阅读说明：本技术 一种提高混凝土强度和耐蚀性的外加剂及其制备方法 (Additive for improving strength and corrosion resistance of concrete and preparation method thereof ) 是由 王伟 龙威 于 2020-10-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种提高混凝土强度和耐蚀性的外加剂,(1)配置木质素磺酸钙的水溶液,水浴保温,加入丙烯酸、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、丙烯酰氯,搅拌,冷却,过滤,向滤液中加入乙醇,沉淀,固液分离,洗涤,烘干,获得固相A；(2)配置氢氧化钠、柠檬酸钠、氨基磺酸钠的水溶液,加入固相A,搅拌,然后加入十二烷基苯磺酸和双氧水,获得组分1；(3)将硅酸铝粉末和硅粉过筛,混合；混合粉末浸泡在硫酸、马来酸的混合水溶液中,水浴保温,过滤,洗涤,烘干,获得组分2；(4)将组分1、组分2和引气剂、亚铁盐、矿渣粉、煤灰混合,获得外加剂。本发明制备的外加剂加入混凝土中,能够显著提高混凝土的抗压性能和耐腐蚀性能,从而提高了混凝土的使用寿命。(The invention discloses an additive for improving the strength and corrosion resistance of concrete, which comprises the following steps of (1) preparing an aqueous solution of calcium lignosulfonate, preserving heat in a water bath, adding acrylic acid, N-methylpyrrolidone and acryloyl chloride, stirring, cooling, filtering, adding ethanol into filtrate, precipitating, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing and drying to obtain a solid phase A; (2) preparing aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, sodium citrate and sodium sulfamate, adding the solid phase A, stirring, and then adding dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid and hydrogen peroxide to obtain a component 1; (3) sieving aluminum silicate powder and silicon powder, and mixing; soaking the mixed powder in a mixed aqueous solution of sulfuric acid and maleic acid, preserving heat in a water bath, filtering, washing and drying to obtain a component 2; (4) and mixing the component 1 and the component 2 with an air entraining agent, ferrous salt, slag powder and coal ash to obtain the additive. The admixture prepared by the invention is added into concrete, so that the compression resistance and the corrosion resistance of the concrete can be obviously improved, and the service life of the concrete is prolonged.)

1. An additive for improving the strength and the corrosion resistance of concrete is characterized by comprising the following preparation steps:

(1) preparing a calcium lignosulfonate aqueous solution, preserving heat in a water bath to 55 +/-5 ℃, sequentially adding acrylic acid, N-methyl pyrrolidone and acryloyl chloride into the solution to form a mixed solution, continuously stirring the mixed solution for more than 10 hours after the addition is finished, cooling the mixed solution to normal temperature after the stirring is finished, filtering, adding ethanol into the filtrate, precipitating, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing a solid phase with acetone, and drying to obtain a solid phase A;

(2) preparing aqueous solutions of sodium hydroxide, sodium citrate and sodium sulfamate, adding the solid phase A into the aqueous solutions of the sodium hydroxide, the sodium citrate and the sodium sulfamate, stirring the solution for 20-40 min, then sequentially adding dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid and hydrogen peroxide into the solution, and continuously stirring for 2-3 h in an ultrasonic environment after the addition is finished to obtain a component 1;

(3) respectively sieving aluminum silicate powder and silicon powder with a sieve of more than 300 meshes, and mixing the sieved two powders according to a certain proportion; preparing a mixed aqueous solution of sulfuric acid and maleic acid, soaking the mixed powder in the mixed aqueous solution of sulfuric acid and maleic acid, preserving the heat for more than 20h in a water bath at the temperature of 40 +/-5 ℃, then cooling the mixed solution to the normal temperature in air, filtering, washing a solid phase with deionized water, and drying to obtain a component 2;

(4) and mixing the component 1 and the component 2 with an air entraining agent, ferrous salt, slag powder and coal ash to obtain the additive.

