Ceramic bonding agent, preparation method thereof and grinding tool
阅读说明：本技术 一种陶瓷结合剂及其制备方法、磨具 (Ceramic bonding agent, preparation method thereof and grinding tool ) 是由 刘元峰 张国威 于 2020-11-25 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种陶瓷结合剂及其制备方法、磨具,属于磨料磨具技术领域。本发明的陶瓷结合剂,由以下重量份数的组分组成：由以下重量份数的组分组成：SiO-238～60份、Al-2O-34～15份、B-2O-314～30份、Na-2O 7～14份、Li-2O 2～8份、ZrO-23～10份和氮化物5～20份。本发明的陶瓷结合剂,既保持了以往陶瓷结合剂优良的自锐性、整形性和修整性,又改进了以往陶瓷结合剂强度和韧性的不足,可用于制备高强度高韧性的陶瓷结合剂磨具。(The invention relates to a ceramic bond, a preparation method thereof and a grinding tool, and belongs to the technical field of grinding materials and grinding tools. The ceramic bonding agent disclosed by the invention comprises the following components in parts by weight: the composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: SiO 2 2 38 to 60 portions of Al 2 O 3 4 to 15 parts of B 2 O 3 14 to 30 portions of Na 2 7 to 14 parts of O and Li 2 O2-8 parts, ZrO 2 3 to 10 parts and 5 to 20 parts of nitride. The ceramic bond not only maintains the excellent self-sharpening, shaping and trimming properties of the traditional ceramic bond, but also improves the defects of the strength and toughness of the traditional ceramic bond, and can be used for preparing a high-strength high-toughness ceramic bond grinding tool.)
1. A ceramic bond, characterized by: the composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: SiO 2238 to 60 portions of Al2O34 to 15 parts of B2O314 to 30 portions of Na27 to 14 parts of O and Li2O2-8 parts, ZrO23 to 10 parts and 5 to 20 parts of nitride.
2. The ceramic bonding agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: the composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: SiO 2238 to 60 portions of Al2O34 to 15 parts of B2O314.1 to 30 parts of Na27 to 13 parts of O and Li2O2.4-8 parts, ZrO23 to 10 parts and 5 to 20 parts of nitride.
3. The ceramic bonding agent according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the nitride is selected from AlN, TiN, BN, Si3N4One or any combination thereof.
4. The ceramic bonding agent according to claim 3, characterized in that: the nitride is AlN, TiN, BN, Si3N4A combination of (1); AlN, TiN, BN, Si3N4The mass ratio of (A) to (B) is 2-4: 3-4: 2-3: 3.
5. The ceramic bonding agent according to claim 4, wherein: the composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: SiO 2242 parts of Al2O38 parts of B2O321.4 parts of Na210.5 parts of O and Li2O3.2 parts, ZrO24 parts of AlN 4 parts, TiN 3 parts, BN 3 parts and Si3N4And 3 parts.
6. The ceramic bonding agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: the particle size of the ceramic binder is 38-48 mu m.
7. A kind ofThe method for preparing the ceramic binder according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the method comprises the following steps: taking SiO2、Al2O3、B2O3Precursor, Na2O precursor and Li2O precursor, ZrO2And uniformly grinding the mixture and nitride, smelting and quenching to obtain a glass material, grinding the obtained glass material, and then sieving to obtain the silicon nitride/silicon.
8. The method of preparing a ceramic binder of claim 7, wherein: the smelting temperature is 1350-1400 ℃.
9. The method of preparing a ceramic binder of claim 7, wherein: further comprising the steps of: before grinding the glass material, drying the glass material;
the quenching is water quenching; and the drying treatment is to preserve the temperature of the glass material at 100-140 ℃ for 6-10 h and then naturally cool the glass material to room temperature.
10. An abrasive article comprising a bond and an abrasive; the method is characterized in that: the bonding agent is the ceramic bonding agent according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
Technical Field
The invention relates to a ceramic bond, a preparation method thereof and a grinding tool, and belongs to the technical field of grinding materials and grinding tools.
