阅读说明：本技术 一种电动汽车增程器 (Range extender for electric automobile ) 是由 刘毅辉 潘卓飞 王超 朱天赐 于 2020-12-01 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种电动汽车增程器,包括燃气管路、燃料管路、发动机、燃料电池堆以及发电机；燃气管路包括进气涡轮、进气分配阀、尾气分流阀、排气管路以及换热器；进气涡轮与进气分配阀连通,进气分配阀的一路出口与燃料电池堆连通,燃料电池堆与排气管路连通,进气分配阀的另一路出口与发动机连通,发动机与尾气分流阀连通,尾气分流阀的一路出口与排气管路连通,尾气分流阀的另一路出口通过换热器与排气管路连通；换热器设置于燃料电池堆处,并用于对燃料电池堆进行加热。本发明采用发动机和燃料电池联合为车载电池进行供电,同时利用发动机的尾气余热对燃料电池进行加热,提高整体热效率。(The invention relates to a range extender of an electric automobile, which comprises a gas pipeline, a fuel pipeline, an engine, a fuel cell stack and a generator, wherein the gas pipeline is connected with the fuel pipeline; the gas pipeline comprises an air inlet turbine, an air inlet distribution valve, a tail gas flow divider valve, an exhaust pipeline and a heat exchanger; the inlet turbine is communicated with the inlet distribution valve, one path of outlet of the inlet distribution valve is communicated with the fuel cell stack, the fuel cell stack is communicated with the exhaust pipeline, the other path of outlet of the inlet distribution valve is communicated with the engine, the engine is communicated with the tail gas shunt valve, one path of outlet of the tail gas shunt valve is communicated with the exhaust pipeline, and the other path of outlet of the tail gas shunt valve is communicated with the exhaust pipeline through the heat exchanger; the heat exchanger is disposed at the fuel cell stack and used to heat the fuel cell stack. The invention adopts the combination of the engine and the fuel cell to supply power for the vehicle-mounted battery, and simultaneously utilizes the tail gas waste heat of the engine to heat the fuel cell, thereby improving the overall heat efficiency.)

1. The range extender of the electric automobile is characterized by comprising a gas pipeline, a fuel pipeline, an engine, a fuel cell stack and a generator; the gas pipeline comprises an air inlet turbine, an air inlet distribution valve, a tail gas flow dividing valve, an exhaust pipeline and a heat exchanger;

the inlet turbine is communicated with an inlet of the inlet distribution valve, one path of outlet of the inlet distribution valve is communicated with a cathode runner inlet of the fuel cell stack, a cathode runner outlet of the fuel cell stack is communicated with the exhaust pipeline, the other path of outlet of the inlet distribution valve is communicated with an inlet manifold of the engine, the exhaust manifold of the engine is communicated with an inlet of the tail gas flow divider valve, one path of outlet of the tail gas flow divider valve is communicated with the exhaust pipeline, and the other path of outlet of the tail gas flow divider valve is communicated with the exhaust pipeline through the heat exchanger; the heat exchanger is arranged at the fuel cell stack and used for heating the fuel cell stack; the fuel cell stack is electrically connected with a vehicle-mounted battery, the engine is electrically connected with the vehicle-mounted battery through the generator, and the vehicle-mounted battery is electrically connected with the driving motor.

2. The electric vehicle range extender of claim 1, further comprising a temperature sensor and a controller; the temperature sensor is arranged at the fuel cell stack and is used for acquiring temperature data of the fuel cell stack;

the controller is electrically connected with the fuel cell stack and used for acquiring electric quantity data of the fuel cell stack and judging whether a preset charging condition is met or not according to the electric quantity data;

the controller is respectively electrically connected with the air inlet distribution valve, the air inlet turbine and the engine and is used for controlling the air inlet turbine to start when the charging condition is met, controlling the air inlet distribution valve to be communicated with an outlet connected with the engine, controlling the engine branch of the fuel pipeline to be communicated, controlling the engine to be ignited and started, setting the engine to be in a high-load state and realizing the charging of the vehicle-mounted battery by the engine;

the controller is electrically connected with the temperature sensor and used for acquiring the temperature data and judging whether the temperature data is higher than the working temperature of the fuel cell stack;

the controller is electrically connected with the tail gas shunt valve and is used for controlling the tail gas shunt valve to be communicated with an outlet communicated with the heat exchanger when the temperature data is not higher than the working temperature so as to heat the fuel cell stack;

the controller is also used for controlling the inlet distribution valve to be communicated with an outlet communicated with the fuel cell stack and controlling a fuel cell stack branch of the fuel pipeline to be communicated when the temperature data is higher than the working temperature, so that the fuel cell stack charges a vehicle-mounted battery; and simultaneously, controlling the motor to be in a low-load state.

