阅读说明：本技术 具有至少一个盖的涡轮机壳体、涡轮机、用于制造盖的方法 (Turbine housing with at least one cover, turbine, method for producing a cover ) 是由 L·科布马赫 M·迈耶 S·彼得里 K·施克曼 于 2019-08-06 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种涡轮机壳体(TMC),尤其是径向涡轮机(RTM)的涡轮机壳体,该径向涡轮机将机械功传递至工艺流体(PFL)或者将机械功从工艺流体(PFL)传出,涡轮机壳体包括：沿轴线(X)延伸的开口(OP),用于在轴向上引导沿轴线(X)延伸的轴(SH)通过；沿相对于轴线(X)的周向(CDR)延伸的靠接面(CSF),用于靠接在涡轮机壳体(TMC)的外壳(CCT)上。为了以在空间和成本上最优的方式来构造具有至少一个盖的涡轮机壳体、涡轮机以及为了低成本地制造盖而提出,设置有作为工艺流体(PFL)的供流部(INL)或排流部(EXL)的流管线(PFC),其被构造为盖(COV)的一体组成部分。(The invention relates to a turbine housing (TMC), in particular of a Radial Turbine (RTM) which transfers mechanical work to or from a Process Fluid (PFL), comprising: an Opening (OP) extending along the axis (X) for guiding a Shaft (SH) extending along the axis (X) in an axial direction therethrough; an abutment surface (CSF) extending in a Circumferential Direction (CDR) with respect to the axis (X) for abutment on a casing (CCT) of a turbine casing (TMC). In order to design a turbine housing with at least one cover, a turbine and to produce the cover in a space-and cost-optimized manner, and in order to produce the cover at low cost, a flow line (PFC) is provided as a supply (INL) or discharge (EXL) for a Process Fluid (PFL), which is designed as an integral component of the Cover (COV).)

1. A turbine housing (TMC), in particular of a Radial Turbine (RTM), which transfers mechanical work to or from a Process Fluid (PFL), comprising:

-one outer shell (CCT) having a substantially cylindrical shape, wherein the cylindrical shape extends along one axis (X),

-a first cover (COV1) arranged to be detachably fixed in an axially closed manner on a first end face (FF1) of the turbine housing (CCT),

-a flow supply (INL) allowing a Process Fluid (PFL) to flow into the turbine housing (TMC),

-a drainage portion (EXL) allowing the Process Fluid (PFL) to flow out of the turbine housing (TMC),

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the first cover (COV1) comprises:

-an Opening (OP) extending along said axis (X) for axially guiding a Shaft (SH) extending along the axis (X) therethrough,

-an abutment surface (CSF) extending in a Circumferential Direction (CDR) with respect to said axis (X) for abutment on said casing (CCT) of said turbine casing (TMC),

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

a flow line (PFC) is provided as a feed (INL) or discharge (EXL) for the Process Fluid (PFL), which is designed as an integral part of the Cover (COV).

2. Turbine housing (TMC) according to claim 1, wherein supply lines (SPL) for a shaft seal, in particular a gas seal (SHS), and/or a bearing and/or an oil heater (OLH), and/or Sensors (SNR), in particular Pressure Sensors (PSN), are integrated in the Cover (COV).

3. Turbine housing (TMC) according to at least one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the integrated flow line (PFC) has a plurality of Channels (CHV) which divide a total flow (TMF) of the Process Fluid (PFL) into a plurality of partial flows (PMF).

4. Turbine housing (TMC) according to claim 3, wherein the Channels (CHV) are shaped such that the Process Fluid (PFL) flowing out of the Channels (CHV) is subjected to a specific swirl.

5. Turbine housing (TMC) according to at least one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a bearing seat Bottom (BSP) is constructed as an integral part of the Cover (COV) for supporting a Radial Bearing (RBE) for the Shaft (SH) extending along the axis (X).

6. Turbine housing (TMC) according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the Cover (COV) or parts of a casting mould of the Cover (COV) are manufactured by means of an additive manufacturing process.

7. Method for manufacturing a Cover (COV) of a turbine housing (TMC) according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the Cover (COV) or parts of a casting mould of the Cover (COV) are manufactured by means of an additive manufacturing process.

8. A Turbine (TRM), in particular a Radial Turbine (RTM), comprising a Rotor (ROT) and a turbine housing (TMC),

wherein the turbine housing (TMC) is constructed according to any of claims 1 to 7.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a turbine housing, in particular of a radial turbine, which transfers mechanical work to or from a process fluid, comprising:

-a housing having a substantially cylindrical shape, wherein the cylindrical shape extends along an axis;

a first cover arranged to be detachably secured in an axially closed manner on a first end face of the turbine housing;

-a flow supply enabling a process fluid to flow into the turbine housing;

a drain, such that the process fluid can flow out of the turbine housing.

Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing such a cover for a turbine housing and to a turbine having such a turbine housing.