2. The admixture for improving the strength and the corrosion resistance of concrete according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of calcium lignosulfonate in the aqueous solution of calcium lignosulfonate is 50-60 g/L, and the balance is water; the mass ratio of the added acrylic acid, the N-methyl pyrrolidone and the acryloyl chloride to the calcium lignosulfonate in the solution is that acrylic acid: n-methylpyrrolidone: acryloyl chloride: the weight of the calcium lignosulfonate = 5-8 g, 3-6 g, 8-10 g and 10g, and the weight of ethanol added into the filtrate is more than 10 times of that of the filtrate.

3. The admixture for improving the strength and the corrosion resistance of the concrete according to claim 1, wherein in the aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, sodium citrate and sodium sulfamate, the mass percent of the sodium hydroxide is 10-15%, the mass percent of the sodium citrate is 3-6%, the mass percent of the sodium sulfamate is 3-6%, and the balance is water; the solid-liquid mass ratio of the solid phase A added into the aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, sodium citrate and sodium sulfamate is solid/liquid = 3-5: 10; the mass ratio of the added mass of the dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid and the hydrogen peroxide to the solid phase A is that the mass ratio of the dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid: hydrogen peroxide: the solid phase A = 1-1.6: 0.3-0.7: 1, wherein the mass percentage of the hydrogen peroxide in the hydrogen peroxide is 35%.

4. The admixture for improving the strength and the corrosion resistance of concrete according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the two sieved powders are mixed according to the mass ratio of aluminum silicate/silicon powder =1: 8-10; the mixed aqueous solution of sulfuric acid and maleic acid is obtained by mixing concentrated sulfuric acid, maleic acid and water, wherein the mass percentage of the solute of the concentrated sulfuric acid is 98%; the mixing mass ratio of concentrated sulfuric acid, maleic acid and water is concentrated sulfuric acid: maleic acid: water = 1-4: 0.2-0.5: 1, and the solid-liquid mass ratio of the mixed powder immersed in the mixed aqueous solution of sulfuric acid and maleic acid is solid/liquid =1: 60.

5. The admixture for improving the strength and the corrosion resistance of the concrete according to claim 1, wherein the component 1, the component 2, an air entraining agent, a ferrous salt, slag powder and coal ash are mixed according to a mass ratio of component 1: and (2) component: air entraining agent: ferrous salt: slag powder: coal ash = 10-14: 70-80: 0.1-0.2: 4-6: 8-12: 10-16.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of building material processing, in particular to an additive for improving the strength and corrosion resistance of concrete and a preparation method thereof.

Background

Concrete used for building structures contains cement, water, aggregate, and the like, and has a property of being cured by a hydration reaction. The cured concrete tends to be susceptible to cracking due to changes in volume caused by stress, temperature changes, drying, and the like. When such cracks occur, water easily enters through the concrete, causing water leakage and the like, and there is a problem that the durability of the structure is lowered and the appearance is deteriorated. In addition, even in the case of an underground structure, for example, the crack causes a problem of water leakage, and in this case, the repair work of the crack is difficult, and therefore the cost is high. Conventionally, a filler is injected after a crack is generated to repair the crack, or a measure is taken to perform waterproofing or water stopping on concrete so that the crack does not affect a structure even if the crack is generated. However, such measures as repair, waterproofing, and water stopping inevitably lead to an increase in cost, an increase in the construction period of the structure, and the like, and therefore, it is desirable to omit the measures as much as possible.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides an admixture for improving the strength and the corrosion resistance of concrete, which comprises the following preparation steps:

(1) preparing a calcium lignosulfonate aqueous solution, preserving heat in a water bath to 55 +/-5 ℃, sequentially adding acrylic acid, N-methyl pyrrolidone and acryloyl chloride into the solution to form a mixed solution, continuously stirring the mixed solution for more than 10 hours after the addition is finished, cooling the mixed solution to normal temperature after the stirring is finished, filtering, adding ethanol into the filtrate, precipitating, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing a solid phase with acetone, and drying to obtain a solid phase A;

(2) preparing aqueous solutions of sodium hydroxide, sodium citrate and sodium sulfamate, adding the solid phase A into the aqueous solutions of the sodium hydroxide, the sodium citrate and the sodium sulfamate, stirring the solution for 20-40 min, then sequentially adding dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid and hydrogen peroxide into the solution, and continuously stirring for 2-3 h in an ultrasonic environment after the addition is finished to obtain a component 1;

