阅读说明：本技术 一种模块化阵元压电陶瓷超声导波检测装置及检测方法 (Modular array element piezoelectric ceramic ultrasonic guided wave detection device and detection method ) 是由 包士毅 余剑宇 罗利佳 燕玲 王金鹏 刘明威 凡静静 于 2020-12-01 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种模块化阵元压电陶瓷超声导波检测装置及检测方法,装置包括阵元模块和紧固组件；所述的阵元模块含有一组激励传感器和接收传感器,根据检测的需要自由组合阵元模块的数量,并通过紧固组件将若干阵元模块固定在待检测管道外壁上,每个阵元模块的信号线束均与信号传感与信号处理系统连接,通过一次回波信号每个阵元通道的时延计算聚焦信号每个阵元通道的时延,实现导波信号的聚焦。本发明装置结构配置灵活,可定制度高,能够针对不同的检测需要迅速地调整安装配置,适用于不同大直径地管道。(The invention discloses a modular array element piezoelectric ceramic ultrasonic guided wave detection device and a detection method, wherein the device comprises an array element module and a fastening assembly; array element module contain a set of excitation sensor and receiving sensor, according to the quantity of the needs independent assortment array element module of detection to fix a plurality of array element modules on waiting to detect the pipeline outer wall through fastening component, the signal pencil of every array element module all is connected with signal sensing and signal processing system, calculates the time delay of every array element passageway of focus signal through the time delay of every array element passageway of an echo signal, realizes the focus of guided wave signal. The device has flexible structural configuration and high degree of customization, can quickly adjust the installation configuration according to different detection requirements, and is suitable for pipelines with different large diameters.)

1. The utility model provides a modularization array element piezoceramics supersound guided wave detection device, includes a set of array element module (1) and fastening components (2), its characterized in that: array element module (1) includes casing (11), signal pencil (12) to and a pair of flexible direction and pipeline (3) axial unanimous piezoceramics, piezoceramics includes excitation sensor (14), receiving transducer (13), and excitation sensor (14) and receiving transducer (13) embedding casing (11) bottom surface to connect signal pencil (12) respectively, array element module (1) circumference is evenly arranged on pipeline (3) outer wall, and is concatenated the concatenation by fastening components (2).

2. The ultrasonic guided-wave detection device for the modular array element piezoelectric ceramics according to claim 1, wherein one group of array element modules (1) comprises a zero number module (15) provided with a fastening ratchet wheel (151), one end of a fastening component (2) is connected with the zero number module (15), the other end of the fastening component is matched with the fastening ratchet wheel (151) after the array element modules (1) are coated, and the fastening component (2) is tensioned by rotating the fastening ratchet wheel (151).

3. The device for detecting the ultrasonic guided wave of the modular array element piezoelectric ceramic according to claim 2, wherein the fastening component (2) comprises a flexible organic material fabric (22) and a flexible rack (21), the array element module (1) is surrounded and wrapped by the flexible organic material fabric (22), the flexible rack (21) is matched with the fastening ratchet wheel (151), and the fastening component (2) is tensioned by rotating the fastening ratchet wheel (151).

4. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upper part of the array element module (1) is provided with a mounting lug for inserting the fastening component (2).

5. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the signal harness (12) comprises an excitation signal harness and a reception signal harness, which are led out through a cable with a shielding layer and are respectively connected with a signal sensing and signal processing system.

6. The modular array element piezoelectric ceramic ultrasonic guided wave detection device as claimed in claim 1, wherein an ultrasonic coupling agent is coated between the array element module (1) and the outer wall of the pipeline (3), and the excitation sensor (14) and the receiving sensor (13) are in contact with the outer wall of the pipeline (3) through the ultrasonic coupling agent.

7. The utility model provides a modularization array element piezoceramics supersound guided wave detection method, its characterized in that adopts a set of circumference evenly to arrange array element module (1) on pipeline (3) outer wall, array element module (1) includes a pair of flexible direction and pipeline (3) axial unanimous piezoceramics, is respectively excitation sensor (14), receiving transducer (13), and detection method includes following step:

s1, selecting guided wave excitation parameters according to the guided wave frequency dispersion characteristic of the pipeline (3) to be detected;

s2, carrying out primary signal excitation, and carrying out primary signal input on a group of array element modules (1) by a signal sensing and signal processing system, and scanning the ultrasonic guided waves excited by an excitation sensor (14) along a pipeline (3);

s3, acquiring a primary signal, acquiring an ultrasonic guided wave echo generated by primary signal excitation by a receiving sensor (13), and transmitting data into a signal sensing and signal processing system;

s4, performing primary signal time reversal processing, filtering the acquired primary reflection signal by the signal sensing and signal processing system by adopting a variational mode decomposition method, and performing time reversal processing on the filtered signal;

s5, exciting a secondary signal, reloading the signal subjected to the primary signal time reversal processing on the array element module (1) to carry out guided wave focusing;

and S6, acquiring secondary signals, acquiring ultrasonic guided wave echoes generated by excitation of the secondary signals by the receiving sensor (13), and transmitting data into the signal sensing and signal processing system.

8. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the step S1 is implemented by calculating a dispersion curve of a guided wave L mode according to the geometric dimension and material mechanics parameters of the pipe (3) to be tested, and selecting guided wave excitation parameters.

9. The method for detecting the ultrasonic guided waves of the modular array element piezoelectric ceramic according to claim 7, wherein the signal sensing and signal processing system controls all channels of the multi-channel signal generator to generate consistent signals with a certain frequency in step S2, the consistent signals are amplified by the multi-channel power amplifier and then applied to the excitation sensor (14), the first L-mode unfocused ultrasonic guided waves are excited, and the excited ultrasonic guided waves are axially propagated along the pipeline; in step S4, the signal sensing and processing system applies a time reversal window to the signal, intercepts the filtered signal to obtain a defect packet equal to the time length of the primary excitation signal, applies the time reversal window to the defect packet, and normalizes the amplitude of the signal of each channel.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the guided wave focusing in step S5 is performed by loading the time-reversed signal to a channel corresponding to a signal acquisition, thereby benefiting the reciprocity of the waveguide medium, the delay signal is excited in each channel, and the guided wave energy is focused at the defect.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of nondestructive testing, in particular to a pipeline structure damage detection device and a pipeline structure damage detection method.

Background

With the promotion of urbanization construction and the establishment of an economic system for green low-carbon cycle development in China, a pipe network system is used as an important part in the economic construction in China, and the scale of the pipe network system is continuously enlarged, so that great challenges are brought to the structural health monitoring of a pipeline system. The ultrasonic guided wave nondestructive testing technology is a long-distance and large-range structure rapid scanning technology, has the advantages of single-point excitation, full-section coverage detection, long detection distance, high detection efficiency and the like, and is widely applied to engineering structures such as detection pipe fittings, rod pieces, thin plates, rails and the like.

The traditional single channel signal for ultrasonic guided wave detection cannot realize directional control of guided wave propagation, can only excite guided waves with specific energy and mode in the circumferential direction indiscriminately, has the problem of poor small defect characterization capability, and cannot adapt to the conditions of small defects and complex defect distribution. The phase-controlled ultrasonic guided wave detection technology is a new detection technology developed by taking the traditional phase-controlled ultrasonic detection technology as reference on the basis of the original single-channel ultrasonic guided wave detection technology. By controlling the delay and amplitude parameters of each array element of phased excitation of the array transducer and the guided wave field, the functions of beam focusing, frequency scanning, modal scanning and the like can be realized, the resolution of defect detection is improved, the success rate of defect identification is improved, and the adaptability of pipeline detection is greatly improved.

Commercial multichannel guided wave phased array system in market is expensive at present, and the hard and software of equipment highly integrates, and the detection array element is difficult to nimble increase and decrease in order to adapt to the pipeline of different diameters size, and user's customization demand is difficult to realize, under different service environment, and detection accuracy and detection efficiency discount greatly.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the defects of the prior art and realize the purpose of actively detecting the pipeline structure with high sensitivity, rapidness and accuracy, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the utility model provides a modularization array element piezoceramics supersound guided wave detection device, includes a set of array element module and fastening components, array element module includes casing, signal pencil to and a pair of flexible direction and the unanimous piezoceramics of pipeline axial, piezoceramics includes excitation sensor, receiving transducer, excitation sensor and receiving transducer embedding casing bottom surface to connect the signal pencil respectively, thereby isolated external environment's influence, reliability, the stability of assurance equipment and signal, array element module circumference evenly arranges on the pipeline outer wall, and concatenates the concatenation by fastening components. The ultrasonic guided waves of different modes required to be excited can be generated by adjusting the number and the arrangement intervals of the array element modules, and different requirements for focusing the ultrasonic guided waves are met.

The flexibility of installing aiming at different pipe diameters is improved to a great extent by the modularized selectable array elements, and the modularized selectable array elements are suitable for pipelines with different diameters. The detection device combines the phased array element focusing technology and the ultrasonic guided wave detection technology which can cover the whole guided wave structure at one time, realizes the focusing of guided wave energy at any position in the circumferential direction of the pipeline, and can carry out high-sensitivity, rapid and accurate active detection on the pipeline structure.

