阅读说明：本技术 高效传输信息消息的发射装置和接收装置 (Transmitting device and receiving device for efficient transmission of information messages ) 是由 阿尔伯托·杰赛普·佩罗蒂 布兰尼斯拉夫·波波维奇 于 2018-08-08 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及用于信息消息的高效传输的发射器设备和接收器设备。发射器设备(100)基于信息消息(m)对选择的投影矩阵(F)的列的子集进行叠加,以获得用于传输的信号(z)。信号(z)被发射到接收器设备(300)。接收器设备(300)基于投影矩阵(F)对接收的信号(r)执行迭代连续干扰消除,以获得投影矩阵(F)的列的子集,并因此基于投影矩阵(F)的列的子集获得恢复的信息消息从而,提供了在频谱效率方面实现了良好性能的具有准正交投影矩阵的稀疏叠加编码方案。此外,本发明也涉及相应的方法和计算机程序。(The present invention relates to a transmitter device and a receiver device for efficient transmission of information messages. The transmitter device (100) superimposes the selected subset of columns of the projection matrix (F) based on the information message (m) to obtain a signal (z) for transmission. The signal (z) is transmitted to a receiver device (300). The receiver device (300) performs iterative successive interference cancellation on the received signal (r) based on the projection matrix (F) to obtain a subset of columns of the projection matrix (F), and thus based on the columns of the projection matrix (F)Subset-derived recovered information message Thus, a sparse superposition coding scheme with quasi orthogonal projection matrices is provided that achieves good performance in terms of spectral efficiency. Furthermore, the invention also relates to a corresponding method and computer program.)

1. Transmitter device (100) for a communication system (500), the transmitter device (100) being for

Obtaining an information message (m) for transmission;

selecting a subset of columns of a projection matrix (F) based on the information message (m), wherein the projection matrix (F) is a plurality of sub-matrices (F ═ F [)₁ F₂...F_C]) Wherein each sub-matrix (F)_C) Having M rows and wherein two columns in the same sub-matrix are orthogonal and whereinHomosubmatrix ([ F)₁ F₂...F_C]) Has two columns equal to or less thanThe correlation of (c);

-superimposing selected subsets of columns of the projection matrix (F) to obtain a signal (z) for transmission comprising M transmission symbols.

2. Transmitter device (100) according to claim 1, for

-sending the signal (z) for transmission to a receiver device (300).

3. Transmitter device (100) according to claim 1 or 2, for

Selecting a sparse vector (X) from a set of sparse vectors (X) based on the information message (m); and

multiplying the selected sparse vector (x) with the projection matrix (F).

4. The transmitter device (100) of claim 3, for

Interleaving the selected sparse vector (x) before multiplying the selected sparse vector (x) with the projection matrix (F).

5. The transmitter device (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein each sub-matrix ([ F [ ])₁F₂...F_C]) Each column of (a) is a Kerdock bent sequence of length M.

6. The transmitter device (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein each sub-matrix ([ F [ ])₁F₂...F_C]) Each column of (a) is a length M Zadoff-Chu sequence.

7. The emitter device (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the projection matrices (F)Sub-matrix (F)_a) Is another sub-matrix (F) of the projection matrix (F)_b) A phase rotated version of (a).

8. The transmitter device (100) of any of claims 1 to 7, for

From each sub-matrix ([ F ]₁ F₂...F_C]) One column is selected.

9. The transmitter device (100) of any of claims 1 to 7, for

From each sub-matrix ([ F ]₁ F₂...F_C]) Two or more columns are selected.

10. Emitter device (100) according to any of the previous claims, for

Puncturing symbols of the signal (z) for transmission when the number of time-frequency resources available for transmission is smaller than the number M of transmission symbols of the signal (z) for transmission.

11. Emitter device (100) according to any of the previous claims, for

Repeating the symbols of the signal (z) for transmission when the number of time-frequency resources available for transmission is greater than the number M of transmission symbols of the signal (z) for transmission.

12. A receiver device (300) for a communication system (500), the receiver device (300) being for

Receiving a signal (r ═ z + n) from a transmitter device (100), wherein the received signal (r) comprises M symbols associated with an information message (M);

obtaining a projection matrix (F), wherein the projection matrix (F) is a plurality of sub-matrices (F ═ F₁ F₂...F_C]) Wherein each sub-matrix (F)_C) Having M rows, and wherein two columns in the same sub-matrix are orthogonal, and wherein two columns belonging to different sub-matrices haveHas a value equal to or less thanThe correlation of (c);

performing iterative successive interference cancellation on the received signal (r) based on the projection matrix (F) to obtain a subset of columns of the projection matrix (F); and

obtaining a recovered information message based on a subset of columns of the projection matrix (F)

13. The receiver device (300) of claim 12, configured to

Determining a set of sub-matrices (S) comprising all sub-matrices in the projection matrix (F);

determining an interference cancellation signal (r)_c) Equal to said received signal (r);

f) cancelling the interference signal (r)_c) Projecting onto each column of the sub-matrices in the set (S) of sub-matrices to obtain a set of projections,

g) selecting the column of the projection matrix (F) having the largest projection in the set of projections,

h) adding the selected columns to a subset of columns of the projection matrix (F),

i) cancelling the signal (r) from the interference_c) To obtain an updated interference cancellation signal (r)_c)，

j) -deleting the sub-matrices comprising the selected column from the set (S) of sub-matrices;

repeating a) to e) until the set of sub-matrices (S) is empty, and outputting a subset of columns of the projection matrix (F) in c).

14. A method (200) for a transmitter device (100), the method (200) comprising

Obtaining (202) an information message (m) for transmission;

selecting (204) a subset of columns of a projection matrix (F) based on the information message (m), wherein the projection matrix (F) is a plurality of sub-matrices (F ═ F-₁ F₂...F_C]) Wherein each sub-matrix (F)_c) Having M rows, and wherein two columns in the same sub-matrix are orthogonal, and wherein belong to different sub-matrices ([ F ]₁ F₂...F_C]) Has two columns equal to or less thanThe correlation of (c);

-superimposing (206) the selected subset of columns of the projection matrix (F) to obtain a signal (z) for transmission comprising M transmission symbols.