3. The electric vehicle range extender of claim 2, wherein the fuel line comprises a fuel storage tank, a fuel distribution valve, a carburetor, a reformer, a water tank, and a water pump;

the fuel storage tank is communicated with an inlet of the fuel distribution valve, one path of outlet of the fuel distribution valve is communicated with an oil supply pipeline of the engine, the other path of outlet of the fuel distribution valve is communicated with the reformer through the vaporizer, the reformer is communicated with an anode flow channel inlet of the fuel cell stack, an anode flow channel outlet of the fuel cell stack is communicated with an exhaust gas backflow air passage inlet of the engine, and the water tank is communicated with the vaporizer through the water pump.

4. The electric vehicle range extender of claim 3, wherein the fuel line further comprises an exhaust gas condenser;

and the outlet of the anode runner of the fuel cell stack is communicated with the inlet of an exhaust gas reflux air passage of the engine through the tail gas condenser.

5. The range extender of claim 3, wherein the controller is further electrically connected to the fuel distribution valve and configured to control the fuel distribution valve to be communicated with an outlet of the engine when the charging condition is satisfied, so as to achieve the communication of the engine branch of the fuel pipeline; and the fuel distribution valve is also used for controlling the connection of the fuel distribution valve and an outlet communicated with the fuel cell stack when the temperature data is higher than the working temperature, so that the connection of a fuel cell stack branch of a fuel pipeline is realized.

6. The electric vehicle range extender of claim 2, further comprising a cooling circuit comprising a circulating cooling pipe, a radiator and a thermostat valve;

the circulating cooling pipeline is arranged around the fuel cell stack, one end of the circulating cooling pipeline is communicated with a cooling port of the engine, and the other end of the circulating cooling pipeline is communicated with the radiator through the temperature-saving valve.

7. The range extender of claim 6, wherein the controller is further electrically connected to the thermostat valve and configured to determine whether a fluctuation value of the temperature data exceeds a toggle threshold when the charging condition is satisfied, and if so, control the opening of the outlet of the exhaust gas diversion valve in communication with the fuel cell stack to decrease and control the opening of the thermostat valve to increase, otherwise, control the opening of the outlet of the exhaust gas diversion valve in communication with the fuel cell stack to increase and control the opening of the thermostat valve to decrease.

8. The range extender of claim 1, wherein the heat exchanger is tubular, an exhaust channel is disposed in the heat exchanger, the exhaust channel has saw-toothed protrusions, the fuel cell stack includes a plurality of fuel cells, a portion of the fuel cells are disposed on one side of the heat exchanger, another portion of the fuel cells are disposed on the other side of the heat exchanger, each fuel cell is packaged on the heat exchanger through a support body, and an anode flow channel and a cathode flow channel are formed between the support body and an outer wall of the heat exchanger.

9. The range extender of claim 1, wherein the fuel cell stack comprises a plurality of fuel cells, and the plurality of fuel cells are connected in series and in parallel to form the fuel cell stack.

10. The electric vehicle range extender of claim 1, wherein the engine is an ethanol fuel engine and the fuel cell stack is a solid oxide fuel cell stack.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of range extenders, in particular to a range extender of an electric vehicle.

Background

The current pure electric vehicle has the problems of short endurance mileage, long charging time, unstable service life and the like. The hybrid electric vehicle still has a larger development space, the tandem hybrid electric vehicle is composed of an engine, a generator and a motor, the engine, the generator and the motor are connected in series to form a whole vehicle power system, the whole vehicle is simple in structure, fuel of the hybrid electric vehicle can be converted into direct output driving force through multiple energy conversions, the heat efficiency of the whole vehicle is relatively lower than that of other hybrid electric vehicles and electric vehicles, the hybrid electric vehicle has the advantages that the engine is fixed under a better working condition, a vehicle-mounted battery is used for providing driving energy, the vehicle can better cope with complex working conditions such as low speed, climbing and frequent starting, and the hybrid electric vehicle is generally applied to large-scale trucks, urban buses and the like.

The automobile range extender refers to an automobile part which can provide extra electric energy for a vehicle-mounted battery and enable an electric automobile to increase the driving mileage, and conventionally refers to a combination of an engine and a generator. The problems of low thermal efficiency and poor range extending effect generally exist in the conventional automobile range extender.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, it is necessary to provide a range extender for an electric vehicle, so as to solve the problem of low thermal efficiency of the range extender.