Background

In most turbines, a process is experienced in which a fluid is applied to the blades or vanes in the axial direction of the shaft by means of a process fluid. In general, the fluid always flows in the radial direction into the turbine housing with a cover of the type defined previously. For this purpose, the turbine housing usually has a flow opening oriented radially with respect to the axis of rotation. In a further possible variant, which is not the subject of the invention, it is proposed that the radial compressor wheel is mounted in suspension at the shaft end, for example for the purpose of axial flow supply, as is known, for example, from compressors for geared compressors. For these high-cost geometries, the radial inflow openings in the housing are associated at the same time with relatively high costs and the requirement for radial space is significantly increased. In addition, the flow to the blades or vanes must be deflected from the radial direction to the axial direction, which results in losses on the one hand and takes up axial and radial installation space on the other hand.

Documents WO 2016/041841a1, US 3131877a, US 2760719a, US979634A, GB 780463A, US 2775945A, US 2017/082070a1, in part disclose the construction of a lid having a flow line for different purposes.

Disclosure of Invention

The object of the present invention is to avoid such drawbacks. In order to achieve the object according to the invention, a cover, a turbine housing, a method for producing a cover and a turbine of the type defined previously are proposed, which have the additional features according to the invention, which are defined in the claims, respectively. The connecting element according to the invention is a cap according to the invention, wherein the dependent claims relate to advantageous refinements of the invention.

Expressions such as axial, radial, tangential or circumferential always refer to the central axis of the opening of the cover or, in the case of an already assembled turbine, to the axis of a shaft extending through the opening of the cover.

In the context of the present invention, the main proportion of the process fluid is understood to be a proportion of at least 51%, preferably at least 80%, particularly preferably 100%. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the flow line for at least a major proportion of the process fluid, which is provided as a feed or discharge for the process fluid, is provided as: the flow line of the supply or discharge of the process fluid is designed as an integral part of the cover, so that the supply through the cover directs a major proportion of the process fluid from the outside into the interior of the turbine housing, or so that the discharge through the cover directs a major proportion of the process fluid from the interior of the turbine housing to the outside.

Since the cover according to the invention has an integrated flow line configured as a supply or drain, the respective turbine housing with such a cover can be configured otherwise without a conventional supply or drain. The novel functional modularity according to the invention has the particular advantage that not only can the corresponding flow lines on the housing shell be dispensed with when flow lines are provided in the cover according to the invention, but also that the process fluid is better directed in the direction of the flow supply to the blades or impellers before entering the turbine, since the process fluid is conveyed in the region of the cover. In other words, according to the invention, the feeding of the process fluid to the turbomachine having a cover according to the invention is more axially offset compared to a conventional radial feed through a radial inflow opening of the casing.

An advantageous development of the invention provides that the cover has a supply line as a component integrated in the cover for the gas-tight seal and/or the oil heater and/or the sensor (in particular the pressure sensor). This arrangement is particularly advantageous, since the cover can particularly preferably be a carrier of the shaft seal and/or a carrier of the radial bearing and/or a mounting point for a pressure sensor and/or a temperature sensor.

Another advantageous development provides that the integrated flow line has a channel which divides the total flow of the process fluid into partial flows. Particularly advantageously, the channel structures divided in this way make it possible to prepare the process fluid in terms of flow technology as a function of the supply flow to the subsequent aerodynamic component. The aerodynamic component is typically a rotating component, such as a radial compressor wheel or axial blades. In this case, the individual channels may be separated from one another in the circumferential direction only by guide vanes, or be configured as channels having solid channel walls separated from one another in the circumferential direction in a narrower sense. In this way, a specific swirl flow can be imparted to the process fluid flowing out of the channel, thereby ensuring that the rotor is fed in an optimal manner.

A further advantageous development of the invention provides that the bearing seat base is designed as an integral component of the cover for supporting the radial bearing for a shaft extending along the axis.

In a turbine having a housing with a cover according to the invention arranged at the end face, the cover must fulfill several functions. Typically, these functions required include: the supply and discharge takes place for different drive fluids and, in addition, leads through for current supply lines and signal lines. Furthermore, the cap itself can also be used as a carrier for a plurality of assemblies supplied by means of these lines. For example, the cover may be a carrier for shaft seals and bearings, in particular for radial bearings. If the supply lines for these assemblies are arranged accordingly such that they pass at least partially through the volume of the cover, holes are usually provided in the cover for the respective line runs. This is very costly, mainly because the respective bore can only have a straight extension axis, and at each turn of the line extension a separate bore has to be made, which often has to be closed, because only an axial partial region of the bore is required for the line extension.