Background
The traditional abrasive tool needs to be manufactured by using a bonding agent with proper hardness and tissue to consolidate the abrasive grains into the required shape and size. Ceramic bond, resin bond, rubber bond, metal bond and electroplating bond are commonly used for preparing grinding tools, and can be respectively prepared into grinding tools with the specific hardness and tissue of various bonds. The ceramic bond can be used for manufacturing common grinding tools using corundum, silicon carbide and the like as grinding materials, can also be used for manufacturing super-hard grinding tools using diamond and cubic boron nitride as grinding materials, and is widely applied.
The ceramic bonding agent belongs to vitreous bonding agents, has the characteristics of large brittleness and easiness in breaking, so that a grinding tool adopting the ceramic bonding agent generally has good self-sharpening, shaping and dressing properties, can keep good sharpness and is not easy to cause blockage in the grinding process, and can also be directly shaped and dressed on a grinding machine or a lathe, so that the processing efficiency is improved. However, the ceramic bond has the characteristic of high brittleness, so that the strength and toughness of the ceramic bond are poor, for example, in the prior art, a ceramic bond is disclosed in the Chinese invention patent application with the application publication number of CN109015418A, and the ceramic bond consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 50-60% of silicon dioxide, 10-15% of aluminum oxide, 15-25% of boron oxide, 1-5% of zirconium oxide, 5-10% of sodium oxide and 2-6% of lithium oxide. The grinding wheels made of the existing ceramic bond have short service life, and the ceramic bond can not be used as a bond for manufacturing a thin grinding wheel with the thickness less than or equal to 0.5 mm.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a ceramic bond with high strength and good toughness.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the ceramic bond with simple process.
The invention also provides a grinding tool, which adopts the ceramic bond and has the advantages of high strength and good toughness.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the ceramic bond is as follows:
a ceramic bond is composed of the following components in parts by weight: SiO 2238 to 60 portions of Al2O34 to 15 parts of B2O314 to 30 portions of Na27 to 14 parts of O and Li2O2-8 parts, ZrO23 to 10 parts and 5 to 20 parts of nitride.
The ceramic bond of the invention is prepared by adding the ceramic bond into SiO2、Al2O3、B2O3、Na2O、Li2Simultaneous incorporation of ZrO in O2And nitrides, wherein zirconia has a phase transition toughening effect due to temperature differential induced zirconia from tetra-zirconium during high temperature cooling of the ceramic bond during preparationWhen the grinding tool adopting the ceramic bond is stressed, the main crack is forked and changes direction when meeting the original microcrack in the expansion process, so that the tip energy of the main crack is dispersed, the fracture energy is improved, and the effect of phase change toughening is achieved. The addition of the nitride plays a role in dispersion strengthening, because the nitride has higher hardness and elastic modulus and is uniformly dispersed in the ceramic bond, when a grinding tool adopting the ceramic bond disclosed by the invention is stressed to generate cracks, the crack can be prevented from colliding with nitride particles in the crack propagation process and stopping propagation, and thus the dispersion strengthening effect is achieved. Thus, ZrO2And the addition of the nitride can greatly improve the toughness and the strength of a grinding tool adopting the ceramic bond, and the thin ceramic grinding wheel with the thickness less than or equal to 0.5mm can be successfully manufactured by adopting the ceramic bond.
The ceramic bond not only maintains the excellent self-sharpening, shaping and finishing properties of the traditional ceramic bond, but also improves the defects of insufficient strength and toughness of the traditional ceramic bond, and can be used for preparing a high-strength high-toughness ceramic bond grinding tool. The ceramic bond of the invention can be used for manufacturing common abrasive tools, and can also be used for manufacturing superhard diamond and CBN tools.
In order to further improve the strength and toughness of the ceramic bond, preferably, the ceramic bond is composed of the following components in parts by weight: SiO 2238 to 60 portions of Al2O34 to 15 parts of B2O314.1 to 30 parts of Na27 to 13 parts of O and Li2O2.4-8 parts, ZrO23 to 10 parts and 5 to 20 parts of nitride. For example, the ceramic binder may be composed of the following components in parts by weight: SiO 2242 to 52 parts of Al2O38 to 11 parts by weight of B2O314 to 22 parts of Na27 to 11 parts of O and Li2O2-4 parts, ZrO23-4 parts and 10-13 parts of nitride.