The invention provides a range extender of an electric automobile, which comprises a gas pipeline, a fuel pipeline, an engine and a fuel cell stack, wherein the gas pipeline is connected with the fuel pipeline; the gas pipeline comprises an air inlet turbine, an air inlet distribution valve, a tail gas flow dividing valve, an exhaust pipeline and a heat exchanger;

the inlet turbine is communicated with an inlet of the inlet distribution valve, one path of outlet of the inlet distribution valve is communicated with a cathode runner inlet of the fuel cell stack, a cathode runner outlet of the fuel cell stack is communicated with the exhaust pipeline, the other path of outlet of the inlet distribution valve is communicated with an inlet manifold of the engine, the exhaust manifold of the engine is communicated with an inlet of the tail gas flow divider valve, one path of outlet of the tail gas flow divider valve is communicated with the exhaust pipeline, and the other path of outlet of the tail gas flow divider valve is communicated with the exhaust pipeline through the heat exchanger; the heat exchanger is arranged at the fuel cell stack and used for heating the fuel cell stack; the fuel cell stack is electrically connected with a vehicle-mounted battery, the engine is electrically connected with the vehicle-mounted battery through the generator, and the vehicle-mounted battery is electrically connected with the driving motor.

Further, the device also comprises a temperature sensor and a controller; the temperature sensor is arranged at the fuel cell stack and is used for acquiring temperature data of the fuel cell stack;

the controller is electrically connected with the fuel cell stack and used for acquiring electric quantity data of the fuel cell stack and judging whether a preset charging condition is met or not according to the electric quantity data;

the controller is respectively electrically connected with the air inlet distribution valve, the air inlet turbine and the engine and is used for controlling the air inlet turbine to start when the charging condition is met, controlling the air inlet distribution valve to be communicated with an outlet connected with the engine, controlling the engine branch of the fuel pipeline to be communicated, controlling the engine to be ignited and started, setting the engine to be in a high-load state and realizing the charging of the vehicle-mounted battery by the engine;

the controller is electrically connected with the temperature sensor and used for acquiring the temperature data and judging whether the temperature data is higher than the working temperature of the fuel cell stack;

the controller is electrically connected with the tail gas shunt valve and is used for controlling the tail gas shunt valve to be communicated with an outlet communicated with the heat exchanger when the temperature data is not higher than the working temperature so as to heat the fuel cell stack;

the controller is also used for controlling the inlet distribution valve to be communicated with an outlet communicated with the fuel cell stack and controlling a fuel cell stack branch of the fuel pipeline to be communicated when the temperature data is higher than the working temperature, so that the fuel cell stack charges a vehicle-mounted battery; and simultaneously, controlling the motor to be in a low-load state.

Further, the fuel line includes a fuel storage tank, a fuel distribution valve, a vaporizer, a reformer, a water tank, and a water pump;

the fuel storage tank is communicated with an inlet of the fuel distribution valve, one path of outlet of the fuel distribution valve is communicated with an oil supply pipeline of the engine, the other path of outlet of the fuel distribution valve is communicated with the reformer through the vaporizer, the reformer is communicated with an anode flow channel inlet of the fuel cell stack, an anode flow channel outlet of the fuel cell stack is communicated with an exhaust gas backflow air passage inlet of the engine, and the water tank is communicated with the vaporizer through the water pump.

Further, the fuel pipeline also comprises a tail gas condenser;

and the outlet of the anode runner of the fuel cell stack is communicated with the inlet of an exhaust gas reflux air passage of the engine through the tail gas condenser.

Further, the controller is electrically connected with the fuel distribution valve and is used for controlling the fuel distribution valve to be communicated with an outlet of the engine when the charging condition is met, so that the engine branch of the fuel pipeline is communicated; and the fuel distribution valve is also used for controlling the connection of the fuel distribution valve and an outlet communicated with the fuel cell stack when the temperature data is higher than the working temperature, so that the connection of a fuel cell stack branch of a fuel pipeline is realized.

Further, the cooling device also comprises a cooling pipeline, wherein the cooling pipeline comprises a circulating cooling pipeline, a radiator and a temperature-saving valve;

the circulating cooling pipeline is arranged around the fuel cell stack, one end of the circulating cooling pipeline is communicated with a cooling port of the engine, and the other end of the circulating cooling pipeline is communicated with the radiator through the temperature-saving valve.

Further, the controller is electrically connected with the thermostat valve and used for judging whether the fluctuation value of the temperature data exceeds a toggle threshold value when the charging condition is met, if so, the opening degree of an outlet communicated with the fuel cell stack of the tail gas flow dividing valve is controlled to be reduced, the opening degree of the thermostat valve is controlled to be increased, otherwise, the opening degree of the outlet communicated with the fuel cell stack of the tail gas flow dividing valve is controlled to be increased, and the opening degree of the thermostat valve is controlled to be reduced.