15. A method (400) for a receiver device (300), the method (400) comprising

Receiving (402) a signal (r ═ z + n) from a transmitter device (100), wherein the received signal (r) comprises M symbols associated with an information message (M);

obtaining (404) a projection matrix (F), wherein the projection matrix (F) is a plurality of sub-matrices (F ═ F)₁ F₂...F_C]) Wherein each sub-matrix (F)_c) Having M rows and wherein two columns in the same sub-matrix are orthogonal and wherein two columns belonging to different sub-matrices have a value equal to or less thanThe correlation of (c);

performing (406) iterative successive interference cancellation on the received signal (r) based on the projection matrix (F) to obtain a subset of columns of the projection matrix (F); and

(408) obtaining a recovered information message based on a subset of columns of the projection matrix (F)

16. A computer program having a program code for performing the method according to claim 14 or 15 when the computer program is executed on a computer.

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a transmitter apparatus and a receiver apparatus for efficiently transmitting information messages in a communication system. The invention also relates to a corresponding method and a computer program.

Background

The 3GPP finalizes a first release of standardization for the 5 th generation Radio access network, also known as New Radio (NR). In the first phase, NR has been focused on enhancing RAN capabilities for enhanced Mobile BroadBand (eMBB) service types. At a second ongoing stage, 3GPP is resolving new Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Communication (URLLC) service types. The main eMBB goal is to achieve high throughput under relaxed delay/reliability constraints. URLLC targets critical applications that require a higher level of communication reliability and/or shorter delays. Based on the characteristics of a particular URLLC application (e.g., haptic internet, industrial automation/remote control, autopilot, etc.), it is expected that URLLC data traffic will consist of shorter messages.

In the 3GPP NR standardization, conventional Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) and polar coding and modulation techniques that have been adopted for NR eMBB data and control channels are being considered for transmission of URLLC messages. The 3GPP NR uses LDPC codes for the eMBB data channel and polar codes for the control channel. Since URLLC imposes a stricter block error rate (BLER) target, the deployment of LDPC/polar codes for URLLC data transmission must use a reduced code rate/modulation order to obtain increased reliability compared to eMBB. Furthermore, since typical URLLC traffic consists of shorter messages than eMBB, the rate must be further reduced to compensate for the reduction in coding gain. As a result, LDPC/polar coded URLLC transmissions result in less spectral efficiency compared to eMBB.

However, since these techniques have not been designed for URLLC/short message transmission, the required reliability of URLLC can be achieved by reducing the code rate and modulation order for any given signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR). The direct consequence is that URLLC spectral efficiency is less than eMBB. Therefore, there is a need to develop a more efficient transmission scheme that may provide better performance than LDPC/polar codes and conventional modulation when used for reliable transmission of short messages.

Disclosure of Invention

It is an object of embodiments of the present invention to provide a solution that alleviates or solves the drawbacks and problems of the conventional solutions.

It is a further object of embodiments of the present invention to provide a solution that provides higher spectral efficiency for the transmission of information messages than conventional solutions.

The above and further objects are solved by the subject matter of the independent claims. Further advantageous embodiments of the invention can be found in the independent claims.

The above-mentioned objects, among others, are according to a first aspect of the present invention attained by a transmitter device for a communication system, for

Obtaining an information message for transmission;

selecting a subset of columns of a projection matrix based on the information message, wherein the projection matrix is a concatenation of a plurality of sub-matrices, wherein each sub-matrix has M rows, and wherein two columns in the same sub-matrix are orthogonal, and wherein two columns belonging to different sub-matrices have a value equal to or less thanThe correlation of (c);

superimposing selected subsets of columns of the projection matrix to obtain a signal for transmission comprising M transmission symbols.

In the present disclosure a cascade of submatrices may be understood to refer to a column-wise cascade. In column-wise concatenation, a new matrix is created using the columns of all the sub-matrices, where the first (leftmost) group of consecutive columns of the new matrix are the columns of the first sub-matrix taken in the same order as they appear in the first sub-matrix, the second group of consecutive columns in the new matrix are the columns of the second sub-matrix taken in the same order as they appear in the second sub-matrix, and so on until all the sub-matrices have been concatenated. The concatenation may be column-wise, also known as "horizontal concatenation", or row-wise, also known as "vertical concatenation".

Two columns belonging to different sub-matrices having a value equal to or less thanMay be understood herein as the inner product of the two columns divided by the magnitude of the two columns being equal to or less than

Superposition in this disclosure means summing the superimposed columns.

An advantage of the transmitter device according to the first aspect is that it provides a sparse superposition coding scheme with quasi orthogonal projection matrices, thereby achieving good performance in terms of spectral efficiency.

In an implementation form of the transmitter device according to the first aspect, the transmitter device is further adapted to

A signal for transmission is sent to a receiver device.

In an implementation form of the transmitter device according to the first aspect, the transmitter device is further adapted to

Selecting a sparse vector from a set of sparse vectors based on the information message; and

multiplying the selected sparse vector with the projection matrix.

An advantage with this implementation is that the superposition can be performed by conventional matrix-vector multiplication, where the matrix is a projection matrix and the vectors are sparse vectors.

In an implementation form of the transmitter device according to the first aspect, the transmitter device is further adapted to

Interleaving the selected sparse vector prior to multiplying the selected sparse vector with the projection matrix.

An advantage with this implementation is that it allows the columns of the projection matrix to be rearranged for storage or online generation in any convenient order, whether or not orthogonal columns are stored in adjacent locations.

In an implementation form of the transmitter device according to the first aspect, each column of each sub-matrix is a Kerdock bent sequence of length M.

An advantage with this implementation is that the columns of the projection matrix have a value equal to or less thanThe correlation of (c).

In an implementation form of the transmitter device according to the first aspect, each column of each sub-matrix is a Zadoff-Chu sequence of length M.

An advantage with this implementation is that the columns of the projection matrix have a value equal to or less thanThe correlation of (c).

In an implementation form of the transmitter device according to the first aspect, at least one sub-matrix of the projection matrix is a phase-rotated version of another sub-matrix of the projection matrix.

An advantage with this implementation form is that more sub-matrices can be obtained by phase rotation of the same sub-matrix, allowing the generation of larger projection matrices that may provide higher spectral efficiency.

In an implementation form of the transmitter device according to the first aspect, the transmitter device is further adapted to

A column is selected from each sub-matrix.

An advantage with this implementation is that it simplifies the detection of each column in the received signal.

In an implementation form of the transmitter device according to the first aspect, the transmitter device is further adapted to

Two or more columns are selected from each sub-matrix.

An advantage with this implementation is that it sends a large number of superimposed columns, resulting in a potentially higher spectral efficiency.

In an implementation form of the transmitter device according to the first aspect, the transmitter device is further adapted to

Puncturing symbols of a signal for transmission when a number of time-frequency resources available for transmission is less than a number M of transmission symbols of the signal for transmission.

