阅读说明：本技术 铅酸电瓶废料分选工艺 (Lead-acid battery waste sorting process ) 是由 吴国庆 巨峰 朱昊天 陈华勇 巨李冲 于 2020-11-05 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了铅酸电瓶废料分选工艺,包括以下步骤：将铅酸电瓶废料粉碎,然后进行烘干、摩擦干洗,将摩擦干洗过程中产生的粉尘收集,与摩擦后的物料分离；将摩擦后的物料通过比重分选为重物料和轻物料；将轻物料中的铅粉和塑胶杂物通过比重分选,并收集比重分选过程中产生的粉尘,得到轻塑胶杂物；将重物料通过风力摇床分选出重含铅物,并收集风力摇床分选过程中产生的铅粉；将分离出重含铅物的重物料通过弹力分选出弹性橡胶和非弹性塑料,然后通过电选对非弹性塑料中的不同材质的塑料进行分离,本发明克服了现有技术的不足,该分选工艺对铅酸电瓶废料的分选效果好,分选后的各物料内的杂质含量低,可直接进行回收再利用。(The invention discloses a lead-acid battery waste sorting process, which comprises the following steps: crushing the lead-acid battery waste, drying, rubbing and dry-cleaning, collecting dust generated in the rubbing and dry-cleaning process, and separating the dust from the rubbed materials; separating the rubbed materials into heavy materials and light materials by specific gravity; separating lead powder and plastic impurities in the light materials by specific gravity, and collecting dust generated in the specific gravity separation process to obtain light plastic impurities; separating heavy materials from heavy lead-containing substances through a wind power shaking table, and collecting lead powder generated in the separation process of the wind power shaking table; the heavy materials separated from the heavy lead-containing objects are separated into the elastic rubber and the non-elastic plastic through elasticity, and then the plastics of different materials in the non-elastic plastic are separated through electric separation.)

1. The lead-acid battery waste sorting process is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, crushing the lead-acid battery waste, drying, carrying out friction dry cleaning on the dried waste, collecting dust generated in the friction dry cleaning process, and separating the dust from the materials after friction;

s2, sorting the rubbed materials into heavy materials and light materials by specific gravity, and collecting dust generated in the specific gravity sorting process;

s3, separating lead powder and plastic impurities in the light materials by specific gravity, and collecting dust generated in the specific gravity separation process to obtain light plastic impurities; separating heavy materials from heavy lead-containing substances through a wind power shaking table, and collecting lead powder generated in the separation process of the wind power shaking table;

and S4, separating the heavy materials from which the heavy lead-containing substances are separated out from the elastic rubber and the non-elastic plastic through elasticity, and then separating the plastic with different materials from the non-elastic plastic through electric separation.

2. The lead-acid battery waste sorting process of claim 1, further comprising combining the dusts of steps S1, S2, S3 and separating lead from the dusts by a sorting device.

3. The lead-acid storage battery waste sorting process as claimed in claim 2, wherein the sorting device comprises a square shell and a partition board, the partition board divides the square shell into a sorting box and a lead discharging box, the lead discharging box is a closed box body, an air inlet and an air outlet are arranged at two ends of the sorting box, the sorting box is located above the lead discharging box, a lead discharging port is formed in the lead discharging box, a plurality of round pipes perpendicular to the partition board are further arranged in the sorting box, the top of each round pipe is in contact with the bottom of the top of the sorting box, the bottom of each round pipe penetrates through the partition board and is located in the lead discharging box, and a plurality of through holes are formed in the round pipes in the sorting box.

4. The sorting process of lead-acid battery waste according to claim 3, wherein the inner diameter of the round tube is 0.5-1.5mm, and the inner diameter of the through hole is 0.2-0.4 mm.

5. The sorting process of lead-acid battery waste according to claim 3, wherein the temperature in the sorting device is not less than 380 ℃ and the air flow rate is 5-10 m/s.

6. The lead-acid battery waste sorting process according to claim 1, wherein the wind power table in the step S3 uses a fan to blow air, and the fan is simultaneously used for an induced draft fan during lead powder collection, so that wind power recycling is realized.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of lead-acid battery waste sorting, and particularly belongs to a lead-acid battery waste sorting process.