(3) respectively sieving aluminum silicate powder and silicon powder with a sieve of more than 300 meshes, and mixing the sieved two powders according to a certain proportion; preparing a mixed aqueous solution of sulfuric acid and maleic acid, soaking the mixed powder in the mixed aqueous solution of sulfuric acid and maleic acid, preserving the heat for more than 20h in a water bath at the temperature of 40 +/-5 ℃, then cooling the mixed solution to the normal temperature in air, filtering, washing a solid phase with deionized water, and drying to obtain a component 2;

(4) and mixing the component 1 and the component 2 with an air entraining agent, ferrous salt, slag powder and coal ash to obtain the additive.

Further, in the aqueous solution of calcium lignosulfonate, the concentration of calcium lignosulfonate is 50-60 g/L, and the balance is water; the mass ratio of the added acrylic acid, the N-methyl pyrrolidone and the acryloyl chloride to the calcium lignosulfonate in the solution is that acrylic acid: n-methylpyrrolidone: acryloyl chloride: 5-8 g of calcium lignosulfonate, 3-6 g of calcium lignosulfonate, 8-10 g of calcium lignosulfonate and more than 10 times of the mass of ethanol added into the filtrate.

Further, in the aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, sodium citrate and sodium sulfamate, the mass percent of the sodium hydroxide is 10-15%, the mass percent of the sodium citrate is 3-6%, the mass percent of the sodium sulfamate is 3-6%, and the balance is water; adding the solid phase A into the aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, sodium citrate and sodium sulfamate, wherein the solid-liquid mass ratio of solid to liquid is 3-5: 10; the mass ratio of the added mass of the dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid and the hydrogen peroxide to the solid phase A is that the mass ratio of the dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid: hydrogen peroxide: the solid phase A is 1-1.6: 0.3-0.7: 1, wherein the mass percentage of the hydrogen peroxide in the hydrogen peroxide is 35%.

Further, in the step (3), the two sieved powders are mixed according to a mass ratio of aluminum silicate/silicon powder of 1: 8-10; the mixed aqueous solution of sulfuric acid and maleic acid is obtained by mixing concentrated sulfuric acid, maleic acid and water, wherein the mass percentage of the solute of the concentrated sulfuric acid is 98%; the mixing mass ratio of concentrated sulfuric acid, maleic acid and water is concentrated sulfuric acid: maleic acid: and water is 1-4: 0.2-0.5: 1, and the solid-liquid mass ratio of the mixed powder immersed in the mixed aqueous solution of sulfuric acid and maleic acid is 1: 60.

Further, the component 1, the component 2, an air entraining agent, ferrous salt, slag powder and coal ash are mixed according to the mass ratio of the component 1: and (2) component: air entraining agent: ferrous salt: slag powder: the coal ash is 10-14: 70-80: 0.1-0.2: 4-6: 8-12: 10-16.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the admixture prepared by the invention is added into concrete, and the compression resistance and the corrosion resistance of the concrete can be obviously improved, so that the service life of the concrete is prolonged, and the economic benefit is good.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.

Example 1

An additive for improving the strength and corrosion resistance of concrete is prepared by the following steps:

(1) preparing an aqueous solution of calcium lignosulfonate, wherein the concentration of the calcium lignosulfonate in the aqueous solution of the calcium lignosulfonate is 50g/L, and the balance of water; and (2) preserving the temperature in a water bath to 55 +/-5 ℃, sequentially adding acrylic acid, N-methyl pyrrolidone and acryloyl chloride into the solution to form a mixed solution, wherein the mass ratio of the added acrylic acid, the N-methyl pyrrolidone and the acryloyl chloride to the calcium lignosulfonate in the solution is acrylic acid: n-methylpyrrolidone: acryloyl chloride: stirring the mixed solution at the speed of 80r/min for 10 hours after the addition is finished, cooling the mixed solution to normal temperature after the stirring is finished, filtering, adding ethanol into the filtrate, wherein the mass of the added ethanol is 10 times of that of the filtrate, precipitating, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the solid phase with acetone for 3 times, and drying at the temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain a solid phase A;

