish scale powder, acidic protease and deionized water, extracting at 45 + -2 deg.C and pH of 6 for 3 hr, centrifuging, and collecting supernatant to obtain primary collagen liquid and primary residue; mixing the primary residue, neutral protease and deionized water, extracting at 50 + -2 deg.C and pH 7 for 1 hr, centrifuging, and collecting supernatant to obtain secondary collagen liquid and secondary residue; mixing the secondary residue, alkaline protease and deionized water, extracting at 55 + -2 deg.C and pH of 9 for 30min, and collecting supernatant to obtain tertiary collagen liquid; mixing the primary collagen liquid, the secondary collagen liquid and the tertiary collagen liquid, desalting and concentrating an ultrafiltration membrane with the molecular weight cutoff of 5000Da, and spray drying to obtain fish scale collagen;

4) extracting collagen peptide: removing fish scalesUniformly mixing collagen and deionized water, and then adding compound protease and magnetic iron oxide Fe₃O₄Carrying out enzymolysis on the granules for 3h at constant temperature under the conditions of pH value of 6 and 60 ℃, inactivating enzyme, centrifuging, collecting supernate, concentrating under reduced pressure, and carrying out spray drying to obtain the fish collagen peptide.

The composite liquid is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 9 parts of aluminum chloride, 10 parts of formic acid, 0.4 part of glacial acetic acid and 100 parts of water.

The activating solution is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1 part of potassium chloride, 3 parts of sodium polyglutamate, 2 parts of citric acid and 100 parts of water.

The weight ratio of the activated fish scale powder to the acidic protease to the deionized water is 100: 4: 1000.

the weight ratio of the primary residue, the neutral protease and the deionized water is 100: 3: 800.

the weight ratio of the secondary residue to the alkaline protease to the deionized water is 100: 1: 700.

the fish scale collagen, the deionized water, the compound protease and the magnetic iron oxide Fe₃O₄The weight ratio of the particles is 100: 1500: 2: 0.3.

said, magnetic iron oxide Fe₃O₄The particle size of the particles was 50 nm.

Example 2

A method for producing fish collagen peptide by using tilapia mossambica scale as raw material comprises the following steps:

1) pretreatment: adding the cleaned tilapia scales into 0.05mol/L NaOH solution, stirring for 8-10 h, and draining; then adding the mixture into 0.04mol/L HCl solution for soaking for 2 hours, and draining; finally, adding the mixture into the composite liquid, soaking for 30min, and washing with clear water to be neutral to obtain pretreated fish scales;

2) activation treatment: adding the pretreated fish scales into the activating solution, soaking for 2h at 45 ℃, heating to 95 ℃, keeping for 3min, naturally cooling to room temperature, washing with water, controlling moisture, drying, crushing, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain activated fish scale powder;

3) extracting collagen: mixing activated fish scale powder, acidic protease and deionized water, extracting at 45 + -2 deg.C and pH of 6 for 1h, centrifuging, and collecting supernatant to obtain primary collagen liquid and primary residue; mixing the primary residue, neutral protease and deionized water, extracting at 50 + -2 deg.C and pH 7 for 2 hr, centrifuging, and collecting supernatant to obtain secondary collagen liquid and secondary residue; mixing the secondary residue, alkaline protease and deionized water, extracting at 55 + -2 deg.C and pH of 9 for 50min, and collecting supernatant to obtain tertiary collagen liquid; mixing the primary collagen liquid, the secondary collagen liquid and the tertiary collagen liquid, desalting and concentrating by using an ultrafiltration membrane with the molecular weight cutoff of 3000Da, and performing spray drying to obtain the fish scale collagen;

4) extracting collagen peptide: mixing fish scale collagen and deionized water, and adding compound protease and magnetic iron oxide Fe₃O₄Carrying out enzymolysis on the granules for 5h at constant temperature under the conditions of pH value of 7 and 40 ℃, inactivating enzyme, centrifuging, collecting supernate, concentrating under reduced pressure, and carrying out spray drying to obtain the fish collagen peptide.

The composite liquid is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of aluminum chloride, 20 parts of formic acid, 0.2 part of glacial acetic acid and 100 parts of water.

The activating solution is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of potassium chloride, 1 part of sodium polyglutamate, 4 parts of citric acid and 100 parts of water.