Background

A lead-acid battery (VRLA) is a battery whose electrodes are made mainly of lead and its oxides and whose electrolyte is a sulfuric acid solution. In the discharge state of the lead-acid battery, the main component of the positive electrode is lead dioxide, and the main component of the negative electrode is lead; in a charged state, the main components of the positive electrode and the negative electrode are lead sulfate. After the lead-acid battery is used for a certain period of time, the charge and discharge capacity of the lead-acid battery is reduced, the lead-acid battery can be recycled after the lead-acid battery cannot meet the continuous use requirement, in the process of recycling the lead-acid battery, after electrolyte is taken out, the interior of the lead-acid battery contains lead and lead, so that the manual disassembly can harm the health of workers, and meanwhile, the lead-acid battery has a firmer structure and is difficult to disassemble, so that a method for separating plastics, lead and lead-containing substances from the lead in the lead-acid battery is needed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a lead-acid battery waste sorting process, which overcomes the defects of the prior art and can effectively separate plastics, lead-containing substances and lead in the lead-acid battery waste.

In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

the lead-acid battery waste sorting process comprises the following steps:

s1, crushing the lead-acid battery waste, drying, carrying out friction dry cleaning on the dried waste, collecting dust generated in the friction dry cleaning process, and separating the dust from the materials after friction;

s2, sorting the rubbed materials into heavy materials and light materials by specific gravity, and collecting dust generated in the specific gravity sorting process;

s3, separating lead powder and plastic impurities in the light materials by specific gravity, and collecting dust generated in the specific gravity separation process to obtain light plastic impurities; separating heavy materials from heavy lead-containing substances through a wind power shaking table, and collecting lead powder generated in the separation process of the wind power shaking table;

and S4, separating the elastic rubber from the heavy material separated from the heavy lead-containing substances through elasticity, and then separating plastics of different materials in the heavy material separated from the heavy lead-containing substances and the elastic rubber through electric separation.

Preferably, the method further comprises the steps of combining the dusts in the steps S1, S2 and S3, and separating lead in the dusts by a sorting device.

Preferably, sorting unit include square shell and baffle, the baffle cut apart into separation box and lead box of row with square shell, lead box of row be the confined box, the separation box both ends be equipped with air intake and air outlet, and the separation box is located the top of arranging lead box, is equipped with row plumbous mouthful on the lead box of row, the separation box in still be equipped with the pipe on a plurality of perpendicular to baffle, the lower surface contact at the top of pipe and separation box top, the bottom of pipe is passed the baffle and is located row lead box, and is equipped with a plurality of through-hole on the pipe in the separation box.

Preferably, the inner diameter of the round pipe is 0.5-1.5mm, and the inner diameter of the through hole is 0.2-0.4 mm.

Preferably, the temperature in the sorting device is not less than 380 ℃, and the air flow rate is 5-10 m/s.

Preferably, the wind power shaking table in the step S3 uses a fan to blow air, and the fan is simultaneously used for an induced draft fan during lead powder collection, so as to realize wind power recycling.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following implementation effects:

1. according to the invention, through crushing, drying and friction dry cleaning of the lead-acid battery waste, dust in crushed lead-acid battery waste particles is effectively removed, so that the dust amount in specific gravity sorting and elastic sorting is greatly reduced, meanwhile, the sorting process has a good sorting effect on the lead-acid battery waste, the impurity content in each sorted material is low, and the sorted material can be directly recycled.