(2) preparing aqueous solutions of sodium hydroxide, sodium citrate and sodium sulfamate, wherein in the aqueous solutions of the sodium hydroxide, the sodium citrate and the sodium sulfamate, the mass percent of the sodium hydroxide is 10%, the mass percent of the sodium citrate is 3%, the mass percent of the sodium sulfamate is 3%, and the balance is water; adding the solid phase A into the aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, sodium citrate and sodium sulfamate according to the solid-liquid mass ratio of 3:10, stirring the solution for 20min at the speed of 80r/min, and then sequentially adding dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid and hydrogen peroxide into the solution, wherein the mass ratio of the added dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid and hydrogen peroxide to the solid phase A is dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid: hydrogen peroxide: and the solid phase A is 1:0.3:1, wherein the mass percentage of the hydrogen peroxide in the hydrogen peroxide is 35%. Continuously stirring for 2 hours in an ultrasonic environment after the feeding is finished to obtain a component 1;

(3) respectively sieving aluminum silicate powder and silicon powder by a 300-mesh sieve, and mixing the sieved two kinds of powder according to the mass ratio of aluminum silicate/silicon powder of 1: 8; preparing a mixed aqueous solution of sulfuric acid and maleic acid, wherein the mixed aqueous solution of sulfuric acid and maleic acid is obtained by mixing concentrated sulfuric acid, maleic acid and water, and the mass percentage of the solute of the concentrated sulfuric acid is 98%; the mixing mass ratio of concentrated sulfuric acid, maleic acid and water is concentrated sulfuric acid: maleic acid: water 1:0.2: 1; and soaking the mixed powder in the mixed aqueous solution of sulfuric acid and maleic acid, wherein the solid-liquid mass ratio of the mixed powder soaked in the mixed aqueous solution of sulfuric acid and maleic acid is 1: 60. Preserving heat for 20h in 40 +/-5 ℃ water bath, then cooling to normal temperature in air, filtering, washing a solid phase for 3 times by using deionized water, and drying at 80 ℃ to obtain a component 2;

(4) mixing the component 1, the component 2, an air entraining agent (alpha-sodium alkenyl sulfonate), ferrous sulfate, slag powder (the residue sieved by a 45-micron square-hole sieve is not higher than 25%), coal ash (the residue sieved by the 45-micron square-hole sieve is not higher than 10%) to obtain the additive, wherein the mixing mass ratio of the component 1: and (2) component: sodium α -alkenyl sulfonate: ferrous sulfate: slag powder: coal ash 10:70:0.1:4:8: 10.

Example 2

An additive for improving the strength and corrosion resistance of concrete is prepared by the following steps:

(1) preparing an aqueous solution of calcium lignosulfonate, wherein the concentration of the calcium lignosulfonate in the aqueous solution of the calcium lignosulfonate is 54g/L, and the balance of water; and (2) preserving the temperature in a water bath to 55 +/-5 ℃, sequentially adding acrylic acid, N-methyl pyrrolidone and acryloyl chloride into the solution to form a mixed solution, wherein the mass ratio of the added acrylic acid, the N-methyl pyrrolidone and the acryloyl chloride to the calcium lignosulfonate in the solution is acrylic acid: n-methylpyrrolidone: acryloyl chloride: stirring the mixed solution at the speed of 80r/min for 10 hours after the addition is finished, cooling the mixed solution to normal temperature after the stirring is finished, filtering, adding ethanol into the filtrate, wherein the mass of the added ethanol is 10 times of that of the filtrate, precipitating, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the solid phase with acetone for 3 times, and drying at the temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain a solid phase A;