Furthermore, the heat exchanger is tubular, a tail gas channel is arranged in the heat exchanger, the tail gas channel is provided with sawtooth-shaped bulges, the fuel cell stack comprises a plurality of fuel cells, one part of the fuel cells are arranged on one side of the heat exchanger, the other part of the fuel cells are arranged on the other side of the heat exchanger, each fuel cell is packaged on the heat exchanger through a supporting body, and an anode flow channel and a cathode flow channel are formed between the supporting body and the outer wall of the heat exchanger.

Further, the fuel cell stack comprises a plurality of fuel cells, and the plurality of fuel cells are connected in series and in parallel to form the fuel cell stack.

Further, the engine is an ethanol fuel engine, and the fuel cell stack is a solid oxide fuel cell stack.

Has the advantages that: the invention adopts the combination of two power generation systems of an engine and a fuel cell stack as a range extender of the electric automobile and supplies power for a vehicle-mounted battery. The fuel cell stack is combined with an air inlet and exhaust system, a fuel supply system and a cooling system of an engine to serve as a set of power range extender to supply power to the vehicle-mounted battery, the disadvantage of poor starting and stopping performance of the fuel cell is made up by using the quick starting capability of the engine, and the advantages of good starting and stopping performance of the engine and high thermal efficiency of the solid oxide fuel cell are integrated. The heat exchanger is arranged, the tail gas of the engine is recycled through the heat exchanger to preheat, the fuel cell stack is heated, the two fuel cells are convenient to supply power to the vehicle-mounted battery under the high-efficiency and stable working state, and the cruising ability and the heat efficiency of the electric automobile are effectively improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an overall pipeline connection of a first embodiment of a range extender of an electric vehicle according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a gas pipeline connection of a first embodiment of a range extender of an electric vehicle according to the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of a first embodiment of the range extender of the electric vehicle according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a fuel line connection of a first embodiment of a range extender of an electric vehicle according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a cooling pipe connection of a first embodiment of a range extender of an electric vehicle according to the present invention;

fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a radiator and a fuel cell stack of a first embodiment of the range extender of the electric vehicle, provided by the invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the heat sink and the flow of air within the fuel cell stack of FIG. 6;

reference numerals:

11. an air intake turbine; 12. an intake air distribution valve; 13. a tail gas flow divider valve; 14. an exhaust line; 15. a heat exchanger; 151. a tail gas channel; 21. a fuel storage tank; 22. a fuel distribution valve; 23. a vaporizer; 24. a reformer; 25. a water tank; 26. a water pump; 27. a tail gas condenser; 3. an engine; 4. a fuel cell stack; 41. a fuel cell; 42. a support body; 43. a cathode flow channel; 44. an anode flow channel; 5. a generator; 61. a circulating cooling pipeline; 62. a heat sink; 63. a temperature-saving valve; 7. a temperature sensor; 8. a controller; 10. a vehicle-mounted battery; 20. the motor is driven.

Detailed Description

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the scope of the invention.

Example 1

As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a range extender for an electric vehicle, which is hereinafter referred to as the range extender, and includes a gas pipeline, a fuel pipeline, an engine 3, and a fuel cell stack 4; the gas pipeline comprises an air inlet turbine 11, an air inlet distribution valve 12, a tail gas flow dividing valve 13, an exhaust pipeline 14 and a heat exchanger 15;

the intake turbine 11 is communicated with an inlet of the intake distribution valve 12, one outlet of the intake distribution valve 12 is communicated with an inlet of a cathode flow channel 43 of the fuel cell stack 4, an outlet of the cathode flow channel 43 of the fuel cell stack 4 is communicated with the exhaust pipe 14, the other outlet of the intake distribution valve 12 is communicated with an intake manifold of the engine 3, the exhaust manifold of the engine 3 is communicated with an inlet of the exhaust gas diversion valve 13, one outlet of the exhaust gas diversion valve 13 is communicated with the exhaust pipe 14, and the other outlet of the exhaust gas diversion valve 13 is communicated with the exhaust pipe 14 through the heat exchanger 15; the heat exchanger 15 is disposed at the fuel cell stack 4 and is used for heating the fuel cell stack 4; the fuel cell stack 4 is electrically connected to a vehicle-mounted battery 10, the engine 3 is electrically connected to the vehicle-mounted battery 10 via the generator 5, and the vehicle-mounted battery 10 is electrically connected to a drive motor 20.