2. The temperature of the circular tube of the sorting device is higher than the melting point of lead, so that lead-carrying dust can be melted and adsorbed on the surface of the circular tube when passing through the sorting box, the melted lead enters the circular tube along with the increase of the lead content on the surface of the circular tube and is sucked into the circular tube through the capillary effect, and finally the lead flows into the lead discharging box from the circular tube to realize the separation of the lead in the dust, thereby greatly reducing the lead content in the dust.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the configuration of a sorting apparatus;

fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the sorting apparatus.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

Lead-acid battery waste is smashed to be less than 50mm, then drying is carried out, dust (containing lead) generated in the smashing and drying processes is collected, friction dry cleaning and subsequent sorting are facilitated after drying, then, lead-acid battery waste particles after drying are subjected to friction dry cleaning by using high-speed friction dry cleaning equipment, under the pushing of friction blades, the lead-acid battery waste particles are subjected to mutual friction and collision, impurities such as dust (containing lead) on materials are separated, impurities such as the separated dust (containing lead) are discharged through friction sieve plate holes, the lead-acid battery waste particles after friction are collected through a dust collection system, and the lead-acid battery waste particles after friction are discharged through blade thrust to the high-speed friction dry cleaning equipment.

Then, the materials after the friction dry cleaning are subjected to specific gravity separation, positive pressure and negative pressure circular air separation is used, dust is filtered by negative pressure dust collection filtration, and the materials are separated into two types, namely light materials and heavy materials, by the specific gravity separation: such as plastic films, wood, fiber, plastic sheet tapes, etc.; heavy goods: lead grids, hard plastics, plastic partition plates, glass inorganic substances and the like, and the separated light substances are collected and discharged through a collecting system.

If the discharged light materials contain lead powder or small impurities, the light materials can be further screened to screen and discharge dust and lead powder in the light materials, so that relatively clean light plastic impurities are obtained.

The method comprises the following steps of separating heavy objects with different specific gravities or different particles by using a wind power shaking table, namely separating lead grids, collecting lead powder generated in the sorting process of the wind power shaking table, blowing by using a fan of the wind power shaking table, and simultaneously using the fan as a draught fan in the lead powder collection process to realize wind power recycling; the principle of the wind power table sorting is as follows: the wind power shaking table uses air as a medium, weights are fed onto a porous sieve plate which can be tilted and shaken, and particles are pushed to suspend by means of uninterrupted vibration and continuously entering positive and negative pressure ascending airflows, so that the weights are layered according to density difference. Weight selected by specific gravity: the heavy lead-containing objects and the hard plastics (such as the hard plastics and the plastic partition plates) can be respectively selected by the wind power shaking table, so that the heavy lead-containing objects can be extracted and separated.

Then, the difference of the springiness is utilized to separate the rubber plastics with stronger elasticity and the plastics with poorer elasticity under the action of mechanical force on the hard plastics. Finally, plastics of different materials in the poor plastics of elasticity are separated through the plastics electricity selection machine, and the principle is: the friction makes the different electric property plastics gain and lose electrons, makes the mixed plastics become two kinds of plastics with positive charges and negative charges, and in the direct current high voltage electric field, makes the plastics with positive charges and negative charges separate into plastics A and B through the high voltage direct current electrostatic adsorption force, thereby achieving the purpose of separating plastics for reuse.

And (3) combining the dust collected in the processes of crushing, drying and friction dry cleaning of the lead-acid battery waste and the dust generated in the process of specific gravity sorting of the materials subjected to friction dry cleaning, and sorting lead in the materials by a sorting device.

Example 2

As a further preferable technical proposal, the temperature in the sorting device is 400 ℃, and the air flow rate is 6 m/s. As shown in fig. 1-2, the sorting device includes square shell 1 and baffle 2, baffle 2 cuts apart into separation box 3 and lead box 4 with square shell 1, lead box 4 is the confined box to arrange, 3 both ends of separation box are equipped with air intake and air outlet, and separation box 3 is located the top of arranging lead box 4, be equipped with row plumbous mouth 7 on arranging lead box 4, still be equipped with the pipe 5 on a plurality of perpendicular to baffle 2 in separation box 3, the top of pipe 5 and the lower surface contact at 3 tops of separation box, the bottom of pipe 5 is passed baffle 2 and is located lead box 4, and be equipped with a plurality of through-hole 6 on the pipe 5 in separation box 3, the internal diameter of pipe 5 is 0.8mm, the internal diameter of through-hole 6 is 0.3 mm.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.