(2) preparing aqueous solutions of sodium hydroxide, sodium citrate and sodium sulfamate, wherein in the aqueous solutions of the sodium hydroxide, the sodium citrate and the sodium sulfamate, the mass percent of the sodium hydroxide is 12%, the mass percent of the sodium citrate is 4%, the mass percent of the sodium sulfamate is 4%, and the balance is water; adding the solid phase A into the aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, sodium citrate and sodium sulfamate according to the solid-liquid mass ratio of 4:10, stirring the solution for 30min at the speed of 80r/min, then sequentially adding dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid and hydrogen peroxide into the solution, wherein the mass ratio of the added dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid and hydrogen peroxide to the solid phase A is dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid: hydrogen peroxide: and the solid phase A is 1.3:0.5:1, wherein the mass percent of the hydrogen peroxide in the hydrogen peroxide is 35%. Continuously stirring for 2 hours in an ultrasonic environment after the feeding is finished to obtain a component 1;

(3) respectively sieving aluminum silicate powder and silicon powder by a 300-mesh sieve, and mixing the sieved two kinds of powder according to the mass ratio of aluminum silicate/silicon powder which is 1: 9; preparing a mixed aqueous solution of sulfuric acid and maleic acid, wherein the mixed aqueous solution of sulfuric acid and maleic acid is obtained by mixing concentrated sulfuric acid, maleic acid and water, and the mass percentage of the solute of the concentrated sulfuric acid is 98%; the mixing mass ratio of concentrated sulfuric acid, maleic acid and water is concentrated sulfuric acid: maleic acid: water 2:0.3: 1; and soaking the mixed powder in the mixed aqueous solution of sulfuric acid and maleic acid, wherein the solid-liquid mass ratio of the mixed powder soaked in the mixed aqueous solution of sulfuric acid and maleic acid is 1: 60. Preserving heat for 20h in 40 +/-5 ℃ water bath, then cooling to normal temperature in air, filtering, washing a solid phase for 3 times by using deionized water, and drying at 80 ℃ to obtain a component 2;

(4) mixing the component 1, the component 2, an air entraining agent (alpha-sodium alkenyl sulfonate), ferrous sulfate, slag powder (the residue sieved by a 45-micron square-hole sieve is not higher than 25%), coal ash (the residue sieved by the 45-micron square-hole sieve is not higher than 10%) to obtain the additive, wherein the mixing mass ratio of the component 1: and (2) component: sodium α -alkenyl sulfonate: ferrous sulfate: slag powder: coal ash 12:70:0.1:5:10: 12.

Example 3

An additive for improving the strength and corrosion resistance of concrete is prepared by the following steps:

(1) preparing an aqueous solution of calcium lignosulfonate, wherein the concentration of the calcium lignosulfonate in the aqueous solution of the calcium lignosulfonate is 57g/L, and the balance of water; and (2) preserving the temperature in a water bath to 55 +/-5 ℃, sequentially adding acrylic acid, N-methyl pyrrolidone and acryloyl chloride into the solution to form a mixed solution, wherein the mass ratio of the added acrylic acid, the N-methyl pyrrolidone and the acryloyl chloride to the calcium lignosulfonate in the solution is acrylic acid: n-methylpyrrolidone: acryloyl chloride: 7g, 5g, 9g, 10g, continuously stirring the mixed solution at the speed of 80r/min for 10 hours after the addition is finished, cooling the mixed solution to normal temperature after the stirring is finished, filtering, adding ethanol into the filtrate, wherein the mass of the added ethanol is 10 times of that of the filtrate, precipitating, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the solid phase with acetone for 3 times, and drying at the temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain a solid phase A;

(2) preparing aqueous solutions of sodium hydroxide, sodium citrate and sodium sulfamate, wherein in the aqueous solutions of the sodium hydroxide, the sodium citrate and the sodium sulfamate, the mass percent of the sodium hydroxide is 14%, the mass percent of the sodium citrate is 5%, the mass percent of the sodium sulfamate is 5%, and the balance is water; adding the solid phase A into the aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, sodium citrate and sodium sulfamate according to the solid-liquid mass ratio of 4:10, stirring the solution for 30min at the speed of 80r/min, then sequentially adding dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid and hydrogen peroxide into the solution, wherein the mass ratio of the added dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid and hydrogen peroxide to the solid phase A is dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid: hydrogen peroxide: and the solid phase A is 1.4:0.6:1, wherein the mass percent of the hydrogen peroxide in the hydrogen peroxide is 35%. Continuously stirring for 3 hours in an ultrasonic environment after the feeding is finished to obtain a component 1;