An advantage with this implementation form is that the transmitted signal can easily be adapted to less than M of the time-frequency resources available for transmission.

In an implementation form of the transmitter device according to the first aspect, the transmitter device is further adapted to

Repeating the symbols of the signal for transmission when the number of time-frequency resources available for transmission is greater than the number M of transmission symbols of the signal for transmission.

An advantage with this implementation form is that the transmitted signal can easily be adapted to time-frequency resources available for transmission larger than M.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, the above mentioned and other objects are achieved with a receiver apparatus for a communication system, for

Receiving a signal from a transmitter device, wherein the received signal includes M symbols associated with an information message;

obtaining a projection matrix, wherein the projection matrix is a concatenation of a plurality of sub-matrices, each of whichThe sub-matrices have M rows and wherein two columns in the same sub-matrix are orthogonal and wherein two columns belonging to different sub-matrices have a value equal to or less thanThe correlation of (c);

performing iterative successive interference cancellation on the received signal based on the projection matrix to obtain a subset of columns of the projection matrix; and is

A recovered information message is obtained based on a subset of columns of the projection matrix.

When the set of columns of the projection matrix has been obtained, the information messages can be obtained by inverse mapping, since they are in a one-to-one relationship.

An advantage of the receiver device according to the first aspect is that a sparse superposition coding scheme using quasi orthogonal projection matrices is used for the transmission of the information message, thereby achieving good performance in terms of spectral efficiency.

In an implementation form of the receiver device according to the second aspect, the receiver device is further configured to

Determining a submatrix set comprising all submatrices in the projection matrix;

determining that an interference canceled signal is equal to the received signal;

a) projecting the interference cancellation signal onto each column of the sub-matrices in the set of sub-matrices to obtain a set of projections,

b) selecting a column of the projection matrix having a largest projection in the set of projections,

c) adding the selected columns to a subset of columns of the projection matrix,

d) canceling the selected column from the interference cancellation signal to obtain an updated interference cancellation signal,

e) deleting the subset comprising the selected column from the set of sub-matrices;

repeating a) to e) until the set of sub-matrices is empty, and outputting a subset of columns of the projection matrix in c).

According to a third aspect of the invention, the above mentioned and other objects are achieved with a method for a transmitter device, the method comprising

Obtaining an information message for transmission;

selecting a subset of columns of a projection matrix based on the information message, wherein the projection matrix is a concatenation of a plurality of sub-matrices, wherein each sub-matrix has M rows, and wherein two columns in the same sub-matrix are orthogonal, and wherein two columns belonging to different sub-matrices have a value equal to or less thanThe correlation of (c);

the selected subsets of columns of the projection matrix are superimposed to obtain a signal for transmission comprising M transmission symbols.

The method according to the third aspect may be extended to implementations corresponding to the implementations of the transmitter device according to the first aspect. An implementation form of the method therefore comprises one or both of the features of the corresponding implementation form of the transmitter device.

The advantages of the method according to the third aspect are the same as the advantages of the corresponding implementation form for the transmitter device according to the first aspect.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the above and other objects are achieved with a method for a receiver device, the method comprising

Receiving a signal from a transmitter device, wherein the received signal includes M symbols associated with an information message;

obtaining a projection matrix, wherein the projection matrix is a concatenation of a plurality of sub-matrices, wherein each sub-matrix has M rows, and wherein two columns in the same sub-matrix are orthogonal, and wherein two columns belonging to different sub-matrices have a value equal to or smaller thanThe correlation of (c);

performing iterative successive interference cancellation on the received signal based on the projection matrix to obtain a subset of columns of the projection matrix; and is

A recovered information message is obtained based on a subset of columns of the projection matrix.

The method according to the fourth aspect may be extended to implementations corresponding to the implementations of the receiver device according to the second aspect. An implementation form of the method thus comprises one or more features of a corresponding implementation form of a receiver device.

The advantages of the method according to the fourth aspect are the same as the advantages of the corresponding implementation form for the receiver device according to the second aspect.

The invention also relates to a computer program, characterized in that it relates to a program code, which, when executed by at least one processor, causes the at least one processor to carry out any of the methods according to embodiments of the invention. Furthermore, the invention relates to a computer program product comprising a computer readable medium and the mentioned computer program, wherein the computer program is contained in the computer readable medium and comprises one or more from the group of: Read-Only Memory (ROM), Programmable ROM (PROM), Erasable PROM (EPROM)) flash Memory, Electrically Erasable EPROM (EEPROM), and hard disk drives.

Further applications and advantages of embodiments of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description.

Drawings

The attached drawings are intended to illustrate and explain various embodiments of the present invention, in which:

FIG. 1 shows a transmitter arrangement according to an embodiment of the invention;

fig. 2 shows a method for a transmitter device according to an embodiment of the invention;

fig. 3 shows a receiving apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention;

fig. 4 illustrates a method for a receiving apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 illustrates a communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 6 shows a transmitter device interacting with a receiver device in a communication system according to an embodiment of the invention;

figure 7 shows a graphical representation of permutations of columns of a plurality of phase rotated SSC projection matrices containing the same sub-matrix;

fig. 8 shows a flow chart of a decoding algorithm in a receiver apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention; and

fig. 9-11 show performance results for embodiments of the present invention.

Detailed Description

Sparse Superposition Coding (SSC) and Sparse Vector Coding (SVC) are a series of transmission schemes that can provide higher efficiency for any information message length. The core of any SSC/SVC transmission scheme is a codebook, i.e., a set of codewords having the same length M. The SSC/SVC transmitter selects a smaller subset of codewords from the codebook, wherein the selection is based on the information message. The transmitter then generates a transmitted signal by superimposing the selected codewords.

To conveniently represent the SSC/SVC coding process, the codebook is arranged in an SSC projection matrix F, where each column of the projection matrix F is a codeword. In an SSC/SVC encoder, a K-bit information message m is first mapped to a set of sparse vectors X to obtain a sparse vector X, which is then used to select a subset of the columns of the SSC projection matrix and superimpose them in the following transmit signal z:

z＝Fx (1)

wherein the size of F is M multiplied by N, wherein M < N. In other words, equation (1) formulates the product of the selected sparse vector (x) and the projection matrix (F).