The nitride may be of various kindsAn inorganic nitride resistant to pyrolysis. Preferably, the nitride is selected from AlN, TiN, BN, Si3N4One or any combination thereof. Further, the nitride is AlN, TiN, BN, Si3N4A combination of (1); AlN, TiN, BN, Si3N4The mass ratio of (A) to (B) is 2-4: 3-4: 2-3: 3. Further, the ceramic bond is composed of the following components in parts by weight: SiO 2242 parts of Al2O38 parts of B2O321.4 parts of Na210.5 parts of O and Li2O3.2 parts, ZrO24 parts of AlN 4 parts, TiN 3 parts, BN 3 parts and Si3N4And 3 parts.
Preferably, the particle size of the ceramic binder is 38-48 μm.
The preparation method of the ceramic bond adopts the technical scheme that:
the preparation method of the ceramic bond comprises the following steps: taking SiO2、Al2O3、B2O3Precursor, Na2O precursor and Li2O precursor, ZrO2And uniformly grinding the mixture and nitride, smelting and quenching to obtain a glass material, grinding the obtained glass material, and then sieving to obtain the silicon nitride/silicon.
The preparation method of the ceramic bond is simple in process and convenient to popularize and apply. B can be calculated according to the composition of the ceramic binder when the material is taken2O3Precursor, Na2O precursor and Li2The amount of the O precursor.
Preferably, B is2O3The precursor is H3BO3. The Na is2The precursor of O is Na2CO3. The Li2The precursor of O is Li2CO3. By means of H3BO3、Na2CO3、Li2CO3Respectively as B2O3、Na2O and Li2The precursor of O is decomposed in the smelting process to generate B2O3、Na2O and Li2O remains in the system.
The grinding may be carried out by a grinding method commonly used in the art, such as ball milling, sand milling, etc. The grinding before melting and the grinding of the glass frit are preferably ball milling. The ball milling time is 60-80 h, and the ball milling time is 70-80% with the preferred material ball ratio of 1: 1.5-3.5. The grinding balls used in ball milling the glass frit are preferably corundum balls.
Preferably, the smelting temperature is 1350-1400 ℃. The smelting time is 30-50 min.
Preferably, the preparation method of the ceramic bond further comprises the following steps: before grinding the glass material, drying the glass material; the quenching is water quenching; and the drying treatment is to preserve the temperature of the glass material at 100-140 ℃ for 6-10 h and then naturally cool the glass material to room temperature.
The technical scheme adopted by the grinding tool is as follows:
an abrasive article comprising a bond and an abrasive; the bonding agent is the ceramic bonding agent.
The grinding tool belongs to a ceramic bond grinding tool, the strength of the ceramic bond grinding tool mainly depends on the strength of a ceramic bond and the bonding strength between the bond and abrasive particles, and the chemical composition of the ceramic bond is a decisive factor influencing the strength of the bond and the connection strength of a bond bridge and the abrasive particles. The grinding tool of the invention adopts the ceramic bond, so that the strength and the toughness of the grinding tool can be greatly improved.
The abrasive can be any abrasive in the field of abrasive tools, such as diamond, cubic boron nitride, corundum, and silicon carbide. Further, the corundum is one or any combination of white corundum, single crystal corundum and microcrystalline ceramic corundum (SG abrasive).
Preferably, the mass ratio of the bonding agent to the abrasive is 10-20: 80-90.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments.
Examples of ceramic Binders
Examples 1 to 6
The ceramic binders of examples 1 to 6 were each made of SiO2Part (Al)2O3、B2O3、Na2O、Li2O、ZrO2And nitride compositions. The specific substances of the nitrides, the weight parts of the components and the average particle size of the ceramic binder in the ceramic binders of the examples are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 compositions and particle sizes of the ceramic binders of examples 1-6
The ceramic binders of examples 1 to 6 can be prepared by the methods of examples 7 to 9.