(3) respectively sieving aluminum silicate powder and silicon powder by a 300-mesh sieve, and mixing the sieved two kinds of powder according to the mass ratio of aluminum silicate/silicon powder which is 1: 9; preparing a mixed aqueous solution of sulfuric acid and maleic acid, wherein the mixed aqueous solution of sulfuric acid and maleic acid is obtained by mixing concentrated sulfuric acid, maleic acid and water, and the mass percentage of the solute of the concentrated sulfuric acid is 98%; the mixing mass ratio of concentrated sulfuric acid, maleic acid and water is concentrated sulfuric acid: maleic acid: water 3:0.4: 1; and soaking the mixed powder in the mixed aqueous solution of sulfuric acid and maleic acid, wherein the solid-liquid mass ratio of the mixed powder soaked in the mixed aqueous solution of sulfuric acid and maleic acid is 1: 60. Preserving heat for 20h in 40 +/-5 ℃ water bath, then cooling to normal temperature in air, filtering, washing a solid phase for 3 times by using deionized water, and drying at 80 ℃ to obtain a component 2;

(4) mixing the component 1, the component 2, an air entraining agent (alpha-sodium alkenyl sulfonate), ferrous sulfate, slag powder (the residue sieved by a 45-micron square-hole sieve is not higher than 25%), coal ash (the residue sieved by the 45-micron square-hole sieve is not higher than 10%) to obtain the additive, wherein the mixing mass ratio of the component 1: and (2) component: sodium α -alkenyl sulfonate: ferrous sulfate: slag powder: coal ash 13:80:0.2:5:10: 14.

Example 4

An additive for improving the strength and corrosion resistance of concrete is prepared by the following steps:

(1) preparing an aqueous solution of calcium lignosulfonate, wherein the concentration of the calcium lignosulfonate in the aqueous solution of the calcium lignosulfonate is 60g/L, and the balance of water; and (2) preserving the temperature in a water bath to 55 +/-5 ℃, sequentially adding acrylic acid, N-methyl pyrrolidone and acryloyl chloride into the solution to form a mixed solution, wherein the mass ratio of the added acrylic acid, the N-methyl pyrrolidone and the acryloyl chloride to the calcium lignosulfonate in the solution is acrylic acid: n-methylpyrrolidone: acryloyl chloride: 8g, 6g, 10g and 10g of calcium lignosulphonate, continuously stirring the mixed solution at the speed of 80r/min for 10 hours after the materials are added, cooling the mixed solution to the normal temperature in air after the stirring is finished, filtering, adding ethanol into the filtrate, wherein the mass of the added ethanol is 10 times of that of the filtrate, precipitating, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the solid phase with acetone for 3 times, and drying at the temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain a solid phase A;

(2) preparing aqueous solutions of sodium hydroxide, sodium citrate and sodium sulfamate, wherein in the aqueous solutions of the sodium hydroxide, the sodium citrate and the sodium sulfamate, the mass percent of the sodium hydroxide is 15%, the mass percent of the sodium citrate is 6%, the mass percent of the sodium sulfamate is 6%, and the balance is water; adding the solid phase A into the aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, sodium citrate and sodium sulfamate according to the solid-liquid mass ratio of 5:10, stirring the solution for 40min at the speed of 80r/min, and then sequentially adding dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid and hydrogen peroxide into the solution, wherein the mass ratio of the added dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid and hydrogen peroxide to the solid phase A is dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid: hydrogen peroxide: and the solid phase A is 1.6:0.7:1, wherein the mass percent of the hydrogen peroxide in the hydrogen peroxide is 35%. Continuously stirring for 3 hours in an ultrasonic environment after the feeding is finished to obtain a component 1;