SSC and SVC differ in the sparse vector set X. The SSC has a sparse vector set obtained by Pulse-Position Modulation (PPM), i.e., the message m is divided into L segments each having a size of b bits. Each segment is mapped to L subvectors x of the same length B₁,…,x_LOf whereinThe l-th subvector has h-1 non-zero elements. The position of the non-zero element is obtained based on the bits in the ith message segment. For SVC, the l-th sub-vector has h > 1 non-zero elements whose positions are obtained based on the message bits in the l-th message segment. ComprisesA sparse vector x of non-zero elements with length N ═ LB through L subvectors x₁,…,x_LIs obtained by cascading. L is the density level of the corresponding SSC/SVC scheme. In other words, the method selects a sparse vector X from a sparse vector set X based on the information message m.

For simplicity of description, it is assumed that the columns of the projection matrix F have a constant amplitude, i.e. for any i equal to 1, …, N,however, the use of projection matrices with non-constant column amplitudes is not excluded.

Embodiments of the present invention disclose an apparatus and corresponding method for reliable and efficient transmission of information messages in a communication system. The transmitted signal is obtained by superimposing selected columns from the quasi-orthogonal SSC projection matrix F, where the columns are selected based on the information message. In an embodiment, the QO-SSC projection matrix is designed according to a construction based on a sequence obtained from a Kerdock code or based on a set of Zadoff-Chu sequences. The QO-SSC matrix design simplifies encoding/decoding compared to conventional solutions and, at the same time, provides higher spectral efficiency.

Thus, fig. 1 shows a transmitter device 100 according to an embodiment of the invention. In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the transmitter apparatus 100 includes a processor 102, a transmitter 104, and a memory 106. The processor 102 is coupled to the transmitter 104 and the memory 106 by a communication device 108 as is known in the art. Transmitter device 100 may be configured for both wireless and wired communications in wireless and wired communication systems, respectively. Wireless communication capability is provided by an antenna or antenna array 110 coupled to the transmitter 104, while wired communication capability is provided by a wired communication interface 112 coupled to the transmitter 104. The use of the transmitter apparatus 100 for performing certain actions may be understood in this disclosure to mean that the transmitter apparatus 100 includes suitable means for performing the actions, such as, for example, the processor 102 and the transmitter 104.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the transmitter device 100 is configured to obtain the information message m for transmission. The transmitter device 100 is further configured to select a subset of columns of a projection matrix F based on the information message m, wherein the projection matrix F is a concatenation of a plurality of sub-matrices F ═ F₁F₂…F_C]Wherein each sub-matrix F_cHaving M rows and in which two columns in the same sub-matrix are orthogonal, and in which [ F ] belongs to different sub-matrices₁F₂…F_C]Has two columns equal to or less thanThe correlation of (c). The transmitter apparatus 100 is further configured to superimpose a selected subset of the columns of the projection matrix F to obtain a signal z for transmission comprising M transmission symbols.

Fig. 2 shows a flow chart of a corresponding method 200 that may be performed in a transmitter apparatus 100, such as the transmitter apparatus 100 shown in fig. 1. The method 200 includes obtaining 202 an information message m for transmission. The method 200 further includes selecting 204 a subset of columns of a projection matrix F based on the information message m, wherein the projection matrix F is a concatenation of a plurality of sub-matrices F ═ F₁F₂…F_C]Wherein each sub-matrix F_cHaving M rows and in which two columns in the same sub-matrix are orthogonal, and in which [ F ] belongs to different sub-matrices₁F₂…F_C]Has two columns equal to or less thanThe correlation of (c). The method 200 further comprises superimposing 206 a selected subset of columns of the projection matrix F to obtain a signal z for transmission comprising M transmission symbols.

Fig. 3 shows a receiver apparatus 300 according to an embodiment of the invention. In the embodiment shown in fig. 3, receiver apparatus 300 includes a processor 302, a receiver 304, and a memory 306. The processor 302 is coupled to the receiver 304 and the memory 306 by a communication device 308 as is known in the art. The receiver apparatus 300 further comprises an antenna or antenna array 310 coupled to the receiver 304, which means that the receiver apparatus 300 is configured for wireless communication in a wireless communication system. The use of receiver apparatus 300 for performing certain actions may be understood in this disclosure to mean that receiver 300 includes appropriate means, such as, for example, processor 302 and receiver 304, for performing the actions.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the receiver device 300 is configured to receive a signal r from the transmitter device 100, wherein the received signal r comprises M symbols associated with the information message M. The received signal thus comprises the signal z transmitted from the transmitter device 100 plus noise and/or interference noted n. The receiver apparatus 300 is further configured to obtain a projection matrix F, wherein the projection matrix F is a concatenation of a plurality of sub-matrices, i.e., F ═ F₁F₂…F_C]Wherein each sub-matrix F_cHaving M rows and wherein two columns in the same sub-matrix are orthogonal and wherein two columns belonging to different sub-matrices have a value equal to or less thanThe correlation of (c). The receiver apparatus 300 is further configured to perform iterative successive interference cancellation on the received signal r based on the projection matrix F to obtain a (selected) subset of columns of the projection matrix F. The receiver apparatus 300 is further arranged for obtaining the recovered information message based on a (selected) subset of columns of the projection matrix F

Fig. 4 shows a flow chart of a corresponding method 400 that may be performed in a receiver apparatus 300, such as the receiver apparatus shown in fig. 3. The method 400 comprises receiving 402 a signal r ═ z + n from the transmitter device 100, wherein the received signal r comprises M symbols associated with the information message M. The method 400 further includes obtaining 404 a projection matrix F, wherein the projection matrix F is a concatenation of a plurality of sub-matrices F ═ F₁F₂…F_C]Wherein each sub-matrix F_cHaving M rows and wherein two columns in the same sub-matrix are orthogonal and wherein two columns belonging to different sub-matrices have a value equal to or less thanThe correlation of (c). The method 400 further comprises performing 406 an iterative successive interference cancellation on the received signal r based on the projection matrix F to obtain a (selected) subset of columns of the projection matrix F. The method 400 further comprises obtaining 408 a recovered information message based on a (selected) subset of columns of the projection matrix F

Fig. 5 illustrates a communication system 500 according to an embodiment of the present invention. In communication system 500, network access node 800 interacts with client device 900. As shown in fig. 5, the network access node 800 may comprise a transmitter apparatus 100 and a receiver apparatus 300 according to an embodiment of the invention. Also, the client device 300 may also include the transmitter device 100 and the receiver device 300 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Transmitter device 100 and/or receiver device 300 may be part of another communication device, such as network access node 800 and client device 900 described previously. However, the transmitter device 100 and/or the receiver device 300 may also be a stand-alone device cooperating with another communication device.