Examples of the preparation method of the ceramic Binder
Example 7
The preparation method of the ceramic bond of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
1) mixing materials: taking SiO2、Al2O3、H3BO3、Na2CO3、Li2CO3、ZrO2And nitride, mixing uniformly in a ball mill, and sieving after 2 hours to obtain a mixture;
2) smelting and water quenching: pouring the mixture prepared in the step 1) into a crucible, putting the crucible into a high-temperature furnace, heating to 1380 ℃, preserving heat for 40 minutes, taking out the mixture, and pouring the mixture into water to obtain a glass material;
3) and (3) drying: preserving the temperature of the glass material prepared in the step 2) for 8 hours at the temperature of 140 ℃, and naturally cooling to room temperature;
4) ball milling: putting the dried glass material in the step 3) and corundum porcelain balls into a ball mill for ball milling, wherein the mass ratio of the material balls is 1:3, the loading capacity is 75%, and the ball milling time is 72 h.
5) Sieving: and (4) screening the glass material ball-milled in the step (4) through a 300-mesh screen to obtain the ceramic bonding agent.
Example 8
The method for preparing the ceramic binder of this example is different from the method for preparing the ceramic binder of example 7 only in that:
in the step 2), the heat preservation temperature in the smelting process is 1350 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 50 min;
in the step 3), the temperature adopted during drying is 100 ℃, and the time is 10 hours;
in the step 4), the installed capacity of the ball mill is 70%.
Example 9
The method for preparing the ceramic binder of this example is different from the method for preparing the ceramic binder of example 7 only in that:
in the step 2), the heat preservation temperature in the smelting process is 1400 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 30 min;
in the step 3), the temperature adopted during drying is 140 ℃ and the time is 6 hours;
in the step 4), the installed capacity of the ball mill is 80%.
Examples of abrasive tools
Examples 10 to 16
The grinding tools of examples 10-16 all included abrasives and ceramic binders, and the specific types of abrasives and ceramic binders used are shown in table 2. The abrasive articles of examples 10-16 were all prepared using a method comprising the steps of: firstly, weighing the grinding materials, adding a proper amount of paste liquid, uniformly mixing, then adding the prepared ceramic bond, uniformly mixing and sieving to prepare a molding material, then molding on a hydraulic machine, then sintering in a kiln, and finally processing into a finished product of the grinding tool.
TABLE 2 abrasives and ceramic binders used in the abrasives of examples 10-16
Examples of the experiments
Flexural strength and fracture toughness K for the abrasive tools of examples 10-16, respectivelyICThe values were tested and compared with the grinding efficiency and service life of the same specification grinding tool on the market under the same grinding conditions, and the results are shown in table 4.
Wherein, the bending Strength Test adopts a three-point bending Method (ASTM C1161 Standard Test Method for Flexible Strength of Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperature Test), the Test is carried out on a universal material testing machine, and the Test piece size is a rectangular cylinder of 18mm multiplied by 100 mm;
fracture toughness KICThe Test is carried out on a universal material testing machine by adopting a three-point bending Test method (ASTM C1421 Standard Test Methods for determination of Fracture surface of Advanced Ceramics at the two Temperature), the Test piece size is a rectangular cylinder of 18mm multiplied by 20mm multiplied by 100mm, a sharp opening is carved at the middle position of the Test piece, and the depth is 10 mm;
the grinding tools of examples 10 to 16 were measured for the weight of the workpiece to be ground per unit time and the wear life of the tool to be ground per unit time under the same grinding conditions in the laboratory (see table 3, wherein "V" in the specification of the tool represents a vitrified bond) as those of the same specification of the grinding tools purchased in the market, and the results are shown in table 4.
TABLE 3 grinding tool specification and grinding test condition table
TABLE 4 grinding tool Performance test results
The data in table 4 show that the grinding tool made of the ceramic bond of the present invention has high strength and toughness, and the grinding efficiency and the service life of the grinding tool are significantly improved compared with the existing products in the market.