(3) respectively sieving aluminum silicate powder and silicon powder by a 300-mesh sieve, and mixing the sieved two kinds of powder according to the mass ratio of aluminum silicate/silicon powder of 1: 10; preparing a mixed aqueous solution of sulfuric acid and maleic acid, wherein the mixed aqueous solution of sulfuric acid and maleic acid is obtained by mixing concentrated sulfuric acid, maleic acid and water, and the mass percentage of the solute of the concentrated sulfuric acid is 98%; the mixing mass ratio of concentrated sulfuric acid, maleic acid and water is concentrated sulfuric acid: maleic acid: water 4:0.5: 1; and soaking the mixed powder in the mixed aqueous solution of sulfuric acid and maleic acid, wherein the solid-liquid mass ratio of the mixed powder soaked in the mixed aqueous solution of sulfuric acid and maleic acid is 1: 60. Preserving heat for 20h in 40 +/-5 ℃ water bath, then cooling to normal temperature in air, filtering, washing a solid phase for 3 times by using deionized water, and drying at 80 ℃ to obtain a component 2;

(4) mixing the component 1, the component 2, an air entraining agent (alpha-sodium alkenyl sulfonate), ferrous sulfate, slag powder (the residue sieved by a 45-micron square-hole sieve is not higher than 25%), coal ash (the residue sieved by the 45-micron square-hole sieve is not higher than 10%) to obtain the additive, wherein the mixing mass ratio of the component 1: and (2) component: sodium α -alkenyl sulfonate: ferrous sulfate: slag powder: coal ash 14:80:0.2:6:12: 16.

Comparative example 1

The comparative example provides a method for preparing an admixture, comprising the steps of:

(1) preparing an aqueous solution of calcium lignosulfonate, wherein the concentration of the calcium lignosulfonate in the aqueous solution of the calcium lignosulfonate is 54g/L, and the balance of water; and (2) preserving the temperature in a water bath to 55 +/-5 ℃, sequentially adding acrylic acid, N-methyl pyrrolidone and acryloyl chloride into the solution to form a mixed solution, wherein the mass ratio of the added acrylic acid, the N-methyl pyrrolidone and the acryloyl chloride to the calcium lignosulfonate in the solution is acrylic acid: n-methylpyrrolidone: acryloyl chloride: stirring the mixed solution at the speed of 80r/min for 10 hours after the addition is finished, cooling the mixed solution to normal temperature after the stirring is finished, filtering, adding ethanol into the filtrate, wherein the mass of the added ethanol is 10 times of that of the filtrate, precipitating, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the solid phase with acetone for 3 times, and drying at the temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain a solid phase A;

(2) respectively sieving aluminum silicate powder and silicon powder by a 300-mesh sieve, and mixing the sieved two kinds of powder according to the mass ratio of aluminum silicate/silicon powder which is 1: 9; preparing a mixed aqueous solution of sulfuric acid and maleic acid, wherein the mixed aqueous solution of sulfuric acid and maleic acid is obtained by mixing concentrated sulfuric acid, maleic acid and water, and the mass percentage of the solute of the concentrated sulfuric acid is 98%; the mixing mass ratio of concentrated sulfuric acid, maleic acid and water is concentrated sulfuric acid: maleic acid: water 2:0.3: 1; and soaking the mixed powder in the mixed aqueous solution of sulfuric acid and maleic acid, wherein the solid-liquid mass ratio of the mixed powder soaked in the mixed aqueous solution of sulfuric acid and maleic acid is 1: 60. Preserving heat for 20h in 40 +/-5 ℃ water bath, then cooling to normal temperature in air, filtering, washing a solid phase for 3 times by using deionized water, and drying at 80 ℃ to obtain a component 2;

(3) mixing the solid phase A, the component 2, an air entraining agent (alpha-sodium alkenyl sulfonate), ferrous sulfate, slag powder (the residue sieved by a 45-micron square-hole sieve is not higher than 25%), coal ash (the residue sieved by the 45-micron square-hole sieve is not higher than 10%) to obtain the additive, wherein the mixing mass ratio of the solid phase A: and (2) component: sodium α -alkenyl sulfonate: ferrous sulfate: slag powder: coal ash 12:70:0.1:5:10: 12.