It should also be noted from fig. 5 that communication system 500 in fig. 5 is shown as a wireless communication system, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto. The communication system 500 may be a wireless communication system, a wired communication system, or a combined wired and wireless communication system. The communication system 500 may be, for example, a Long Term Evolution (LTE), an evolved LTE, and a 3GPP NR system also denoted as 5G.

Fig. 6 shows a block diagram of a transmitter apparatus 100 and a block diagram of a receiver apparatus 300 in a communication system 500 according to an embodiment of the invention.

At the transmitter apparatus 100, the information message m for transmission is forwarded to the mapping block 152. At mapping block 152, the information message m is mapped to a sparse vectorSet X, yielding a sparse vector X that is output to interleaver block 154. The sparse vector x is interleaved in an interleaver block 154 and then forwarded to an overlap-add block 156. Without limiting the scope of the invention, the interleaver block 154 in FIG. 6 is optional for the remainder of the invention and is considered herein as transparent, i.e., transparentThus, the interleaver block 154 is used to interleave the selected sparse vector x prior to multiplying it with the projection matrix F. It should also be noted that the mapping in mapping block 152 may be performed according to any method known in the art. At overlap-and-add block 156, the interleaved sparse vector x is multiplied by the QO-SSC projection matrix according to a conventional mathematical matrix-vector product operation, wherein the ith column of the projection matrix is multiplied by the ith element of the sparse vector to obtain the ith multiplied column, and then all multiplied columns are added to obtain the overlap-and-add signal for transmission z. Finally, the transmitter device 100 transmits the signal z for transmission to the receiver device 300 in the communication system 500. In any SSC/SVC scheme, the complex symbols generated by the encoder can be mapped to time-frequency-space resource elements in the same manner as the symbols of the conventional modulation. Thus, in SSC/SVC, modulation is considered joint and is included in the coding.

At the receiver device 300, the signal transmitted from the transmitter device 100 is received. The signal r is received in a receive block 352 and then forwarded to an Iterative Successive Interference Cancellation (ISIC) block 355. The ISIC block 355 has obtained a projection matrix F. In one example, the projection matrix F has been obtained through control signaling. For example, where the receiver device 300 is part of a client device 900, the projection matrix F may be dynamically signaled in a downlink control channel, such as a physical downlink/uplink control channel (PDCCH/PUCCH). In another non-limiting example, the projection matrix F may be obtained from a library of predefined projection matrices known to both the transmitter device 100 and the receiver device 300 in the communication system 500. The matrix index used by the transmitter device 100 is dynamically signaled to the receiver device 300 in a downlink control channel, such as a physical downlink/uplink control channel (PDCCH/PUCCH). In yet another non-limiting example, the projection matrix F may be semi-statically configured in the transmitter apparatus 100 and the receiver apparatus through higher layer signaling, such as Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling.

The ISIC block 355 performs iterative successive interference cancellation on the received signal r based on the obtained projection matrix F, thereby obtaining a subset of columns of the projection matrix F. The iteration continues until the set of sub-matrices S is empty. Thus, in an embodiment of the invention, the receiver apparatus 300 is configured to initialize the algorithm by determining a set S of sub-matrices comprising all sub-matrices in the projection matrix F. To start the decoding algorithm, the interference cancellation signal r is determined at initialization_cEqual to the received signal r. The iteration then continues by performing the following steps:

a) eliminating interference signal r_cTo each column of a sub-matrix in the set S of sub-matrices to obtain a set of projections,

b) the column of the projection matrix F having the largest projection is selected in the projection set,

c) the selected column is added to a subset of the columns of the projection matrix F,

d) removing signal r from interference_cIn which the selected column is cancelled or subtracted to obtain an updated interference cancellation signal r_c，

e) The submatrices comprising the selected column are deleted from the set S of submatrices. These steps a) to e) are repeated in the algorithm until the set S of sub-matrices is empty and a subset of the columns of the projection matrix F in c) is output.

In general, the design of the projection matrix F is crucial to provide good SSC transmission efficiency. The QO projection matrix design disclosed herein may be based on the following process:

taking a set of sequences orthogonal to each other and placing them in the leftmost column of the projection matrix F;

new sets of sequences are iteratively added to the rightmost column of the projection matrix F, where the sequences in each new set are orthogonal. In addition, the sequences in each new set are quasi-orthogonal to the sequences already in the projection matrix F.

To reflect the above design process, the SSC projection matrix F is conveniently represented as a column-wise/horizontal concatenation of C sub-matrices:

F＝[F₁F₂…F_C] (2)

wherein each sub-matrix F_cC-1, …, C corresponds to a set of orthogonal sequences, meaning that the correlation between any two different sequences is zero. The size of each sub-matrix is M x D and the columns in each sub-matrix are orthogonal, i.e., for any i, j e {1, …, D }, i ≠ j,two columns f belonging to different sub-matrices_p,f_qAre quasi-orthogonal, i.e. their correlation is defined as:

it is much smaller than 1.

In the context of compressed sensing, matrices with similar properties are used for other purposes. A key characteristic of any good compressed sensing matrix M is its coherence ρ, which is generally defined as the maximum inner product magnitude between any two of its columns:

wherein m is_i,m_jTwo columns of M. In processing coherent SSC signal reception, a slight focus will be on the definition of different coherency, i.e. at the receiver apparatus 300:

whereinRepresenting the real part of the complex number.

Good SSC projection matrices, including the qossc matrix, have low coherence, so they may be good compressed perceptual measurement matrices.

With low coherence, the columns superimposed in the received signal r can be easily detected by projecting the received signal r (where r ═ z + n is the transmitted signal z corrupted by, for example, noise/interference/distortion n) onto each column of the projection matrix F. For example, the projection may be calculated as

p_i＝|<f_i,r>|,i＝1,…,N. (5)

Index set corresponding to L maximum projectionsFormally defined as

Which is used to recover the transmitted information message m. In the case of the equation (6),is any L-element subset of {1, …, N }. The basic SSC receiver in equation (6) highlights the principle of operation of any SSC/SVC decoder. If the coherence ρ (F) is high, the received signal projected onto each column can cause high interference from other superimposed columns, thereby easily making the information message recovery erroneous.

It can therefore be understood that any SSC projection matrix F given coherence (4a) or (4 b):

1. any matrix F' obtained by permuting the columns/rows of the projection matrix F in an arbitrary order has the same coherence as the projection matrix F. Therefore, F' is as good as the projection matrix F when used as an SSC projection matrix.

2. Any matrix F "obtained by eliminating an arbitrary subset of the columns of the projection matrix F has the same or lower coherence than the projection matrix F. Thus, F "is as good as or better than the projection matrix F when used as an SSC projection matrix.