Conventional manufacture of the cap according to the invention by cutting is difficult or costly. The invention recognizes that as a preferred production possibility, the lid or the part of the mould of the lid can be advantageously manufactured by means of an additive manufacturing method. The invention makes good use of the freedom to create free three-dimensional shapes in terms of volume and geometry by means of additive manufacturing methods with a unique degree of freedom, since the fluid-technical optimization of the flow lines for feeding process fluid into the turbine or discharging it therefrom through the cover can be carried out in this way without compromise. Furthermore, the respective supply lines for the shaft seal, the radial bearing, the oil heater and the various sensors, which are integral components of the cover, can be arranged in an optimum manner in the remaining volume free space. The supply lines for supplying the shaft seal or the gas seal, the supply lines for the oil heater can be arranged as lines (like hoses) within the volume of the cover, so that there is little restriction on the flow lines optimized for the process fluid. According to the invention, the supply line for the process fluid is a flow line which is an integral part of the cover and which can be geometrically designed by means of modern flow optimizers in such a way that the process fluid is first introduced into a slip ring space provided in the cover and the slip ring space then divides the total flow of the process fluid into connected channels in such a way that it is divided into different partial flows for feeding the flow-guiding rotor of the turbine. It is particularly advantageous if the collector annulus has a cross section which is not constant along the circumference. Advantageously, the slip ring space is configured at the widest of the flow supply area of the process fluid.

In the case of a process fluid feed to the rotor, the flow line integrated in the cover can guide the process fluid in the axial direction immediately in front of the first impeller of, for example, a radial compressor, so that on the one hand a fluid-optimized supply flow is achieved and on the other hand a considerable saving in axial installation space is achieved.

Drawings

The invention is described in more detail below with the aid of a specific embodiment and with reference to the drawings. Wherein:

figure 1 shows a schematic view in longitudinal section through a lid according to the invention along one axis;

fig. 2 shows a schematic view through an axial longitudinal section through a turbine according to the invention with a turbine housing according to the invention.

Detailed Description

Fig. 1 shows schematically a longitudinal section through a turbine housing TMC of a cover COV according to the invention, the combination of which cover with a turbine TRM is shown in fig. 2. The turbine TRM shown in fig. 2 is implemented as a radial turbine RTM, wherein the invention can in principle also be used in an axial turbine. Like reference symbols in the drawings each indicate a functionally identical subject matter.

The turbine TRM shown in fig. 2 is a radial compressor, which transfers mechanical work to the process fluid PFL. In particular, the process fluid PFL is accelerated through the flow by means of the impellers IMP of the rotor ROT and is decelerated in the diffuser downstream of the respective impellers IMP with the formation of a pressure increase. Thus, after flowing into the turbine TRM through the supply portion INL, the process fluid PFL undergoes a pressure increase until flowing out of the turbine TRM through the exhaust portion EXL. In principle, the invention can also be used for the reverse process, i.e. for depressurizing a process fluid while obtaining mechanical work.

The cover COV shown in fig. 1 has an opening OP extending along the axis X. As is also shown in fig. 2, for guiding the shaft SH extending along this axis X in the axial direction therethrough. For abutment on the housing CCT of the turbine housing TMC, the cover has an abutment surface SF extending in a circumferential direction CTR relative to the axis X. The abutment surface serves on the one hand as a mechanical barrier against a pressure difference between the internal pressure and the ambient pressure during operation of the turbine and on the other hand as a seal preventing the process fluid PFL from flowing out of the turbine TRM into the environment. For sealing purposes, a sealing element (not shown here) may also be provided.

The cover COV has a flow line PFC provided as a supply INL or a drain EXL for the process fluid PFL, which is an integral part of the cover COV. In fig. 2, on the left side a first cover COV1 is provided, which shows that the respective cover COV has a flow line PFC provided as a flow feed INL, and on the right side a second cover COV2 is also provided, which shows that the flow line PFC integrated in the cover COV is configured as a drain EXL for the process fluid PFL. A first cover COV1 is located on a first end face FF1 of turbine housing TMC and a second cover COV2 is located on a second end face FF 2.

Fig. 1 shows a first cover COV1 with a flow line PFC for the process fluid PFL, configured as a flow feed INL, which is arranged in fig. 2 on a first end face FF 1. The lid COV or first lid COV1 shown in fig. 1, as well as the second lid COV2, are all manufactured by means of additive manufacturing. This manufacturing process enables the three-dimensional geometry of the different functional elements of the cover COV to be designed in a particularly free manner. The first cover COV1 is a carrier for additional functional elements, such as an oil heater OLH, a radial bearing RBE and a shaft seal SHS configured as a gas seal. A supply line SPL is provided for the shaft seal SHS, the radial bearing RBE and the sensor SNR, i.e. the temperature sensor TSN and the pressure sensor PSN for measuring the pressure and temperature of the process fluid PFL in the flow supply portion INL. The oil heater OLH prepares the bearing oil for supply to the radial bearing RBE, wherein the supply line SPL for the oil heater OLH is an integral part of the cover COV. These supply lines SPL for the oil heater OLH can on the one hand supply electric heat and on the other hand supply heated fluid to the oil heater OLH or lead it away from the oil heater OLH.

The flow line PFC, which can be configured as a feed line INL or as a discharge line EXL, comprises a collecting space COL (collecting ring space) which extends substantially annularly over a circumferential CDR about the axis X and from which the individual channels CHV extend and which guide the process fluid PFL in a fluidically optimally oriented manner to the blades or vanes IMP of the downstream rotor ROT. The cross section of the collecting space COL is not constant along the circumference.