Comparative example 2

The comparative example provides an additive comprising calcium lignosulfonate, component 2, an air entraining agent (alpha-sodium alkenyl sulfonate), ferrous sulfate, slag powder (the residue sieved by a 45-micron square-hole sieve is not higher than 25%), coal ash (the residue sieved by the 45-micron square-hole sieve is not higher than 10%), and the preparation method of the component 2 is completely the same as that of the component 2 in the example 2. Mixing the following components in mass ratio: and (2) component: sodium α -alkenyl sulfonate: ferrous sulfate: slag powder: coal ash 12:70:0.1:5:10: 12.

Comparative example 3

The comparative example provides an admixture, which is prepared by the following steps:

(1) preparing an aqueous solution of calcium lignosulfonate, wherein the concentration of the calcium lignosulfonate in the aqueous solution of the calcium lignosulfonate is 54g/L, and the balance of water; and (2) preserving the temperature in a water bath to 55 +/-5 ℃, sequentially adding acrylic acid, N-methyl pyrrolidone and acryloyl chloride into the solution to form a mixed solution, wherein the mass ratio of the added acrylic acid, the N-methyl pyrrolidone and the acryloyl chloride to the calcium lignosulfonate in the solution is acrylic acid: n-methylpyrrolidone: acryloyl chloride: stirring the mixed solution at the speed of 80r/min for 10 hours after the addition is finished, cooling the mixed solution to normal temperature after the stirring is finished, filtering, adding ethanol into the filtrate, wherein the mass of the added ethanol is 10 times of that of the filtrate, precipitating, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the solid phase with acetone for 3 times, and drying at the temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain a solid phase A;

(2) preparing aqueous solutions of sodium hydroxide, sodium citrate and sodium sulfamate, wherein in the aqueous solutions of the sodium hydroxide, the sodium citrate and the sodium sulfamate, the mass percent of the sodium hydroxide is 12%, the mass percent of the sodium citrate is 4%, the mass percent of the sodium sulfamate is 4%, and the balance is water; adding the solid phase A into the aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, sodium citrate and sodium sulfamate according to the solid-liquid mass ratio of 4:10, stirring the solution for 30min at the speed of 80r/min, then sequentially adding dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid and hydrogen peroxide into the solution, wherein the mass ratio of the added dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid and hydrogen peroxide to the solid phase A is dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid: hydrogen peroxide: and the solid phase A is 1.3:0.5:1, wherein the mass percent of the hydrogen peroxide in the hydrogen peroxide is 35%. Continuously stirring for 2 hours in an ultrasonic environment after the feeding is finished to obtain a component 1;

(3) mixing the component 1, aluminum silicate/silicon powder mixed powder, an air entraining agent (alpha-sodium alkenyl sulfonate), ferrous sulfate, slag powder (the residue of a 45-micron square-hole sieve is not higher than 25%), coal ash (the residue of a 45-micron square-hole sieve is not higher than 10%) to obtain the additive, wherein the mixing mass ratio of the component 1: aluminum silicate/silicon powder mixed powder: sodium α -alkenyl sulfonate: ferrous sulfate: slag powder: coal ash 12:70:0.1:5:10: 12. The aluminum silicate/silicon powder mixed powder is prepared by respectively sieving aluminum silicate powder and silicon powder through a 300-mesh sieve, and mixing the sieved two kinds of powder according to the mass ratio of the aluminum silicate/the silicon powder to 1: 9.

Example 5

The admixture prepared in the examples 1-4 and the comparative examples 1-3 is added into concrete, wherein the weight ratio of the concrete is 357g of common 42.5# cement, 1550g of standard sand and 255g of water, and the amount of the admixture is 7% of the mass of the concrete. Concrete without additives was used as a control. The compressive strength of the various samples, as well as the change in compressive strength in sodium chloride solution, were tested according to standard JTG E30-2005, road engineering Cement and Cement concrete test protocols, and the results are shown in tables 1 and 2. Wherein the mass percentage of solute in the sodium chloride solution is 5 percent.

TABLE 1

TABLE 2

The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail above, and for those skilled in the art, the ideas according to the embodiments of the present invention may be changed in the specific implementation manners and the application ranges, and in summary, the content of the present description should not be construed as limiting the present invention.