3. AsAny matrix F' ″ obtained by any constant phase rotation of the projection matrix F has the same coherence as the projection matrix F. Thus, F' "is as good as the projection matrix F when used as an SSC projection matrix.

In an embodiment of the invention, the columns of the projection matrix F have a length M-2^mM is even then used for transmission according to the SSC scheme. The Kerdock bent sequence of length M is obtained from the coset leader entry of the Kerdock code having the same length M. The codewords in each codeset are obtained by bitwise summing each codeword in RM (1, m) with the codeset leader modulo 2. Thus, the coset leader term is a typical codeword for the corresponding coset.

Given Kerdock collection first item setFor example by e.g. mu_k＝1-2λ_k,k＝1…,2^m-1BPSK modulation of (a) obtains a modulated set of first-side-ensemble termsThe c-th sub-matrix F is obtained as follows_c：

[F_c]_i,j＝[H_M]_i,j[λ_c]_i,c＝1,…,2^m-1,i,j＝1,…,M (7a)

Or equivalently

F_c＝H_MοΛ_c,c＝1,…,2^m-1 (7b)

Wherein o denotes the Hadamard (in elements) product, H_MIs a Hadamard matrix of size MxM, Λ_cIs that all columns thereof are equal to λ_cM × M matrix.

It has been demonstrated that the inner product between any two Kerdock bent sequences is equal toIs the upper limit. Thus, any Kerdock-based quasi-orthogonal (QO-K) SSC projection matrix satisfies (3), e.g.Thus, the corresponding QO-K SSC matrix has low coherence. The Kerdock bent sequence has a length M2^m(m is any even positive integer). For example, table 1 shows the coset leader entry of a length 16Kerdock code. In addition, table 2 below contains the coset leader entry for a length of 64Kerdock code.

Collect capital items	Value taking
		λ1	0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
λ2	0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1
		λ3	0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1
λ4	0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1
		λ5	0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1
λ6	0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
		λ7	0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1
λ8	0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1

TABLE 1 PRESENTATION ITEM OF LENGTH 16Kerdock CODE

TABLE 2 coset leader entry for length 64Kerdock code

In an embodiment of the invention, the columns of the SSC projection matrix F are Zadoff-chu (ZC) sequences of a quasi-orthogonal set of ZC sequences of length of elements (prime length) M. The obtained matrix is then used for transmission based on the SSC scheme according to the invention. The c sub-matrix F_cIs a cyclic shift having the same ZC sequence, wherein a ZC sequence with a root index u is defined as

ZC sequences have the convenient property that a given sequence isIs orthogonal to the original sequence:

whereinRepresents a sequence z_uCyclically shifting by f positions, defined asHere, M is the sequence length and (a)_M1+ (a-1) mod M. When M-1 different root indices u ∈ {1, …, M-1} are available, M-1 different sub-matrices may be obtained.

Thus, the c-th sub-matrix F is obtained as follows_c

Cross-correlation of any two ZC sequences of the same length M and different root indices toIs the upper limit. Thus, any ZC-based quasi-orthogonal (QO) SSC projection matrix can satisfy (6), e.g.

In an embodiment of the invention, the SSC projection matrix F is obtained by concatenating a plurality (Q) of smaller SSC projection matrices, obtained by projecting the matrix F on the same SSC₀Obtained by performing phase rotation as follows:

in other words, at least one sub-matrix F of the projection matrix F_aIs another sub-matrix F of the projection matrix F_bA phase rotated version of (a). As a result, the SSC projection matrix of equation (11) contains F₀The same sub-matrix and its multi-phase rotations.

Multiple phase-rotated SSC projection matrices containing the same columns/sub-matrices as those in F of equation (11) can introduce ambiguity (ambiguities) in detection since the projection of the received signal on any of those columns will have the same value(in addition to the effects of noise/distortion/impairments). Therefore, decoding based on column projection maximization will not work. However, in a coherent receiver, the carrier phase is recovered and used for coherent detection. A similar situation occurs in OFDM systems, where demodulation reference signals are transmitted interleaved with data to allow the receiver to estimate the channel amplitude and phase for each of the time-frequency resources used for transmission.

The coherent SSC receiver performs the projection operation as follows:

taking the real part in the projection and selecting the column corresponding to the largest projection in equation (12) as in (4) disambiguates the above and thus enables the use of an extended projection matrix. Table 3 below summarizes several correlation SSC matrix spreading types. Mixed quadratur (quadraturogonal) refers to a combination of orthogonal (quadraturure) extension and biorthogonal (biorthogonal) extension.

TABLE 3 SSC projection matrix extension types

The concatenation of SSC projection matrices generates larger SSC matrices, thereby potentially supporting the transmission of longer messages and ultimately achieving higher spectral efficiency. One drawback of the SSC projection matrix concatenation is that the corresponding SSC scheme may not be uniquely decodable. For example, any biorthogonal cascadeContains the set of columns and their inverse (opposities). Each column in the left half of the SSC matrix has a corresponding opposite column in the right half. If any information message m is sent that selects any column in the left half and its opposite column in the right half, the two columns cancel each other in the superposition and the resulting transmitted signal is all zero. Since such cancellation may occur for more than one message, multiple messages will be transmitted with the same all-zero signal. The resulting SSC scheme will not be uniquely decodable. A similar drawback exists in the four-quadrature cascade as well, since any column, its inverse and its quadrature phase selection are in the SSC matrix.

To obtain unique decodability, the columns of the extended SSC projection matrix F are permuted in equation (11) in such a way that no arbitrary column can be selected in any one of the quadrature phase rotations with their opposite combinations or their respective quadrature phase rotations, thereby achieving unique decodability. Due to the sparsity of x, any permutation of nearby locations in any given column combined together, whose opposite and quadrature phase rotations are sufficient to achieve unique decodability, with the proviso that B is an integer multiple of Q. For example, the extended SSC projection matrix F obtained by the four orthogonal cascades will be replaced by

Wherein F (i) denotes the ith column of F, and N₀Is F₀The number of columns in (1). A graphical representation of such a permutation, where Q-4, is shown in fig. 7, where each square represents a matrix column, the upper part shows the original matrix, i.e. the arrangement of columns in F, and the lower part shows the permuted matrix, i.e. the permuted matrixArrangement of middle columns.