Further, a set of including the No. zero module that is equipped with the fastening ratchet runner in the array element module, fastening components one end is connected with the No. zero module, behind the cladding array element module, the other end sets up with the cooperation of fastening ratchet runner, rises through rotatory fastening ratchet runner and rises fastening components, makes every array element module can both closely laminate on the pipeline outer wall, guarantees detection device stability, prevents not hard up.

Furthermore, the fastening assembly comprises a flexible organic material fabric and a flexible rack, the array element module is surrounded and wrapped by the flexible organic material fabric, the array element module is tightly attached to the pipeline, the flexible rack is matched with the fastening ratchet wheel, and the fastening assembly is tensioned through rotating the fastening ratchet wheel.

Furthermore, array element module upper portion is equipped with the installation lug for alternate fastening components, make things convenient for fastening components's installation and the fixing of each array element module position after the installation, prevent at the ascending displacement of pipeline axial.

Furthermore, the signal wire harness comprises an excitation signal wire harness and a receiving signal wire harness, which are led out through a cable with a shielding layer and are respectively connected with the signal sensing and signal processing system.

Furthermore, an ultrasonic coupling agent is coated between the array element module and the outer wall of the pipeline, and the excitation sensor and the receiving sensor are in contact with the outer wall of the pipeline through the ultrasonic coupling agent, so that the efficiency of energy conversion is maximized.

The utility model provides a modularization array element piezoceramics supersound guided wave detection method, adopts a set of circumference evenly to arrange the array element module on the pipeline outer wall, array element module includes a pair of flexible direction and the unanimous piezoceramics of pipeline axial, is respectively excitation sensor, receiving transducer, and detection method includes following step:

s1, selecting guided wave excitation parameters according to the guided wave frequency dispersion characteristic of the pipeline to be detected;

s2, carrying out primary signal excitation, and carrying out primary signal input on a group of array element modules by the signal sensing and signal processing system, and scanning along the pipeline by ultrasonic guided waves excited by the excitation sensor;

s3, acquiring a signal for the first time, generating a reflection echo when the ultrasonic guided wave meets the defect, acquiring the ultrasonic guided wave echo generated by the excitation of the signal for the first time by the receiving sensor, and transmitting the data into the signal sensing and signal processing system;

s4, performing primary signal time reversal processing, filtering the acquired primary reflection signal by the signal sensing and signal processing system by adopting a variational mode decomposition method, and performing time reversal processing on the filtered signal;

s5, exciting the secondary signal, reloading the signal after the primary signal time reversal processing on the array element module group, and carrying out guided wave focusing;

and S6, acquiring secondary signals, acquiring ultrasonic guided wave echoes generated by excitation of the secondary signals by the receiving sensor, and transmitting data into the signal sensing and signal processing system to finish defect detection or structural health monitoring of the pipeline.

Further, the specific content of step S1 is to calculate a dispersion curve of the guided wave L mode according to the geometric dimension and the material mechanics parameters of the pipe to be measured, and select guided wave excitation parameters.

Further, in step S2, the signal sensing and signal processing system controls all channels of the multi-channel signal generator to generate consistent signals with a certain frequency, the consistent signals are amplified by the multi-channel power amplifier and then applied to the excitation sensor, so as to excite the first L-mode unfocused ultrasonic guided wave, and the excited ultrasonic guided wave propagates along the axial direction of the pipeline; in step S4, the signal sensing and processing system applies a time reversal window to the signal, intercepts the filtered signal to obtain a defect packet equal to the time length of the primary excitation signal, applies the time reversal window to the defect packet, and normalizes the amplitude of the signal of each channel.

Further, the directing and focusing in step S5 is to load the signal after the time reversal processing to the corresponding channel of the primary signal acquisition, which benefits the reciprocity of the waveguide medium, the delay signal is excited in each channel, and the guided wave energy is focused at the defect.

The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:

the device provided by the invention has the advantages that the installation difficulty is reduced by a method of tensioning the adjustable array element module and the fastening assembly, the applicability of the detection device to different pipeline diameters is improved, the flexible adjustment can be made according to the field detection environment and requirements, and the customization capability is greatly improved; the multi-channel excited guided wave signal can be generated, the focusing of guided wave energy can be realized at any position on the circumference of the pipeline, the detection efficiency of a micro-structure damage experiment in pipeline detection is improved, and more defect echo information is acquired.

The signal processing and identifying method can accurately identify and judge the echo signals, and has the advantages of high sensitivity, quick response, simple and convenient operation and low cost.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the polarization direction of a piezoelectric ceramic of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement direction of the piezoceramic excitation phased array and the piezoceramic receiving array of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the detection device installation of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the components of the detecting device of the present invention

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an array element module array mode of the invention.

Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the zero module side structure of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the fastener assembly of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the array element module and the signal sensing and processing system according to the present invention.

In the figure: 1. an array element module; 11. a housing; 12. a signal harness; 13. receiving a sensor; 14. an excitation sensor; 15. a zero module; 151. fastening ratchet wheel 2 and fastening assembly; 21. a flexible rack; 22. a flexible organic material fabric; 3. a pipeline.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.

As shown in FIGS. 1-3, a modular array element piezoelectric ceramic ultrasonic guided wave detection device comprises an array element module 1 and a fastening component 2. The array element modules 1 are uniformly arranged on the outer wall of a pipeline 3 according to the detection requirement, and an ultrasonic couplant is coated in the outer wall.

As shown in fig. 4, each array element module 1 of the phased array of the piezoelectric ceramic sensor installed in a modularized manner comprises a pair of piezoelectric ceramics which stretch along the length direction, the stretching direction is consistent with the axial direction of the pipeline and is respectively an excitation sensor 14 and a receiving sensor 13, the excitation sensor 14 is responsible for exciting ultrasonic guided wave signals, and the receiving sensor 13 is responsible for returning back reflection signals. The excitation sensor 14 and the receiving sensor 13 are in contact with the outer wall of the pipeline 3 through a coupling agent, so that the efficiency of energy conversion is maximized; each pair of sensors is embedded in a shell 11 made of organic materials and is respectively connected with a signal wire harness 12, so that the influence of the external environment is isolated, and the reliability and the stability of equipment and signals are ensured.

As shown in fig. 5-7, the fastening assembly 2 passes through the lifting eye of each array element module 1, and the whole device is tensioned by rotating the fastening ratchet wheel 151 on the zero module 15, so that each array element module 1 can be tightly attached to the pipeline 3. By adjusting the number of the array element modules 1 and arranging the spacing, the ultrasonic guided waves of different modes to be excited can be generated, and different requirements for focusing the ultrasonic guided waves can be met.

As shown in fig. 8, the signal harness 12 on the array element module 1 includes an excitation signal harness and a reception signal harness, which are led out through a cable with a shielding layer and connected with a signal sensing and signal processing system.

The signal sensing and processing system comprises the following functions: calculating the guided wave frequency dispersion curve of the pipeline to be tested, controlling the excitation state of each channel of the multi-channel signal generator, receiving the ultrasonic guided wave receiving sensor signal, filtering and reversing the signal, re-exciting the focusing signal and the like.

On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention further discloses a method for detecting the pipeline based on the time reversal focusing ultrasonic guided wave, which comprises the following steps:

(1) according to the diameter of the pipeline to be detected and the requirement of detection precision, a certain number of array element modules 1 are selected, the fastening assembly 2 penetrates through the lifting lug of each array element module 1, and the whole device is tensioned by rotating the fastening ratchet wheel rotating wheel 151 on the zero module 15, so that each array element module 1 can be tightly attached to the pipeline 3. The signal wire harness 12 on each array element module 1 comprises an excitation signal wire harness and a receiving signal wire harness, is led out through a cable with a shielding layer, and is connected with each channel of the signal sensing and signal processing system.

(2) A signal excitation. All channels of the multi-channel signal generator are controlled by the computer to generate consistent signals with a certain frequency, the consistent signals are amplified by the multi-channel power amplifier and then applied to the piezoelectric ceramic ultrasonic guided wave excitation phased array element excitation sensor 14, the first L-mode unfocused ultrasonic guided wave is excited, and the excited ultrasonic guided wave is axially transmitted along the pipeline.

(3) And (5) signal acquisition. When the ultrasonic guided wave meets the defect, a reflected echo is generated and is received and captured by the piezoelectric ceramic ultrasonic guided wave receiving array element receiving sensor 13, and the multi-array element receiving data enters a computer through a multi-channel signal acquisition card for filtering processing.

(4) A time reversal window is applied to the signal. Filtering the signal by adopting variation modal decomposition, intercepting the filtered signal to be equal to a defect wave packet of one-time excitation signal duration, and finally applying a time reversal window to the defect wave packet and normalizing the amplitude of each channel signal.

(5) And (5) exciting by using a secondary signal. The computer loads the time-reversed signal to the corresponding channel of the primary signal acquisition, so that the reciprocity of the waveguide medium is benefited, the time delay signal is respectively excited in each channel, and the guided wave energy is focused at the defect.

(6) And (5) secondary signal acquisition. The same as the third step. And completing the defect detection or structural health monitoring of the pipeline.

The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.