The range extender adopts the fuel cell stack 4 and the engine 3 to jointly supply power for the vehicle-mounted battery 10, specifically, an air inlet turbine 11 is connected with an air inlet pipeline, an air inlet distribution valve 12 divides airflow into two paths, one path is connected with an air inlet manifold of the engine 3 and enters a cylinder, an exhaust manifold is connected with an exhaust gas shunt valve 13, the exhaust gas shunt valve 13 is respectively connected with an exhaust pipeline 14 of the engine 3 and an inlet of an exhaust gas heat exchanger 15 in the fuel cell stack 4, and a gas outlet of the heat exchanger 15 is connected with an exhaust pipeline 14 of the engine 3; the other path is connected with the inlet of a cathode flow channel 43 of the fuel cell stack 4, and the outlet of the cathode flow channel 43 is connected with the engine exhaust pipeline 14. The engine 3 is connected to the generator 5, the generator 5 is connected to the vehicle-mounted battery 10, the fuel cell stack 4 is connected to the vehicle-mounted battery 10, the vehicle-mounted battery 10 supplies power to the driving motor 20, and the driving motor 20 provides direct driving force for vehicle movement.

In the embodiment, the fuel cell stack 4 is combined with an air inlet and exhaust system, a fuel supply system and a cooling system of the engine 3 to serve as a set of power range extender to supply power to the vehicle-mounted battery 10, the disadvantage of poor start-stop performance of the fuel cell is made up by using the quick start capability of the engine 3, the advantages of good start-stop performance of the engine 3 and high thermal efficiency of the solid oxide fuel cell are integrated, and the endurance mileage and the thermal efficiency of the whole vehicle are improved; meanwhile, the system structure is simplified, and the simultaneous regulation and control are convenient, so that the vehicle-mounted battery 10 is powered under the high-efficiency and stable working state, and the cruising ability of the electric automobile and the heat efficiency of the whole automobile are effectively improved. A heat exchanger 15 is arranged, and the fuel cell stack 4 is heated to the working temperature by recovering the exhaust waste heat of the engine 3 through the heat exchanger 15;

preferably, as shown in fig. 3, the device further comprises a temperature sensor 7 and a controller 8; the temperature sensor 7 is installed at the fuel cell stack 4 and is used for acquiring temperature data of the fuel cell stack 4;

the controller 8 is electrically connected with the fuel cell stack 4, and is configured to acquire electric quantity data of the fuel cell stack 4 and determine whether a preset charging condition is met according to the electric quantity data;

the controller 8 is respectively electrically connected with the air inlet distribution valve 12, the air inlet turbine 11 and the engine 3, and is used for controlling the air inlet turbine 11 to be started when the charging condition is met, controlling the air inlet distribution valve 12 to be communicated with an outlet connected with the engine 3, controlling a branch of the engine 3 of the fuel pipeline to be communicated, controlling the engine 3 to be ignited and started, setting the engine 3 to be in a high-load state, and realizing the charging of the vehicle-mounted battery 10 by the engine 3;

the controller 8 is electrically connected with the temperature sensor 7 and is used for acquiring the temperature data and judging whether the temperature data is higher than the working temperature of the fuel cell stack;

the controller 8 is electrically connected with the tail gas shunt valve 13 and is used for controlling the tail gas shunt valve 13 to be communicated with an outlet communicated with the heat exchanger 15 when the temperature data is not greater than the working temperature, so as to heat the fuel cell stack 4;

the controller 8 is further configured to control the inlet distribution valve 12 to be communicated with an outlet of the fuel cell stack 4 when the temperature data is greater than the working temperature, and control a branch of the fuel cell stack 4 of the fuel pipeline to be communicated, so as to charge the vehicle-mounted battery 10 by the fuel cell stack 4; and simultaneously, controlling the motor to be in a low-load state.

After the vehicle is started, when the power shortage of the vehicle-mounted battery 10 reaches a charging threshold, namely a charging condition is met, the range extender enters a starting mode. The controller 8 controls the air inlet turbine 11 to start working, controls the air inlet distribution valve 12 to only open a valve port of a branch of the engine 3, controls a branch of the engine 3 of the fuel pipeline to be communicated, ignites and starts the engine 3, controls the engine 3 to run in a high-load state, drives the generator 5 to supply power to the vehicle-mounted battery 10, outputs high-temperature and high-pressure tail gas to the tail gas heat exchanger 15, and heats the fuel cell stack 4 and the reformer 2412; and controlling the tail gas flow divider 13 to only open the valve gate of the fuel cell branch, namely, enabling all tail gas to flow through the heat exchanger 15, and enabling the tail gas after heat exchange to flow back to the vehicle exhaust pipeline 14 again and then enter the atmosphere.