In an embodiment of the present invention, a subset of the columns of the SSC projection matrix of the previous embodiments is selected based on a sparse vector that is formed by combining the sparse vector with the SSC projection matrix of the previous embodimentsThe information message m is obtained by dividing into L segments each having a size of b bits. Each segment is mapped to have the same length B-2^bL subvectors x₁,…,x_LWherein the l-th sub-vector has h-1 non-zero elements. The position of the non-zero element is obtained based on the bits in the ith message segment. For example, the position of the non-zero element may be an integer value of the corresponding message segment. Thus, in other words, the transmitter apparatus 100 is adapted to derive from each sub-matrix [ F ]₁ F₂ … F_C]One column is selected.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the subset of columns of the SSC projection matrix of the previous embodiments is selected according to a sparse vector obtained by dividing the information message m into L segments each having a size of b bits. Each segment is mapped to L subvectors x of the same length B₁,…,x_LWherein the l-th sub-vector has h > 1 non-zero elements andthe non-zero element in the ith sub-vector isAnd index the set (i)_l,1,…,i_l,h) Combination of h from B elementTo select. For example, when h is 2, the position of the non-zero element in the l-th segment may be determined by segmenting the corresponding message segment x_lV is an integer value of_lMapping toOne of the combinations is obtained as:

and, if a₁＜a₂Then get (i)_l,1,i_l,2)＝(a₁+1,a₂+1), otherwise (i)_l,1,i_l,2)＝(B-a₁,B-a₂). Thus, in other words, the transmitter apparatus 100 is adapted to derive from each sub-matrix [ F ]₁F₂…F_C]Two or more columns are selected.

In some cases, transmission for information message m may require rate adaptation to accommodate the number of time-frequency resources available for transmission. Therefore, methods of puncturing and spreading are also presented herein. In the case of puncturing, to increase the rate, the transmitter apparatus 100 punctures the symbols of the transmission signal z when the number of time-frequency resources available for transmission is smaller than the number M of transmission symbols of the transmission signal z. On the other hand, to reduce the rate, the transmitter device 100 repeats the transmission symbols of the transmission signal z when the number of time-frequency resources available for transmission is greater than the number M of transmission symbols of the transmission signal z.

In an embodiment of the invention, when the number of time-frequency channel resources available for transmission M' < M, a signal of length M is punctured. Thus, M-M' symbols in the generated signal of length M are punctured or deleted, i.e., they are not transmitted. The same punctured signal can be obtained by eliminating M-M' rows in the SSC projection matrix F, so as to obtain a new projection matrix F with the remaining rows according to the defined pattern p_p。

As a first example, a uniform perforation pattern may be conveniently obtained as follows

Wherein p contains a group for generating F_pIs determined by the index of the selected row of the projection matrix F. The punctured symbols are evenly spaced along the signal according to equation (14).

As a second example, M-M' consecutive symbols are punctured. Thus, the corresponding pattern is p ═ 1, …, p₀,p₀+M-M′+1,…,M]Wherein p is₀Is any integer between 0 and M'.

In an embodiment of the invention, a signal of length M is extended when the number of time-frequency channel resources available for transmission M "> M. Thus, M "-M symbols in the generated signal are repeated/duplicated, i.e. transmitted twice. The same spread signal can be obtained by copying the rows M "-M in the SSC projection matrix F, so as to obtain a new projection matrix F with repeated rows according to a predefined pattern_d。

As a first example, a uniform repeating pattern may be conveniently obtained as follows

Wherein d contains is used to generate F_dIs determined by the index of the selected row of the projection matrix F. Each row of the projection matrix F may be selected more than once. The replicated symbols are evenly spaced along the signal according to equation (15).

As a second example, M "-M consecutive symbols are repeated. Thus, the corresponding pattern is d ═ 1, …, M, d₀,…,d₀+M″-M-1]Wherein d is₀Is any integer between 1 and 2M-M "+ 1.

The QO-SSC receiver device 300 recovers information messages from the received signal r ═ z + n, where n corresponds to, for example, additive noise, transmitter distortion, interference, or any other impairments. A simple projection receiver projects the received signal r onto each column of the matrix F as follows:

and then use the column corresponding to the highest correlation:

for recovering the transmitted message. Simple projection yields a rather limited performance when the number of superimposed columns is larger than 2.

Accordingly, there is a need for an enhanced receiver apparatus. Enhanced performance is obtained by performing Iterative Successive Interference Cancellation (ISIC). The ISIC receiver operates according to the following algorithm (here, it is assumed that h 1-extending to h > 1 is simple-and the SSC projection matrix F is divided into L sub-matrices with size M × B). Fig. 8 shows the following ISIC SSC decoding algorithm with reference to the step designations given herein below.

Thus, referring to the flow chart in fig. 8, the decoding algorithm operates as follows:

(1)the input of the algorithm is as follows:received signal r at step (1) in fig. 8, SSC projection matrix F, parameters L and B, and number of iterations N_it。

(2) Initializing the output vector at step (2) in FIG. 8

(3) Initializing the interference cancelled received signal r at step (3) in fig. 8_l←r,l＝1,…,L。

(4) At step (4) in fig. 8 for it 1 to N_it：

(a) Set of submatrices to be accessed in the current iteration:

(b) when in useIs not empty

(i) Each r is_l, Projection (projector)To the corresponding sub-matrix F_lUp and obtain projection vector

(ii) At all projection vectors p_l:d ∈ {1, …, B }, in the projection valueSelectingMaximum projection value

(iii)

(iv) When in useTime settingOtherwise set up

(v) If it > 1, thenIs/are as followsThe sum of the column and the interference cancelled received signal is:

(vi) from interference-cancelled received signalsElimination To (1) aThe method comprises the following steps:

(vii) is provided with

(c) Ending the circulation;

(5) end at step (5) in fig. 8;

(6) at step (6) in FIG. 8Return to Wherein the vectorRepresents a subset of the columns of the projection matrix.

In its internal signal processing iterations, the ISIC receiver repeatedly performs a sequence of three basic steps:

projecting the interference cancelled received signal onto columns of a set of sub-matrices;

selecting the maximum projection value among the projection values obtained in the previous step;

the column corresponding to the selected projection value is eliminated from the interference-eliminated received signal.