The weight ratio of the activated fish scale powder to the acidic protease to the deionized water is 100: 2: 1200.

the weight ratio of the primary residue, the neutral protease and the deionized water is 100: 1: 1000.

the weight ratio of the secondary residue to the alkaline protease to the deionized water is 100: 1: 500.

the fish scale collagen, the deionized water, the compound protease and the magnetic iron oxide Fe₃O₄The weight ratio of the particles is 100: 2000: 1: 0.5.

said, magnetic iron oxide Fe₃O₄The particle size of the particles was 30 nm.

Example 3

A method for producing fish collagen peptide by using tilapia mossambica scale as raw material comprises the following steps:

1) pretreatment: adding the cleaned tilapia scales into 0.05mol/L NaOH solution, stirring for 8-10 h, and draining; then adding the mixture into 0.04mol/L HCl solution for soaking for 2 hours, and draining; finally, adding the mixture into the composite liquid, soaking for 40min, and washing with clear water to be neutral to obtain pretreated fish scales;

2) activation treatment: adding the pretreated fish scales into the activating solution, soaking for 3h at 40 ℃, heating to 92 ℃, keeping for 4min, naturally cooling to room temperature, washing with water, controlling moisture, drying, crushing, and sieving with a 90-mesh sieve to obtain activated fish scale powder;

3) extracting collagen: mixing activated fish scale powder, acidic protease and deionized water, extracting at 45 + -2 deg.C and pH of 6 for 2 hr, centrifuging, and collecting supernatant to obtain primary collagen liquid and primary residue; mixing the primary residue, neutral protease and deionized water, extracting at 50 + -2 deg.C and pH 7 for 1.5h, centrifuging, and collecting supernatant to obtain secondary collagen liquid and secondary residue; mixing the secondary residue, alkaline protease and deionized water, extracting at 55 + -2 deg.C and pH of 9 for 40min, and collecting supernatant to obtain tertiary collagen liquid; mixing the primary collagen liquid, the secondary collagen liquid and the tertiary collagen liquid, desalting and concentrating an ultrafiltration membrane with the molecular weight cutoff of 4000Da, and spray drying to obtain fish scale collagen;

4) extracting collagen peptide: mixing fish scale collagen and deionized water, and adding compound protease and magnetic iron oxide Fe₃O₄Carrying out enzymolysis on the granules for 4h at constant temperature under the conditions of pH value of 6.5 and 50 ℃, inactivating enzyme, centrifuging, collecting supernate, concentrating under reduced pressure, and carrying out spray drying to obtain the fish collagen peptide.

The composite liquid is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 7 parts of aluminum chloride, 15 parts of formic acid, 0.3 part of glacial acetic acid and 100 parts of water.

The activating solution is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3 parts of potassium chloride, 2 parts of sodium polyglutamate, 3 parts of citric acid and 100 parts of water.

The weight ratio of the activated fish scale powder to the acidic protease to the deionized water is 100: 3: 1100.

the weight ratio of the primary residue, the neutral protease and the deionized water is 100: 2: 900.

the weight ratio of the secondary residue to the alkaline protease to the deionized water is 100: 1: 600.

the fish scale collagen, the deionized water, the compound protease and the magnetic iron oxide Fe₃O₄The weight ratio of the particles is 100: 1800: 1.5: 0.4.

said, magnetic iron oxide Fe₃O₄The particle size of the particles was 40 nm.

Comparative example 1

The difference from example 3 is that magnetic iron oxide Fe was not used₃O₄And (3) granules.

Comparative example 2

The difference from example 3 is that the immersion in the composite solution was not performed.

Comparative example 3

The difference from the embodiment 3 is that the step of activation treatment is not carried out, the water of the pretreated fish scales is directly drained, and the fish scales are dried, crushed and sieved by a 90-mesh sieve to obtain the fish scale powder.

Performance testing

The performance of the fish collagen peptides prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3 was tested, and the molecular weight distribution was performed according to the method in appendix A of national Standard for people's republic of China GB/T22729-2008, the hydroxyproline detection method was performed according to national Standard for people's republic of China GB/T9695.23-2008, the total nitrogen detection method was performed according to national Standard for people's republic of China GB/T5009.5-2016, and the ash detection method was performed according to national Standard for people's republic of China GB/T5009.4-2016, with the results shown in Table 1 below.

TABLE 1 results of performance test of fish collagen peptides prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3

As can be seen from Table 1, the fish collagen peptides prepared in examples 1-3 all have better properties than the fish collagen peptides prepared in comparative examples 1-3, which indicates that the method of the present invention can completely perform enzymolysis on collagen, the enzymolysis products have small and concentrated molecular weight, high hydroxyproline content, and ash content less than 0.6g/100 g.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above specific examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, but not to limit the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing specific embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention in its corresponding aspects.