When the temperature sensor 7 captures that the reformer 24 and the fuel cell stack 4 reach the working temperature, the signal is transmitted to the controller 8, the controller 8 controls the vaporizer 23 to start heating, when the temperature sensor 7 captures that the vaporizer 23 reaches the working temperature, the controller 8 controls the air inlet distribution valve 12 to open the valve gate of the fuel cell branch, controls the fuel cell branch of the fuel pipeline to open, the water pump 26 starts working, the fuel steam rich in the water required for reforming enters the reformer 24 to carry out reforming reaction, and a hydrogen-rich mixed gas is generated and then is transmitted to the fuel cell stack 4 to carry out chemical reaction to supply power to the vehicle-mounted battery 10.

The temperature sensor 7 senses that the temperature of the vaporizer 23, the reformer 24, and the fuel cell stack 4 has risen to a normal operating temperature, and transmits a signal to the controller 8, and the controller 8 reduces the load on the engine 3 and fixes the engine 3 in an optimum operating state (low load state). It should be understood that the high load state and the low load state referred to in the present invention are relative concepts.

When the vehicle-mounted battery 10 is fully charged, the driver selects to enter a heat preservation mode or a shutdown mode according to the following driving mileage of the vehicle:

when the vehicle needs to travel for a long distance (the travel distance is greater than the set distance), the vehicle enters a heat preservation mode, in which the heat preservation is performed on the reformer 24 and the fuel cell stack 4, the controller 8 closes the fuel cell branch valve gate of the air intake distribution valve 12 and the fuel cell branch valve gate of the fuel distribution valve 22, the water pump 26, the vaporizer 23 and the thermostat valve 63 are all controlled to be closed, and after the gas in the anode flow passage 44 of the fuel cell stack 4 is exhausted, the engine 3 is controlled to enter a low-load working state. The temperature sensor 7 monitors the temperature of the reformer 24 and the fuel cell stack 4, and the controller 8 keeps the temperature of the fuel cell stack 4 by controlling the opening degree of the valve gate of the fuel cell branch line of the tail gas flow divider 13.

When the vehicle is going to run for a short distance (the running mileage is not greater than the set mileage), the vehicle enters a shutdown mode, the range extender is rapidly shut down in the mode, the controller 8 firstly controls and closes the fuel cell branch valve port of the air inlet distribution valve 12 and the fuel cell branch valve port of the fuel distribution valve 22, controls the water pump 26 and the vaporizer 23 to be closed, controls and completely opens the branch valve ports of the exhaust pipeline 14 of the temperature-saving valve 63 and the exhaust gas diversion valve 13, rapidly cools the reformer 24 and the fuel cell stack 4, completely consumes the anode exhaust gas of the fuel cell stack 4, and controls the shutdown time of the engine 3 to be slightly later than the time of the temperature-reducing shutdown operation of the fuel cell system, and finally controls the engine 3 to be shut down.

The range extender ensures that two sets of power generation systems of the engine 3 and the fuel cell stack 4 are always in a high-efficiency and stable working state to charge the vehicle-mounted battery 10 through real-time regulation and control of temperature, fully utilizes the waste heat of the tail gas of the engine 3 and the anode tail gas of the fuel cell, breaks away from the dependence on the traditional fossil fuel, can better adapt to renewable clean energy, and effectively improves the cruising ability of an electric automobile and the fuel heat efficiency of the whole automobile.

Preferably, as shown in fig. 1 and 4, the fuel line includes a fuel storage tank 21, a fuel distribution valve 22, a vaporizer 23, a reformer 24, a water tank 25, and a water pump 26;

the fuel storage tank 21 is communicated with an inlet of the fuel distribution valve 22, one outlet of the fuel distribution valve 22 is communicated with an oil supply pipeline of the engine 3, the other outlet of the fuel distribution valve 22 is communicated with the reformer 24 through the vaporizer 23, the reformer 24 is communicated with an inlet of an anode flow passage 44 of the fuel cell stack 4, an outlet of the anode flow passage 44 of the fuel cell stack 4 is communicated with an inlet of an exhaust gas return air passage of the engine 3, and the water tank 25 is communicated with the vaporizer 23 through the water pump 26.