The calculation of the projection in step (4) (b) (i) in the algorithm shown in fig. 8 is the most demanding operation in the ISIC algorithm in terms of computational load. For submatrix F having size M_lProjection calculationHaving a complexity M²Wherein M is the sequence length. When the SSC projection matrix is of the QO-ZC type, the computational complexity of this step can be greatly reduced: since the QO-ZC matrix contains cyclic shifts with the same sequence, the projectionCan be calculated by calculating the Fourier transformThe cyclic cross-correlation between the received signal and the ZC sequence in the transform domain is conveniently performed, e.g. Where (I) FFT represents an (inverse) fast fourier transform. Complexity is reduced to 3log₂M + M (assuming FFT calculated using the radix-2 algorithm). A similar complexity reduction of QO-K can be achieved by computing the correlation in the Hadamard transform domain. In the performance evaluation, it can be observed thatThe ISIC decoder performance approaches the Maximum Likelihood (ML) receiver performance.

The Spectral Efficiency (SE) performance of SSCs with QO-K and QO-ZC has been evaluated. The results are shown in fig. 9, where the QO-K SSC and QO-ZC SSC schemes are compared to the NR polar code. A comparison with the performance of NR LDPC codes is not shown, since it has been demonstrated that NR polar codes perform better than NR LDPC codes for the SNR range, rate and spectral efficiency considered. The number of selected columns per message subvector is h-1. SSC matrix size 256 x 2¹⁶. The codeword length is M256 symbols. The QO-ZC matrix is obtained by puncturing the last symbol of 257 ZC sequences in length. The SSC matrix consists of 256 sub-matrices, where each sub-matrix contains 256 different cyclic shifts of the ZC sequence with a given root index. Each sub-matrix corresponds to a different ZC root index. The QO-K SSC matrix is formed by combining the QO-K SSC matrix with the QO-K SSC matrix from 256X 2¹⁵And the QO-K matrixes are orthogonally cascaded. The channel model used for the evaluation is AWGN. The SSC receiver performs ISIC decoding with 10 iterations. BLER was estimated by monte carlo simulations. Calculating spectral efficiency, e.g.

It can be observed that QO-ZCAnd QO-K SSC have about the same performance. SSC has a higher SE than NR polar code for SNR < 7dB and SE < 0.12 bits/s/Hz. FIG. 10 shows BLER performance of QO-K and QO-ZC SSC compared to NR polar codes. SSC matrix size of 64 x 2¹⁶. The codeword length is M-64 symbols. The number of selected columns per message subvector is h-1. The QO-ZC matrix is obtained by puncturing three symbols of length 67 ZC sequences according to (14). The SSC matrix consists of 64 sub-matrices, where each sub-matrix contains 64 different cyclic shifts of a ZC sequence with a given root index. Each sub-matrix corresponds to a different ZC root index. By varying from 64X 2¹¹Orthogonal concatenation in each QO-K matrix has obtained a QO-K SSC matrix. The channel model used for the evaluation is AWGN. The SSC receiver performs ISIC decoding with 10 iterations. In FIG. 10, block error rate for the QO-K/QO-ZC SSC scheme. M: codeword length symbol]. K: message length [ bits ]]。

It can be observed that QO-ZC and QO-K SSC have approximately the same performance. The QO-K and QO-ZC SSC schemes have better BLER than the NR polar codes because they achieve BLER 10 at lower SNR than the NR polar codes^-5. Figure 11 shows BLER performance of a QO-ZC SSC compared to prior art SVC. A randomly generated matrix with elements in { -1, +1} is used. In fig. 11, the performance of SVC was evaluated using a Maximum Likelihood (ML) decoder and a Multipath Matching Pursuit (MMP) decoder. The QO-ZC SSC performance is superior to SVC over the entire SNR range.

The client device 900 herein may be represented as a User device, User Equipment (UE), a mobile station, an internet of things (IoT) device, a sensor device, a wireless terminal, and/or a mobile terminal, capable of wireless communication in a wireless communication system, sometimes also referred to as a cellular wireless system. The UE may also be referred to as a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a tablet computer with wireless capability, or a notebook computer. In such an environment, the UE may be, for example, a portable, pocket-storable, hand-held, computer-included, or vehicle-mounted mobile device capable of communicating voice and/or data with another entity, such as another receiver or server, via the radio access network. The UE may be a Station (STA), which is any device that contains a Media Access Control (MAC) compliant with IEEE 802.11 and a Physical Layer (PHY) that interfaces to the Wireless Medium (WM). The UE may also be configured for communication in 3 GPP-related LTE and LTE-advanced, WiMAX and its evolution, and fifth generation wireless technologies, such as new radios.

The network access node 800 herein may also be denoted as a wireless network access node, an access point, or a Base Station, such as a Radio Base Station (RBS), which in some networks may be referred to as a transmitter, "gNB", "gdnodeb", "eNB", "eNodeB", "NodeB", or "B node", depending on the technology and terminology used. The radio network access nodes may be of different types, e.g. macro eNodeB, home eNodeB or pico base station, based on transmission power and thus also cell size. A wireless network access node may be a Station (STA), which is any device that contains a Medium Access Control (MAC) compliant with IEEE 802.11 and a physical layer (PHY) interface to the Wireless Medium (WM). The radio network access node may also be a base station corresponding to a fifth generation (5G) wireless system.

Furthermore, any of the methods according to embodiments of the present invention may be implemented in a computer program having code means which, when run by a processing device, causes the processing device to perform the steps in the method. The computer program is embodied in a computer readable medium of a computer program product. The computer-readable medium may include substantially any Memory, such as a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Programmable Read-Only Memory (PROM), an Erasable PROM (EPROM), a flash Memory, an Electrically Erasable PROM (EEPROM), or a hard disk drive.

Furthermore, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that embodiments of the transmitter apparatus 100 and the receiver apparatus 300 comprise the necessary communication capabilities for performing the solution, e.g. in the form of functions, devices, units, elements, etc. Examples of other such devices, units, elements and functions are: processors, memories, buffers, control logic, encoders, decoders, rate matchers, rate reduction matchers, mapping units, multipliers, decision units, selection units, switches, interleavers, deinterleavers, modulators, demodulators, inputs, outputs, antennas, amplifiers, receiver units, transmitter units, DSPs, MSDs, TCM encoders, TCM decoders, power supply units, feeders, communication interfaces, communication protocols, etc., suitably arranged together for performing the solution.

In particular, the one or more processors of transmitter device 100 and receiver device 300 may include, for example, one or more instances of a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Processing Unit, a Processing Circuit, a processor, an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a microprocessor, or other Processing logic that may interpret and execute instructions. Thus, the expression "processor" may denote a processing circuit comprising a plurality of processing circuits, such as, for example, any, some or all of the processing circuits described above. The processing circuitry may also perform data processing functions for inputting, outputting, and processing data, including data buffering and data control functions, such as call processing control, user interaction control, and so forth.

Finally, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, but relates to and incorporates all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended independent claims.