The fuel storage tank 21 is connected with a fuel distribution valve 22, the outlet of the fuel distribution valve 22 is divided into two paths, one path is connected to an oil supply system of the engine 3, the other path is connected to a vaporizer 23, meanwhile, a fuel cell water tank 25 is connected with the vaporizer 23 through a water pump 26, the outlet of the vaporizer 23 is connected with the inlet of a reformer 24, the outlet of the reformer 24 is connected to the inlet of an anode flow passage 44 of the fuel cell stack 4, and the outlet of the anode flow passage 44 of the fuel cell stack 4 is connected to the inlet of. When the fuel cell stack 4 is in operation and supplies power to the on-board battery 10, the cathode exhaust of the fuel cell stack 4 is discharged to the vehicle exhaust line 14, and the anode exhaust enters the exhaust gas recirculation line of the engine 3 and enters the cylinder for re-combustion.

Preferably, as shown in fig. 1 and 4, the fuel pipeline further comprises a tail gas condenser 27;

the outlet of the anode flow channel 44 of the fuel cell stack 4 is communicated with the inlet of the exhaust gas return air passage of the engine 3 through the exhaust gas condenser 27.

The anode tail gas of the fuel cell stack 4 passes through the tail gas condenser 27, most of water vapor components generated after electrode reaction in the tail gas are condensed and removed, the temperature of the tail gas is reduced, the proportion of the treated anode tail gas to the original gas components in the cylinder of the engine 3 is similar, and the proportion of combustible gas components in the backflow tail gas is improved, so that the working state of the engine 3 is still kept normal and stable after the tail gas flows back. In the embodiment, the treated high-quality anode tail gas is reintroduced into the cylinder of the engine 3 for combustion in a waste gas backflow mode, and the engine has good adaptability to various ignition types of alcohol fuel engines 3 or hydrogen engines 3.

Preferably, as shown in fig. 3, the controller 8 is further electrically connected to the fuel distribution valve 22, and is configured to control the fuel distribution valve 22 to be communicated with the outlet of the engine 3 when the charging condition is satisfied, so as to implement the branch communication of the engine 3 of the fuel pipeline; and the controller is also used for controlling the fuel distribution valve 22 to be communicated with the outlet of the fuel cell stack 4 when the temperature data is greater than the working temperature, so as to realize the communication of the branch of the fuel cell stack 4 of the fuel pipeline.

Preferably, as shown in fig. 1 and 5, the cooling system further comprises a cooling pipeline, wherein the cooling pipeline comprises a circulating cooling pipeline 61, a radiator 62 and a temperature-saving valve 63;

the circulating cooling pipeline 61 is arranged around the fuel cell stack 4, one end of the circulating cooling pipeline 61 is communicated with a cooling port of the engine 3, and the other end of the circulating cooling pipeline 61 is communicated with the radiator 62 through the thermostat valve 63.

Specifically, since both the reformer 24 and the fuel cell stack 4 need to be temperature-controlled, the circulation cooling pipe 61 is provided around the reformer 24 and the fuel cell stack 4 in this embodiment so as to surround them. The circulating cooling pipeline 61 is communicated with a cooling pipeline of the engine 3, is communicated with a whole vehicle radiator 62 through a temperature-saving valve 63, and is connected into a cooling water circulating system of the engine 3 to perform cooling control on the fuel cell stack 4.

Preferably, as shown in fig. 3, the controller 8 is further electrically connected to the thermostat valve 63, and is configured to determine whether a fluctuation value of the temperature data exceeds a toggle threshold when the charging condition is satisfied, if so, control the opening degree of the outlet of the exhaust gas diversion valve 13, which is communicated with the fuel cell stack 4, to decrease, and control the opening degree of the thermostat valve 63 to increase, otherwise, control the opening degree of the outlet of the exhaust gas diversion valve 13, which is communicated with the fuel cell stack 4, to increase, and control the opening degree of the thermostat valve 63 to decrease.

When the temperature of the fuel cell stack 4 is lower than the working temperature, the controller 8 controls the temperature-saving valve 63 to close, when the temperature of the fuel cell stack 4 is higher than the working temperature, the controller 8 controls the temperature-saving valve 63 to open, and the opening of the temperature-saving valve 63 is controlled and adjusted by the controller 8 according to the temperature and the temperature change rate.

Specifically, when the on-vehicle battery 10 is not fully charged, i.e., the charging condition is satisfied, and the vehicle is in a stable long-term operating state, the range extender enters the steady-state mode. Preferably, temperature sensors 7 are installed at the vaporizer 23, the reformer 24, and the fuel cell stack 4, and the temperature sensors 7 monitor the temperatures of the vaporizer 23, the reformer 24, and the fuel cell stack 4 in real time. When the temperature fluctuation values of the reformer 24 and the fuel cell stack 4 exceed the set fluctuation threshold value, the controller 8 controls the tail gas flow divider 13 to reduce the opening of the valve gate of the fuel cell branch line, controls the opening of the thermostat 63 to increase, and controls a large amount of cooling liquid in the cooling pipeline to flow through the radiator 62, so as to improve the heat dissipation capacity, thereby reducing the temperatures of the reformer 24 and the fuel cell stack 4. When the temperature fluctuation values of the reformer 24 and the fuel cell stack 4 are lower than the set fluctuation threshold value, the controller 8 controls the exhaust gas diversion valve 13 to increase the opening degree of the valve gate of the fuel cell branch circuit, controls the opening degree of the temperature-saving valve 63 to decrease, and reduces the flow rate of the cooling liquid flowing through the radiator 62 in the cooling pipeline, thereby increasing the temperature of the reformer 24 and the fuel cell stack 4. Due to the temperature control is suitable. The engine 3, the reformer 24, and the fuel cell stack 4 are all in a highly efficient and stable operating state to supply power to the vehicle-mounted battery 10.

Specifically, in this embodiment, the intake distribution valve 12, the exhaust gas diverter valve 13, the fuel distribution valve 22, and the thermostat valve 63 are all electronic signal control valves, and the valve opening can be controlled according to the signal of the controller 8, so as to realize accurate distribution of the fluid flow in the three-way pipe. The controller 8 controls the valve openings of the air inlet distribution valve 12 and the fuel distribution valve 22 respectively to complete the distribution of the air inlet amount and the fuel amount of the engine 3 and the fuel cell stack 4; the temperature of the fuel cell stack 4 and the reformer 24 is kept near the optimal working temperature by controlling the valve opening of each branch valve of the tail gas flow divider 13 and the valve opening of the thermostat valve 63 in the cooling pipeline, so that the engine 3, the fuel cell stack 4 and the reformer 24 can work efficiently and stably all the time, the cruising ability of the electric automobile is effectively improved, and the fuel oil utilization rate of the whole automobile is improved.

Preferably, as shown in fig. 6 and 7, the heat exchanger 15 is tubular, a tail gas channel 151 is arranged in the heat exchanger 15, the tail gas channel 151 has a sawtooth-shaped protrusion, the fuel cell stack 4 includes a plurality of fuel cells 41, a portion of the fuel cells 41 is arranged on one side of the heat exchanger 15, another portion of the fuel cells 41 is arranged on the other side of the heat exchanger 15, each fuel cell 41 is packaged on the heat exchanger 15 through a support body 42, and an anode flow channel 44 and a cathode flow channel 43 are formed between the support body 42 and an outer wall of the heat exchanger 15.

In the embodiment, the tail gas heat exchanger 15 adopts a flat cuboid tubular structure and is provided with a sawtooth-shaped inner wall surface, so that tail gas waste heat energy is fully exchanged, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved; the fuel cell stack 4 adopts a flat plate type cuboid structure, the fuel cell 41 is positioned at two sides of the tail gas heat exchanger 15, the electrolyte and the support body 42 of the fuel cell stack 4 separate a cathode flow passage 43 and an anode flow passage 44, and the working electrode of the fuel cell 41 is directly contacted with the gas in the cathode flow passage 43 and the gas in the anode flow passage 44; the heat exchanger 15 and the fuel cell stack 4 are integrally rectangular, and the circulating cooling pipeline 61 surrounds the periphery of the shell of the fuel cell stack 4, so that the cooling of the fuel cell is facilitated, and the integral structure is simplified.

Preferably, the fuel cell stack 4 includes a plurality of fuel cells 41, and the plurality of fuel cells 41 are connected in series and in parallel to form the fuel cell stack 4.

The fuel cell 41 single bodies (the working voltage is 0.6-0.9V and is arranged at equal intervals, the fuel cell and the support body 42 jointly separate a cathode gas flow channel and an anode gas flow channel, and the fuel cell and the anode gas flow channel form an integral electric pile in a series connection and parallel connection mode, so that the fuel cell can be adapted to vehicles with different power requirements.

Preferably, the engine 3 is an ethanol fuel engine 3, and the fuel cell stack 4 is a solid oxide fuel cell stack 4.

The fuel used by the engine 3 is renewable ethanol which is convenient and safe to store, thereby reducing the emission of pollutants, getting rid of the dependence on fossil fuel and reducing the emission of pollutants. The range extender uses an ethanol engine 3 with a solid oxide fuel cell as the main power supply, wherein the fuel of the solid oxide fuel cell preferably uses the same hydrocarbon fuel (methanol, ethanol, etc.) as the engine 3.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.